Avamanyar noun Elves that refused to go to Aman (= Avari) (WJ:370). Sg. Avamanya (PE17:143)
Quenya
ava
outside, beyond
ava
adverb/adjective. *outer, [ᴹQ.] outside, beyond; outer, exterior
ava
interjection. strong or curt refusal
Avamanyar
avamanyar
avarin
proper name. language(s) of the Avari, *of the Avari
Term referring to the languages of the Avari (WJ/410).
Conceptual Development: The term ᴹQ. Avarin appeared in the Comparative Tables from the 1930s, replacing the older term ᴹQ. Lemberin (PE19/19). Earlier still in the 1920s, Tolkien used the term ᴱQ. Ilkorin to refer to the languages of the Elves who remained behind in Middle-earth (PE14/62), but by the 1930s the term ᴹQ. Ilkorin referred only to the languages of the Elves of Beleriand (which in still later writings became Sindarin).
áva
don't!
áva, avá (the latter stressed on the final syllable) "Don't!", negative imperative particle (compare ala, #ála). Cf. ávan "I won't" (also ván, ványë); áva carë! ("k") "don't do it!" (WJ:371)
áva
particle. don’t, negative imperative
avallónë
place name. Outer Isle
The name for a port city on the island of Tol Eressëa, so named for its nearness to Valinor (S/260). This name seems to be a compound of ava “outer” and lónë “island”.
Conceptual Development: This name first appears as ᴹQ. Avallon, another name for the island Tol Eressëa in the earliest tales of the “Fall of Númenor” from the 1930s (LR/24). The name was doubtless a deliberate allusion to the Avalon of Celtic legend. At this stage, the island was so named “for it is hard by Valinor”, so perhaps it included an abbreviation of Valinor as an element. In The Etymologies, the name appeared instead as ᴹQ. Avalóna “Outer Isle” (Ety/AWA, LONO), a compound of ᴹQ. ava “outer” and ᴹQ. lóna “island”.
In the Tolkien’s revised stories on the Fall of Númenor from the 1940s, the name ᴹQ. Avallon(de) appeared as a name of a city on Tol Eressëa (SD/399). This name was also used as a name for Valinor itself, where it was glossed “Haven of the Gods” (SD/344); in this version of the story, ancient legends confused the island of Tol Eressëa with the land of Valinor itself. The name Avallonde most likely contained the element ᴹQ. londe “haven”, and its initial element was perhaps an allusion to the Vala (or their Adûnaic name Avalô). In the Tolkien’s writings in the 1930s and 1940s, these names applied to either the island or the city, but never appeared together.
In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, the name appeared as Avallónë in a footnote, again as a name of Tol Eressëa “signifying the isle that lies nighest unto the Valar in Valinor” (MR/175). At this stage, Tolkien seems to have changed ᴹQ. lóna to Q. lónë “island”. In the materials making up the published version of The Silmarillion, the name Avallónë was once again applied instead to the city of Tol Eressëa (S/260). It is unclear why the name’s final element wasn’t changed back to Q. londë “haven”, which would be a better fit for the name of a port city.
avamanyar
collective name. Elves who would not go to Aman
Another name of the Avari meaning “Elves who would not go to Aman”. This term was coined to distinguish them from the Úmanyar “Elves who did not go to Aman, but not because they refused” (that is, the Sindar). It is a combination of Amanyar (“Elves of Aman”) with the prefix ava- for refusal. Unlike the other elaborations of Amanyar, this term appears in the singular in at least one place: avamanya “not (willing to go to) Aman” (PE17/143).
avar
proper name. Refuser, Elf who did not journey to Aman
The Elves who refused to journey to Aman, an agental formation of the ancient verb ava- “to refuse” with the common agental suffix -r(o) (VT47/13, WJ/371). This name most frequently appeared in its plural form Avari referring to this entire people (S/52).
Conceptual Development: The name ᴹQ. Avar(o) first appeared in plural form * in Tolkien’s linguistic notes from the 1930s with the gloss “The Departing”, and referred to those elves who left Middle-earth, whereas those who remained were referred to by the earlier name the ᴹQ. Lembi “Lingerers” (LR/169-170). Tolkien soon revised this name to refer to the Elves who remained behind, effectively replacing the term Lembi (LR/200). This name appeared in The Etymologies* with essentially the same derivation as given above (Ety/AB).
ava-
without
ava- (3) prefix "without" (AR2, AWA). In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" (q.v.)
ava-
not to be said, that must not be said
ava- (2) prefix indicating something forbidden: avaquétima "not to be said, that must not be said", avanyárima "not to be told or related" (WJ:370)
ava-
was not
ava- (4) vb with pa.t. avanë. This verb is not clearly glossed; apparently meaning refuse or prohibit(WJ:370). Cf. áva, Avamanyar. What is seems to be more or less the same verb has its principal tenses listed (with the ending -n "I") in VT49:13: aorist avan, present ávan (ávëan), future auvan for older avuvan, past avanen or auvan, perfect avávien. In one version of the paradigm, the present tense ávëan and past avanen are marked as archaic/poetic forms. One text seemingly uses the pa.t. aunë in the sense "was not", as a negative verb, but this may have been a short-lived idea of Tolkiens (the text was revised).
avathar
place name. Shadows
A region in the far south of Aman where Ungoliant dwelled before she was recruited by Morgoth to destroy the Two Trees (S/73-4). Its meaning is uncertain. In one place (MR/284) Tolkien declared that it was ancient Quenya with the meaning “Shadows”. Elsewhere (WJ/404) he said it was not an Elvish word at all and was probably adapted from Valarin. Its use of “th” [θ] means this name must have been archaic or from the Vanyarin dialect, since [[q|[θ] became [s]]] by the time of the Noldorin exile.
Very likely it is derived from the root √WATHAR (VT42/9-10) as suggested to me by Lokyt.
Conceptual Development: The earliest mention of this region was perhaps the name ᴱQ. Harwalin “Near the Valar” (QL/39), though this form had many variations. The issue is confused in Tolkien’s very early writing, because this name was often interchanged with ᴱQ. Eruman (later Q. Araman). In the Lost Tales, Tolkien eventually settled on the name ᴱQ. Arvalin “Nigh Valinor” (LT1/22), and the region retained this name for a long time, appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as ᴹQ. Arvalin “Outside Valinor” (Ety/AR²). It wasn’t until Tolkien’s Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s that the name changed to its final form, first (briefly) Vastuman of unclear meaning, then Avathar (MR/291).
Avacúma
exterior void beyond the world
Avacúma place-name, "Exterior Void beyond the World" (AWA, (OY) )
Avallónë
of all cities the nearest to valinor
Avallónë place-name; haven and city on Tol Eressëa. In the Akallabêth the city is said to be so named because it is "of all cities the nearest to Valinor", but the etymology is not further explained. The Etymologies gives Avalóna "the outer isle" = Tol Eressëa (LONO, (AWA), VT45:28)
Avathar
not elvish
Avathar place-name denoting the land between the southern Pelóri and the Sea, where Ungoliant dwelt; said to be "not Elvish" in WJ:404 and must be thought of as an adaptation from Valarin; on the other hand, MR:284 states that it is "ancient Quenya" and offers the interpretation "The Shadows". Whatever the case, it must have become *Avasar in Exilic Quenya.
avahaira
remote, far
avahaira adj. "remote, far" (KHAYA)
avanir
unwill
avanir noun "unwill" (VT39:23)
avanwa
refused, forbidden, banned
avanwa adj. "refused, forbidden, banned" (PE17:143), blended in meaning with vanwa, q.v.
avanyárima
not to be told or related
avanyárima adj. "not to be told or related" (WJ:370), "unspeakable, wahat one must not tell" (PE17:143)
avanótë
without number, numberless
avanótë adj. "without number, numberless" (AWA, AR2, VT49:36)
avaquet-
refuse, forbid
avaquet- ("q")vb. "refuse, forbid" (KWET)
avaquétima
not to be said, that must not be said
avaquétima adj. "not to be said, that must not be said" (WJ:370)
avar
recusant, one who refuses to act as advised or commanded
avar noun "recusant, one who refuses to act as advised or commanded"; pl. Avari Elves that refused to join in the westward march to Aman (WJ:371, singular Avar in WJ:377 and VT47:13, 24).The Etymologies gives Avar or Avaro, pl. Avari "Elves who never left Middle-earth or began the march" (AB/ABAR)
avatyar-
forgive
#avatyar- vb. "forgive" (VT43:18); the form ávatyara (VT43:10) seems to include the imperative particle á (the two-word phrase *á avatyara "forgive!" merging into ávatyara). Plural aorist avatyarir (VT43:20). Where Tolkien used avatyar-, he cited the person(s) forgiven in the ablative (ávatyara mello** "forgive us", literally "from us"), whereas the matter that is forgiven appears as a direct object (VT43:11). Compare apsenë**.
ava-
verb. to refuse, forbid
ava-
prefix. negation (refusing or forbidden)
avalatya-
verb. to close, shut
avalerya-
verb. to restrain, to deprive of liberty
avanir
noun. unwill
avanyárima
adjective. unspeakable, what one must not tell, not to be told or related
avaquétima
adjective. not to be said, that must not be said
avalda
adjective. move[d], stirred, excited
@@@ per Helge Fauskanger, probably an archaic form (QQ/awalda).
avanwa
adjective. refused, forbidden, banned
ava-
verb. refuse, forbid
avante
verb. refused
refused, denied, said nay
avatyar-
verb. *to forgive, (lit.) do away with
yáva
noun. *fruit
avamarwa
adjective. homeless
avamat-
verb. to fast, (lit.) refuse to eat
avanev-
verb. to avoid, (lit.) refuse to face
avanut-
verb. to untie
avarta-
verb. to abandon
avatup-
verb. to uncover, expose
latya-
to open anything (so as to allow entry)
latya- (2) vb. "to open anything (so as to allow entry)" (PE17:159). Cf. the negated form avalatya *"un-open" = to "close"? (VT41:6). See ava- #3.
mailitya
adjective. (greedily) wealthy, avaricious
Vala
power, god, angelic power
Vala (1) noun "Power, God, angelic power", pl. Valar or Vali (BAL, Appendix E, LT2:348), described as "angelic governors" or "angelic guardians" (Letters:354, 407). The Valar are a group of immensely powerful spirits guarding the world on behalf of its Creator; they are sometimes called Gods (as when Valacirca, q.v., is translated "Sickle of the Gods"), but this is strictly wrong according to Christian terminology: the Valar were created beings. The noun vala is also the name of tengwa #22 (Appendix E). Genitive plural Valion "of the Valar" (FS, MR:18); this form shows the pl. Vali, (irregular) alternative to Valar (the straightforward gen. pl. Valaron is also attested, PE17:175). Pl. allative valannar *"to/on the Valar" (LR:47, 56; SD:246). Feminine form Valië (Silm), in Tolkiens earlier material also Valdë; his early writings also list Valon or Valmo (q.v.) as specifically masc. forms. The gender-specific forms are not obligatory; thus in PE17:22 Varda is called a Vala (not a Valië), likewise Yavanna in PE17:93. Vala is properly or originally a verb "has power" (sc. over the matter of Eä, the universe), also used as a noun "a Power" _(WJ:403). The verb vala- "rule, order", exclusively used with reference to the Valar, is only attested in the sentences á vala Manwë! "may Manwë order it!" and Valar valuvar "the will of the Valar will be done" (WJ:404). However, Tolkien did not originally intend the word Valar to signify "powers"; in his early conception it apparently meant "the happy ones", cf. valto, vald- (LT2:348)_. For various compounds including the word Vala(r), see below.
apsene-
remit, release, forgive
apsene- vb. "remit, release, forgive" (VT43:18, 20; it is unclear whether the final -e is somehow part of the verbal stem or is just the final form of the ending -i associated with the aorist, so that "I forgive" would be *apsenin). Where Tolkien used apsene-, he cited the person(s) forgiven in the dative (ámen apsenë "forgive us", literally "for us"), whereas the matter that is forgiven appears as a direct object (VT43:12). Compare avatyar-.
lerya-
release, set free, let go
lerya- vb. "release, set free, let go"; negated avalerya- "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty" (VT41:5, 6)
vanwa
gone, lost, no longer to be had, vanished, departed, dead, past, past and over, gone on the road, over
vanwa adj. "gone, lost, no longer to be had, vanished, departed, dead, past, past and over, gone on the road, over" (WJ:366, Nam, RGEO:67, WAN, LT1:264; older wanwa, PE17:143). The word was "not applied to _dead persons _except those who would not return, either because of a special doom (as [in the case of] Men) or because of a special will of their own (as Felagund or Míriel) or a special ban of Mandos (as Feanor)" (PE17:143). Also see avanwa.
ala
not
ala, #ála (1) imperative particle á, a combined with the negation lá, -la "not" to express a prohibition (VT43:22; see lá #1). Also with 1st person suffix -lyë (alalyë and álalyë, VT43:10, 22, VT44:8) and 1st person pl. object suffix -më (alamë and álamë, "do not [do something to] us", as in álamë tulya, "do not lead us", VT43:12, 22). In the essay Quendi and Eldar, negative imperatives are rather indicated by áva, q.v., but this form can well coexist with ala, #ála.
auta-
go away, leave
auta- (1) vb. "go away, leave" (leave the point of the speaker's thought); old "strong" past tense anwë, usually replaced by vánë, perfect avánië but when the meaning is purely physical "went away (to another place)" rather than "disappear", the past tense oantë, perfect oantië was used. Past participle vanwa "gone, lost, no longer to be had, vanished, departed, dead, past and over" (WJ:366)
avánië
avánië
avánië, pl. avánier, perfect tense of auta-, q.v. (WJ:366)
vánië
vánië
vánië vb., an augmentless perfect of auta- (q.v.) that may occur in verse; regular form avánië (WJ:366)
auta-
verb. to go (away), depart, leave; to disappear, be lost, pass away
öar
adverb. away from
-enca
without, -less
-enca suffix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. nec-, q.v.
ala-
not
ala- (2) negative prefix "not", "un-", reduced to al- before a vowel (VT42:33, GALA, VT45:25), though the example Alcorin would suggest that al- can sometimes appear before a consonant as well. In a deleted entry in Etym, al(a)- was defined as "not" and said to be a "pure negative" (VT45:5). In alahasta, Alamanyar, alasaila, Alcorin.
apta-
verb. to refuse, deny, say nay
ar-
outside
ar- (1) prefix "outside" (AR2), element meaning "beside" (VT42:17), "by" (PE17:169; in the same source the glosses "near, by, beside" were rejected). Cf. ara.
ara
outside, beside, besides
ara prep.(and adv.?) "outside, beside, besides" (AR2, VT49:57). According to VT45:6, the original glosses were "without, outside, beside", but Tolkien emended this. Arsë "he is out", VT49:23, 35, 36. As for ar(a), see ar #1. VT49:25 lists what seems to be ar(a) combined with various pronominal suffixes: Singular anni > arni "beside me", astyë "beside you" (informal), allë "besides you" (formal), arsë "beside him/her", plural anwë > armë "beside us" (exclusive), arwë "beside us" (inclusive), astë > ardë "beside you" (plural), astë > artë "beside them"; dual anwet > armet "beside us (two)". (Here Tolkien presupposes that ara represents original ada-.) The same source lists the unglossed forms ari, arin that may combine the preposition with the article, hence "beside the" (VT49:24-25)
au
away from
o (3) prep.? variant (along with au and va) of the stem awa "away from" (VT49:24). It is uncertain whether this o is a Quenya word; Patrick Wynne suggests it could be the first element of the preposition ollo "away from" (ibid.)
au-
without
au- (3) privative prefix, = "without" (AWA)
ausië
wealth
ausië noun "wealth" (LT2:336; rather lar or alma in Tolkiens later Quenya)
auta-
verb. go away
auta-
verb. to possess, own, keep
eccaira
remote, far
eccaira ("k") adj. "remote, far" (KHAYA)
etsë
outside, exterior
etsë noun "outside, exterior", glosses changed from ?"issuing" and ?"spring" (VT45:13)
ettë
outside
ettë noun(and/or adv.?) "outside" (ET)
fainu-
release
fainu- vb. "release" (LT1:250). Rather lerya- or sen- in Tolkien's later Quenya.
haira
remote, far
haira adj. "remote, far" (KHAYA)
lenweta-
go away, migrate, leave ones abode
lenweta- vb. "go away, migrate, leave ones abode", pa.t. lenwentë (PE17:51)
maptalë
ravishment, rape, seizure
maptalë noun "ravishment, rape, seizure" (PE13:163)
nec-
without, -less
nec- prefix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. -enca, q.v.
nec-
prefix. without
ollo
away from
ollo (2) prep. "away from" (VT49:24)
ollo
preposition. away from
pen
without, not having
[pen prep. "without, not having" (PE17:171). Cf. Ú #1.]
sac-
verb. to close
tele
verb. mean, intend
vá-
prefix. negation (refusing or forbidden)
vórima
adjective. faithful, faithful, *(lit.) able to endure; [ᴹQ.] continuous, enduring, repeated; [ᴱQ.] everlasting
öa-
verb. to possess, own, keep
ú
without, destitute of
ú (1) adv. and prep. "without, destitute of" (VT39:14). Usually followed by genitive: ú calo "without light" (cala). In one source, ú is seemingly also used as a negative verb "was not" (VT49:13), but Tolkien revised the text in question.
úquétima
unspeakable
úquétima adj. "unspeakable", sc. impossible to say, put into words; also "unpronounceable" (WJ:370)
úva
will not
úva (1) vb. "will not", future tense of a negative verb (present/aorist tense úyë?) in Fíriel's Song. Compare #úva as the future tense of the negative verb ua- (q.v.) in a later source (PE17:144, where the verb is cited with a 1st person sg. ending: úvan).
autaila
adjective. going, passing, nearly gone
leryalë
noun. release
únut-
verb. to untie
ava (1) adv.? noun? prep.? "outside, beyond" (AWA, VT45:6)