conj. and. a/adh before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. >> a, ada, adh
Sindarin
and
adjective. long
and
adjective. long
and
adjective. long
ad
conjunction. and
brand
towering; tall and massive
1 _ adj. _towering; tall and massive. >> brann
brand
adjective. towering; tall and massive, towering, tall and massive, [N.] high; lofty, noble, fine
-and
used in place names
pl1. -end _ suff. _used in place names. >> -iand
and
noun. gate, door
and
long
(adjective) and (pl. aind),
and
gate
!and (door), pl. aind, coll. pl. annath. Note that and is more commonly the adj. "long".
and
gate
(door), pl. aind, coll. pl. annath. Note that and is more commonly the adj. "long".
and
long
(pl. aind)
a
and
a
and
conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145.
a
conjunction. and
conj. and. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. Q. ar
ada
conjunction. and
Ídh
and
Ídh
and
{ð} conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145.
Ídh
and
{ð}_ conj. _and. It was not mutated before vowels. >> a
a
conjunction. and
See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel
adh
conjunction. and
ah
conjunction. and
ar
conjunction. and
See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel
ar
conjunction. and, and, [G.] too, besides
a
conjunction. and; †by, near, beside
In The Lord of the Rings, the Sindarin conjuction for “and” was a, as seen in the famous phrase from the Moria Gate Inscription: pedo mellon a minno “speak, friend, and enter” (LotR/305).
Conceptual Development: In Tolkien’s earlier writings, the word for “and” was usually ar, consistent with the usual Quenya form of this word: Q. ar. The first appearance of this form of the word was in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, which had G. ar “and, too” (GL/20). This version of “and” appeared in numerous phrases from the 1920s-50s, that latest being the Sindarin version of the Lord’s Prayer: Ae Adar Nín from the mid-1950s (VT44/21).
In Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s, however, Tolkien introduced a “and” in the initial versions of the gate inscription (TI/182). He gradually transitioned to the a version over the next few years.
Possible Etymologies: It is not obvious what Tolkien intended the etymology of S. a “and” to be when he first introduced it. He did revisit the question in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s, where he considered two primitive forms: ✶as(a) and ✶ad(a) (PE17/41). In both cases, the consonant of the primitive word would vanish if the following word began with a consonant, either as > ah > a or ad > að > a. However, there would be remnants of the primitive consonant before words beginning with a vowel, such as ah Edhel or að Edhel “and an Elf”. This is similar to how the English indefinite article “a” is “a” before a consonant but “an” before a vowel.
In the previously mentioned note Tolkien eventually settled on a(ð), and this was also the etymology of “and” in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 (PE17/145). In writings elsewhere Tolkien seems to have used a(h). For example, ah appeared in the phrase Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth “The Debate of Finrod and Andreth” written around 1959 (MR/329). In notes from 1968, Tolkien had Common Eldarin as “and” producing S. ah which became a before consonants (VT43/30).
Possible Mutations: In notes from 1969, Tolkien said that conjunctions like “and, or” induced mutation in Sindarin (PE23/142). The exact mutation would depend on the etymology of the word. The a(ð)-variant would induce stop mutation and the a(h)-variant would induce sibilant mutation, as described in Tolkien’s notes on the etymology of this word mentioned above (PE17/41).
One complication for the etymology of a was the phrase Daur a Berhael, Conin en Annûn “Frodo and Sam, princes of the west” (LotR/953). Here the name Perhael “Samwise” clearly undergoes soft mutation. Tolkien noticed this in his notes on the phrase, saying: “a·Berhael. ‘And’ cannot therefore be [derived from] arĭ! aŋa. ā̆. {an >>} ŋ̃a [and later in the same context] ‘And’ ad(a). Q ar. N [sic., should be S] a(ð). a, að before vowel. with soft mutation” (PE17/102).
However, there are no signs of soft mutation after a in other phrases like pedo mellon a minno [rather than vinno] (LotR/305) or si loth a galadh lasto dîn [rather than ’aladh] (LB/354). The earlier ar-variant also seems not to have induced mutation in some documents, such as the King’s Letter [ar Hîr; ar Meril] (SD/128) or Ae Adar Nín [ar díheno] (VT44/21, 28-29).
In the previously mentioned notes on Daur a Berhael, Tolkien seems to have considered another explanation where Daur “Frodo” was also a mutation, with an unmutated form Taur (PE17/102). If so, it may be that the mutations in Daur a Berhael are the result of some other grammatical operation rather than the normal mutation of a “and”.
Other than Daur a Berhael, the only clear example of consonant mutation after the conjunction “and” is ar·phent Rían... “✱and Rían said” from the Túrin Wrapper from the early 1950s (VT50/5). This seems to be an example of liquid mutation for the ar-version of this word.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer the a(h)-variant for Sindarin “and”, with sibilant mutation before consonants and ah before vowels. This variant appears in notes from 1968 (VT43/30) and the sibilant mutation occurs only before words beginning with p, t, c, h (→ ph, th, ch, ch) and l, r (→ lh, rh). That means conflict with unmutated examples is minimized. In earlier versions of Eldamo I recommended ignoring mutation entirely for a(h), but since PE23 made it clear that conjunctions induce mutation I now recommend the “least disruptive” mutation: sibilant mutation.
This means a separate explanation is required for Daur a Berhael. For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I assume that soft mutation is used as a marker for Sindarin direct objects, even when those objects do not immediately follow the verb. Thus I assume Daur a Berhael are soft mutations of Taur “Frodo” and Perhael “Samwise” because they are the objects of the verb eglorio “glorify” in the phrase Daur a Berhael, Conin en Annûn, eglerio “Frodo and Sam, princes of the west, glorify (them)”.
Bear in mind that this system is based on a very small number of examples, and could be overturned by new publications.
dor-cúarthol
place name. Land of Bow and Helm
pirin
noun. flower that opened and shut quickly with any change of light
A word in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 for a “flower that opened and shut quickly with any change of light” based on √PIRI “blink” (PE17/146). This flower name was part of an attempt by Tolkien to come up with a new etymology for S. alfirin after he decided that √LA was not a negative element, so that alfirin could no longer mean “immortelle”.
lothlann
place name. Wide and Empty
A great plain in northeast Beleriand translated “Wide and Empty” (S/123). This name is a combination of lost “empty” and land “wide” (Ety/LAD, LUS), where the [[s|[st] became [s] before a consonant]] and then the [[s|medial [s] became [θ] before [l]]].
Conceptual Development: This name first appeared as N. Lothland “Wide and Empty” in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/264), but in The Etymologies it also appeared as N. Lhothlann or Lhothlann, reflecting the Noldorin phonetic rule that [[n|initial [r-], [l-] were unvoiced]]. In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, the name Lothlann was used for the region south of Mordor along with variant N. Lostladen (TI/313, WR/426), but this use of the name was later abandoned.
Gondolin
A blend of Noldorin-Quenya and Sindarin
_topon. _A blend of Noldorin-Quenya and Sindarin. Tolkien notes that "it is obviously neither Sindarin nor Noldorin" (PE17:29).
ah
preposition/conjunction. and, with
The title Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth is translated as "converse of Finrod and Andreth", but some scholars actually believe this word to be unrelated with the conjunction a.1 , ar "and", and they render it as "with". Other scholars consider that "and" and "with" (in the comitative sense) are not exclusive of each other, and regard ah as the form taken by this conjunction before a vowel. That a, ar and ah are etymologically related has finally been confirmed in VT/43:29-30. Compare also with Welsh, where the coordination "and" also takes different forms whether it occurs before a vowel or a consonant (respectively ac and a). In written Welsh, a often triggers the aspirate mutation: bara a chaws "bread and cheese". This usage is seldom applied in colloquial Welsh (Modern Welsh §510)
ann-
prefix. long and far
_ pref. _long and far. Only preserved in certain compounds, owing to competition with ann 'gift' and ann(on) 'gate'.
athra
adverb. to and fro; cross to and fro
adv. to and fro; cross to and fro (as a river ford). . This gloss was rejected.
fain
white and shining
grond
adjective. very weighty and ponderous
adj. very weighty and ponderous. >> gronn
grond
noun. 'very weighty and ponderous'
gronn
adjective. very weighty and ponderous
gwaith
noun. a 'people' associated by place and occupation
gûl
evil and necromantic arts
_n. _evil and necromantic arts, black arts, sorcery. A loan from B.S. Tolkien notes that "gūl in B.S. is probably from S.". Q. ñūle.
iarwain ben-adar
masculine name. Oldest and Fatherless
nor-
verb. run (of men and animals using legs : not of fluids
andaith
long mark
(no distinct pl. form). The word refers to an accent-like mark used to indicate long vowels in Tengwar modes that employ separate vowel letters, like the Mode of Beleriand.
aran gondor ar arnor ar hîr i mbair annui
king of Gondor and Arnor and Lord of the Westlands
athra-
verb. to cross (to and fro)
pedo mellon a minno
speak, friend, and enter; (alternately) say ‘friend’ and enter
alfirin
noun/adjective. name of a flower, bell-like and running through many soft and gentle colours
ann-thennath
noun. a verse mode, lit. "long-shorts" (alternance of long and short vowels, or rather alternance of long and short verse units, possibly of masculine and feminine rhymes)
The word is not translated by Tolkien. Refer to Tolkien's Legendarium p. 115 for a discussion of its probable meaning
ar iorhael, gelir, cordof, ar baravorn, ionnath dîn
and Frodo, Merry, Pippin and Hamfast his sons
@@@ should be revised to use v3 of the letter from AotM
ar meril bess dîn, ar elanor, meril, glorfinniel, ar eirien sellath dîn
and Rose his wife; and Elanor, Rose, Goldilocks and Daisy his daughters
@@@ should be revised to use v3 of the letter from AotM
arphent
noun. "and (he/she) said"
estel
noun. hope, trust, a temper of mind, steady fixed in purpose, and difficult to dissuade and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its purpose
ithildin
noun. a silver-colored substance, which mirrors only starlight and moonlight
minas
noun. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower
palan-
adverb. afar, abroad, far and wide
plad
noun. palm, flat of the hand, hand held upwards or forwards, flat and tensed (with fingers and thumb closed or spread)
ulunn
noun. monster, deformed and hideous creature
nand
wide grassland
(construct nan) (valley), pl. naind, coll. pl. **nannath **(VT45:36);
nand
valley
1) nand (construct nan) (wide grassland, land at the foot of hills with many streams), pl. naind, coll. pl. nannath (VT45:36), 2) lâd (lowland, plain), construct lad, pl. laid, 3) (long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise) imrath (pl. imraith).
nand
valley
(construct nan) (wide grassland, land at the foot of hills with many streams), pl. naind, coll. pl. **nannath **(VT45:36)
-ian(d)
suffix. -land, country
A suffix meaning “-land” or “country” appearing often in the names of regions and countries along with its plural variant -ien(d) “-lands”, mentioned in a number of places in Tolkien’s later writings (Let/383; UT/318). In notes from the late 1950s Tolkien derived it from primitive ✶yandē “a wide region or country” from the root √YAN “wide”, which replaced another root √YON of similar meaning (PE17/42-43). In notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s, Tolkien connected it instead to an apparent adjective S. iand “wide”, still derived from √YAN (PE17/115).
Conceptual Development: This suffix seems to have first appeared in ᴱN. Broseliand in the Lays of Beleriand of the 1920s, precursor to the name S. Beleriand and almost certainly inspired by the legendary medieval French forest Brocéliande. Tolkien used this suffix widely in names starting with Lord of the Rings drafts, but it seems he did not develop a clear etymology for the suffix until quite late. Tolkien himself mentioned the connection between this suffix and the French name Brocéliande in a 1967 letter (Let/383). It is thus an interesting case study in how Tolkien would gradually integrate elements inspired by real-world languages into his Elvish corpus.
balannor
place name. Land of the Valar
Sindarin cognate of Q. Valinórë (PE17/26), a compound of BAL “power” (basis for S. Balan “Vala”) with S. dôr “land”.
Conceptual Development: The first cognates of ᴱQ. Valinor appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s: (rejected) G. Dor Banion and G. Gwalien (GL/21, LT2A/Valar). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, the cognate was N. Balannor (Ety/BAL), and this is the source of the derivation given above.
In a letter from 1972, Tolkien stated that Belain (plural of Balan) was not a word in Sindarin (Let/427). Furthermore, in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, he changed the Sindarin name for the “Annals of Valinor” from N. Inias Valannor to S. Ínias Dor-Rodyn (MR/200). It is possible that Tolkien decided that the normal Sindarin word for the Vala was S. Rodon, so that S. Dor-Rodyn was the equivalent of Valinor.
dor
noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live
The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor
dôr
noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live
The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor
dôr
noun. land, land, [N.] region where certain people live, [ᴱN.] country; [G.] people of the land
camlann
noun. palm of hand
talf
noun. palm of hand
a
and
a, or ah when the next word begins in a vowel: Finrod ah Andreth, Finrod and Andreth. In some sources, Tolkien uses ar as the conjunction "and", but a(h) would seem to be the proper Sindarin form.
a
and
or ah when the next word begins in a vowel: Finrod ah Andreth, Finrod and Andreth. In some sources, Tolkien uses ar as the conjunction "and", but a(h) would seem to be the proper Sindarin form.
tuilu-
verb. to bud, open (of flowers and leaves)
ulunn
deformed and hideous creature
*ulunn (monster), pl. ylynn. (The archaic form ulund and the later form ulun is cited in LR:396 s.v. Ú
ulunn
deformed and hideous creature
*ulunn (monster), pl. ylynn. (The archaic form ulund and the later form ulun is cited in LR:396 s.v. Ú _(see also
fanuilos
proper name. Bright (Angelic) Figure upon Uilos
A title of Elbereth appearing in the poem A Elbereth Gilthoniel (LotR/238) and Sam’s related invocation for her aid (LotR/729). This name is a combination of the elements fân “cloud; bright thing”, ui “ever” and loss “snow, snow-white”.
Possible Etymology: In his notes in the song-cycle The Road Goes Ever On, Tolkien translated the name as “bright spirit clothed in ever-white” (RGEO/63), but elsewhere his translation referred to the mountain Uilos: “Figure (bright and majestic) upon Uilos” (PE17/26) or to snow: “Bright angelic figure ever-white (as snow)” (PE17/180). No doubt the final element of this name at least alluded to the snowy mountain of Valinor where Elbereth made her home.
The initial element fân is similarly complicated to translate. In ordinary Sindarin speech the word had come to mean “cloud”, but its meaning was also influenced by Q. fana “(radiant) figure”, a term used for the bodily forms assumed by the Valar (RGEO/66, PE/173-6). It is this second meaning that applies to this name.
galadh
noun. tree
The basic Sindarin word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates back at least to The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. galadh “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD (Ety/GALAD). See also orn “(tall) tree” of similar meaning.
Conceptual Development: Gnomish of the 1910s had some earlier version of this “tree” word: G. galdon >> alwen “tree” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) and archaic/poetic G. †alwen “tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), the latter probably from the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” that was the basis for ᴱQ. alda “tree” (QL/29).
tuila-
verb. to bud, open (of flowers and leaves)
gochest
noun. brother and brother, brother and sister, etc., *a set of siblings
graug
powerful, hostile and terrible creature
(demon) graug (i **raug), pl. groeg (in groeg), coll. pl. grogath** (WJ:415)
graug
powerful, hostile and terrible creature
graug (i **raug), pl. groeg (in groeg), coll. pl. grogath**_ (WJ:415) _See DEMON.
graug
hostile, powerful and terrible creature
graug (i **raug), pl. groeg (in groeg), coll. pl. grogath** (WJ:415). See DEMON.
graug
terrible, hostile and powerful creature
graug (i **raug), pl. groeg (in groeg), coll. pl. grogath** (WJ:415). See DEMON.
heria
begin suddenly and vigorously
heria- (i cheria, i cheriar) (have an impulse, be compelled to do something, set vigorously out to do) (VT45:22)
heria
begin suddenly and vigorously
heria- (i cheria, i cheriar) (have an impulse, be compelled to do something, set vigorously out to do) (VT45:22).
host
hundred and forty-four
host (i chost, o chost) (gross), pl. hyst (i chyst)
taen
long (and thin)
taen (lenited daen, no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”height, summit of high mountain”.
taen
long (and thin)
taen (lenited daen, no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”height, summit of high mountain”.
ulunn
noun. monster, deformed and hideous creature
ann
noun. gift
The most commonly accepted Sindarin word for “gift” is S. ann, equivalent to Quenya Q. anna “gift”, both derived from ✶annā based on the root √ANA “towards” (PE17/90). It was also an element in the names Melian “Dear Gift” (SA/mel) and Rían “Crown Gift” (Ety/RIG). However, Tolkien experimented with a variety of other forms throughout his life.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. ôn “gift” related to the verb G. antha- “give” (GL/19, 62), both based on the early root ᴱ√ANA “give, send towards” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/31). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. {ann >>} ant “gift” under the root ᴹ√ANA “to, towards” (Ety/ANA¹; EtyAC/ANA¹). S. ann “gift” < ✶annā appeared in notes from around 1967 (PE17/90). In Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 Tolkien had S. anw as the equivalent of Q. anwa “gift” (PE22/163), perhaps derived from ✱(h)an-mā.
-m
suffix. we
1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -mmo.See paradigm PE17:132.
-nc
suffix. we
1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -lmo.See paradigm PE17:132. >> -ngid
ann
adjective. long
adj. long. Rare except in old names (e.g. Anduin). >> and
balrog
demon
n. (mighty) demon. A word made in ancient S. for the spirits (of 'māyan' origin) corrupted to his service by Melkor in the days outside Arda, before the coming of the Elves and the assault uopon Utumno. Q. pl1. Valaraucar. In a draft, Tolkien presented the Balrogs as of "Valar or Maian origin" (PE17:48). >> raug
brann
towering
_ adj. _towering, tall and massive. >> brand
celeb
noun. silver
The word celeb was the word for “silver” in Sindarin and its conceptual precursors throughout Tolkien’s life.
Conceptual Development: G. celeb “silver” appeared all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where it was related to the early root ᴱ√TELEPE of the same meaning (GL/25; QL/91). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s ᴱN. celeb was derived instead from ᴱ✶kelekwé with the sound change of primitive kw to p and later to b (PE13/140), though in that same document he considered (but rejected) ᴱ✶t’lépe > ᴱN. tlub “silver” (PE13/154). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien introduced a new root ᴹ√KYELEP “silver” to be the basis of N. celeb, with the sound change whereby intial ky became k (c) (Ety/KYELEP). This sound change continued to be a feature of Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, and Tolkien retained this derivation going forward.
dail
adjective. delicate
adj. delicate, beautiful and fine, slender. Q. lelya.
deil
adjective. delicate
adj. delicate, beautiful and fine, slender. Q. lelya. >> dail
denethor
masculine name. Denethor
The 10th and also the 26th (and last) of the ruling stewards of Gondor (LotR/1039), possibly derived from the name of the Nandorin Elf Denethor. Its meaning (if any) as a Sindarin name is unclear; the elements of the Nandorin name do not have any clear Sindarin cognates.
Conceptual Development: The name of the last ruling steward was N. Denethor when he first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/375).
galadh
tree
_n. Bot._tree, like oak (nordh) and beech. A galadh was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn
galadh
tree
{ð} n. tree. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn
gothmog
masculine name. Gothmog
Lord of the Balrogs (S/107) and one of the Nazgûls (LotR/846), this name is a derivation of the roots ᴹ√GOTH “dread” and ᴹ√MBAW “oppress” (Ety/GOS, MBAW).
Conceptual Development: The name G. Gothmog “Strife-and-hatred” dates back to the earliest Lost Tales, where he was the son of Melko(r) (LT2/67). In the Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, N. Gothmog became the Lord of the Balrogs (LR/117), and in The Etymologies his name was given the derivation described above (Ety/GOS, MBAW). At one point Tolkien considered making it an Orc name meaning “Voice of Goth” (LR/406), but there is no indication this was anything other than a transient idea.
im
noun. valley, valley; [N.] dell, deep vale
An archaic element meaning “valley” that survived only in compounds, a derivation of ✶imbi “between” (VT47/14). The basic sense “valley” was transferred to its more elaborate form imlad as in Imladris “Rivendell”, and †im “valley” fell out of use due to its conflicted with other words like the reflexive pronoun im.
Conceptual Development: N. imm “dell, deep vale” was mentioned in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√IMBE, alongside its elaboration N. imlad of the same meaning (Ety/IMBE).
linnod
noun. (?) a single verse used as a maxim
The word is not translated by Tolkien. The first meaning assumes that -od is a singulative affix (cf. filigod ). The second meaning is proposed by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in Tolkien's Legendarium p. 132, based on the metrical characteristics of Gilraen's linnod
linnod
noun. (?) a chant of a certain metrical type, where each (half-)verse is composed of seven syllables
The word is not translated by Tolkien. The first meaning assumes that -od is a singulative affix (cf. filigod ). The second meaning is proposed by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in Tolkien's Legendarium p. 132, based on the metrical characteristics of Gilraen's linnod
neithan
noun. one deprived
n. one deprived, exile whose rights and goods have been confiscated. Q. nehtanō.
pen
pronoun. one, somebody, anybody
Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2
pol-
verb. can
bâr
land
(dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
dôr
land
1) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413), 2) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
dôr
land
(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413)
parth
enclosed grassland
(i barth, o pharth) (field, sward), pl. perth (i pherth);
Denethor
Denethor
Denethor was named after the Nandorin chieftain of the First Age. The name is Nandorin fit into the Sindarin sound range, and is said to mean "Lithe and lank".
Eru
god
(the One) #Eru, isolated from Eruchín** **"children of the One" (= Elves and Men; sg. *Eruchen).
angerthas
long rune-row
(and + certhas).
bannen
adjective. gone
A neologism for “gone” derived from ᴹ√BAT proposed by David Salo as part of his theory for the derivation of govannen “met” (GS/241, 260). While I think this theory is correct for the 1940s, I think the relevant forms were abandoned by the late 1950s, and I would recommend attested gwanwen instead for “departed, ✱gone”.
barad
tower
1) barad (fortress, fort) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations. 2) (tower or city with citadel/central watchtower) minas (i vinas), pl. minais (i minais), coll. pl. minassath
barad
tower
(fortress, fort) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations.
eru
god
isolated from Eruchín "children of the One" (= Elves and Men; sg. ✱Eruchen).
i
that
(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.
im
between
(prep.) im (within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”I” and a noun mening ”dell, deep vale”. The word mîn (min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)
min
cardinal. one
1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)
min
one
mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.
mîn
towering
mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, first). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the numeral ”one”.
mîn
towering
(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, first). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the numeral ”one”.
na
with
(in instrumental sense?) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
na
with
(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
pen
less
S pen (lenited ben) (without, lacking) (WJ:375) The phrase ben-adar ”without father, fatherless” is treated as an adjective and lenited following a noun (Iarwain ben-adar, Iarwain the Fatherless or Iarwain without father). Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”.
pen
less
(lenited ben) (without, lacking) (WJ:375) The phrase ben-adar ”without father, fatherless” is treated as an adjective and lenited following a noun (Iarwain ben-adar, Iarwain the Fatherless or Iarwain without father). Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”.
raug
demon
raug (-rog in compounds, as in Balrog), pl. roeg (idh roeg), coll. pl. #rogath (isolated from Balrogath, MR:79). Also used = ”powerful, hostile, and terrible creature”.
raug
demon
(-rog in compounds, as in Balrog), pl. roeg (idh roeg), coll. pl. #rogath (isolated from Balrogath, MR:79). Also used = ”powerful, hostile, and terrible creature”.
talf
palm
(of hand) 1) talf (i dalf, o thalf), pl. ?telf (i thelf), coll. pl. talvath. Note: a homophone means ”low, flat field; wetland”.2) camlann (i gamlann, o chamlann), pl. cemlain (i chemlain), 3) *plâd (cited as ”plad” in the source) (i blâd, construct plad), (flat of the hand, hand held upwards or forwards, flat and tensed, with fingers and thumb closed or spread), pl. plaid (i phlaid). (VT47:9) PASS THE SENSITIVE PALM OVER A SURFACE, see .
talf
palm
(i dalf, o thalf), pl. ?telf (i thelf), coll. pl. talvath. Note: a homophone means ”low, flat field; wetland”.2) camlann (i gamlann, o chamlann), pl. cemlain (i chemlain), 3) ✱plâd (cited as ”plad” in the source) (i blâd, construct plad), (flat of the hand, hand held upwards or forwards, flat and tensed, with fingers and thumb closed or spread), pl. plaid (i phlaid). (VT47:9)
ulunn
monster
1) *ulunn (deformed and hideous creature), pl. ylynn. (The archaic form ulund and the later form ulun_ is cited in LR:396 s.v. Ú
ulunn
monster
(deformed and hideous creature), pl. ylynn. *(The archaic form ulund and the later form ulun is cited in LR:396 s.v.*
hí
adverb. now
mín
pronoun. our
nim
adjective. white
annabon
long-snouted one
pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath. (Archaic form andabon.)
falas
shore, foaming shore
(pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand) (VT42:15). Adj.
lâd
valley
(lowland, plain), construct lad, pl. laid
maenas
craft
maenas (i vaenas) (handicraft, art), pl. maenais (i maenais), coll. pl. maenassath. Also curu (i guru, o churu) (cunning, cunning device, skill), pl. cyry (i chyry) (VT45:24);
maenas
craft
(i vaenas) (handicraft, art), pl. maenais (i maenais), coll. pl. maenassath. Also curu (i guru, o churu) (cunning, cunning device, skill), pl. cyry (i chyry) (VT45:24);
talath
wide valley
(i** dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, plain), pl. telaith (i** thelaith). *Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath, LR:353 s.v.*
sael
adjective. wise
Gothmog
noun. tyrannous, oppressive fear
goth (“dread”) + (m-)baug (“tyrannous, cruel, oppressive”) [Etym. MBAW-] gives the original form as *Gothombauk-.
-enc
suffix. our
_1st pl. poss. suff. _our.Maybe the incl. form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46.
-main
suffix. our
-men
suffix. our
Anor
noun. sun
Anor
noun. Sun
_n. Astron._Sun. Q. anār/anăr. >> Ithil
aearon
ocean
_n. _ocean. Augmentative form of _aear _Sea. Q. earon, airon. nef aear, sí nef aearon lit. 'beyond the Sea, here beyond the Great Sea'. >> aear
alfirin
noun/adjective. immortal
alfirin
noun/adjective. also used for another small white flower
amdir
noun. hope based on reason
amin
masculine name. Hope
anann
adverb. long, for a long time
anann
adverb. long
adv. long. Cuio i Pheriain anann 'May the Halflings live long'.
ann
adjective. long
ann
noun. gift
n. gift.
anw
noun. gift
anw
noun. gift
bain
fair
_ adj. _fair, good, blessed, wholesome, favourable, without evil/bad element, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bân
bain
adjective. beautiful, fair
bain
beautiful
_ adj. _beautiful. Q. vanya.
barad
noun. tower, fortress
barad
tower
1b n. tower.
barad
tower
1c n. tower. Q. marto.
belegaer
noun. ocean
_ n. _ocean.
boda
verb. refuse, forbid
bân
adjective. fair
_ adj. _fair, good, wholesome, favourable, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bain
celeb
noun. silver
celeb
silver
di
preposition. with
_ prep. _with. Q. lé.
di
preposition. with
dúath
noun. darkness, shadow
dúath
noun. nightshade
esgal
noun. veil, screen, cover that hides
estel
noun. hope
n. hope. ónen i·Estel Edain 'I gave the "Hope" (to) Men'.
estel
masculine name. Hope
fael
adjective. fair minded, just, generous
fain
noun/adjective. white
fain
noun/adjective. cloud
falathren
noun/adjective. of the shore
falathren
noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)
fân
noun. veil
fân
noun. cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills)
gaearon
ocean
_n. _ocean. Augmentative form of _gaear _Sea. Q. earon, airon. >> gaear
gaer
ocean
_ n. _ocean.
gaeron
noun. ocean
_ n. _ocean.
galadh
noun. tree
gil-
prefix. spark
girithron
noun. december (month)
glân
adjective. white, [bright shining] white; [N.] clear; [G.] pure, †bright; [ᴱN.] clean
glîn
noun. gleam, glint (usually of fine slender but bright shafts of light, particularly applied to light of eyes)
glînn
noun. gleam, glint (usually of fine slender but bright shafts of light, particularly applied to light of eyes)
gwain
adjective. fair
adj. fair. . This gloss was rejected.
gwana
noun/adjective. fair
gwân
adjective. fair
_ adj. _fair, pale.
gûl
noun. black arts
n. black arts, sorcery. Q. ñúle, B.S. gûl 'wraith' is probably derived from Sindarin.
gûr
noun. heart (in the moral sense), counsel
hae
adjective. far, remote, distant
haeron
adjective. far, remote, distant
han
that
pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.
hartha-
verb. to hope
harthad
gerund noun. hope
hi
adverb. now
_ adv. _now. annon edhellen edro hi ammen! 'Elvish gate open now for us'.
hin
adverb. now
hî
now
_adv. _now. Q. sí. thî/hî << hî. >> thî****
im
preposition. between
imlad
noun. deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides (but a flat habitable bottom)
imloth
noun. flower-valley, flowery vale
This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew
imrad
noun. a path or pass (between mountains, hills or trackless forest)
imrath
noun. long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise
lebethron
noun. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor
In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata)
lind
adjective. fair
malhorn
noun. golden tree of Lothlórien
mallorn
noun. golden tree of Lothlórien
malthorn
noun. golden tree of Lothlórien
min
fraction. one (first of a series)
min
cardinal. one, one, [G.] single
min
adjective. our
minas
noun. tower
mithril
noun. true-silver, a silver-like metal
mín
adjective. our
mîn
fraction. one (first of a series)
môr
noun. darkness, dark, night
na
preposition. with, by (also used as a genitive sign)
na
preposition. to, towards, at
nim
white
_adj. _white. >> Nimbrethil
nim
white
orn
noun. (any large) tree
oron
noun. tree
n. Bot. tree. Also in compound -(o)rŏnō. >> orn
raug
demon
n. demon. Q. rauca. >> Balrog
sael
adjective. wise
san
pronoun. that
si
adverb. now
silivren
adjective. (white) glittering
sí(r)
adverb. now
sîr
adverb. now
thî
now
_adv. _now. Q. sí. thî/hî << hî. >> hî****
thî
adverb. now
tin
noun. spark
_ n. _spark, sparkle (esp. used of the twinkle of stars). >> ithildin
tinu
noun. spark, small star
tum
noun. deep valley, under or among hills
tîn
spark
n. spark, star. Q. tinwe spark (Poet. star).
uilos
noun/adjective. always white, ever white as snow
uilos
noun/adjective. a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë or "evermind"
Anor
sun
1) Anor (pl. Anoer if there is a pl.) Archaic Anaur (SD:306). 2) naur (mainly in compounds as nar-, -nor) (flame, fire), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath.
ach
conjunction. but
[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.
ach
conjunction. but
[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.
aear
ocean
aear (sea), pl. aeair.
aear
ocean
(sea), pl. aeair.
aenor
noun. god
ai!
hail
! (interjection) ai! _(according to one interpretation of Glorfindel_s cry ai na vedui, Dúnadan!)
ai!
hail
(according to one interpretation of Glorfindel’s cry ai na vedui, Dúnadan!)
alfirin
immortal
alfirin (no distinct pl. form). Note: the word alfirin is also used as name of a flower.
alfirin
immortal
(no distinct pl. form). Note: the word alfirin is also used as name of a flower.
amdir
hope
1) (based on reason) amdir (no distinct pl. form). Literally an "up-looking". 2) (closer in meaning to ”faith”) estel (trust, steady purpose), pl. estil, 3) (noun) harthad (i charthad, o charthad), pl. herthaid (i cherthaid)
amdir
hope
(no distinct pl. form). Literally an "up-looking".
an-
very
(as adverbial prefix) an-, as in:
an-
very
as in:
anann
long
(adverb, = "for a long time") anann
anann
long
anfang
longbeard
pl. Enfeng, coll. pl. Anfangrim (WJ:10, 108, 205)
annon
great gate
(door), pl. *ennyn***
ant
gift
ant, pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.
ant
gift
pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.
bad
go
#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
bad
go
(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
bain
fair
bain (beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
bain
fair
(beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
bain
beautiful
bain (fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
bain
beautiful
(fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
balrog
fire-demon
(i valrog), pl. balroeg (i malroeg). Coll. pl. balrogath is attested. Archaic form ✱balraug. (MR:79, WJ:415). The etymological meaning is rather ”power-demon”.
bannen
gone
#bannen (pl. bennin). Isolated from govannen ”met”, based on the assumption that this past participle includes a form of the verb #bad- ”go”.
bannen
gone
(pl. bennin). Isolated from govannen ”met”, based on the assumption that this past participle includes a form of the verb #bad- ”go”.
brûn
long endured/established/in use
(old), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin;
celeb
silver
1) (noun) celeb (i geleb, o cheleb), pl. celib (i chelib) if there is a pl. form. 2) (adj., "of/like silver") celebren (lenited gelebren, pl. celebrin; also celebrin- as first element of compounds, as in Celebrindal). Also celefn (lenited gelefn, pl. celifn). As for ”silver” as adjective, see also SHINING WHITE. Adj.
curunír
man of craft
(i gurunír, o churunír) (wizard), no distinct pl. form except with article (i churunír), coll. pl. ?curuníriath
dae
very
dae (exceedingly). Lenited dhae.
dae
adverb. very
dae
very
(exceedingly). Lenited dhae.
daur
league
(a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers) daur (i dhaur) (pause, stop), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath
daur
league
(i dhaur) (pause, stop), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath
dû
darkness
1) dû (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, dusk), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302), 2) fuin (gloom, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form. 3) môr (i vôr, construct mor), pl. mŷr (i mŷr) if there is a pl. (Letters:382); 4 morn (i vorn) (night), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word môr, morn is also used as an adjective ”dark, black”. (Letters:386)
dû
darkness
(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, dusk), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)
ennin
long year
. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.
eru
the one
isolated from
eru
noun. God
escal
veil
(noun) 1) escal (screen, cover that hides), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail). 2) fân (cloud, manifested body of a Vala), construct fan, pl. fain
escal
cover
(a cover that hides) escal (screen, veil), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
escal
cover
(screen, veil), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
estel
hope
(trust, steady purpose), pl. estil
faen
white
(radiant). No distinct pl. form.
fain
white
; no distinct pl. form.
falathren
of the shore
(pl. felethrin)
faur
shore
(beach), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)
fuin
darkness
(gloom, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form.
gaear
ocean
gaear (i **aear) (sea), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair** = i ñaeair).
gaear
ocean
(i ’aear) (sea), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair = i ñaeair).
gaearon
great ocean
(i ‘Aearon), pl. Gaearyn (i Ngaearyn = i Ñaearyn) if there is a pl.
galadh
tree
1) galadh (i **aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302). 2) orn (pl. yrn**). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.
galadh
tree
(i ’aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302).
galadhon
of or related to trees
(lenited ‘aladhon, pl. galadhoen). Archaic ✱galadhaun. The latter is based on David Salo’s analysis of the name Caras Galadhon; others have interpreted the last word as some kind of genitive plural, maybe influenced by Silvan Elvish.
galadhrim
people of the trees
(Elves of Lórien). Adj.
girithron
december
Girithron (na **Irithron**)
girithron
december
(na ’Irithron)
glam
din
glam (i **lam) (uproar, tumult, confused yelling of beasts; shouting, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath **
glam
din
(i ’lam) (uproar, tumult, confused yelling of beasts; shouting, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath
gloss
white as snow, dazzling white
(in compounds -los), lenited ’loss; pl. glyss.
glân
white
1) glân (clear), lenited lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”. 2) nimp (nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form. 3) faen (radiant). No distinct pl. form. 4) fain; no distinct pl. form.
glân
white
(clear), lenited ’lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”.
gwathra
veil
(verb) gwathra- (i **wathra, in gwathrar**) (dim, obscure, overshadow)
gwîn
pronoun. our (inclusive)
gôl
noun. wave
gûr
heart
(i ’ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11).
habad
shore
(i chabad, o chabad), pl. hebaid (i chebaid). Archaic pl. hebeid (LR:386).
haer
far
(adj.) *haer (remote, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. (Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira_.) _Also hae (remote, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
haer
far
(remote, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. *(Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.) *Also hae (remote, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
hartha
hope
(verb) #hartha- (i chartha, i charthar). Verbal stem isolated from the apparent gerund harthad, ”hope” as noun.
hartha
hope
(i chartha, i charthar). Verbal stem isolated from the apparent gerund harthad, ”hope” as noun.
harthad
hope
(i charthad, o charthad), pl. herthaid (i cherthaid)
hethu
vague
*hethu (foggy, obscure), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH)
hethu
vague
(foggy, obscure), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH)
huorn
walking tree of fangorn
(i chuorn, o chuorn), pl. huyrn (i chuyrn).
hîn
they
(of women) hîn. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.
hîn
they
. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.
hûn
heart
1) (physical heart) hûn (i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin), 2) (inner mind) gûr (i **ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11). 3) ind (inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath. 4) nest (core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû**- apparently meaning ”heart”..
hûn
heart
(i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin)
idhren
wise
idhren (pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic *gölwin)
idhren
wise
(pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic ✱gölwin)
im
between
(within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”
imloth
flowering valley
(pl. imlyth) (VT42:18).
imrath
valley
(long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise) imrath (pl. imraith)
ind
heart
(inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
lebethron
oak tree
.
manadh
fortune
(usually = final bliss) manadh (i vanadh) (doom, final end, fate), pl. menaidh (i menaidh). Cf. .
manadh
fortune
(i vanadh) (doom, final end, fate), pl. menaidh (i menaidh). Cf.
men
we
men (accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).
men
we
(accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).
mi
between
mi (with article: min)
mi
between
(with article: min)
minas
tower
(i vinas), pl. minais (i minais), coll. pl. minassath
mîn
i
(min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)
mîw
frail
mîw (tiny, small), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form.
mîw
frail
(tiny, small), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form.
môr
darkness
(i vôr, construct mor), pl. m**ŷr (i m**ŷr) if there is a pl. (Letters:382); 4 morn (i vorn) (night), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word môr, morn is also used as an adjective ”dark, black”. (Letters:386)
nest
heart
(core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû- apparently meaning ”heart”..
nimp
white
(nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form.
noen
wise
(sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein.
nothlir
family tree
(family line); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.
orn
tree
(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.
parf
book
parf (i barf, o pharf), pl. perf (i pherf), coll. pl. parvath
parf
book
(i barf, o pharf), pl. perf (i pherf), coll. pl. parvath
pen
cardinal. one
(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
pen
one
(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
pîn
pronoun. our (inclusive)
rhast
shore
(?i thrast or ?i rast – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhaist (?idh raist).
sa
pronoun. that
sael
wise
1) sael (lenited hael; no distinct pl. form), 2) noen (sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein. 3)
sael
wise
(lenited hael; no distinct pl. form)
si
now
si (lenited hi)
si
now
(lenited hi)
silivren
glittering white
(lenited hilivren; pl. *silivrin**). *Verb
taen
thin
(lenited daen, no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”height, summit of high mountain”.
talath
dal
Dirnen or ”Guarded Plain” mentioned in the Silmarillion.
taw
that
(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _
taw
pronoun. that
taw
that
. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v.
tim
small star
(MR:388). Archaic tinw, so the coll. pl. is likely tinwath. 3)
tint
spark
1) tint (i dint, o thint), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thint), coll. pl. tinnath; 2) tinu (i dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds), analogical pl. tiny (i thiny). The word is also used =
tint
spark
(i dint, o thint), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thint), coll. pl. tinnath
tinu
spark
(i dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds), analogical pl. tiny (i thiny). The word is also used =
toba
cover
toba- (i doba, i thobar) (roof over). Cited as a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -o (tobo)
toba
cover
(i doba, i thobar) (roof over). Cited as a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -o (tobo)
toss
low-growing tree
(i** doss, o thoss, construct tos), pl. tyss (i** thyss). Tolkien mentioned ”maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.” as examples of the low-growing trees covered by this word. Specific trees, see
tui
bud
tui or (older) tuiw (i dui[w], o thui[w]) (sprout), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thui[w])
tui
bud
or (older) tuiw (i dui[w], o thui[w]) (sprout), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thui[w])
vín
our
vín; see WE
vín
our
; see
êr
one
whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)
úan
úlug
(pl. úain), 3) urug (bogey, orc), pl. yryg
adj. long. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'. >> ann