Quenya 

-on

-on

-n (3) a plural sign used in some of the case endings (WJ:407): Pl. genitive -on, pl. ablative -llon (but also -llor), pl. locative -ssen.

-on

name

-on gen.pl. ending (3O), in aldaron, aranion, elenion, Eldaron, #esseron, Ingweron, Istarion, Númevalion, Quendion, Silmarillion, Sindaron, tasarion (see Nan-Tasarion), Valion, wenderon, yénion. Normally the ending -on is added to the nominative plural, whether it ends in -i or -r, but some nouns in -ë that would have nominative plurals in -i seem to prefer the ending -ron in the genitive (hence #esseron as the gen. pl. of essë "name", though the nominative pl. is attested as essi and we might have expected the gen. pl. *ession; similarly wenderon, Ingweron).

-on

suffix. augmentative, great

-ion

suffix. -son, masculine patronymic

The usual patronymic for “son of” in Quenya, suffixal form of Q. yondo “son” (PE17/170, 190). Tolkien occasionally mentioned variants like -on or -yon, but in practice only -ion appears in actual names.

Conceptual Development: This patronymic dates all the way back to Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/106) and was regularly mentioned in documents throughout the years such as the Early Qenya Grammar and English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s (PE14/45, 75; PE15/77), The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/YŌ) and Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 (PE17/170), always with a similar form, meaning and derivation from roots likes √YO(N). Thus it was very well established in Tolkien’s mind.

Quenya [PE17/170; PE17/190] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ion

son (of), descendant

-ion (patronymic ending) "son (of), descendant" (YŌ/YON, LT1:271, LT2:344). Not to be confused with the genitive ending -on when added to words with nominative plurals in -i, e.g. elenion "of stars" vs. eleni "stars".

Mardil

(one) devoted to the house

Mardil masc. name, "(one) devoted to the house", sc. the "house" of the kings (Appendix A; interpreted in Letters:386). This indicates that the first element can mean "house" in the sense of family or household (see mar, már). This Mardil is described as a good steward, possibly suggesting that mardil ("one devoted to the house/family") could itself function as a common noun "(faithful) steward".

-mo

suffix. agental suffix

Quenya [MR/049; WJ/400] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-a

suffix. adjectival suffix

This suffix is frequently used to create the adjective form of a noun, especially in the form -ëa for nouns ending in . This function dates back to CE. ✶.

Quenya [LotR/1116; MC/223; PE16/096; PE17/115; PE17/149; VT39/20] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-r(o)

suffix. agental suffix

Quenya [PE18/100; VT41/13; WJ/371] Group: Eldamo. Published by

esse

noun. name

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

essë

name

essë (1) noun "name", also later name of Tengwa #31, originally (MET) called árë (ázë). (Appendix E). With a pronominal ending esselya "thy name" (VT43:14). Pl. #essi in PM:339 and MR:470, gen.pl. #esseron "of names" in the compound Nómesseron (q.v.); we would rather have expected *ession, given the nom.pl. essi; perhaps #esser is a valid alternative plural form. Essecarmë noun "name-making" (MR:214, 470), Eldarin ceremony where the father announces the name of his child. Essecenta *("k") noun "Name-essay" (see centa) (MR:415); Essecilmë noun "name-choosing", an Eldarin ceremony where a child named him- or herself according to personal lámatyávë (q.v.) (MR:214, 471). The meaning Tolkien originally assigned to the word essë** in the Etymologies was "place" rather than "name" (VT45:12).

essë

noun. name

Quenya [LotR/1123; MR/216; MR/470; PM/339; UT/266; UTI/epessë; VT42/17; VT43/14; WJ/359] Group: Eldamo. Published by

esta-

verb. name

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

morion

son of the dark

morion noun "son of the dark" (LT1:261). In Fíriel's Song, Morion is translated "dark one", referring to Melko(r); this may be a distinct formation not including the patronymic ending -ion "son", but rather the masculine ending -on added to the adjective morë, mori- "dark".

sanda

name

[sanda, sandë] (þ) (2) noun "name" (VT46:16)

sanya

name

[sanya] (þ) (2) noun ?"name" (reading of gloss uncertain, VT46:16)

velicë

great

velicë ("k") adj. "great" _(LT1:254; probably not valid in Tolkien's later Quenya; in the context of the Etymologies it would have to be derived from _BEL, but it is stated that this stem was "not found in Q". Perhaps Tolkien rejected velicë because it was too similar to the Russian word that clearly inspired it.)

Sindarin 

-on

suffix. masculine suffix

A masculine suffix and ending in male names (PE17/43, 141; WJ/400), probably related to the masculine ending or agental suffix ✶-on(do) (NM/353; Ety/KAL). It becomes -or when following an n (PE17/141).

Conceptual Development: N. -on was often use as a male suffix in the Noldorin of the 1930s and 40s. In Gnomish of the 1910s, it seems G. -os was another common male suffix in words such as G. ainos “(male) god” from neuter G. ain “god” (GL/18) and G. hethos “brother” from neuter G. heth “✱sibling” (GL/48-49), though masculine G. -(r)on was still more common in this early period.

Sindarin [PE17/141; WJ/387; WJ/400] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-on

suffix. augmentative suffix

@@@ most clear in gaearon

Sindarin [PE17/043] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-on

ending referring to persons or animals

pl1. -yn suff. masc. ending referring to persons or animals. -or after n. >> -eth, -or

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:141] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-on

a suffix which appeared in various later-formed names of regions

_ suff. _a suffix which appeared in various later-formed names of regions. >> -ion, Nanduhirion

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:37] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-on

suffix. used in patronymics

_ masc. suff. _used in patronymics. >> -en, -ion, -ien

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:170] < -_(i)ŏn_, _-(ĭ)ondo_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-ion

suffix. -son

The usual Sindarin patronymic suffix, meaning “son of” (PE17/170; Ety/YŌ), a suffixal form of ion(n) “son”. It was occasionally used for “descendants”, especially as a class plural, as in Hurinionath “Descendants of Húrin” (PM/202).

Conceptual Development: In Gnomish, the prefix G. go- or gon- (suffixal -iod, -ion, -ios) was initially used with the meaning “son of” as in Gon Indor “✱Son of Indor” (LT2/217), but in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s the prefix was revised to G. bo- or bon-, as in Tuor bo-Beleg, along with suffixal -von or -mon (GL/23, 40-41). Tolkien reintroduced suffixal N. -ion “son” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√YO(N) “son” (Ety/YŌ), and seems to have stuck with it thereafter.

Sindarin [PE17/170] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ion

suffix. -region, -land

@@@ appears in earlier names as Noldorized form of Ilk. genitive plural -ion.

Sindarin [PE17/037; PE17/042; PE17/043; PE17/115; RC/269; UT/318] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-on(d)

suffix. -region, -land

-eth

ending referring to persons or animals

pl1. -ith suff. fem. ending referring to persons or animals. -es after dh [=ð], th. >> -es, -on

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:141] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-(r)on

suffix. agental suffix

Sindarin [PE17/170] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-a

suffix. [old] genitive suffix

Sindarin [NM/355; PE17/097; VT42/04] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-i

suffix. adjectival suffix

-or

suffix. agental suffix

Sindarin [LotR/0081] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-os

suffix. augmentative suffix

-oth

suffix. augmentative suffix

Sindarin [PE17/045; PE17/151; S/106] Group: Eldamo. Published by

beleg

adjective. great, mighty

Sindarin [Ety/352, S/428] Group: SINDICT. Published by

daer

adjective. great

Sindarin [UT/450, WJ/187, WJ/335, VT/42:11] Group: SINDICT. Published by

eneth

noun. name

Sindarin [VT/44:21,24] Group: SINDICT. Published by

esta-

verb. to name

Sindarin [estathar SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

#dae

great

#dae (lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".

beleg

great

beleg (mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig

beleg

great

(mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig

dae

great

(lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".

daer

great

daer (large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

great

(large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

eneth

name

(noun) eneth (pl. enith)

eneth

name

(pl. enith)

ess

noun. name

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

esta

name

(verb.) esta- (call) (i esta, in estar)

esta

name

(call) (i esta, in estar)

Noldorin 

-on

suffix. masculine suffix

-on

suffix. agental suffix

-ion Reconstructed

suffix. -region, -land

-(r)on

suffix. agental suffix

Noldorin [Ety/BAD; Ety/BARÁD; Ety/KHAT; Ety/MEL; EtyAC/MAK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-(i)on

suffix. adjectival suffix

-or

suffix. agental suffix

Noldorin [Ety/MAK; Ety/ÑGOL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-we

suffix. masculine suffix

beleg

adjective. great, mighty

Noldorin [Ety/352, S/428] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Primitive elvish

-on(do)

suffix. masculine ending

Primitive elvish [NM/353] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ni

suffix. adjectival suffix

Seen in lugni < LUG, luini < LUY and ninkwi < NIKW (with subsequent metathesis). Possibly a (rare) variant of -nā and/or -i.

Primitive elvish [PE17/168, PE21/81, PE17/136, 161; VT48/24, 27] Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-ya

suffix. adjectival suffix

Primitive elvish [PE21/78; PE21/81; PE22/136; VT42/10; VT42/25; VT49/17] Group: Eldamo. Published by

en

root. name

Khuzdûl

-n Speculative

suffix. -one

gabil Reconstructed

adjective. great

Nandorin 

-a

suffix. adjectival/genitival

Nandorin [NM/351; PE17/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Adûnaic

suffix. masculine suffix

A suffix used to form masculine nouns from common or neuter nouns (SD/435). Another common variant was (SD/438).

-ân Reconstructed

suffix. agental suffix

A suffix that is used in some examples for agental-formation: creating nouns from verbs that indicate the agent who performs the verb’s action. The clearest example is sapthân “wise man” derived (after some ancient sound modifications) from saphad- “to understand”. This formation means “✱one who understands”. Less clear examples are ✱magân “wright, ✱builder”, perhaps from a verb ✱mag- “to build”, and kathuphazgân “conquerer”, perhaps a combined of katha “all” and a verb ?phazag- “to take”, meaning “✱one who takes all”.

It is not clear how this suffix related to the similar participle suffix -ân used for form adjectives from verbs. See the entry on participle for further discussion. Andreas Moehn suggested (EotAL/TAN) that -ân as an agental formation may be related to anâ “human being”.


Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Gnomish

-on

suffix. noun suffix

Gnomish [GL/38; GL/39] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-onta

suffix. superlative

Gnomish [GG/16; GL/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-(i)on

suffix. adjectival suffix

Gnomish [GL/17; GL/20; GL/21; GL/25; GL/27; GL/33; GL/34; GL/36; GL/46; GL/48] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-(r)on

suffix. agental suffix

Gnomish [GL/18; GL/21; GL/22; GL/24; GL/28; GL/36; GL/41; GL/42; GL/44; GL/47; GL/49; GL/69] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-eg

suffix. adjectival suffix

-ir

suffix. agental suffix

-la

suffix. noun suffix

-li

suffix. noun suffix

Gnomish [GL/24; GL/28; GL/30; GL/32; GL/33; GL/34; GL/35; GL/36; GL/38; GL/40; GL/45; GL/68] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-od

suffix. noun suffix

Gnomish [GL/25; GL/30; GL/31; GL/41; GL/42; PE13/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-odro(n)

suffix. augmentative

Gnomish [GG/16; GL/33] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-og

suffix. agental suffix

Gnomish [GL/34; GL/43; PE13/109] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-og

suffix. adjectival suffix

Gnomish [GL/18; GL/19; GL/23; GL/27; GL/28; GL/29; GL/30; GL/31; GL/32; GL/33; GL/34; GL/35; GL/39; GL/41; GL/42; GL/46; GL/47] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-oglo(n)

suffix. augmentative

-or

suffix. agental suffix

Gnomish [GL/18; GL/31] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-os

suffix. masculine suffix

Gnomish [GL/18; GL/49] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-st

suffix. noun suffix

-thi

suffix. noun suffix

Gnomish [GL/24; GL/33; GL/35; GL/39; GL/40; GL/42; GL/44; GL/45; GL/47; LT1A/Vána] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-weg

suffix. masculine suffix

Gnomish [GL/21; GL/24; GL/28; GL/30; GL/32; GL/34; GL/42; LT1A/Bronweg; LT1A/Finwë; LT1A/Manwë; LT1A/Vailimo; PE13/109] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-wen

suffix. noun suffix

Gnomish [GG/08; GL/19; GL/22; GL/24; GL/25; GL/29; GL/30; GL/31; GL/33; GL/35; GL/36; GL/38; GL/42; GL/43; GL/49; LT1A/Palúrien; PE13/114] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-weth

suffix. noun suffix

Gnomish [GL/24; GL/38; GL/39; GL/44; GL/45] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-wi

suffix. noun suffix

Gnomish [GL/35; GL/48] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enn

noun. name

Qenya 

-on

suffix. great

-ion

suffix. -son

-o

suffix. *genitive ending

-mo

suffix. agental suffix

-a

suffix. adjectival suffix

-ro

suffix. agental suffix

-we

suffix. masculine suffix

Qenya [Ety/WEG; PE21/01] Group: Eldamo. Published by

esse

noun. name

Qenya [Ety/ES; PE22/022; PE22/051; PE22/124; SD/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

-ion

suffix. -son

Early Quenya [LT1A/Urwen; LT2/089; LT2A/go; LT2A/Indorion; PE14/045; PE14/075; PE15/77; QL/096; QL/103; QL/106] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-yon

suffix. -son

-(v)ando

adjective. augmentative

-(y)ando

adjective. augmentative

Early Quenya [PE14/048; PE14/081] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-a

suffix. adjectival suffix

Early Quenya [PE14/047; PE14/051; PE14/079; PE15/67; PE15/73; PE16/100; QL/030; QL/033; QL/034; QL/035; QL/037; QL/039; QL/042; QL/043; QL/047; QL/048; QL/049; QL/051; QL/052; QL/053; QL/054; QL/055; QL/056; QL/057; QL/058; QL/060; QL/061; QL/063; QL/064; QL/065; QL/066; QL/067; QL/068; QL/069; QL/070; QL/072; QL/073; QL/074; QL/075; QL/076; QL/077; QL/078; QL/079; QL/080; QL/081; QL/082; QL/083; QL/086; QL/087; QL/088; QL/090; QL/091; QL/092; QL/094; QL/095; QL/096; QL/097; QL/099; QL/101; QL/102; QL/103; QL/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ea

suffix. adjectival suffix

-ilda

suffix. augmentative

-ina

suffix. adjectival suffix

Early Quenya [PE15/77; QL/031; QL/043; QL/044; QL/045; QL/047; QL/051; QL/057; QL/058; QL/074; QL/075; QL/080; QL/081; QL/083; QL/084; QL/086; QL/087; QL/088; QL/091; QL/093; QL/094; QL/102; QL/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ine

suffix. noun suffix

Early Quenya [QL/043; QL/047; QL/052; QL/057; QL/058; QL/063; QL/072; QL/075; QL/082; QL/087; QL/095; QL/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-lda

suffix. augmentative

Early Quenya [PE14/047; PE14/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-lin

suffix. noun suffix

-lis

suffix. noun suffix

Early Quenya [QL/029; QL/032; QL/043; QL/057; QL/071; QL/077; QL/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-mo

suffix. agental suffix

Early Quenya [QL/052; QL/058; QL/078; QL/100] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ndo

suffix. masculine suffix

Early Quenya [QL/040] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-nu

suffix. masculine suffix

A common masculine suffix in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s in words like varyanu “[male] foreigner”, probably a reduced form of ᴱQ. anu (QL/31) and often paired with its feminine equivalent ᴱQ. -ni.

Early Quenya [QL/036; QL/040; QL/095; QL/100] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ra

suffix. adjectival suffix

Early Quenya [QL/030; QL/048; QL/066; QL/071; QL/091; QL/094; QL/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-re

suffix. noun suffix

Early Quenya [QL/031; QL/055; QL/078; QL/091; QL/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-rin

suffix. noun suffix

Early Quenya [QL/035; QL/050] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-umea

suffix. augmentative

-umya

suffix. augmentative

-yanda

adjective. augmentative

-úme

suffix. augmentative

Early Quenya [PE14/048; PE14/081; QL/088; QL/091; QL/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by

en(we)

noun. name

Early Quenya [QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

morion

masculine name. Son of the Dark

Early Quenya [LT1A/Mornië; PME/063; QL/062] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

-on Reconstructed

suffix. masculine suffix

Apparently a masculine suffix attested in the name Dairon.

-en Reconstructed

suffix. adjectival suffix

An adjectival suffix appearing as both -en and -in, and in one place as -on: Brithon. The -en form can be easily explained as a derivative of the primitive suffix ᴹ✶-ina, with the [[ilk|primitive [i] becoming [e] due to Ilkorin a-affection]], the same origin as the Noldorin adjectival suffix -en. The -in variant is more difficult to explain. At least one example lómen had variations with both -en and -in, so perhaps the two forms represented vacillation on the function of Ilkorin a-affection, or an alternate primitive form ᴹ✶-ină where the final ă was lost before a-affection.

Alternately, -in could be a Doriathrin-specific variant, since the forms where it appears are all Doriathrin, while the forms where -en appear are marked Ilkorin, excepting only lómen which was itself revised from lómin.

Doriathrin [Ety/LAM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

-ndō

suffix. agental suffix

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ya

suffix. adjectival suffix

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/59] Group: Eldamo. Published by

daʒ

root. great

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/DAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

-eb

suffix. adjectival suffix

Early Noldorin [PE13/108; PE13/136; PE13/158; PE13/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

-ro

suffix. agental suffix

Old Noldorin [Ety/LED] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive adûnaic

-ān Reconstructed

suffix. agental suffix

An apparent primitive form of the Classical Adûnaic agental suffix -ân, attested in the Primitive Adûnaic word saphdān = SAPHAD + -ān (SD/421).

Primitive adûnaic [SD/421] Group: Eldamo. Published by