Quenya 

Endor

middle-earth

Endor place-name "Middle-earth" (SA:dôr, NDOR), "centre of the world" (EN); also long form Endórë "Middle-earth" (Appendix E); allative Endorenna "to Middle-earth" in EO. The form Endór in MR:121 may be seen as archaic, intermediate between Endórë and Endor (since long vowels in a final syllable are normally shortened: Endór > Endor). Endór functions as an uninflected genitive in the source: Aran Endór, "King of Middle-earth".

endor

noun. Middle-earth

Quenya [PE 22:125; 126] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

Endamar

middle-earth

Endamar place-name "Middle-earth" (EN, MBAR, NDOR). However, Middle-earth is normally called Endor, Endórë.

Námo

person, somebody

námo (2) noun "a person, somebody" (PM:340 writers may prefer the synonym quén to avoid confusion with # 1)

kemen

earth

kemen noun "earth"; see cemen.

mar

earth

mar (1) noun "earth" (world), also "home, dwelling, mansion". Stem mard- (VT46:13, PE17:64), also seen in the ablative Mardello "from earth" (FS); the word is used with a more limited sense in oromardi "high halls" (sg. oromar, PM17:64), referring to the dwellings of Manwë and Varda on Mt. Taniquetil (Nam, RGEO:66). The initial element of Mardorunando (q.v.) may be the genitive mardo (distinguish mardo "dweller"). May be more or less identical to már "home, house, dwelling" (of persons or peoples; in names like Val(i)mar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil) (SA:bar, VT45:33, VT47:6). Már is however unlikely to have the stem-form mard-; a "Qenya" genitive maren appears in the phrase hon-maren, q.v., suggesting that its stem is mar-. A possible convention could therefore be to use már (mar-) for "home, house" (also when = household, family as in Mardil, q.v.), whereas mar (mard-) is used for for "earth, world". Early "Qenya" has mar (mas-) "dwelling of men, the Earth, -land" (LT1:251); notice that in LotR-style Quenya, a word in -r cannot have a stem-form in -s-.

-wë

person

- a suffix occurring in many personal names, generally but not exclusively masculine (Elenwë is the sole certain example of a fem. name with this ending); it is derived from a stem simply meaning "person" (PM:340, WJ:399). In Etym, - is simply defined as an element that is frequent in masculine names, and it is there derived from a stem (WEG) having to do with "(manly) vigour".

-o

person, somebody

-o (2), also -ó, "a person, somebody", pronominal suffix (PM:340)

Ambarenya

middle-earth

Ambarenya, older [MET] Ambarendya place-name "Middle-earth" (but the more usual word is Endor, Endórë) (MBAR)

cemi

earth, soil, land

cemi noun "earth, soil, land"; Cémi ("k")"Mother Earth" (LT1:257; the "Qenya" word cemi would correspond to cemen in LotR-style Quenya)

nassë

person, an individual

nassë (1) "a person, an individual" (VT49:30). Also translated "true-being" (pl. nasser is attested), the inner "true" being of a person. With a pronominal suffix in the form nassentar "their true-being" (PE17:175, cf. -nta #2), in the source referring to the "true" spiritual nature of the Valar, as hidden within their visible shapes. The word nassentar would seem to be plural, *"their true-beings". Not to be confused with the verb nassë/násë "he/she is"; see #1.

Sindarin 

ennor

'Middle-earth'

topon. 'Middle-earth'. Poetic form ennorath. Q. Endor, Endóre. >> ennorath

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:26:121] < EN(ED) centre, middle+NDOR land. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

ennor

place name. Middle-earth

Sindarin equivalent of Endórë “Middle-earth”, derived from the same primitive form because in Sindarin [[s|[mb], [nd] became [mm], [nn]]] (LotR/1115).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the form N. Emerin appeared with the same translation but a completely different derivation (Ety/MBAR). In later writings, Tolkien generally derived S. Ennor from the root √ENED “centre, middle” (Let/384, PE17/26). He considered several alternate derivations, from √ENET or √HEN(ET) (VT41/16), but these reflected his uncertainty of the proper form of the root √ENED, not of S. Ennor itself.

Cognates

  • Q. Endórë “Middle-earth, (lit.) Middle Land” ✧ Let/384; LotR/1115; PE17/026; PE17/121; SA/dôr; MRI/Endor; SMI/Endor; VT41/16
  • T. Hendor “Middle-earth” ✧ VT41/16

Derivations

  • ENED “centre, middle; three” ✧ VT41/16

Element in

  • S. Ennorath “(All) the Middle-lands” ✧ Let/384; PE17/026; SA/dôr

Variations

  • ennor ✧ VT41/16 (ennor); VT41/16
Sindarin [Let/384; LotR/1115; MRI/Endor; PE17/026; PE17/121; SA/dôr; SMI/Endor; VT41/16] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ennorath

noun. central lands, middle-earth

Sindarin [LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72-75] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cae

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

Sindarin [Ety/363, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ceven

noun. Earth

Sindarin [VT/44:21,27] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ennor

middle-earth

Ennor, also in coll. pl. ennorath = lands of Middle-earth (RGEO, Letters:384). Apparently less usual is the term Emerain.

ennor

place name. central land, middle-earth

Sindarin [LotR/E, X/ND2] Published by

ennor

place name. middle land

*Roots EN(ED) ("centre, middle") + NDOR ("land")

Sindarin [Tolkien Gateway "Ennor"] Published by

ennor

middle-earth

also in coll. pl. ennorath = lands of Middle-earth (RGEO, Letters:384). Apparently less usual is the term Emerain.

amar

earth

(archaic Ambar), pl. Emair

bâr

earth

(dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

cae

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

cae

earth

(i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also

ceven

earth

1) ceven (i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23), 2) (world) Amar (archaic Ambar), pl. Emair; 3) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds. 4) (maybe ”earth” as substance) cae (i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also SOIL.

ceven

earth

(i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23)

Telerin 

hendor

place name. Middle-earth

Cognates

  • Q. Endórë “Middle-earth, (lit.) Middle Land” ✧ VT41/16
  • S. Ennor “Middle-earth” ✧ VT41/16

Adûnaic

dâira

noun. Earth

A noun translated as “Earth” in the final version of the Lament of Akallabêth (SD/247). It may be related to S. dôr “land”, as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynn (AAD/13).

Conceptual Development: In the Lament of Akallabêth (first draft), this noun appeared as kamāt (SD/311).

Element in

Variations

  • dāira ✧ SD/247

Primitive elvish

keme

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”

Variations

  • kĕmĕ ✧ PE21/80 (kĕmĕ)
Primitive elvish [PE21/80] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kemen

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”

Derivatives

  • Q. cemen “the earth; earth, the earth; earth, [ᴹQ.] soil”
  • S. cevenEarth, earth; Earth”
Primitive elvish [PE21/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. person

Derivatives

  • Q. mo “one, anyone, someone, somebody”

Element in

Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

amar

noun. earth

Noldorin [Ety/372] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amar

noun. Earth

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. Ambar “Earth, World” ✧ Ety/MBAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit” ✧ Ety/MBAR
    • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Element in

  • N. Emerin “Middle-earth” ✧ Ety/MBAR
  • N. Gondobar “Stone of the World” ✧ Ety/MBAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MBAR > ambar > amar[ambar] > [ambar] > [ammar] > [amar]✧ Ety/MBAR
Noldorin [Ety/MBAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ambar

noun. earth

Noldorin [Ety/372] Group: SINDICT. Published by

coe

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

Noldorin [Ety/363, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

coe

noun. earth

An indeclinable word given as {cíw >>} coe “earth” in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√KEM (Ety/KEM; EtyAC/KEM).

Possible Etymology: The primitive form of rejected cíw is given as ᴹ✶kēm and its derivation is clear: the long ē became ī and then the final m reduced to w after i as usual. The derivation of coe is more obscure, however. The likeliest explanation is that Tolkien imagined its ancient form with a slightly lowered vowel which he generally represented as ǣ in this period (in later writings as ę̄). According to the first version of the Tengwesta Qenderinwa and Comparative Vowel Tables from the 1930s (PE18/46; PE19/25), ǣ &gt; ei &gt; ai &gt; ae, and in The Etymologies itself, it seems ai often became oe instead of ae.

Neo-Sindarin: Updating the derivation of hypothetical ✱kę̄m would produced ᴺS. cae in Sindarin phonology. But given the obscurity of its derivation, I recommend using 1950s S. ceven for “earth” instead.

Changes

  • cíwcoe ✧ Ety/KEM

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. kemen “soil, earth; Great Lands” ✧ Ety/KEM

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth” ✧ Ety/KEM
  • ᴹ✶kēm “*earth” ✧ EtyAC/KEM
    • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth” ✧ Ety/KEM

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KEM > coe[kǣm] > [kaim] > [kai] > [koe]✧ Ety/KEM
ᴹ✶kēm > cíw[kēm] > [kīm] > [kīv] > [kīw]✧ EtyAC/KEM

Variations

  • cíw ✧ EtyAC/KEM (cíw)
Noldorin [Ety/KEM; EtyAC/KEM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

emerin

place name. Middle-earth

A Noldorin name for “Middle-earth” appearing in The Etymologies as a cognate of ᴹQ. Ambarenya (Ety/MBAR), apparently derived from the same primitive form ✱✶ambarenyā.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. Ambarenya “Middle-earth” ✧ Ety/MBAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit” ✧ Ety/MBAR
    • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MBAR > Emmerein > Emerin[ambarenjā] > [ambarenja] > [ambarenia] > [emberenia] > [embereni] > [emberein] > [emberein] > [emmerein] > [emerein] > [emerin]✧ Ety/MBAR
Noldorin [Ety/MBAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

enno

noun. person, *being

A word for “person” in Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s based on the existential verb ᴹQ. ea-, hence perhaps originally “✱being” (PE22/123). It may be specifically masculine, since Tolkien gave a distinct feminine form ᴹQ. ennie.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d use later (genderless) forms like quén “person” or námo “somebody” instead.

Element in

Qenya [PE22/123; PE22/124] Group: Eldamo. Published by

endor

place name. Middle-earth

Changes

  • EndorEndórë ✧ SMI/Endor

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
ende“centre, middle, core”
-ndor“-land”

Variations

  • Endon ✧ SMI/Endor
Qenya [Ety/ÉNED; Ety/NDOR; PE22/125; PE22/126; SD/056; SM/241; SMI/Endor] Group: Eldamo. Published by

endamar

place name. Middle-earth

Another name for “Middle-earth” appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as a compound of ende “middle” and mar “earth” (Ety/ÉNED, MBAR, NDOR).

Elements

WordGloss
ende“centre, middle, core”
mar“home, dwelling, house, habitation; earth”
Qenya [Ety/ÉNED; Ety/MBAR; Ety/NDOR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hún

noun. earth, earth, *ground

A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with stem form hun- and gloss “earth” (QL/39). It might be a later iteration of ᴱQ. han “ground, earth” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39), and if so then hún might also be used as “✱ground”. I think it is useful to assume so for purposes of Neo-Quenya, as the other attested word for “ground”, Q. talan, is probably used more often for “floor”, including floors above the ground level.

Variations

  • hun ✧ PE21/19
Qenya [PE21/19; PE21/24; PE21/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ambarenya

place name. Middle-earth

Name for Middle-earth appearing as ambar-endya in notes for Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/241), and also appearing as Ambarenya in The Etymologies, apparently a compound of Ambar “Earth” and enya “middle” (Ety/MBAR).

Cognates

  • N. Emerin “Middle-earth” ✧ Ety/MBAR

Elements

WordGloss
Ambar“Earth, World”
enya“middle, *central, middle”

Variations

  • ambar-endya ✧ SM/241
  • Ambar-endya ✧ SMI/Ambar-endya
Qenya [Ety/MBAR; SM/241; SMI/Ambar-endya] Group: Eldamo. Published by