conj. and. a/adh before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. >> a, ada, adh
Sindarin
and
adjective. long
and
adjective. long
and
adjective. long
ad
conjunction. and
Anduin
place name. Anduine
topon. -. Q. Anduine.
andram
place name. Long Wall
A wall of hills in Beleriand from Nargothrond to Ramdal, translated “Long Wall” (S/122). This name is a combination of and “long” and ram “wall” (SA/an(d), ram).
Conceptual Development: The name N. Andram first appeared in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s with the same translation “Long Wall” (LR/262). It also appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s with the same derivation as above (Ety/ÁNAD, RAMBĀ).
andras
place name. Long Cape
A cape south of Brithombar. This name is similar in form and has the same translation (“Long Cape”) as Andrast (WJ/189, note #56). It is also a combination of and “long” and ras(t) “cape”.
Conceptual Development: This name appeared on Tolkien’s private map of Beleriand (WJ/184) but not in the maps published in The Silmarillion. It is also mentioned in Tolkien’s Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 (WJ/379).
andrast
place name. Long Cape
A cape in southwest Gondor translated “Long Cape” (UT/214, note #6). This name is a combination of and “long” and ras(t) “cape”.
Conceptual Development: An earlier form of this name Angast appeared in Tolkien’s essay on the “Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor” (VT42/8, 15), composed between 1967-9 (VT42/5). The revised name Andrast is mentioned in notes for the posthumously published story “Aldarion and Erendis” (UT/214, note #6). The name was first published in the Pauline Baynes poster map of Middle-earth, made in consulation with Tolkien in 1969 (RC/lxiv).
andrath
place name. Long Climb [or Long Street]
This name was used to two distinct tracks. The first is a road crossing the Greenway between the Barrow-downs and the South Downs (UT/348) and running from ancient Fornost down to Tharbad (TI/305). The second is the pass from Rivendell over the Misty Mountains translated by Christopher Tolkien as “long climb” (UT/271, 278 note #4). This name is a combination of and “long” and rath “(climbing) street”.
Conceptual Development: The road crossing the Greenway was first mentioned in Lord of the Rings drafts with the name N. Amrath (perhaps “✱up-course”), soon changed to Andrath (TI/72, 79). It also appeared on draft maps for the Lord of the Rings (TI/298, 305), but the name did not appear in the published book or its maps. The road was mentioned again in Tolkien’s private essays on “The Hunt for the Ring” (UT/348). I believe Tolkien intended name this road crossing the Greenway to mean something like “✱Long Street or Long Course”.
In a different essay on “The Disaster at Gladden Fields”, the name Andrath was applied to the “high-climbing pass” over the Misty Mountains [named only in this essay], the pass that Bilbo and the Dwarves used in the Hobbit, more fully named Cirith Forn en Andrath; Christopher Tolkien suggested in this second instance it meant “long climb” (UT/271, 278 note #4).
androth
place name. *Long Cave
anduin
place name. Great River, (lit.) Long River
The “Great River” of northwestern Middle-earth (LotR/52), a compound of and “long” and duin “river”, and thus literally meaning “Long River” (RC/765, VT48/23).
Conceptual Development: This river was first mentioned as N. Anduin in the earliest versions of the “Fall of Númenor” from the 1930s (LR/33). In the earliest drafts of the Lord of the Rings from the 1940s this river was named N. Beleghir “Great River”, but it was quickly changed to Anduin (RS/410). As he composed the Lord of the Rings, Tolkien considered other variants: Sirvinya “New Sirion” (TI/119) and Andon (TI/298), but all were rejected in favor of Anduin.
Andram
noun. long wall
and (“long”) + ramb (“wall”)
Andras(t)
noun. long cape
and (“long”) + #rast (#“shore”) #The second element is probably the same as in Nevrast and Haerast.
Andrath
noun. long climb
and (“long”) + rath (“course, passage”)
Androth
noun. long cave
and (“long”) + groth (“underground dwelling”)
Anduin
noun. long river
and (“long”) + duin (“long and large river”)
andrann
noun. cycle, age (100 Valian Years)
Helge Fauskanger noted that the element and "long" would normally be preserved before r-, but the -d is lost because there is another d in the word (VT/41:9); however, this second d later disappeared in the change from -nd to -nn, and it is unclear whether or not an- would then revert to and-
andreth
feminine name. *Patience
andaith
noun. Ling
n. Ling. Q. andatehta.
andaith
noun. long-mark
andreth
noun. long-suffering, patience
andaith
noun. long-mark, sign used in writing alphabetic tengwar over a vowel, to indicate that it is lengthened.
andreth
noun. 'Patience'
n. 'Patience', long-suffering. >> reth
cair andros
place name. Ship of Long Foam
An island in the river Anduin (LotR/812), translated “Ship of Long Foam” (PM/371), sometimes appearing as just Andros “Long Foam (LotR/1115). This name is a combination of cair “ship”, and “long” and ross “foam, spray” (SA/an(d), ros).
Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this island was first named N. Tol Varad “Defended Isle”, soon revised to Men Falros “✱Place of Splashing Foam” (WR/326). Later in the drafts it was changed to N. Cairros “✱Ship Foam” then Andros before Tolkien settled on its full form N. Cair Andros (WR/340 note #15).
glandagol
noun. boundary mark
and
noun. gate, door
and
long
(adjective) and (pl. aind),
and
gate
!and (door), pl. aind, coll. pl. annath. Note that and is more commonly the adj. "long".
and
gate
(door), pl. aind, coll. pl. annath. Note that and is more commonly the adj. "long".
and
long
(pl. aind)
a
and
a
and
conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145.
a
conjunction. and
conj. and. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. Q. ar
ada
conjunction. and
Ídh
and
Ídh
and
{ð} conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145.
Ídh
and
{ð}_ conj. _and. It was not mutated before vowels. >> a
a
conjunction. and
See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel
adh
conjunction. and
ah
conjunction. and
ar
conjunction. and
See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel
ar
conjunction. and, and, [G.] too, besides
Andrath
Andrath (name)
Andrath means "Long Climb", apparently consisting of the Sindarin elements and + rath.
Category:Eriador Category:Passes Category:Roads and Streets Category:Sindarin Locations de:Andrath fr:encyclo:geographie:reliefs:eriador:andrath fi:Andrath
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Anduin
Anduin
Anduin is a Sindarin name meaning "long river" or "great river", composed of and + duin.
Andrast
Andrast
Andrast (earlier form Angast) is a Sindarin name meaning "Long Cape".
andreth
Andreth
Andreth is a Sindarin word for for "patience". Her other name, Saelind, means "Wise-heart".
a
conjunction. and; †by, near, beside
In The Lord of the Rings, the Sindarin conjuction for “and” was a, as seen in the famous phrase from the Moria Gate Inscription: pedo mellon a minno “speak, friend, and enter” (LotR/305).
Conceptual Development: In Tolkien’s earlier writings, the word for “and” was usually ar, consistent with the usual Quenya form of this word: Q. ar. The first appearance of this form of the word was in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, which had G. ar “and, too” (GL/20). This version of “and” appeared in numerous phrases from the 1920s-50s, that latest being the Sindarin version of the Lord’s Prayer: Ae Adar Nín from the mid-1950s (VT44/21).
In Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s, however, Tolkien introduced a “and” in the initial versions of the gate inscription (TI/182). He gradually transitioned to the a version over the next few years.
Possible Etymologies: It is not obvious what Tolkien intended the etymology of S. a “and” to be when he first introduced it. He did revisit the question in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s, where he considered two primitive forms: ✶as(a) and ✶ad(a) (PE17/41). In both cases, the consonant of the primitive word would vanish if the following word began with a consonant, either as > ah > a or ad > að > a. However, there would be remnants of the primitive consonant before words beginning with a vowel, such as ah Edhel or að Edhel “and an Elf”. This is similar to how the English indefinite article “a” is “a” before a consonant but “an” before a vowel.
In the previously mentioned note Tolkien eventually settled on a(ð), and this was also the etymology of “and” in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 (PE17/145). In writings elsewhere Tolkien seems to have used a(h). For example, ah appeared in the phrase Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth “The Debate of Finrod and Andreth” written around 1959 (MR/329). In notes from 1968, Tolkien had Common Eldarin as “and” producing S. ah which became a before consonants (VT43/30).
Possible Mutations: In notes from 1969, Tolkien said that conjunctions like “and, or” induced mutation in Sindarin (PE23/142). The exact mutation would depend on the etymology of the word. The a(ð)-variant would induce stop mutation and the a(h)-variant would induce sibilant mutation, as described in Tolkien’s notes on the etymology of this word mentioned above (PE17/41).
One complication for the etymology of a was the phrase Daur a Berhael, Conin en Annûn “Frodo and Sam, princes of the west” (LotR/953). Here the name Perhael “Samwise” clearly undergoes soft mutation. Tolkien noticed this in his notes on the phrase, saying: “a·Berhael. ‘And’ cannot therefore be [derived from] arĭ! aŋa. ā̆. {an >>} ŋ̃a [and later in the same context] ‘And’ ad(a). Q ar. N [sic., should be S] a(ð). a, að before vowel. with soft mutation” (PE17/102).
However, there are no signs of soft mutation after a in other phrases like pedo mellon a minno [rather than vinno] (LotR/305) or si loth a galadh lasto dîn [rather than ’aladh] (LB/354). The earlier ar-variant also seems not to have induced mutation in some documents, such as the King’s Letter [ar Hîr; ar Meril] (SD/128) or Ae Adar Nín [ar díheno] (VT44/21, 28-29).
In the previously mentioned notes on Daur a Berhael, Tolkien seems to have considered another explanation where Daur “Frodo” was also a mutation, with an unmutated form Taur (PE17/102). If so, it may be that the mutations in Daur a Berhael are the result of some other grammatical operation rather than the normal mutation of a “and”.
Other than Daur a Berhael, the only clear example of consonant mutation after the conjunction “and” is ar·phent Rían... “✱and Rían said” from the Túrin Wrapper from the early 1950s (VT50/5). This seems to be an example of liquid mutation for the ar-version of this word.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer the a(h)-variant for Sindarin “and”, with sibilant mutation before consonants and ah before vowels. This variant appears in notes from 1968 (VT43/30) and the sibilant mutation occurs only before words beginning with p, t, c, h (→ ph, th, ch, ch) and l, r (→ lh, rh). That means conflict with unmutated examples is minimized. In earlier versions of Eldamo I recommended ignoring mutation entirely for a(h), but since PE23 made it clear that conjunctions induce mutation I now recommend the “least disruptive” mutation: sibilant mutation.
This means a separate explanation is required for Daur a Berhael. For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I assume that soft mutation is used as a marker for Sindarin direct objects, even when those objects do not immediately follow the verb. Thus I assume Daur a Berhael are soft mutations of Taur “Frodo” and Perhael “Samwise” because they are the objects of the verb eglorio “glorify” in the phrase Daur a Berhael, Conin en Annûn, eglerio “Frodo and Sam, princes of the west, glorify (them)”.
Bear in mind that this system is based on a very small number of examples, and could be overturned by new publications.
ah
preposition/conjunction. and, with
The title Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth is translated as "converse of Finrod and Andreth", but some scholars actually believe this word to be unrelated with the conjunction a.1 , ar "and", and they render it as "with". Other scholars consider that "and" and "with" (in the comitative sense) are not exclusive of each other, and regard ah as the form taken by this conjunction before a vowel. That a, ar and ah are etymologically related has finally been confirmed in VT/43:29-30. Compare also with Welsh, where the coordination "and" also takes different forms whether it occurs before a vowel or a consonant (respectively ac and a). In written Welsh, a often triggers the aspirate mutation: bara a chaws "bread and cheese". This usage is seldom applied in colloquial Welsh (Modern Welsh §510)
ar díheno ammen i úgerth vin
and forgive us our trespasses
The seventh line of Ae Adar Nín, Tolkien’s Sindarin translation of the Lord’s Prayer (VT44/21). The first word ar is a form of a “and”. The second word díheno is the imperative form of díhena- “to forgive”, followed by ammen “for us”, a combination of an “to, for” and men “us”.
The fourth word is the definite article i “the”, followed by the plural form úgerth of úgarth “trespass, ✱misdeed” and the lenited form vin of the possessive pronoun min “ours”. The adjectival elements follow the noun as is usual in Sindarin. See the entry for the second line of this prayer for a discussion of the use of the definite article i “the” before the possessed noun in this phrase.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> ar díhen-o am-men i úgerth vin [← min] = “✱and forgive-(imperative) for-us the trespasses ours”
Conceptual Development: Tolkien initially wrote the (singular) form ugarth “trespass” after the verb before deleting it and writing the rest of the phrase, which may help explain why the definite article is not in its usual plural form before vowels: in. Tolkien first wrote the unlenited form min of the pronoun “our” before replacing it with the lenited form vin. In both min and vin, the vowel i was short where it was long in the previous line of the prayer, but this may have been a slip.
athra
adverb. to and fro; cross to and fro
adv. to and fro; cross to and fro (as a river ford). . This gloss was rejected.
Andrath
Long Climb
Anduin
long river or great river
andaith
long mark
andaith (no distinct pl. form). The word refers to an accent-like mark used to indicate long vowels in Tengwar modes that employ separate vowel letters, like the Mode of Beleriand. LONG RUNE-ROW (a certain system of runes) Angerthas (and + certhas). LONG YEAR (Valian year) ennin. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.
Andrath
long climb
andrath (high pass), pl. endraith,
Andrath
long climb
andrath (high pass), pl. endraith.
Andrath
high pass
andrath (literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.
andaith
long mark
(no distinct pl. form). The word refers to an accent-like mark used to indicate long vowels in Tengwar modes that employ separate vowel letters, like the Mode of Beleriand.
andaith
long mark
andaith (no distinct pl. form). The word refers to an accent-like mark used to indicate long vowels in Tengwar modes that employ separate vowel letters.
andrann
age
andrann (cycle), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand.
andrann
age
(cycle), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand.
andrann
cycle
andrann (age), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand.
andrann
cycle
(age), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand. ****
andrethui
adjective. patient, long suffering
an
for
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
for
(adverbial prefix) an-
an
for
(+ nasal mutation), with article ’ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
for the
(for) + i (the).
andrann
noun. cycle, age, (lit.) long cycle
andrath
high pass
(literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.
andrath
long climb
(high pass), pl. endraith,
ar e aníra ennas suilannad mhellyn în phain
and he desires to greet there all his friends
pedo mellon a minno
speak, friend, and enter; (alternately) say ‘friend’ and enter
ar in ellath epholar eno vi eressai
*and the Elves (?remember) still in Eressëa
ar iorhael, gelir, cordof, ar baravorn, ionnath dîn
and Frodo, Merry, Pippin and Hamfast his sons
@@@ should be revised to use v3 of the letter from AotM
ar meril bess dîn, ar elanor, meril, glorfinniel, ar eirien sellath dîn
and Rose his wife; and Elanor, Rose, Goldilocks and Daisy his daughters
@@@ should be revised to use v3 of the letter from AotM
ar nienor sel morwen níniel
*and Nienor daughter of Morwen, Níniel
arphent
noun. "and (he/she) said"
ar·phent rían tuor·na: man agorech?
*and said Rían to Tuor: what have we done?
duin
noun. (long and large) river (having strong current)
fanuilos, le linnathon
and now to thee, Fanuilos, bright spirit clothed in ever-white, I will ... sing
ithildin
noun. a silver-colored substance, which mirrors only starlight and moonlight
ras morthil
place name. Andrast
brand
lofty
(high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind
brand
tall
(lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind.
nand
valley
1) nand (construct nan) (wide grassland, land at the foot of hills with many streams), pl. naind, coll. pl. nannath (VT45:36), 2) lâd (lowland, plain), construct lad, pl. laid, 3) (long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise) imrath (pl. imraith).
nand
valley
(construct nan) (wide grassland, land at the foot of hills with many streams), pl. naind, coll. pl. **nannath **(VT45:36)
rand
noun. cycle
a
and
a, or ah when the next word begins in a vowel: Finrod ah Andreth, Finrod and Andreth. In some sources, Tolkien uses ar as the conjunction "and", but a(h) would seem to be the proper Sindarin form.
a
and
or ah when the next word begins in a vowel: Finrod ah Andreth, Finrod and Andreth. In some sources, Tolkien uses ar as the conjunction "and", but a(h) would seem to be the proper Sindarin form.
anfang
proper name. Longbeard
The Dwarvish tribe of northwestern Middle-earth, also known as Durin’s Folk (PM/321). The name translates as “Longbeard”, a compound of and “long” and fang “beard” (PM/321). The name also appears in its plural form Enfeng and its class-plural Anfangrim (PM/321, WJ/10).
Conceptual Development: In the Lost Tales and the earliest Silmarillion drafts this tribe was called the G. Indrafang (LT2/68, SM/104). In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the variant form G. Surfang or Fangsur also appeared (GL/68). The name was later changed to N. Enfeng (plural) in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/274), and the singular form N. An(d)fang appeared in The Etymologies (Ety/ÁNAD, SPÁNAG).
The name S. Enfeng appeared in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/10, 75), but did not appear in the published version of The Silmarillion. The name was referenced in some notes to Tolkien’s essay “Of Dwarves and Men”, composed around 1969, along with Khuzdul and Quenya translations (PM/321).
ann
noun. gift
The most commonly accepted Sindarin word for “gift” is S. ann, equivalent to Quenya Q. anna “gift”, both derived from ✶annā based on the root √ANA “towards” (PE17/90). It was also an element in the names Melian “Dear Gift” (SA/mel) and Rían “Crown Gift” (Ety/RIG). However, Tolkien experimented with a variety of other forms throughout his life.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. ôn “gift” related to the verb G. antha- “give” (GL/19, 62), both based on the early root ᴱ√ANA “give, send towards” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/31). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. {ann >>} ant “gift” under the root ᴹ√ANA “to, towards” (Ety/ANA¹; EtyAC/ANA¹). S. ann “gift” < ✶annā appeared in notes from around 1967 (PE17/90). In Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 Tolkien had S. anw as the equivalent of Q. anwa “gift” (PE22/163), perhaps derived from ✱(h)an-mā.
sirion
place name. Great River
The Great River of Beleriand (S/120), a combination of sîr “river” and the adjective iaun “wide”, reduced to its suffixal form -ion also seen in the names of lands (PE17/42).
Conceptual Development: This river was named G. Sirion in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/238) and was explained as an archaic word for “river” in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/67). The name N. Sirion appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s as an elaboration of N. sîr (Ety/SIR). The derivation given above appeared in Tolkien’s Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/42). In an early name list its Qenya equivalent was given as ᴱQ. Sirion as well (PE13/102).
angast
place name. Long Cape
An earlier form of Andrast appearing in Tolkien’s essay on the “Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor” (VT42/8, 15), composed between 1967-9 (VT42/5). The second element of this name appears to be the lenited form gast of an otherwise unattested word cast “cape”, perhaps related to the root √KAS “head”, as suggested by Carl Hostetter (VT42/28, note #16).
ann
adjective. long
adj. long. Rare except in old names (e.g. Anduin). >> and
celeb
noun. silver
The word celeb was the word for “silver” in Sindarin and its conceptual precursors throughout Tolkien’s life.
Conceptual Development: G. celeb “silver” appeared all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where it was related to the early root ᴱ√TELEPE of the same meaning (GL/25; QL/91). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s ᴱN. celeb was derived instead from ᴱ✶kelekwé with the sound change of primitive kw to p and later to b (PE13/140), though in that same document he considered (but rejected) ᴱ✶t’lépe > ᴱN. tlub “silver” (PE13/154). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien introduced a new root ᴹ√KYELEP “silver” to be the basis of N. celeb, with the sound change whereby intial ky became k (c) (Ety/KYELEP). This sound change continued to be a feature of Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, and Tolkien retained this derivation going forward.
fend
noun. door, door; [N.] threshold
A word appearing as fend “door” in notes on the Common Eldarin Article (CEA) from 1969 (PE23/136). In notes from December 1959 (D59), Tolkien gave it as fen “door” derived from the root √PHEN, with a Quenya equivalent as fenna indicating a primitive form of ✱phennā (PE17/181). In The Lord of the Rings proper, it was an element in the name Fen Hollen “Closed Door” (LotR/826; RC/550); perhaps fen is a reduced pseudo-prefixal form of fenn/fend.
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had N. fenn “threshold” derived from ON. phenda under the root ᴹ√PHEN (Ety/PHEN). In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s it appeared as fenn in Fenn Forn(en) and similar variants, all earlier names for Fen Hollen (WR/341).
Neo-Sindarin: I don’t think the senses “door” and “threshold” are likely to coexist, and for purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would limit fend to “door”.
im
noun. valley, valley; [N.] dell, deep vale
An archaic element meaning “valley” that survived only in compounds, a derivation of ✶imbi “between” (VT47/14). The basic sense “valley” was transferred to its more elaborate form imlad as in Imladris “Rivendell”, and †im “valley” fell out of use due to its conflicted with other words like the reflexive pronoun im.
Conceptual Development: N. imm “dell, deep vale” was mentioned in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√IMBE, alongside its elaboration N. imlad of the same meaning (Ety/IMBE).
meth
noun/adjective. last, last; [N.] end
The noun N. meth “end” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from ᴹ✶metta under the root ᴹ√MET of the same meaning and followed by an adjective form N. methen that was also glossed “end” (Ety/MET). This word later appeared as an element in the name Rochon Methestel “Rider of the Last Hope” (UT/313). It is therefore possible that meth shifted from a noun to an adjective, but its Quenya equivalent metta “ending, end” remained a noun in Tolkien’s later writings.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would avoid meth as an independent element, and would use the unambiguous noun form methed and adjective forms medui or [N.] methen. If you do use meth, you might use it as either an adjective or a noun, though it is more likely to be a noun.
angerthas
long rune-row
(and + certhas).
arth
lofty
1) arth (noble, exalted), pl. erth, 2) brand (high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 3) orchall (superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
im
between
(prep.) im (within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”I” and a noun mening ”dell, deep vale”. The word mîn (min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)
na
with
(in instrumental sense?) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
na
with
(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
or
high
(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:
or
high
(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:
taur
lofty
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
tall
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
annabon
long-snouted one
pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath. (Archaic form andabon.)
duin
large river
(i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin), coll. pl. duinath (Names:179, PM:54); compare the river-name Anduin, ”long river”.
dúnen
adjective. western
A neologism coined by Röandil in 2023-09-28 on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), an adjectival form of dûn “west”.
falas
shore, foaming shore
(pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand) (VT42:15). Adj.
lâd
valley
(lowland, plain), construct lad, pl. laid
talath
wide valley
(i** dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, plain), pl. telaith (i** thelaith). *Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath, LR:353 s.v.*
annas
noun. length
Ara-
prefix. high, noble, royal
Golodhbaeth
Ling
{ð} n. Ling. #'Speech of the Noldor'. Also paeth Golodhrim or paeth e Ngolodhrim.
an-
prefix. intensive prefix
anann
adverb. long, for a long time
anann
adverb. long
adv. long. Cuio i Pheriain anann 'May the Halflings live long'.
ann
adjective. long
ann
noun. gift
n. gift.
annon
noun. great door or gate
annui
adjective. western
annúnaid
noun. the "Westron" language (one of the names for Common Speech)
annúnaid
proper name. Westron
The Sindarin name for the “Westron” language (PM/316). Its initial element is clearly annûn “west”, but the meaning of the suffix -aid is unclear. It might be some variation on the gerund-suffix -ed/-ad seen in nouns like genediad “reckoning”, though this suffix usually forms nouns from verbs, not adjectives. Vyacheslav Stepanov suggested the final element might be from ancient adjectival ✱-etya based on √ET “out”, so that -aid = “✱out from”, as in “✱out from the West”.
anw
noun. gift
anw
noun. gift
ar-
prefix. high, noble, royal
athan
preposition. beyond
celeb
noun. silver
celeb
silver
di
preposition. with
_ prep. _with. Q. lé.
di
preposition. with
falathren
noun/adjective. of the shore
falathren
noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)
fen
noun. door, threshold
fen
door
_ n. _door. Q. fenna. >> fennas
fen(n)
noun. door
im
preposition. between
imlad
noun. deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides (but a flat habitable bottom)
imloth
noun. flower-valley, flowery vale
This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew
imrad
noun. a path or pass (between mountains, hills or trackless forest)
imrath
noun. long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise
medui
adjective. last
mithril
noun. true-silver, a silver-like metal
na
preposition. with, by (also used as a genitive sign)
na
preposition. to, towards, at
o
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
o
preposition. from
_ prep. _from, of. In older S. o had the form od before vowels. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'.
o
preposition. from
_ prep. _from. . This gloss was rejected.
od
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
ped-
verb. to speak, to say
pedo
verb. speak! say!
raud
lofty
sui
conjunction. as, like
sîr
noun. river
taer
lofty
adj. lofty. Q. tāra.
taer
adjective. lofty, lofty, *high
taith
noun. mark
tum
noun. deep valley, under or among hills
téw
Ling
pl1. tíw {ē, ī}_ n. Ling. _letter. >> tew
ach
conjunction. but
[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.
ach
conjunction. but
[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.
ammen
for us
(to us).
an-
very
(as adverbial prefix) an-, as in:
an-
very
as in:
anann
long
(adverb, = "for a long time") anann
anann
long
anfang
longbeard
pl. Enfeng, coll. pl. Anfangrim (WJ:10, 108, 205)
anfang
longbeard
(a member of a certain tribe of Dwarves) Anfang, pl. Enfeng, coll. pl. Anfangrim (WJ:10, 108, 205)
annabon
elephant
annabon (lit. "long-snouted"), pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath.
annabon
elephant
(lit. "long-snouted"), pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath.
annon
great gate
(door), pl. *ennyn***
annon
great gate
annon (door), pl. ennyn
annui
western
annui. No distinct pl. form.
annui
western
. No distinct pl. form.
annúnaid
westron
(a language) Annúnaid
annúnaid
westron
annûn
sunset
annûn (west), pl. ennŷn
annûn
sunset
(west), pl. ennŷn
ant
gift
ant, pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.
ant
gift
pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.
arth
lofty
(noble, exalted), pl. erth
athar
beyond
1) *athar (across). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. 2) (adverbial prefix) thar- (across, athwart, over)
athar
beyond
(across). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation.
be
as
(like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salo’s reconstruction)
brona
last
(verb) 1) brona- (survive) (i vrona, i mronar), 2) dartha- (i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, endure) (VT45:8)
brona
last
(survive) (i vrona, i mronar)
brûn
long endured/established/in use
(old), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin;
celeb
silver
1) (noun) celeb (i geleb, o cheleb), pl. celib (i chelib) if there is a pl. form. 2) (adj., "of/like silver") celebren (lenited gelebren, pl. celebrin; also celebrin- as first element of compounds, as in Celebrindal). Also celefn (lenited gelefn, pl. celifn). As for ”silver” as adjective, see also SHINING WHITE. Adj.
celon
river
(i gelon, o chelon), pl. celyn (pl. i chelyn)
dae
very
dae (exceedingly). Lenited dhae.
dae
adverb. very
dae
very
(exceedingly). Lenited dhae.
dartha
last
(i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, endure) (VT45:8)
duin
river
(long, large river with strong current) duin (i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin) (VT48:24)
duinen
high tide
(i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).
ened
adverb. moreover
ennin
long year
. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.
ethir
of a river
(estuary), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. ethiriath. Note: a homophone means "spy".
falathren
of the shore
(pl. felethrin)
faur
shore
(beach), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)
fend
door
(threshold), construct fen, pl. find, coll. pl. fennath, 2) fennas (gateway), pl. fennais, coll. pl. fennassath, 3) annon (great gate), pl. ennyn
gondrath
highway
(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.
habad
shore
(i chabad, o chabad), pl. hebaid (i chebaid). Archaic pl. hebeid (LR:386).
hall
tall
(exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.
im
between
(within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”
imloth
flowering valley
(pl. imlyth) (VT42:18).
imrath
valley
(long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise) imrath (pl. imraith)
ingem
suffering from old age
(pl. ingim), literally ”year-sick”
lind
river
”singer” may also be used of rivers (see
manadh
fortune
(usually = final bliss) manadh (i vanadh) (doom, final end, fate), pl. menaidh (i menaidh). Cf. .
manadh
fortune
(i vanadh) (doom, final end, fate), pl. menaidh (i menaidh). Cf.
medui
last
(adjective) 1) medui (lenited vedui; no distinct pl. form), 2) meth (lenited veth, pl. mith). Note: the word is also used as a noun ”end”.
medui
last
(lenited vedui; no distinct pl. form)
meth
last
(lenited veth, pl. mith). Note: the word is also used as a noun ”end”.
mi
between
mi (with article: min)
mi
between
(with article: min)
mîn
i
(min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)
nî-
verb. was
A (very hypothetical) past form of na- “is”; see that entry for discussion.
o
of
(od), followed by hard mutation. With article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by ”mixed” mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366). Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning”.
orchall
lofty
(superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)
parf
book
parf (i barf, o pharf), pl. perf (i pherf), coll. pl. parvath
parf
book
(i barf, o pharf), pl. perf (i pherf), coll. pl. parvath
ped
speak
ped- (i **bêd**, i phedir) (say), pa.t. pent (attested in mutated form -phent); the imperative pedo is also attested.: No word simply meaning “spear” is attested, but cf. the following:
ped
speak
(i bêd, i phedir) (say), pa.t. pent (attested in mutated form -phent); the imperative pedo is also attested.
penninor
last day of the year
(i benninor, o phenninor), pl. penninoer (i phenninoer). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” penninar (LR:400 s.v. YEN).
rath
climbing path
(street, course, riverbed), pl. raist (idh raist) (UT:255)
raud
tall
(eminent, noble), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”.
rhast
shore
(?i thrast or ?i rast – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhaist (?idh raist).
sirion
great river
sirion (i hirion, o sirion), pl. siryn (i siryn).
sui
as
1) prep. “like, as”) sui (VT44:23), 2) (prep.) be (like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salos reconstruction)
sui
as
(VT44:23)
sîr
river
1) (also = rill) sîr (i hîr, o sîr), in compounds sir- or -hir or -hír; no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîr), coll. pl. siriath. Note: sîr is also the adverb ”today”. 2) celon (i gelon, o chelon), pl. celyn (pl. i chelyn), 3) The word lind ”singer” may also be used of rivers (see . (WJ.309).
sîr
river
(i hîr, o sîr), in compounds sir- or -hir or -hír; no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîr), coll. pl. siriath. Note: sîr is also the adverb ”today”.
taen
thin
(lenited daen, no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”height, summit of high mountain”.
taith
mark
(noun) taith (i daith, o thaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaith). Archaic teith.
taith
mark
(i daith, o thaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaith). Archaic teith.
talath
dal
Dirnen or ”Guarded Plain” mentioned in the Silmarillion.
telu
high roof
(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).
thar
beyond
(across, athwart, over)
adj. long. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'. >> ann