(inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
Sindarin
ind
noun. some particular purpose or intention of an individual; heart, some particular purpose or intention of an individual; heart [metaphorical], [N.] inner thought, meaning
ind
mind
ind
mind
ind
inner thought
ind (mind, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. innath
ind
inner thought
ind (mind, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
ind
meaning
ind (inner thought, mind, heart), no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. innath
ind
heart
(inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
ind
meaning
(inner thought, mind, heart), no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. innath
ind
inner thought
(mind, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. innath
indram
noun. shock, (lit.) mind-blow
@@@ by Amarwain in the “Neologism of the Day” series on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) on 2023-04-10
lebdas
noun. index finger
tas
noun. index finger
úthaes
noun. inducement to do wrong, *temptation
emig
noun. index finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
lebdas
noun. index finger
tas
noun. index finger
úthaes
noun. inducement to do wrong, temptation
-we
suffix. person, being, individual, person, being, individual; [N.] masculine suffix
A name suffix in Sindarin, largely used in names adapted from Quenya, such as Manwe or Bronwe, the latter an adaptation of Q. Voronwë. However, the true cognate of the Quenya name suffix -wë is -u, as in S. Elu the later form of Elwë. This -u is not an active name suffix in Sindarin, though, and survives only in a few ancient names like Elu.
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s this suffix was G. -weg and was used broadly in names such as G. Manweg (GL/56) as well as an agental suffix in words like G. finweg “craftsman” (GL/35). This early version seems to be the suffixal form of G. gweg “man” (GL/44). The suffix was often paired with its feminine equivalent G. -win such as G. gothweg “warrior” vs. G. gothwin “amazon” (GL/42), or G. faronweg vs. G. faronwin for a male and female “foreigner” (GL/34).
In The Etymologies of the 1930s this suffix became N. -we derived from primitive ᴹ✶-wego under the root ᴹ√WEG “(manly) vigour”, which in Noldorin was distinct in origin from ᴹQ. -we which was (mostly) based on an ancient abstract suffix ᴹ✶-wē (Ety/WEG). Pure Quenya names like Finwe retained their form when used in Noldorin, but there were also some native Noldorin names with this suffix such as N. Bronwe < ON. Bronwega.
Tolkien revisited this suffix in various notes from the late 1950s and gave it a similar origin, with the caveat that all of the “native” names from the stories had become adaptations from Quenya. As Tolkien described it in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957:
> In Sindarin adoption of Quenya names (as Voronwe > Bronweg) -we was sometimes used to represent -we, which historically had become w or u (as in Elu = Elwe). But this S -we is of distinct origin, √WEG-, live, be active. Hence ✱wego(n), living creature: Q weo, veo, S gwê. Cf. ✱weg-tē, activity, occupation (PE17/189).
In an earlier but rejected version of this note, Tolkien instead gave the root form as √WEK with Sindarin suffix -weg, perhaps a brief flirtation with restoring the Gnomish form of the suffix (PE17/190).
inn
noun. some particular purpose or intention of an individual
nidh-
verb. will, mean to, have a mind to
nobad
noun. the pair of fingers composed of the thumb and the index (grouped together as in the act of picking something)
lebdas
index finger
lebdas, pl. lebdais, coll. pl. lebdassath (VT48:5). In childrens play also called emig ”little mother” (VT48:6, 17). Nobad, the dual form of naub ”thumb”, is used of the thumb and the index grouped together in the act of picking something (VT48:5, 6)
î
interjection. indeed
idhr
id
> idhor as the later forms.)
fanwos Speculative
noun. mind-picture (of apparition in dream)
tana-
verb. to show, indicate, point out
caetha-
verb. to make to do or be, cause, compel, induce, bring about
gûr
inner mind
(i ’ûr, construct gur) (heart), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11)
leber
noun. finger
The Sindarin word for “finger”, derived from primitive ✶leper and based on the root √LEP “pick up” (VT47/10; VT48/5).
Conceptual Development: Tolkien used various Elvish words for “finger” over his life, but most were based on the root √LEP. The Gnomish Grammar and Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. leptha “finger” (GG/13; GL/53), clearly derived from the early root ᴱ√LEPE that was the basis for contemporaneous Qenya finger words (QL/53). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it was ᴱN. lhê “finger”, derived from primitive ᴱ✶lept- (PE13/148). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was N. lhebed “finger” based on the root ᴹ√LEPET of the same meaning (Ety/LEP). In drafts of the 1968 notes mentioned above, Tolkien had S. lebed “finger” (VT47/27), but this was replaced by leber in the finished versions (VT47/23-24 note #30).
anfang
proper name. Longbeard
The Dwarvish tribe of northwestern Middle-earth, also known as Durin’s Folk (PM/321). The name translates as “Longbeard”, a compound of and “long” and fang “beard” (PM/321). The name also appears in its plural form Enfeng and its class-plural Anfangrim (PM/321, WJ/10).
Conceptual Development: In the Lost Tales and the earliest Silmarillion drafts this tribe was called the G. Indrafang (LT2/68, SM/104). In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the variant form G. Surfang or Fangsur also appeared (GL/68). The name was later changed to N. Enfeng (plural) in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/274), and the singular form N. An(d)fang appeared in The Etymologies (Ety/ÁNAD, SPÁNAG).
The name S. Enfeng appeared in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/10, 75), but did not appear in the published version of The Silmarillion. The name was referenced in some notes to Tolkien’s essay “Of Dwarves and Men”, composed around 1969, along with Khuzdul and Quenya translations (PM/321).
bess
noun. wife, wife; [N.] woman
A word for “wife” appearing in the King’s Letter written towards the end of the 1940s (SD/129).
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. bess “wife” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where it was a derivative of the early root ᴱ√Beđ (GL/22). In Early Noldorin Word-lists, Tolkien changed ᴱN. {bess >>} gweth “wife” based on the modified root ᴱ√wed- (PE13/139, 146); it also had a negated form ᴱN. urweth “without wife” (PE13/156). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien restored N. bess, now a derivative of the root ᴹ√BES “wed” (Ety/BES). However in that document the sense “†wife” was archaic, and it has come to mean “woman” in modern speech, replacing archaic N. †dî “woman” (Ety/BES, NDIS, NĪ¹). In the scenario of The Etymologies, the normal word for “wife” was herves (Ety/BES, KHER). However, in the late-1940s King’s Letter, it seems the sense “wife” was restored to bess.
At some point in the mid-to-late 1960s, Tolkien changed the root for marriage words from ᴹ√BES to √BER (VT49/45), apparently motivated by a need to deal with some etymological problems with the name S. Elbereth. Indeed, in The Road Goes Ever On from 1967, Tolkien said S. bereth meant “spouse”, also “used of one who is queen as spouse of a king” (RGEO/66). This calls into question the continued validity of bess from ᴹ√BES.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer to retain the root ᴹ√BES for marriage word; see that entry for further details. I’d therefore keep bess, but I recommend using it only in the sense “wife”. For “woman” I’d use dî, much as I recommend using S. dîr for “man” over N. benn, which had similar conceptual developments.
e
pronoun. he
The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes or the will of the King
emel
noun. mother
A word for “mother” in notes on Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, along with a diminutive form emelig (VT48/17 note #13). These forms were struck through and replaced by emig as the proper diminutive form from the root √EM (VT48/6), but that doesn’t necessarily invalidate emel = “mother”, which appeared elsewhere as (probably primitive) emel, emer in rough versions of these notes (VT48/19 note #16). These Sindarin forms are unusual in that the medial m did not become v, which means the primitive form was likely based on ✱emm- as suggested by Patrick Wynne (VT48/17 note #14).
Conceptual Development: G. amil “mother” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s along with rejected forms {anwin, amril} and an archaic variant †amaith (GL/19). The forms {emaith >>} amaith appeared unglossed in Gnomish Lexicon Slips revising that document (PE13/109). In The Etymologies of the 1930s there was a form N. †emil for “mother” under the root ᴹ√AM of the same meaning, but Tolkien said this word was archaic, apparently replaced by N. naneth (Ety/AM¹; EtyAC/AM¹). With N. emil, the a became e via i-affection, but the medial m failing to become v requires an explanation similar to that of 1960s S. emel.
Neo-Sindarin: I generally prefer derivatives of the earlier root √AM for “mother” words in Quenya, but in the case of Sindarin, I find emel and emig from √EM to be better and more widely accepted.
hûn
heart
1) (physical heart) hûn (i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin), 2) (inner mind) gûr (i **ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11). 3) ind (inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath. 4) nest (core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû**- apparently meaning ”heart”..
and
long
(adjective) and (pl. aind),
and
long
(pl. aind)
andaith
long mark
(no distinct pl. form). The word refers to an accent-like mark used to indicate long vowels in Tengwar modes that employ separate vowel letters, like the Mode of Beleriand.
e
he
1) e (SD:128-31), 2) ho, hon, hono. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)
emig
little mother
(no distinct pl. form except with article: in emig). Also used (in children’s play) as a name for the index finger (VT48:6, 17)
ha
it
ha, han, hana. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)
ha
it
han, hana. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)*
ho
he
hon, hono. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)*
leber
finger
leber (pl. lebir) (VT47:10, 23, 24; VT48:5). This may replace ”Noldorin” lhebed, which we would otherwise update to Sindarin as lebed. For names of specific fingers, see INDEX FINGER, LITTLE FINGER, MIDDLE FINGER, RING FINGER, THUMB.
nand
wide grassland
(construct nan) (valley), pl. naind, coll. pl. **nannath **(VT45:36);
pen
cardinal. one
(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
pen
one
(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
tann
sign
1) (etymologically ”something shown/indicated”) tann (i dann), construct tan, pl. tain (i thain) (MR:185); 2) têw (i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (letter, tengwa), pl. tîw (i **thîw), coll. pl. téwath**;
-u
suffix. a person or being
nidh-
verb. to will
têw
noun. letter
-en
suffix. my
anann
adverb. long
adv. long. Cuio i Pheriain anann 'May the Halflings live long'.
and
adjective. long
adj. long. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'. >> ann
ann
adjective. long
adj. long. Rare except in old names (e.g. Anduin). >> and
gwein
adjective. young
adj. young. Q. vinya. >> gwîn
tew
letter
(dew), pl1. tiw _ n. _letter. tew << têw; tiw << tîw. >> téw
anann
adverb. long, for a long time
and
adjective. long
and
adjective. long
ann
adjective. long
dor
noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live
The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor
dôr
noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live
The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor
dôr
noun. land, land, [N.] region where certain people live, [ᴱN.] country; [G.] people of the land
e
pronoun. he
emel
noun. mother
emig
noun. "litte mother"
emmel
noun. mother
eneth
noun. name
esta-
verb. to name
guren
noun. my heart
gwein
adjective. young
gûr
noun. heart (in the moral sense), counsel
inn
noun. purpose, intention
innas
noun. will
lebed
noun. finger
Tolkien later seems to have replaced this form by leber
lebenedh
noun. middle finger
lebent
noun. ring finger
leber
noun. finger
lebig
noun. little finger
lin
adjective. thy (reverential)
lín
adjective. thy (reverential)
min
fraction. one (first of a series)
min
cardinal. one, one, [G.] single
mîn
fraction. one (first of a series)
na-
verb. to be
neitha-
verb. to wrong, to deprive
niged
noun. little finger
nín
adjective. my
The acute accent in nín has sometimes been regarded as an error for a slanted macron in the manuscript, since all the other attested personal adjectives from Sauron defeated all have a circumflex accent. It was however noted that if the acute accent is confirmed, then this word is probably an enclitic, see HL/73. The acute accent is now confirmed by VT/44
nín
pronoun. my
pen
pronoun. one, somebody, anybody
Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2
sennas
noun. guesthouse
taen
noun. sign
ten
pronoun. (?) it (as object)
têw
noun. letter, written sign
adab
house
(building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb.
ammen
for us
ammen (to us).
anann
long
(adverb, = "for a long time") anann
anann
long
anfang
longbeard
pl. Enfeng, coll. pl. Anfangrim (WJ:10, 108, 205)
anfang
longbeard
(a member of a certain tribe of Dwarves) Anfang, pl. Enfeng, coll. pl. Anfangrim (WJ:10, 108, 205)
angerthas
long rune-row
(and + certhas).
annabon
long-snouted one
pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath. (Archaic form andabon.)
bess
wife
(i vess, construct bes) (woman), pl. biss (i miss). The word bess was later used = ”woman” (in general).
brûn
long endured/established/in use
(old), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin;
bâr
house
bâr (dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
bâr
house
(dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
bâr
land
(dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
car
house
(building, dwelling-place) 1) car or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity. 2) adab (building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb. 3)
car
house
or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity.
caun
clamour
caun (i gaun, o chaun) (outcry, cry, shout), pl. coen (i choen), coll. pl. conath, the latter often used = "lamentation" (PM:345, 362). Note: a homophone of caun means "valour".
caun
clamour
(i gaun, o chaun) (outcry, cry, shout), pl. coen (i choen), coll. pl. conath, the latter often used = "lamentation" (PM:345, 362). Note: a homophone of caun means "valour".
dess
young woman
(i ness, o ndess, constuct des), pl. diss (i ndiss)
díneth
bride
(i níneth, o ndineth), pl. dínith (i ndínith)
dî
bride
1) dî (i nî, o ndi) (lady), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndî), 2) díneth (i níneth, o ndineth), pl. dínith (i ndínith)
dî
bride
(i nî, o ndi) (lady), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndî)
dôr
land
1) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413), 2) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
dôr
land
(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413)
e
he
(SD:128-31)
eneth
name
(noun) eneth (pl. enith)
eneth
name
(pl. enith)
ennin
long year
. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.
eru
the one
isolated from
ess
noun. name
esta
name
(verb.) esta- (call) (i esta, in estar)
esta
name
(call) (i esta, in estar)
estel
purpose
(noun, ”steady purpose”) estel (hope, trust), pl. estil
estel
purpose
(hope, trust), pl. estil
fae
soul
fae (spirit, radiance). No distinct pl. form.: No general word for ”sound” is attested, but there are the following terms:
fae
soul
(spirit, radiance). No distinct pl. form.
gobel
village
(i ’obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. ✱göbil.
gûr
heart
(i ’ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11).
herves
wife
1) herves (i cherves, o cherves), pl. hervis (i chervis), coll. pl. hervessath, 2) archaic bess (i vess, construct bes) (woman), pl. biss (i miss). The word bess was later used = ”woman” (in general).
herves
wife
(i cherves, o cherves), pl. hervis (i chervis), coll. pl. hervessath
hûn
heart
(i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin)
idhor
thoughtfulness
. (Correction of idher in LR:361 s.v.
idhren
thoughtful
(pondering, wise), pl. idhrin;
innas
will
(noun) innas, pl. innais (VT44:23)
innas
will
pl. innais (VT44:23)
lín
thy
lín
lín
thy
meithas
noun. meaning
min
cardinal. one
1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)
min
one
mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.
naneth
mother
naneth (pl. nenith). Hypocoristic form (”mom”) nana, pl. nenai (but this word is probably rarely pluralized). In a higher style also †emil. No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emillath. Variant form emel (pl. emil), also spelt emmel (pl. emmil). (VT48:17)
naneth
mother
(pl. nenith). Hypocoristic form (”mom”) nana, pl. nenai (but this word is probably rarely pluralized). In a higher style also †emil. No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emillath. Variant form emel (pl. emil), also spelt emmel (pl. emmil). (VT48:17)
nauth
thought
nauth (pl. noeth, coll. pl. nothath);
nauth
thought
(pl. noeth, coll. pl. nothath);
neitha
wrong
(verb) #neitha- (i neitha, in neithar) (deprive). Isolated from Neithan ”Wronged” (as participle/derived noun)
neitha
wrong
(i neitha, in neithar) (deprive). Isolated from Neithan ”Wronged” (as participle/derived noun)
nest
heart
(core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû- apparently meaning ”heart”..
neth
young
neth (pl. nith). A homophone is the noun ”sister, girl”.
neth
young
(pl. nith). A homophone is the noun ”sister, girl”.
neth
nessa
Neth, also called Díneth ”the young bride” (na Nineth)
neth
nessa
also called Díneth ”the young bride” (na Nineth)
noss
house
(family) 1) noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan), 2) nost (pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360), 3) nothrim (family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)
noss
house
(construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan)
nost
house
(pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360)
nothrim
house
(family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)
nín
my
nín (following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).
nín
my
(following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. – In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).
parth
enclosed grassland
(i barth, o pharth) (field, sward), pl. perth (i pherth);
penia
fix
penia- (i benia, i pheniar) (set);
penia
fix
(i benia, i pheniar) (set);
pân
fixed board in a floor
(i bân, o phân, construct pan) (plank), pl. pain (i phain). Not to be confused with the adj. ✱pân ”all”.
sennas
guesthouse
(i hennas), pl. sennais (i sennais), coll. pl. sennassath (RC:523)
taen
thin
(lenited daen, no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”height, summit of high mountain”.
tann
sign
(i dann), construct tan, pl. tain (i thain)** **(MR:185)
teitha
draw
teitha- (i deitha, i theithar) (write)
teitha
draw
(i deitha, i theithar) (write)
thel
will
(vb.) ?thel- (intend, mean, purpose, resolve)
thel
will
(intend, mean, purpose, resolve)
thel
purpose
(verb) ?thel- (intend, mean, resolve, will);
thel
purpose
(intend, mean, resolve, will);
thelion
one who purposes
(pl. thelyn, coll. pl. thelionnath)
têw
sign
(i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (letter, tengwa), pl. tîw (i thîw), coll. pl. téwath
têw
letter
têw (i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (sign, tengwa), pl. tîw (i **thîw), coll. pl. téwath**
têw
letter
(i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (sign, tengwa), pl. tîw (i thîw), coll. pl. téwath
êr
one
whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)
ind (inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.