-úmë

large

-úmë (3) suffix "large" (of quantity)", as in liyúmë "host" (VT48:32)

Turcafinwë

strong, powerful (in body) finwë

Turcafinwë masc. name, "strong, powerful (in body) Finwë", masc. name; he was called Celegorm in Sindarin. Short Quenya name Turco. (PM:352), compare #turco "chief" (q.v.)

alat-

large, great in size

alat- prefix "large, great in size". (ÁLAT, cf. VT45:5). In Alatairë.

alta

large, great in size

alta (1) adj. *"large, great in size" (root meaning)(ÁLAT). Alat- in Alatairë, q.v.

melehta

mighty

melehta adj. "mighty" (PE17:115), cf. meletya

melehta

adjective. mighty

An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form ✱✶mbelektā (with [kt] > [ht]). A variant form meletya appears with the 2nd-plural possessive suffix -lda as Meletyalda “your mighty” in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/369), likely from the primitive form ✱✶mbelekya (with [kj] > [tj]). This variant form has a more typical primitive adjective suffix ✶-ya, but is inconsistent with the attested Sindarin cognate S. belaith, so I’d stick with melehta for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Cognates

• S. belaith “mighty” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

• √MBELEK “mighty, powerful, strong; power as force or strength; great, large” ✧ PE17/115
  • √BEL “*strong, [ᴹ√] strong” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

• Q. Aran Meletyalda “king your mighty” ✧ WJ/369

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√mbelek > melehta	[mbelekta] > [melekta] > [melexta]	✧ PE17/115

meletya

mighty

#meletya adj. "mighty", isolated from meletyalda adjective with suffix "your mighty" = "your majesty" (see -lda; meletya = *"mighty"). In full Aran Meletyalda "king your mighty" = "your majesty" (WJ:369). Compare melehta.

meletya

adjective. mighty

nerdo

large, strong man

nerdo noun "large, strong man" (compare nér) (VT47:33)

pol

large, big (strong)

pol (2) adj. "large, big (strong)". Since this would be the sole example of a monosyllabic Quenya adjective, it may be that Tolkien is here citing the root POL rather than a complete word. Cf. polda.

poldorë

strong, burly

poldorë noun? (not glossed, derived from polda "strong, burly": possibly "strength" as an abstract) (POL/POLOD)

taura

mighty, masterful

taura adj. "mighty, masterful" (TUR, PE17:115), "very mighty, vast, of unmeasured might or size" (VT39:10). Cf. túrëa.

velicë

great

velicë ("k") adj. "great" _(LT1:254; probably not valid in Tolkien's later Quenya; in the context of the Etymologies it would have to be derived from _BEL, but it is stated that this stem was "not found in Q". Perhaps Tolkien rejected velicë because it was too similar to the Russian word that clearly inspired it.)

úra

large

úra (2) adj. "large" (UR), probably obsoleted by #1 above

beleg

masculine name. Beleg

A hero of Doriath and friend of Túrin (S/200). His name is simply the adjective beleg “mighty” used as a name (SA/beleg).

Conceptual Development: The name G. Beleg dates back to the earliest Lost Tales, already having its later etymology (LTA2/Beleg). The name reappeared in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (LB/30), and again in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/287). In The Etymologies, Beleg was designated an Ilkorin name, translated “Strong” (Ety/BEL).

Elements

Word	Gloss
beleg	“great, mighty; large, big, great, mighty; large, big, [ᴱN.] huge”

beleg

adjective. great, mighty; large, big, great, mighty; large, big, [ᴱN.] huge

The primitive form of this word in later writings is unclear. The development in Quenya seems indicates a primitive initial ✶mb- and a primitive form of ✶mbeleke, as in ✶Mbelekōro or ✶Mbelekōre > Q. Melkor (PE17/115, WJ/402). However, the nasal mutation meleg appears in Taur-i-Melegyrn “Forest of the Great Trees”, indicating a primitive initial ✶b- and a primitive form of ✶beleke. It is possible the soft mutation veleg appears Arveleg, also indicating a primitive initial ✶b-. @@@ Also Cûl Veleg.

It may be that the strengthening of √BEL ⇒ √MBEL occurred only in Quenya, and the Sindarin form developed from the original √BEL instead. Since The Etymologies state that √BEL was “not found in Q[uenya]”, this seems a likely scenario to me.

Cognates

• Q. velca “large, great, big” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

• ✶(m)belek- “large, great, big, large, great, big, [ᴹ✶] huge; mighty” ✧ PE17/115
  • √MBELEK “mighty, powerful, strong; power as force or strength; great, large” ✧ PE17/115
  • √BEL “*strong, [ᴹ√] strong” ✧ PE17/115
• √MBELEK “mighty, powerful, strong; power as force or strength; great, large” ✧ PE17/115
  • √BEL “*strong, [ᴹ√] strong” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

• S. Arveleg
• S. Beleg ✧ SA/beleg
• S. Belegaer “Great Sea” ✧ SA/beleg
• S. Belegorn “*Great-tree”
• S. Belegost “Mickleburg, (lit.) Great Fortress” ✧ SA/beleg
• S. Belegund “*Great-prince”
• S. Belegûr “He who arises in Might, (lit.) Mighty Arising”
• S. Belegurth “Great Death”
• S. Cûl Veleg “Bigload” ✧ RC/536
• S. Laer Cú Beleg “Song of the Great Bow” ✧ S/209; SA/beleg
• S. Taur-i-Melegyrn “Forest of the Great Trees” ✧ WJI/Taur-i-Melegyrn

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶mbelek- > beleg	[mbelek] > [belek] > [beleg]	✧ PE17/115
√mbelek > beleg	[mbelek] > [belek] > [beleg]	✧ PE17/115

Variations

• Beleg ✧ S/209

beleg

adjective. large

adj. large, great. Q. melek-.

beleg

adjective. large

adj. large, great, big. . This gloss was rejected.

beleg

adjective. great, mighty

beleg

Beleg

Beleg means "mighty" in Sindarin. His epessë Cúthalion means "Strongbow".

beleg

mighty

1) beleg (great), lenited veleg, pl. belig; 2) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

beleg

great

beleg (mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig

beleg

mighty

(great), lenited veleg, pl. belig

beleg

great

(mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig

belaith

adjective. mighty

adj. mighty. Q. melehta.

belaith

adjective. mighty

An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form ✱✶mbelektā with the ekt vocalizing to eith and then the ei becoming ai in the final syllable.

Cognates

• Q. melehta “mighty” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

• √MBELEK “mighty, powerful, strong; power as force or strength; great, large” ✧ PE17/115
  • √BEL “*strong, [ᴹ√] strong” ✧ PE17/115

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√mbelek > belaith	[mbelektā] > [mbelekta] > [mbelektʰa] > [mbelexθa] > [belexθa] > [beleiθa] > [beleiθ] > [belaiθ]	✧ PE17/115

daer

adjective. great

daer

adjective. great, large

Derivations

• ✶daira “large, great” ✧ VT42/11
  • √DAY “*great” ✧ VT42/11

Element in

• S. Athrad Dhaer “Great Ford” ✧ WJ/338
• S. Daeron ✧ VT42/11
• S. Dor Daedeloth “Land of Great Dread; Land of Shadow of Horror”
• S. Dor-na-Daerachas “Land of Great Dread”
• S. Duin Dhaer ✧ WJ/191
• S. Lô Dhaer “Great Fen” ✧ VT42/14
• S. Lond Daer “Great Haven”
• S. Lond Daer Enedh “Great Middle Haven” ✧ UT/264

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶daira > daer	[daira] > [dair] > [daer]	✧ VT42/11

Variations

• Daer ✧ UT/264; WJ/335
• daer ✧ VT42/11

iaun

adjective. large

adj. large, extensive, wide, vast, huge. Q. yāna-. >> -ion

#dae

great

#dae (lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".

bell

strong

1) (in body) *bell, lenited vell, pl. bill. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” belt. 2)

bell

strong

lenited vell, pl. bill. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” belt.

dae

great

(lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".

daer

large

daer (great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

large

(great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

great

daer (large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

great

(large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

duin

large river

(i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin), coll. pl. duinath (Names:179, PM:54)

taur

mighty

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

thalion

strong

thalion (steadfast, dauntless), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.

thalion

strong

(steadfast, dauntless), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.

gabil Reconstructed

adjective. great

Element in

• Kh. Gabilân “Great River”
• Kh. Gabilgathol “Great Fortress”

stal

root. strong

The unglossed root ᴹ√STALAG appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like N. thala “stalwart, steady, firm” and N. thalion “hero, dauntless man” (Ety/STÁLAG), the latter a sobriquet of Húrin typically translated as “Steadfast” in the narratives themselves (S/199). Similar forms appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s derived from the primitive form ᴱ✶stalga (PE13/153).

The root √STAL “strong” was mentioned in passing as the basis for the adjective Q. astalda in a rejected page associated with roots having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115; VT47/26 note #26). The name Q. Astaldo “Valiant” appeared as a sobriquet of Tulkas in later versions of The Silmarillion (S/28), replacing the earlier name Q. Poldórëa of similar meaning (MR/146, 149; LR/206). For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume √STAL (and its derivatives) means “✱valiant” rather than “strong”.

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. astal “valour”
• Q. astalda “strong, *valiant” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

• ᴺS. thalas “valour, courage”

beleg

adjective. great, large

Cognates

• Ilk. Beleg “Strong” ✧ Ety/BEL
• ᴹT. belka “excessive” ✧ Ety/BEL

Derivations

• On. beleka “mighty, huge, great” ✧ Ety/BEL
  • ᴹ✶bélekā “mighty, huge, great” ✧ Ety/BEL
  • ᴹ√BEL “strong” ✧ Ety/BEL

Element in

• N. Beleghir “Great River”
• N. Belegoer “Great Sea” ✧ Ety/BEL
• N. Belegast “Void”
• N. Belegol “Great Aule” ✧ Ety/BEL
• N. Belegost “Great Fortress, Great City” ✧ Ety/BEL
• N. Belegund
• N. Carnbeleg “Ruddyhorn”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. beleka > beleg	[beleka] > [belek] > [beleg]	✧ Ety/BEL

beleg

adjective. great, mighty

belt

adjective. strong in body

daur

adjective. great, large

Derivations

• ᴹ✶daʒrā “great, large” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
  • ᴹ√DAƷ “great” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶daʒrā > daur	[daɣrā] > [dārā] > [dāra] > [dǭra] > [doura] > [daura] > [daur]	✧ EtyAC/DAƷ

taur

adjective. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime