va

preposition. away

Cognates

• N. gwa- “*away”

Derivations

• Q. va “(away) from, (away) from, [ᴹQ.] away, [ᴱQ.] gone forth; with”
  • √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ VT49/24

Element in

• ᴹQ. vahai(y)a “far away” ✧ SD/247

-va

suffix. adjectival

Derivations

• ᴹ✶-ba “genitival adjective” ✧ PE21/59

Variations

• va ✧ PE21/59

ea-

verb. to be; to exist, have being, be found extant in the real world

Derivations

• ᴹ√EƷ “be” ✧ PE19/048
• ᴹ✶eʒ- “to be” ✧ PE22/122; PE22/122; PE22/122; PE22/122
  • ᴹ√EƷ “be”

Element in

• ᴹQ. angwion ie uman enwa “the existence of dragons at one time (is) a fact” ✧ PE22/124
• ᴹQ. aran ie mólome “being a king is a burden” ✧ PE22/124
• ᴹQ. Ea “all that is, the World” ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. easte “being, essence” ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. enna “fact” ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. enno “person, *being” ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. enwa “existent, real, true; fact” ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. ére “existing” ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. ére nairea, ére lunga nairenen “existence (in this world) is sorrowful, is fraught with sorrow” ✧ PE22/124; PE22/124
• ᴹQ. évea “future” ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. i·nér né raiqa ar sí aphasta “the man was angry but now is in good humor (lit. it pleases him)” ✧ PE22/124
• ᴹQ. kanya ére kata tulma alwara “to be wise after the event is useless” ✧ PE22/124
• ᴹQ. kanya ére kato alwara “To be wise afterwards is useless” ✧ PE22/124
• ᴹQ. parka ëan “I am thirsty” ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. parka ëa nyé “I am thirsty” ✧ PE22/122
• ᴹQ. qáqi me·vár tasse “we shall all be there” ✧ PE22/124
• ᴹQ. vahaia nóre ëa i a-esta Valinor “far away (there) is a land called Valinor” ✧ PE22/124
• ᴹQ. yára Túro mante ilqa masta ha mé·ne úmahtale “old Túro’s eating of all the bread was a nuisance to us” ✧ PE22/119

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√EƷ > ea	[eɣa] > [ea]	✧ PE19/048
ᴹ✶e-ñ-ʒe > eñge	[eŋɣe] > [eŋge]	✧ PE22/122
ᴹ✶ē̆ʒā > ëa	[eɣa] > [ea]	✧ PE22/122
ᴹ✶eʒyā > ëa	[eɣja] > [eja] > [ea]	✧ PE22/122

Variations

• ea ✧ PE19/048; PE22/123
• ëa ✧ PE22/122; PE22/122; PE22/122

ná-

verb. to be

Derivations

• ᴹ√NĀ/ANA “be, exist” ✧ Ety/NĀ²
• ᴹ✶nē “was; then, ago” ✧ PE22/096

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√NĀ² > nā	[nā]	✧ Ety/NĀ²
ᴹ✶nḗ > né	[nē]	✧ PE22/096

Variations

• nā ✧ Ety/NĀ²

ho

preposition. from

Changes

• o → ho ✧ PE21/60
• ho → o ✧ PE21/60

Cognates

• Ilk. go “from, away; patronymic” ✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆
• N. o “from, of” ✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆

Derivations

• ᴹ√ƷO “from, away, from among, out of” ✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆
• ᴹ✶ʒō “partitive; away from, from among” ✧ PE21/60
  • ᴹ√ƷO “from, away, from among, out of” ✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆; Ety/WŌ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ƷŌ̆ > ho	[ɣo] > [ho]	✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆
ᴹ✶ʒō̆ > o	[-ɣo] > [-o]	✧ PE21/60
ᴹ✶ʒō̆ > ho	[ɣo] > [ho]	✧ PE21/60

Variations

• o ✧ PE21/60; PE21/60 (o)

ye-

verb. to be

Derivations

• ᴹ√YĒ “to be” ✧ PE22/123

Element in

• ᴹQ. yeste “being, existence” ✧ PE22/123
• ᴹQ. en ye tá “that is a tee” ✧ PE22/011
• ᴹQ. etta matie the ye úmahta “his eating it is a nuisance” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. íre ilqa yéva nótina, hostainiéva, yallume “when all is counted, and all numbered at last” ✧ LR/072
• ᴹQ. írima ye Númenor “lovely is Númenor” ✧ LR/072
• ᴹQ. karie ye mólome “making (things) is hard work” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. matie ye mára “eating is (a) good (thing)” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. nan úye sére indo-ninya símen, ullume “but my heart resteth not here for ever” ✧ LR/072
• ᴹQ. ten sí ye tyelma, yéva tyel ar i narqelion “for here is ending, and there will be an end and the Fading” ✧ LR/072; LR/072
• ᴹQ. te ye matina “it is eaten” ✧ PE22/107
• ᴹQ. yé karalya “to be making” ✧ PE22/123
• ᴹQ. (ye) mólome nakie·nye “(it is) hard work to kill me” ✧ PE22/120
• ᴹQ. ye ortalya “is raising” ✧ PE22/117
• ᴹQ. ye sirinyella “*has flown” ✧ PE22/115

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√YE > yē	[jē]	✧ PE22/123

Variations

• yē ✧ PE22/123 (yē)