on

stone

on, ondo noun "stone" (LT2:342, LT1:254 probably only ondo in LotR-style Quenya, see below). Various "Qenya" forms: ondoli "rocks" (MC:213; this would be a partitive plural in LotR-style Quenya), ondolin "rocks" (MC:220), ondoisen "upon rocks" (MC:221), ondolissen "rocks-on" (MC:214; the latter form, partitive plural locative, is still valid in LotR-style Quenya).

ondo

stone

ondo noun "stone" as a material, also "rock" (UT:459, GOND). Pl. ondor in an earlier variant of Markirya; partitive pl. locative ondolissë "on rocks" in the final version. Compounded in ondomaitar "sculptor in stone" (PE17:163), Ondoher masc.name, *"Stone-lord" (ondo alluding to Ondonórë = Sindarin Gondor, "stone-land") (Appendix A), #ondolunca ("k") "stonewain", possessive form in the place-name Nand Ondoluncava "Stonewain Valley" (PE17:28, also Ondoluncanan(do) as a compound). Ondolindë place-name "Gondolin" (SA:gond, J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator p. 193); see Ondo. Earlier "Qenya" has Ondolinda _(changed from Ondolin) "singing stone, Gondolin" (LT1:254)_

ʼondō

noun. stone

PQ. stone

sar

noun. stone (small)

A word for “stone”, most notably in the name Q. Elessar “Elfstone” (LotR/375). The genitive for that name was given as Elesarno (PE22/158; VT49/28), so the stem for this word is probably sarn-, especially given its better-attested Sindarin cognate S. sarn. It is a derivative of the root ᴹ√SAR, and referred to a small (individual) stone (Ety/SAR), as opposed to Q. ondo which is stone as a material or large rocks or bodies of stone.

Conceptual Development: The earliest hint of this word was ᴱQ. sar “earth, soil” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, but this was marked with an “X” and ᴱQ. kemen (of similar meaning) was written next to it as an alternative (PE16/139). ᴹQ. sar “(small) stone” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√SAR, but there it had a plural sardi and hence a stem form of sard- (Ety/KEM). In that document, N. sarn was “stone as material” and hence not directly related. But later S. sarn was used for individual stones, and thus was probably a direct cognate of Q. sar (sarn-), as discussed above.

Cognates

• S. sarn “(small) stone, pebble; stony (place), (small) stone, pebble; stony (place); [N.] stone as a material”

Element in

• ᴺQ. ambalasar “stalagmite, (lit.) up-growing stone”
• ᴺQ. ëassar “pearl, (lit.) sea-pebble/stone”
• Q. Elessar “Elfstone” ✧ LotR/0375
• ᴺQ. helissar “amethyst”
• ᴺQ. hwandasar “pumice, (lit.) sponge-stone”
• ᴺQ. inwissar “opal, (lit.) mood-change stone”
• ᴺQ. liptasar “dripstone”
• ᴺQ. malatsar “chrysolite”
• Q. sarnië “shingle, pebble bank”
• ᴺQ. sarnincë “pebble”
• ᴺQ. sarnunta “diadem”
• ᴺQ. undalasar “stalactite, (lit.) down-growing stone”
• ᴺQ. ussar “sulphur, (lit.) fire-stone”

ontamo

mason (sculptor)

ontamo noun "mason (sculptor)" (PE17:107-108); this is a compound on(do) "stone" + tamo "smith".

ontamo

noun. mason (sculptor)

Elements

Word	Gloss
ondo	“stone (as a material), (large mass of) rock”
tamo	“smith, builder”

Quende#

noun. Elf

Elf

quendë

elf

quendë noun "Elf", the little-used analogical sg. of Quendi, q.v. (KWEN(ED), WJ:361)

sarya-

verb. to stone

A neologism coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), derived from the root ᴹ√SAR.

Derivations

• ᴹ√SAR “*stone”

gond

stone

_n. _stone, rock. Archaic S. gond > gonn. Q. ondo. >> Gondor

edhelharn

noun. elf-stone

gond

noun. stone, rock, stone, rock, [N.] stone (as a material), [G.] great stone

The basic word for “stone” or “rock” in Sindarin (PE17/28-29; WJ/201). More specifically, it was “stone as a material” (PE17/28; Ety/GOND) as opposed to an individual stone, which was S. sarn (RC/327; VT42/11). In one place Tolkien said “Sindarin had a short form gŏn- < ✱PQ gōn, gon-, stone, a stone, or a single thing made of stone” (PE17/28), and in another Tolkien said “shorter gon- was used for smaller objects made of stone, especially carved figures” (RC/347); this short form seems to be prefixal. Longer gond was derived from the root ᴹ√GONOD of essentially the same meaning, as was its Quenya cognate Q. ondo (Ety/GOND).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where this word appeared as G. gonn “great stone, rock” (GL/41). It was probably a derivative of ᴱ√ONO “hard” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon from which its Qenya cognate ᴱQ. on(d) “a stone” was derived (QL/70). The early root form was probably ✱ᴱ√ƷONO, with the initial ʒ vanishing in Qenya but becoming g in Gnomish. Later on, this derivation no longer worked, since Tolkien decided that initial ʒ became h in Qenya. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, this word appeared as N. gonn “stone (as a material)” with the derivation given above (Ety/GOND).

Neo-Sindarin: Tolkien gave this word as both gonn and gond, but in keeping with the notion that the sound “remained nd at the end of fully accented monosyllables” in Sindarin (LotR/1115), most Neo-Sindarin writers use gond.

Cognates

• Q. ondo “stone (as a material), (large mass of) rock” ✧ PE17/029; SA/gond

Derivations

• Os. gondo
  • ✶gondō “stone, rock” ✧ PE21/78
  • ᴹ√GONOD “stone”
• ✶gon- “a stone” ✧ PE17/028
• ✶gondō “stone, rock” ✧ RC/347
  • ᴹ√GONOD “stone”

Element in

• S. Argonath “Pillars of the Kings, (lit.) Royal Stones” ✧ RC/347; SA/gond
• S. Beregond “?Valiant Stone”
• S. Gondolin “Hidden Rock, (originally) Singing Stone” ✧ PE17/029; SA/gond; SA/gond; WJ/201
• S. Gondor “Stone-land” ✧ PE17/028; PE17/028; RC/347; SA/gond
• S. Gondrant “Stone-trail” ✧ NM/363
• ᴺS. gonneb “stony, rocky”
• S. Gonnhirrim “Masters of Stone” ✧ SA/gond
• ᴺS. gonnos “great rock”
• ᴺS. gonnoth “pillar, stele, memorial”
• S. Imrath Gondraich “Stonewain Valley”
• S. Nan Gondresgion “Stonewain Valley”
• S. seregon “stonecrop, plant with red flowers, (lit.) blood of stone” ✧ SA/gond
• S. Tum Gondregain “Stonewain Valley” ✧ NM/363

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶gōn/gon- > gŏn-	[gondō] > [gondo] > [gond] > [gonn]	✧ PE17/028
✶gon-d > gon-	[gond-] > [gonn-]	✧ RC/347

Variations

• gonn ✧ PE17/029
• Gond ✧ WJ/201

gonn

noun. stone, rock

sarn

noun. small stone

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

gondren

adjective. (made) of stone

gond

noun. great stone, rock

sarn

noun. stone (as a material)

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

mornedhel

noun. Dark-Elf

Teler

noun. an Elf, one of the Teleri

ellon

noun. elf

miniel

noun. an Elf, one of the Vanyar

ódhel

noun. Deep Elf or Gnome, one of the Wise Folk

tawarwaith

noun. Silvan elves

glinnel

noun. Elf, one of the Teleri

gódhel

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

elvellon

noun. elf-friend

telerrim

noun. the Teleri, a tribe of Elves

dúnedhel

noun. Elf of the West, Elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar)

ódhellim

noun. Deep Elves or Gnomes, the Wise Folk

gódhellim

noun. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk

edhel

noun. Elf

edhel

noun. Elf

_ n. _Elf, a general name for all the Elves (since the name Quendi had gone out of use in Sindarin). Probably related to or connected with Q. Elda. >> edhellen

edhel

Elf

pl1. edhil, pl2. edhellim {ð} _n. _Elf. A name used by the Sindar for themselves, characterizing other varieties by an adjective or prefix. >> Aredhel, Thinnedhel

edhel

Elf

{ð} _n. _Elf.

edhel

Elf

d _ n. _Elf. Q. elda.

ell

noun. elf

n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form.

calben

noun. Elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person")

calben

noun. all Elves but the Avari

eglath

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

elleth

noun. elf-maid

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

laegel

noun. a Green Elf

iathrim

noun. Elves of Doriath

lachend

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

lachenn

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

laegrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

egladhrim

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes

laegeldrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

galadhrim

noun. Elves of Lothlórien

gond

stone

(i ’ond, construct gon) (great stone or rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath (Letters:410).

gôn

stone

(i ’ôn, construct gon); pl. gŷn, coll. pl. #gonath as in Argonath.

sarn

stone

1) (small stone, or stone as material) sarn (i harn, o sarn), pl. sern (i sern); also used as adj. ”stony, made of stone”. 2) gôn (i **ôn, construct gon); pl. gŷn, coll. pl. #**gonath as in Argonath. 3) (larger stone) gond (i **ond, construct gon) (great stone or rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath** (Letters:410).

sarn

stone

(i harn, o sarn), pl. sern (i sern); also used as adj. ”stony, made of stone”.

gondren

made of stone, stony

(stony), lenited ’ondren, pl. gendrin. Archaic pl. göndrin (TI:270).

sarn

made of stone, stony

(lenited harn; pl. sern); also used as noun ”small stone, pebble, stone [as material]”; as adj. also = ”stony”.

gondrath

street of stone

(i ’ondrath) (causeway, raised stone highway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340)

gonhir

master of stone

(i ’Onhir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir), maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim  (WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”)

sarnas

cairn

sarnas (i harnas, o sarnas) (pile of stones), pl. sernais (i sernais)

sarnas

cairn

(i harnas, o sarnas) (pile of stones), pl. sernais (i sernais)

edhel

elf

edhel (pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). _(WJ:363, 377-78; _the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > Elrim_ _may also occur). But since elin also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

cwenda

noun. elf

A doubtful word according to Tolkien's later conception; in the branch of Eldarin that Nandorin belongs to, primitive KW became P far back in Elvish linguistic history [WJ:375 cf. 407 note 5]. This was not a problem in Tolkien's earlier conception, in which the Danians came from the host of the Noldor, not the Teleri [see PM:76; the idea of the Nandor being of Noldorin origin also occurs in VT47:29]. In his later version of Nandorin, the word cwenda is probably best ignored; simply emending it to *penda would produce a clash with primitive pendâ "sloping" [cf. WJ:375].

In the Etymologies, Tolkien derived cwenda from kwenedê "elf" (stem KWEN(ED) of similar meaning, LR:366; as for the shift of original final -ê to Nandorin -â, compare hrassa "precipice" from khrassê). But later the primitive word that yielded Quenya Quende was reconstructed as kwende (WJ:360).

No certain example shows how original short final -e comes out in Nandorin, so we cannot say whether kwende is also capable of yielding cwenda, ignoring the question of kw failing to become p.

Danas

noun. Green-elves, Nandor

In Etym derived from the stem DAN (LR:353), simply defined as an "element found in names of the Green-elves", and tentatively compared to NDAN "back" (since the Nandor "turned back" and did not complete the march to the Sea). Tolkien's later view on the derivation of the name of the Green-elves, as set down in WJ:412, is that the stem dan- and its strengthened form ndan- do indeed have a similar meaning: these forms have to do with "the reversal of an action, so as to undo or nullify its effect", and a primitive form ndandô, "one who goes back on his word or decision", is suggested. However, it seems unlikely that the Nandor would have called themselves by such a name, and indeed Tolkien in WJ:385 states that "this people still called themselves by the old clan-name Lindai [= Quenya Lindar], which had at that time taken the form Lindi in their tongue". It may be, then, that Tolkien had rejected the idea that the Nandor called themselves Danas. - As for the ending -as, it is probably to be compared to the Sindarin class plural ending -ath; indeed a Sindarin ("Noldorin") form Danath evidently closely corresponding to Danas is given in LR:353.

galadrim

noun. Elves of Lothlórien

Note: "The Galadrim were 'Tree-people' (though the formation is Sindarin, + S [rim] = Q rimbë, great number) = true Sindarin galadhrim."

gon-

noun. a stone

Derivatives

• S. gond “stone, rock, stone, rock, [N.] stone (as a material), [G.] great stone” ✧ PE17/028

Element in

• S. Gondor “Stone-land” ✧ Let/410

Variations

• gon(o) ✧ Let/410
• gōn/gon- ✧ PE17/028

gondō

noun. stone, rock

Derivations

• ᴹ√GONOD “stone”

Derivatives

• Q. ondo “stone (as a material), (large mass of) rock” ✧ Let/410; RC/347
• Aq. ondō ✧ PE21/78
  • Q. ondo “stone (as a material), (large mass of) rock”
• S. gond “stone, rock, stone, rock, [N.] stone (as a material), [G.] great stone” ✧ RC/347
• Os. gondo ✧ PE21/78
  • S. gond “stone, rock, stone, rock, [N.] stone (as a material), [G.] great stone”

Element in

• ✶Gondo-ndor- “Stone-land” ✧ PE17/028
• Q. Ondolindë “Rock of the Music of Water, (lit.) Singing Stone” ✧ PM/374
• S. Gondolin “Hidden Rock, (originally) Singing Stone” ✧ PM/374

Variations

• gond(o) ✧ Let/410
• góndō ✧ PE18/106
• gon/gondo ✧ PM/374
• gon-d ✧ RC/347

gondrafn

noun. hewn stone

gondram

noun. hewn stone

sarn

noun. small stone

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

gonn

noun. great stone, rock

sarn

noun. stone (as a material)

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

sarnas

noun. cairn, pile of stones

sarnas

noun. cairn

A noun for “cairn” (a memorial made of a pile of stones) inx the name N. Sarnas Fingolfin “Cairn of Fingolfin” from a list of names associated with Silmarillion drafts of the 1930s (LR/406). It is an elaboration of N. sarn “stone”.

Conceptual Development: An earlier word G. dal “cairn” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s near the words G. dalech “(upright) stone” and G. daltha- “to erect, set up” (GL/29), so perhaps based on ᴱ√TALA (or ✱DALA) “support” (QL/88).

Element in

• N. Sarnas Fingolfin “Cairn of Fingolfin” ✧ LR/406

Elements

Word	Gloss
sarn	“stone as a material”
-as	“abstract noun”

Variations

• Sarnas ✧ LR/406

edhel

noun. Elf

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes