sú noun "sound of wind" (VT47:12), "noise of wind" (LT1:266, "Qenya" spelling sû)
Quenya
sú
noun. sound of wind, sound of wind, [ᴱQ.] noise of wind
sú
sound of wind
Súlimo
súlimo
Súlimo (þ) surname of Manwë (wind-god) (THŪ, SA:sûl). Compare súlë and perhaps sú.
Súro
súro
Súro (þ) masc. name, alternative form of Sauro(n)(THUS)
súlimarya
súlimarya
súlimarya ??? (Narqelion)
súyer
súyer
súyer ??? (Narqelion)
súlimo
masculine name. Lord of the Breath of Arda, (lit.) Breather
A title of Manwë as the Vala of Winds, glossed “Lord of the Breath of Arda” in The Silmarillion (S/26) and translated “Breather” in linguistic notes from the 1950s (PE21/85). This name is a compound of súlë (þúle) “spirit; breath”, and the agental suffix -mo, but was also influenced by ✶sūli “wind” (NM/237).
Conceptual Development: This name dates back to the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/52), and ᴱQ. Súlimo appeared in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s as a personalized form of ᴱQ. súlime “wind” (QL/86, LT1A/Súlimo). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, Tolkien gave a new etymology of ᴹQ. Súlimo, deriving it from ᴹQ. súle “breath” (Ety/THŪ).
Tolkien continued to use similar derivations in his later writings, where Q. Súlimo appeared as a derivative of the related roots √THŪ or √SŪ, as a blending of more archaic Thūrimo and Sūlimo (PE17/124; NM/237). See the entry on Q. súlë for a discussion of the relation between “breath” and “spirit” in Elvish thought.
súrion
masculine name. *Wind-son
súlë
noun. breath; (movement of) spirit, emission of power (of will or desire)
A word for “spirit” appearing in The Lord of the Rings appendices, where it was given as the name of tengwa #9 [“s” from older “th”] (LotR/1123). It also meant “breath” (PE17/124) and was originally derived from the primitive root √THŪ “puff, blow” (NM/237; PE17/124; Ety/THŪ). In this respect, súlë resembled the Ancient Greek word πνεῦμα (“pneuma”), which also originally meant “breath” but came to be used for the spirit or soul.
The meaning of the Quenya word was not quite the same, however. It was not used for a “soul” (which was fëa) or a disembodied spirit (which was fairë). Tolkien said:
> Eldar did not confound ordinary “breath” of the lungs with “spirit” ... the Eldar held that “spirits”, the more as they had native power, could emit their influence to make contact with or act upon things exterior to themselves: primarily on upon other spirits, or other incarnate persons (via the fëar), but also in the case of great spirits (such as the Valar or greater Maiar) directly upon physical things without the mediacy of bodies normally necessary in the case of fairondi or incarnates. To describe this, they used (but by deliberate symbolism taken e.g. from such cases as their breathing upon a cold or frosted surface, which was then melted) the √THŪ [“breath”] ... Hence [primitive Eldarin] thū́lē “blowing forth” was used = “spirit” in this special sense: the emission of power (of will or desire) from a spirit (PE17/124).
Thus súlë was used metaphorically as “spirit” in the sense of the movement of a spirit’s power or will upon the world, alongside its more ordinary meaning as “breath”.
Conceptual Development: This word first appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s, already with the meaning and etymology given above (Ety/THŪ). Its appearance in compounds like Súlimë “March” (LotR/1110) and Súlimo “Breather” (S/26, PE21/85) imply a stem form of súli-, but in one place it was given a primitive form ✶thū́lē, which implies a stem form of súle-. The prefixal form súli- was due to blending with primitive ✶sūli, the basis of S. sûl “wind” (NM/237).
There are cases where, especially in his earlier writing, Tolkien used súle for “spirit” in a more traditional sense, as in the phrase ksaráre psare súle “longing frets the spirit” (PE22/119). Thus it may be that Tolkien originally conceived of a semantic evolution for súle closer to Greek πνεῦμα, before differentiating it more clearly as described above.
súriquessë
noun. species of grass, (lit.) wind feather
súrë
noun. wind, breeze
The most common word for “wind” in Quenya, appearing in both the Namárië (LotR/377) and Markirya (MC/222) poems. In one place it was glossed “breeze” (PE17/62) so it seems to cover a wide variety of winds. It was derived from primitive ✶sūri (NM/237), a variant of ✶sūli (VT47/35) from which S. sûl “wind” was derived, all based on the root √SŪ “blow, move with audible sound (of air)” which was primarily applied to the wind (NM/237).
Neo-Quenya: A likely precursor is ᴱQ. súru, used of air spirits in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/66) but translated as “wind” in the Earendel and Oilima Markirya poems written around 1930 (MC/216, 220). In one glossary appearing among Oilima Markirya drafts, Tolkien translated súru as “wind, gale” (PE16/75).
Súlimë
march
Súlimë noun, third month of the year, "March". The word apparently means *"windy one" (Appendix D; SA:sûl; not capitalized in the latter source). Early "Qenya" has súlimë "wind" (LT1:266)
súlo
goblet
súlo (stem *súlu*-, given the primitive form ¤suglu; the pl. may be súlwi) noun "goblet" (SUG; see SUK; apparently changed by Tolkien from súla**, VT46:16)
súlë
spirit, breath
súlë (þ) noun "spirit, breath", also name of tengwa #9; originally thúlë (þúlë), before the shift th > s that occurred shortly before the rebellion of the Noldor (Appendix E, THŪ). Its gloss, "blowing forth", was metaphorically used as "the emission of power (of will or desire) from a spirit" (PE17:124). If the element súlë appears in Súlimë and Súlimo (q.v.), the stem-form may seem to be súli-.
súma
hollow cavity, bosom
súma noun "hollow cavity, bosom"; cf. súmaryassë "in her bosom" (súma-rya-ssë "bosom-her-in") in Markirya
súriquessë
wind feather
súriquessë noun "wind feather" (referring to a "tuft of radiating grass" in a drawing by Tolkien) (J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator, p. 197)
súru
wind
súru noun "wind" (MC:213, 216, 220; this is "Qenya"; Tolkien's later Quenya has súrë)
súrë
wind
súrë noun "wind", stem súri- because of primitive form sūrǐ- (PE17:62),hence the instrumental form súrinen "in the wind" or more literally "by the wind" (Nam, RGEO:66,Markirya, J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator p. 197); Súrion masc.name, "Wind-son" (Appendix A). Early "Qenya" has súru (MC:213, 216, 220). See also súriquessë.
súya-
breathe
súya- (þ) vb. "breathe" (THŪ)
suhto
draught
suhto noun "draught" (SUK)
súlimë
noun. March, *Windy-one
susta-
verb. to blow (tr.)
súma
noun. hollow cavity, bosom
A noun from the Markirya poem of the 1960s glossed “hollow cavity, bosom” (MC/223). Its etymology is unclear.
súta-
verb. to blow (tr.)
súriellë
noun. windflower, anemone
A neologism for “windflower, anemone” coined by Tamas Ferencz, an elaboration of Q. súrë (súri-) “wind”.
súyel
noun. niece
súna-
verb. to be spiritually affected, inspired
@@@ Discord 2022-05-13
súnalë
noun. inspiration
@@@ Discord 2022-05-13
súcë
noun. resinous tree, pine or fir
súyon
noun. nephew, daughter’s son
tanca
firm, fixed, sure
tanca ("k")adj. "firm, fixed, sure" (TAK)
-nen
most nouns have an instrumental in -nen
-nen instrumental ending (pl. -inen, dual -nten, partitive pl. -línen). Attested in ambartanen, lírinen, lintieryanen, súrinen, parmanen; see ambar (#2), lírë, lintië, súrë, parma. Tolkien noted that "most nouns have an instrumental in -nen" (PE17:62), a wording suggesting that the form of the ending may vary; given the normal development ln > ld, it is possible that it would appear as *-den when added to a noun in -l (*macilden "with a sword").
-rya
his, her
-rya 3rd person sg. pronominal ending "his, her" and probably "its" (VT49:16, 38, 48, Nam, RGEO:67), attested in coivierya *"his/her life", máryat "her hands", ómaryo "of her voice" (genitive of *ómarya "her voice"), súmaryassë "in her bosom" (locative of súmarya "her bosom"); for the meaning "his" cf. coarya "his house" (WJ:369). The ending is descended from primitive ¤-sjā via -zya (VT49:17) and therefore connects with the 3rd person ending -s "he, she, it". In colloquial Quenya the ending -rya could be used for "their" rather than "his/her", because it was felt to be related to the plural ending -r,e.g. símaryassen "in their [not his/her] imaginations" (VT49:16, 17). See -ya #4.
Rithil-Anamo
ring of doom
Rithil-Anamo place name "Ring of Doom", translation of the foreign word Máhanaxar that was adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:401). Compare Anamo, q.v. Presumably *Risil-Anamo in Exilic Quenya, since the digraph th of rithil must represent the spirant þ (expressed by the letter súlë, older thúlë, in Tengwar writing).
Sauro
the abhorred
Sauro (þ) (1), usually in longer form Sauron (þ), masc. name "the Abhorred", name of a Maia, the second Dark Lord (said to be the name by which he was "afterwards called", MR:147; according to PE17:183, his original name was Mairon, q.v.). Earlier Thauron (SA:thaur, THUS), archaic *Θaurond- (Letters:380, where the initial Greek letter represents th). The stem of Sauron* would then be Saurond-. Another form of the name is Súro**.
quessë
feather
quessë noun "feather", also name of tengwa #4 (Appendix E, WJ:417, KWES, VT45:24); súriquessë "wind feather" (referring to a "tuft of radiating grass" in a drawing by Tolkien) (J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator, p. 197)
thúlë
thúlë
†thúlë (þúlë) archaic/Vanyarin form of súlë, q.v.
tuilérë
spring-day
tuilérë noun *"Spring-day", a day outside the months in the Steward's Reckoning, inserted between Súlimë and Víressë (rough equivalents of March and April). In Tolkien's early "Qenya", Tuilérë was simply glossed "Spring" (LT1:269).
vailë
noun. wind, [strong] wind, *gale
An obscure word for “wind” in notes from December 1959 (D59) derived from the root √WAYA and appearing in various forms: vëa, vaiwe, and vaile, the last of these with an adjectival form vailima “windy” (P17/189). A similar set of Quenya derivatives of √WAY appeared in notes from 1957, but there most of the forms were rejected: {vaiwe, view-, vaive, víw}, along with unrejected váva (PE17/33-34). Tolkien considered all these as possible cognates of S. gwae “wind”.
Conceptual Development: Precursors include ᴱQ. ’wā “wind” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√GWĀ (QL/102), ᴱQ. vá or vanwe “wind” from Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1930s (PE16/142) and ᴹQ. vaiwa “wind” from The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√WAIWA (Ety/WĀ). Thus the Quenya forms were much less stable than their Sindarin equivalent and its precursor, which were simply G. gwâ “wind” (GL/43; PE13/146) >> N./S. gwae(w) “wind” (Ety/WĀ; NM/237; PE17/33-34, 189).
Neo-Quenya: Of the various forms, I prefer Q. vailë since (a) it is later, (b) has an adjectival form and (c) has a possible direct cognate S. gwael “✱wind”, also from around the same time. Q. súrë is the usual word for “wind” and is thus preferable for most uses, but I think vailë might be used for a strong wind or gale, since elsewere in Quenya derivatives of √WĀ seem to be tied to stronger winds: hwarwa “violent wind”, vangwë “storm” (NM/237).
-da
draught, the amount drunk
-da suffix used to derive nouns denoting the result of an action, like yulda "draught, the amount drunk" (the stem YUL is here given the meaning "drink"). (PE17:68) Cf. also carda "deed" (q.v.) vs. the verb car- "do".
-ya
his
-ya (4) pronominal suffix "his" (and probably also "her, its"), said to be used in "colloquial Quenya" (which had redefined the "correct" ending for this meaning, -rya, to mean "their" because it was associated with the plural ending -r). Hence e.g. cambeya ("k") "his hand", yulmaya "his cup" (VT49:17) instead of formally "correct" forms in -rya. The ending -ya was actually ancient, primitive ¤-jā being used for "all numbers" in the 3rd person, predating elaborated forms like -rya. It is said that -ya "remained in Quenya" in the case of "old nouns with consonantal stems", Tolkien listing tál "foot", cas "head", nér "man", sír "river" and macil "sword" as examples. He refers to "the continued existence of such forms as talya his foot", that could apparently be used even in "correct" Quenya (VT49:17). In PE17:130, the forms talya "his foot" and macilya ("k") "his (or their) sword" are mentioned.
anda
long
anda adj. "long" (ÁNAD/ANDA), "far" (PE17:90).In Andafangar noun "Longbeards", one of the tribes of the Dwarves (= Khuzdul Sigin-tarâg and Sindarin Anfangrim) (PM:320). Compare Andafalassë, #andamacil, andamunda, andanéya, andatehta, Anduinë. Apparently derived from the adj. anda is andavë "long" as adverb ("at great length", PE17:102), suggesting that the ending -vë can be used to derive adverbs from adjectives (LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308)
fëa
spirit
fëa noun "spirit" (pl. fëar attested, MR:363). The Incarnates are said to live by necessary union of hroa (body) and fëa (WJ:405). In Airëfëa noun "the Holy Spirit", Fëanáro masc. name "Spirit of Fire" (Quenya-Sindarin hybrid form: Fëanor), Fëanturi noun "Masters of Spirits", name of the two Valar Mandos and Lórien (SA:tur), fëafelmë noun "spirit-impulse" (impulses originating with the spirit, e.g. love, pity, anger, hate) (VT41:19 cf. 13, VT43:37). In one source it is said to mean specifically a "spirit indwelling a body", i.e. "soul" (PE17:124), which contradicts such uses as Airefëa or Fëanturi. Cf. fairë.
tompë
noun. [unglossed], *pulse, beat
@@@ Neo-meaning “✱pulse, beat” suggested by Röandil on 2023-04-20
quessë
noun. feather
The Quenya word for “feather” and the name of tengwa #4 [z] (LotR/1122).
Conceptual Development: Some similar words appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√QASA: ᴱQ. qasil “arrow-feather, arrow” and ᴱQ. qasilla “tuft, nodding spray, tassel, plume” (QL/76); quasil was only glossed “arrow” in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/76). ᴹQ. qesse “feather” first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KWES (Ety/KWES), already the name of tengwa #4 (EtyAC/KWES). It was also the name of this tengwa in notes on the Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s and 1940s (PE22/22, 51, 61), and remained so into the published version of The Lord of the Rings.
amya-
verb. [unglossed]
conta-
verb. [unglossed]
-zya
his, her, its
-zya, archaic form of the pronominal ending -rya "his, her, its", q.v. (VT49:17)
andavë
long, at great length
andavë adv. "long, at great length" (PE17:102); see anda
ando
long
ando (2) adv. "long"; maybe replaced by andavë; see anda (VT14:5)
arra
adjective. [unglossed]
cairë
?. [unglossed]
cúma
noun. [unglossed]
felca
adjective. [unglossed]
felehta-
verb. [unglossed], *to excavate, tunnel, mine
An untranslated form appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √PHELEG/PHELEK (PE17/118), possibly a verb derived from ✱phelektā- or ✱phelegtā-. The derivatives of this root had to do with mines and tunnels, so perhaps this verb meant “✱to excavate, tunnel, mine”.
finca
noun. [unglossed]
foa
breath, puff of breath
foa (1) noun "breath, puff of breath" (VT47:35, 36)
hendas
?. [unglossed]
hindo
noun. [unglossed]
hindë
noun. [unglossed]
holdë
noun. [unglossed]
hyóla
trump
hyóla noun "trump" (SD:419)
háro
?. [unglossed]
hó
spirit, shadow
hó noun "spirit, shadow" (PE17:86)
húmë
cardinal. thousand
húmë (1) numeral "thousand" (PE13:50). Pl. húmi is attested (used in connection with other numbers, as in "two thousand", i.e. "two thousands").
lindë
air, tune, singing, song
lindë noun "air, tune, singing, song" (SA:gond, (LIN2, [GLIN]); lindelorendor "music-dream-land"; see laurelindórenan lindelorendor... _(LotR2:III ch. 4, cf. Letters:308). _Also compare lindi- in lindimaitar, q.v. (but the other compounds here cited do not give a lindë a stem-form lindi-).
lingi-
verb. [unglossed]
maitya
?. [unglossed]
malsa
?. [unglossed]
melya-
verb. [unglossed], *to be in love
naue
?. [unglossed]
nwalma
pain
nwalma noun "pain" _(VT46:4. In Tengwar writing, the initial NW would be represented by the letter nwalmë.)_
poica
clean, pure
poica ("k")adj. "clean, pure" (POY)
sal-
verb. [unglossed]
sanda
firm, true, abiding
sanda (þ) (1) adj. "firm, true, abiding" (STAN)
sélo
?. [unglossed]
sóla
?. [unglossed]
sóra
long, trailing
sóra adj. "long, trailing" (LT2:344)
thar-
verb. [unglossed]
tomba
noun. [unglossed]
tulca
firm, strong, immovable, steadfast
tulca (1) ("k") adj. "firm, strong, immovable, steadfast" (TULUK)
um(ba)-
prefix. [unglossed]
umbacarin
noun. [unglossed]
vailë
wind
vailë noun "wind" (PE17:189)
vaiwa
wind
vaiwa noun "wind" (WĀ/WAWA/WAIWA)
vaiwë
wind
vaiwë noun "wind" (PE17:189)
vaiwë
noun. wind
vilissë
spirit
vilissë noun "spirit" (GL:23)
vilwa
air, lower air
[vilwa < wilwa] noun "air, lower air" (distinct from the 'upper' air of the stars, or the 'outer') (WIL; in one place vilwa was not struck out, VT46:21) According to VT46:21, Tolkien considered vilda < wilda as a replacement form, but rejected it.
vilya
air, sky
vilya noun "air, sky", also name of tengwa #24. Older wilya. (Appendix E). Early "Qenya" has Vilya (changed from Vilna) "lower air" (LT1:273); also vilya "air" (MC:215)
vëa
wind
vëa (4) noun "wind" (PE17:189)
vëa
noun. wind
wai
wind, weave
wai (what the primitive element ¤wei "wind, weave" became in Quenya; therefore confused with the stem WAY "enfold") (WEY)
wailë
wind
wailë noun "wind", later form vailë, q.v. (PE17:189)
waiwa
wind
waiwa noun "wind" (WĀ/WAWA/WAIWA)
wilma
air, lower air
wilma noun "air, lower air" (distinct from the 'upper' air of the stars, or the 'outer') (WIL)
wá
wind
wá (actually spelt wâ) noun "wind" (LT1:266). Cf. wáya-.
yulda
draught, something drunk, a drink, the amount drunk
yulda noun "draught, something drunk, a drink, the amount drunk", pl. yuldar (Nam, PE17:63, 68, RGEO:66). See -da regarding etymology.
éna
?. [unglossed]
úpa-
verb. [unglossed]
þúlë
noun. spirit
þúna
?. [unglossed]
húmë
cardinal. thousand; †great number
mencë
cardinal. thousand
nen
noun. nostril
tuxainen
cardinal. thousand
An ancient monosyllabic noun for the “sound of wind” appearing in notes from the late 1960s, which survived unchanged from its primitive form into modern Quenya (VT47/12, 35). It was derived from the root √SŪ of similar meaning.
Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. sú appeared all the way back in Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s with the glosses “noise of wind” or “(noise) of wind”, but there it was derived from the early root ᴱ√SUHYU “air, breath, exhale, puff” (QL/86; PME/86). There was no mention of Q. sú in the intervening five decades, however.