penn

Penn

penn

penda

adj. Q. penda. >> pend

penn

slope

pl1. pinn _n. _slope. >> #pend

penn

noun. declivity, slope

pen

adverb. lacking

adv. lacking, without.

pend

penda

adj. Q. penda. >> penn, pind, pinn

penna

verb. 3rd sg

_v. _3rd sg. undefined of penna 'come down', originally 'come down a slope or from a hill'. silivren penna míriel lit. 'glittering slants-down sparkling (as jewels)'. >> penna-

penna-

verb. to come down (in a slant), fall

penna-

verb. to slant down

penna-

verb. come donw in a slant

v. come donw in a slant, fall. Q. weak v. penda- slope, incline.

pennath

noun. slopes

pl2. n. #slopes. >> Pinnath Gelin****

penneth

noun. ridges, group of downs

penninor

noun. last day of the year

pennod

adjective. without count

pennoediad

adjective. innumerable

pend

noun/adjective. slope, steep incline, hill side; sloping (down), steeply inclined, slope, steep incline, hill side, [N.] declivity; [S.] sloping (down), steeply inclined

A noun for “slope” (RC/525) or a “steep incline, hill side” (PE17/24), also used as an adjective for “steeply inclined, sloping down” (PE17/24) or “steeply sloping” (PE17/173). In keeping with the general conventions of this lexicon, I represent it as pend since Tolkien said -nd frequently survived “at the end of fully accented monosyllables” (LotR/1115), but in his notes Tolkien marked pend as Old Sindarin and gave penn as the modern form (PE17/24, 173).

Conceptual Development: The earliest appearance of this word was in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s as ᴱN. benn (†bend) with glosses like “inclined, sloping” (PE13/138) or “slanting, sloping, up or down hill” (PE13/160). In this period it as derived from primitive ᴱ✶bendā and was an adjective only; the noun form was ᴱN. binn.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s it first appeared as N. denn (†dend) “sloping” as a derivative of ᴹ√DEN “hillside, slope”, but the meaning of this root was change to ᴹ√DEN “hole; gap, passage” (Ety/DEN). Tolkien introduced a new root ᴹ√PEN(ED) with the derivative N. penn (†pend) “declivity” (Ety/PEN). In later writings, though, its root form was √PED instead of ᴹ√PEN, as √PEN was given the new sense “lack, be without” (PE17/173; WJ/375).

pend

slope

pl1. pind _n. _slope. >> #penn, pind, pinn

pen-nod

adjective. without count

adj. without count.

pen

lacking

(lenited ben) (without, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”.

penna

slant down

penna- (i benna, i phennar)

penna

slant down

penna- (i benna, i phennar).

pennas

history

(i bennas, o phennas) (account), pl. pennais (i phennais), coll. pl. pennassath

penninor

last day of the year

(i benninor, o phenninor), pl. penninoer (i phenninoer). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” penninar (LR:400 s.v. YEN).

penninor

last day of the year

*penninor (i benninor, o phenninor), pl. penninoer (i phenninoer). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” penninar (LR:400 s.v. YEN).

penna

slant down

(i benna, i phennar)

pennig

noun. coin

penninor

noun. full year (last day of year), *new year’s eve

pend

declivity

pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (fall), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath

pend

declivity

(i bend, o phend; construct pen) (fall), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath

pent

story

pent (i bent, o phent) (tale), pl. pint (i phint), coll. pl. pennath.

pent

story

(i bent, o phent) (tale), pl. pint (i phint), coll. pl. pennath.

mirian

penny

(name of a coin) mirian (i virian), pl. miriain (i miriain)

mirian

penny

(i virian), pl. miriain (i miriain)

penedh

noun. Elf

gobennas

history

1) gobennas (i **obennas), pl. gebennais (i ngebennais = i ñebennais), collective pl. gobennnassath**. (Archaic pl. *göbennais.) 2) pennas (i bennas, o phennas) (account), pl. pennais (i phennais), coll. pl. pennassath

lant

fall

_(noun) _1) #lant (pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)

lant

fall

(pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)

narn

tale

1) narn (saga; versified tale to be spoken rather than sung), pl. nern**; 2) pent (i bent, o phent) (story), pl. pint (i phint), coll. pl. pennath; 3) trenarn (i drenarn, o threnarn) (account), pl. trenern (i threnern); 4) gwanod (i **wanod) (number), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd).

narn

tale

(saga; versified tale to be spoken rather than sung), pl. *nern***; 2) pent (i** bent, o phent) (story), pl. pint (i** phint), coll. pl. pennath; 3) trenarn (i** drenarn, o threnarn) (account), pl. trenern (i** threnern); 4) gwanod (i ’wanod) (number), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd**).

-ed

3rd sg

_3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Later -deid_, -deith, -dyn. >> -deid, -deith, -dyn

adlanna-

verb. to slope, slant

arnœdiad

adjective. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless

aur

noun. day, sunlight, morning

calan

noun. day, period of actual daylight

Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.

danna

fall

_ v. _fall. Q. lanta-.

danna-

verb. to fall

Written dant- in the Etymologies

dant

noun. fall

edhel

noun. Elf

eledh

noun. Elf

elen

noun. Elf

ell

noun. Elf

glaer

noun. tale, [N.] long lay, narrative poem, [S.] tale, song

lant

noun. fall

medui

adjective. last

meth

adjective. last, last; [N.] end

narn

noun. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung

narn

noun. tale, tale, [N.] saga

oraearon

noun. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day

oranor

noun. second day of the week, day of the Sun

orbelain

noun. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar

orgaladh

noun. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree

This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar

orgaladhad

noun. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees

This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar

orgilion

noun. first day of the week, day of the Stars

orithil

noun. third day of the week, day of the Moon

ormenel

noun. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day

pen-noediad

adjective. innumerable

adj. innumerable.

pinnath

noun. ridges, group of downs

adlanna

slope

(vb.) *adlanna- (slant) (i adlanna, in adlannar). This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlanna-.

adlanna

slope

(slant) (i adlanna, in adlannar). This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlanna-.

adlanna

slant

(vb.) *adlanna- (slope) (i adlanna, in adlannar). This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlanna-;

adlanna

slant

(slope) (i adlanna, in adlannar). This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlanna-;

aronoded

innumerable

aronoded (countless, endless), pl. erenedid (archaic erönödid)

aronoded

innumerable

(countless, endless), pl. erenedid (archaic erönödid)

aur

day

aur (morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

aur

day

(morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

avar

non-eldarin elf

pl. Evair, also called

brona

last

(verb) 1) brona- (survive) (i vrona, i mronar), 2) dartha- (i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, endure) (VT45:8)

brona

last

(survive) (i vrona, i mronar)

calan

daytime

(i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain)

calben

elf of the great journey

(i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin).

ceber

stone ridge

(i geber, o cheber) (spike, stake), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir.

dad

downward

;

dadbenn

downhill, sloping down

(inclined, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn;

danna

fall

(verb) ?danna- (i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.

danna

fall

(i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.

dant

fall, falling

(i dhant) (autumn), pl. daint (i naint), also (and maybe particularly when the meaning is "autumn") dannas (i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais) (PM:135)

dartha

last

(i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, endure) (VT45:8)

dath

steep fall

(i dhath) (hole, pit, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8).

dúnedhel

elf of beleriand

(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*

dû

nightfall

(i dhû) (night, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

edhel

elf

(pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). (WJ:363, 377-78; the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > *Elrim*** may also occur). But since elin** also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

edhelharn

elf-stone

(pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).

edinor

anniversary day

(pl. edinoer). Archaic edinaur. In ”Noldorin”, the word appeared as edinar.

elleth

elf-woman

(pl. ellith) (WJ:363-64, 377)

ellon

elf-man

(pl. ellyn)

elvellon

elf-friend

(pl. elvellyn, coll. pl. elvellonnath (WJ:412);

gobennas

history

(i ’obennas), pl. gebennais (i ngebennais = i ñebennais), collective pl. gobennnassath. (Archaic pl. ✱göbennais.)

gwanwel

elf of aman

(”departed” Elf), pl. gwenwil (in gwenwil), coll. pl. gwanwellath. (WJ:378) Also gwanwen; see

laegel

green-elf

pl. laegil; coll. pl. laegrim or laegeldrim (WJ:385). These forms from a late source would seem to supersede the ”N” forms listed in LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK: *Lhoebenidh* or *Lhoebelidh*. The Green-elves of Beleriand were also called Lindel (pl. Lindil), also Lindedhel (pl. Lindedhil)  *(WJ:385)*.

lanthir

waterfall

(no distinct pl. form). Coll. pl. lanthiriath.

lefn

elf left behind

pl. lifn.

medui

last

(adjective) 1) medui (lenited vedui; no distinct pl. form), 2) meth (lenited veth, pl. mith). Note: the word is also used as a noun ”end”.

medui

last

(lenited vedui; no distinct pl. form)

meth

last

(lenited veth, pl. mith). Note: the word is also used as a noun ”end”.

miniel

first elf

(i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath. (WJ:383)

mirian

coin

(name of a coin) mirian (i virian), pl. miriain (i miriain)

mirian

coin

(i virian), pl. miriain (i miriain)

mornedhel

dark elf

(i Vornedhel), pl. Mornedhil (i Mornedhil). Conceivably the entire word could be umlauted in the pl.: ?Mernedhil. **(WJ:409) Another term for ”Dark Elf” is Dúredhel (i Dhúredhel), pl. Dúredhil (i Núredhil**).

nara

story

(i nara, in narar).

peredhel

half-elf

(pl. peredhil) (PM:256, 348).

pind

slope

(noun) 1) #pind (i bind; construct pin) (declivity), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath (in the name Pinnath Gelin). 2) talad (i dalad, o thalad) (incline), pl. telaid (i thelaid).

pind

declivity

*pind (i bind; construct pin) (slope), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath (in the name Pinnath Gelin).

pind

ridge

pind (i bind, o phind, construct pin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath.

pind

ridge

(i bind, o phind, construct pin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath.

send

grey-elf

(i hend, o send, construct sen) (probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda), pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form).

torn

down

(noun) *torn (i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”.

torn

down

(i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”. 

penn

noun. declivity

penn

noun. Elf

penn

noun. declivity, slope

pennáros evrin ériol

pennáros evrin ériol

pennas silevril

proper name. History of the Silmarils

Noldorin equivalent to ᴹQ. Qenta Silmarillion, one of the names of the Silmarillion story cycle (LR/202). This name is a combination of pennas “history” and (plural?) Silevril “Silmaril”, also appearing in its lenited form Hilevril.

pennas ingeleidh

proper name. History of the Gnomes

Noldorin equivalent to ᴹQ. Qenta Noldorinwa, one of the names of the Silmarillion story cycle (LR/201). This name is a combination of pennas “history”, the definite article i “the” and the nasal-mutated plural of Golodh “Gnome”.

Conceptual Development: This name first appeared as N. Pennas-na-Ngoelaidh (SM/77), using na “of” and an earlier form of the plural of Golodh, along with a number of similar variants, the last being the one given above. The Sindarin form of this name has not appeared.

penninar

noun. full year (last day of year)

pennas

noun. history

pennas-na-ngoelaidh

proper name. History of the Noldoli

pennas

noun. history, historical account

penninar

noun. last day of the year

pend

noun. declivity, slope

pent

noun. tale

ar-

prefix. day

arnediad

adjective. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless

arnœdiad

adjective. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless

aronoded

adjective. innumerable, countless, endless

atlanna-

verb. to slope, slant

aur

noun. day, sunlight, morning

brona-

verb. to last, to survive

dad

adverb. down, downwards

dad

adverb. down

dant-

verb. to fall

Written dant- in the Etymologies

gobennas

noun. history

gobennas

noun. history

gwanod

noun. tale, number

narn

noun. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung

penedh

noun. Elf

penna

vowel

#penna noun "vowel" (only pl. pennar is attested) (VT39:16)

penna

noun/adjective. lacking; vowel

penno

noun. poor man

lanotoite

adjective. innumerable

undu

down

Ae

day

Ae (Quenya?) noun "day" (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK - ae was written over ar [# 2] in the names of the Valinorean week, but ar was not struck out.)

ala

day

[ala (7) noun "day", also alan "daytime". The forms allen, alanen listed after these words could be inflected forms of them, genitive "of daytime", constracted (allen = al'nen) and uncontracted. However, Tolkien struck out all of this (VT45:13).]

ar

day

ar (2) noun "day" (PE17:148), apparently short for árë, occurring in the names of the Valinorean week listed below. Tolkien indicated that ar in these names could also be arë when the following element begins in a consonant (VT45:27). Usually the word for "day" in LotR-style Quenya is rather aurë (or ré), q.v.

lanotoitë

adjective. innumerable

lanta

fall

lanta (1) noun "a fall" (DAT/DANT (TALÁT) ), also lantë.

lanta-

fall

lanta- (2) "fall" (DAT/DANT (TALÁT), Narqelion, VT45:26, VT49:54); lantar aorist tense pl. (Nam, RGEO:66); pl. pa.t. lantaner "fell" (pl.) (SD:246); lantier "they fell", a plural past tense of lanta- "fall" occurring in LR:47; read probably lantaner in LotR-style Quenya, as in SD:246. Also sg. lantië "fell" (LR:56); read likewise *lantanë? (The forms in -ier, -ië seem to be properly perfects.) Future tense lantuva, VT49:47. Participle lantala "falling" (with locative ending: lantalassë) in Markirya.

lantar

fall

-r plural ending used on verbs with a plural subject (VT49:48, 50, 51), e.g. lantar "fall" in Namárië (with the plural subject lassi "leaves"), or unduláver as the pl. form of undulávë "licked down, covered" (PE17:72). The ending is sometimes missing where we might expect it; for instance, the verb tarnë "stood" has multiple subjects and yet does not appear as *tarner in PE17:71.

lantë

fall

#lantë (1) noun "fall" in Noldolantë, q.v. Also lanta.

lantë

noun. fall

The word lasselanta “leaf-fall, autumn” (LotR/1107) indicate the form this word should be lanta, which is how it appears in The Etymologies. However, the alternate lassewinta (PM/376) seems to be formed with the infinitive of the verb winta- rather than a noun, so perhaps lasselanta is a similar formation from the verb lanta- “to fall”.

The form lantë, appearing in Noldolantë “Fall of the Noldor” (S/87), more strongly resembles other Quenya nouns, which more often end in -e rather than -a. The noun atalantë “collapse, downfall” is a similar formation from the related verb [ᴹQ.] atalta-, though it could also be the past formation “downfallen” of this TALAT-stem verb.

lumenyárë

history, chronological account

lumenyárë noun "history, chronological account" (NAR2 - read *lúmenyárë?) According to VT45:36, the manuscript spelling actually seems to be lumennyáre, but Hostetter and Wynne conclude that this is "probably a slip": The double nn would be difficult to justify.

lúmequenta

history, chronological account

lúmequenta ("q")noun "history, chronological account" (LU)

lúmequentalë

history

lúmequentalë ("q")noun "history" (LU, KWET). According to VT45:29, the accent marking the ú as a long vowel is actually missing in the entry LU in Tolkien's original Etymologies manuscript; yet it is apparently included both in the entry KWET and in the related words lúmequenta and lúmequentalëa; its omission in the entry LU is therefore probably just a slip.

métima

last

métima adj. "last" (Markirya), in Markirya also twice métim', since the following words (auressë, andúnë) begin in an a.

nendë

slope, hillside

[nendë] (2) noun "slope, hillside" (DEN, struck out; compare VT45:9)

nyarna

tale, saga

nyarna noun "tale, saga" (NAR2), compounded in nyarmamaitar noun "storyteller" (PE17:163), literally *"tale-artist" (see maitar).

nyárë

tale, saga, history

nyárë noun "tale, saga, history". Compounded in Eldanyárë "History of the Elves", lumenyárë "history, chronological account" (NAR2, LR:199). Compare nyarië, nyarna.

oilima

last

oilima adj."last" (MC:213, 214; this is "Qenya"), inflected or lengthened form oilimain "last (pl.)" (MC:221), oilimaisen "(MC:221), oilimaite "last" (MC:214, 221)

penda-

slope, incline

penda- vb. "slope, incline" (PE17:171, 173)

pendë

slope, downslope, declivity

pendë noun "slope, downslope, declivity" (PEN/PÉNED), "steep incline, hill side" (PE17:24)

penya

lacking, inadequate

penya adj. "lacking, inadequate"; pl. penyë in penyë tengwi "lacking signs", "inadequate signs"; in early Elvish analysis of Quenya the term for vowels with no preceding consonant, held (in many cases incorrectly) to have lost such a consonant (VT39:6, 8)

quenta

tale

quenta ("q")noun "tale" (KWET), "narrative, story" (VT39:16); Quenta Silmarillion "the Story/Tale of the Silmarils", also Quenta Eldalien "History of the Elves" (SD:303), notice "Qenya" genitive in -n in the latter title. Quenta is also translated "account", as in Valaquenta "Account of the Valar".

quenta silmarillion

proper name. History of the Silmarils

The full and proper title for The Silmarillion (S/33). It is a combination of quenta “tale” and the genitive plural of Silmaril.

Conceptual Development: In the early 1930s, the original Quenya title of the cycle of tales that eventually became The Silmarillion was ᴹQ. Qenta Noldorinwa (SM/77). In the mid-30s, Tolkien introduced the name ᴹQ. Qenta Silmarillion which became the full title of the tales, while Quenta Noldorinwa became an alternate title (LR/202).

ré

day

ré noun "day" (of the sun), a full 24-hour cycle (Appendix D) composed of aurë (day, daylight) and lómë "night" (VT49:45). Short -rë in compounds like Ringarë (q.v.). Allative rénna (VT49:45).

telda

last, final

telda (1) adj. "last, final" (WJ:407)

telu

adjective. last, last; end (fate), close

An apparently adjectival element in the name Telufinwë meaning “last”.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. telu was a noun meaning “end, close” (QL/91). In the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa it was glossed “end (fate)” (PME/91).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use this element only in compounds since it is not clear what its independent singular or plural forms would be (telo, telwi?). For the ordinary adjective, I’d use métima or telda.

undu

down, under, beneath

undu adv. (and prep.?) "down, under, beneath" (UNU, VT46:20); prefixundu- "down", in undulávë "down-licked" = covered. (Nam)

árë

day

árë noun "day" (PM:127) or "sunlight" (SA:arien). Stem ári- _(PE17:126, where the word is further defined as "warmth, especially of the sun, sunlight"). Also name of tengwa #31; cf. also ar # 2. Originally pronounced ázë; when /z/ merged with /r/, the letter became superfluous and was given the new value ss, hence it was re-named essë (Appendix E)_. Also árë nuquerna *"árë reversed", name of tengwa #32, similar to normal árë but turned upside down (Appendix E). See also ilyázëa, ilyárëa under ilya. In the Etymologies, this word has a short initial vowel: arë pl. ari (AR1)

óma-tengwë

vowel

#óma-tengwë noun "vowel" (only pl. óma-tengwi attested); this refers to vowels considered as independent phonemes, according to Fëanor's new insights on phonemics. Also #ómëa. (VT39:8; ómatengwi ["ñ"] with no hyphen in VT39:16)

óman

vowel

óman noun "vowel" (stem omand- as in the pl. omandi, which form was misread as "amandi" in the Etymologies as printed in LR, entry OM; see VT46:7). The terms óma-tengwë, ómëa from a later source are probably to be preferred.

óman

noun. vowel

ómëa

vowel

#ómëa noun "vowel" (only pl. ómëar attested); this refers to vowels considered as independent phonemes, according to Fëanor's new insights on phonemics. Also #óma-tengwë. (VT39:8)

ómëa

noun/adjective. vowel, vowel; [ᴹQ.] voiced

bith-

verb. to say

A verbal form of Ad. bêth “expression, saying, word” attested only as an agental-formation as part of the noun izindu-bêth “true-sayer” (SD/427); see that entry for further discussion of its phonetic development. As suggested by Thorsten Renk suggested (NBA/24, 26), the verb stem is probably bith-, consistent with its primitive root ✶Ad. √BITH. Since agental forms generally have a lengthened or fortified vowel, the verb stem bith- could have the fortified agental form -bêth.

ella

noun/adjective. Elf

ello

noun. Elf