Quende#

noun. Elf

Elf

quendë

elf

quendë noun "Elf", the little-used analogical sg. of Quendi, q.v. (KWEN(ED), WJ:361)

él

star

†él noun "star", pl. éli given (WJ:362, EL)

él

noun. star

An archaic or poetic word for star (WJ/362), somewhat common in compounds but in ordinary speech typically appearing as elen. It was derived directly from the primitive root √EL “behold”, the basis for other star words (PM/340; WJ/360).

Conceptual Development: This word first appeared as poetical ᴹQ. él “star” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the derivation given above, though in this document the root ᴹ√EL meant “star” (Ety/EL), a common gloss for the root in later writings as well.

Cognates

• T. él “star” ✧ WJ/362

Derivations

• √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ PM/340
• ✶ēl “star” ✧ WJ/360
  • √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ WJ/360

Element in

• Q. Carnil “*Red Star”
• ᴺQ. ëarel “starfish, (lit.) sea-star”
• Q. Elatan “*Star Man”
• ᴺQ. élicombë “galaxy, collection of stars”
• Q. Elostirion “*Star Fort”
• Q. elvëa “starlike”
• Q. Elwë
• Q. Luinil “*Blue Star”
• Q. Undómiel “Evenstar”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√el- > el	[el]	✧ PM/340
✶ēl > él	[ēl]	✧ WJ/360

Variations

• el ✧ PM/340

elda

of the stars

elda 1. originally adj. "of the stars", but wholly replaced (WJ:362) by: 2. noun (Elda) = one of the people of the Stars, (high-)elf, an Elf (SA:êl, elen, Letters:281, ELED, ÉLED; notice that Tolkien abandoned a former etymology with "depart"), chiefly in the pl. Eldar (WJ:362, cf. GAT(H), TELES).The primitive form Tolkien variously cited as ¤eledā / elenā(Letters:281, PE17:152) and ¤eldā(WJ:360). Partitive pl. Eldali (VT49:8), gen. pl. Eldaron (WJ:368, PM:395, 402);dative pl.eldain "for elves", for Eldar (FS); possessive sg. Eldava "Elf's" (WJ:407); possessive pl. Eldaiva (WJ:368), Eldaivë governing a plural word (WJ:369). The word Eldar properly refers to the non-Avari Elves only, but since Eldar rarely had any contact with the Avari, it could be used for "elves" in general (in LT1:251, Elda is simply glossed "Elf"). See also Eldo. The plural form Eldar should not require any article when the reference is to the entire people; i Eldar refers to a limited group, "(all) the Elves previously named"; nevertheless, Tolkien in some sources does use the article even where the reference seems to be generic (i Eldar or i-Eldar, VT49:8).

elda

noun. Elf, (lit.) one of the Star-folk

The most common Quenya word for “Elf”. Its literal meaning is “one of the Star-folk” (WJ/374), a name given to them by Oromë (S/49) and derived from the same primitive root √EL as Q. elen “star”. Strictly speaking, this term excludes the Avari who chose not to journey to Valinor, so that the proper term for all of Elvenkind is Q. Quendë “one of the Elven race”. The Elves of the West rarely encountered the Avari, however, so that term Elda was ordinarily broad enough to describe all Elves.

Conceptual Development: This word dates back to the earliest stages of Tolkien’s languages. At its first appearance, ᴱQ. Elda was glossed “a beach-fay” (QL/35), but was soon extended to describe all Elves (LT1/113). In Tolkien’s earliest writings the word was not given a clear etymology. In the Lhammas “Account of Tongues” from the 1930s (LR/168-180), Tolkien gave ᴹQ. Elda the sense of “one who departed” (LR/169), as opposed to the ᴹQ. Lembi “Lingerers” who remained behind (precursors of the Avari). With this sense, Elda was derived from ᴹ√LED “go, fare, travel” (Ety/LED).

Tolkien soon revised the etymology of Elda so that it was derived instead from ᴹ√ELED “star-folk” (Ety/ELED). In some later writings, he considered both etymologies of this word to be valid, so that Elda was blending of both “star-folk” (from √EL) and Q. Eldo “marcher” (from √LED or √DEL), as discussed in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 and elsewhere (WJ/362-3, PE17/139). However, the sense “star-folk” is probably better known.

In some notes from 1957, Tolkien considered deriving this word from a variant root √DEL “fair” so that its meaning would be “the fair” (PE17/151), but this seems to have been a transient idea.

Cognates

• S. Eledh “Elf” ✧ Let/281; SA/êl; PE17/141
• S. Ell “Elf” ✧ Let/281; WJ/362
• S. Edhel “Elf” ✧ LRI/Edhil; PE17/045; PE17/151; PE17/152; SA/êl; SA/êl; RC/780
• S. Ellon “Elf-man” ✧ PE17/151
• T. Ello “Elf” ✧ WJ/375; WJ/373
• T. Ella “Elf” ✧ WJ/362; WJI/Eldar

Derivations

• ✶eledā “star-folk, of the stars” ✧ Let/281; PE17/141; SA/êl; WJ/360; WJ/364; WJ/364
  • √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ Let/281
• ✶elenā “connected with or concerning the stars” ✧ PE17/139; PE17/152
  • ✶elen “star” ✧ PE17/139
  • √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ Let/281; PE17/067; VT42/11; WJ/360
• ✶edelā “the fair” ✧ PE17/139; PE17/151
  • √DEL “*fair” ✧ PE17/151
• ✶edelō “one who goes, traveller, migrant, marcher” ✧ PE17/152
  • √DEL “walk, go, proceed, travel” ✧ WJ/360; WJ/363

Derivatives

• S. Ell “Elf” ✧ PE17/141
  • S. Elleth “Elf-maid” ✧ PE17/141
  • S. Ellon “Elf-man” ✧ PE17/141

Element in

• Q. Amaneldi “*Elves of Aman”
• Q. ar súlë Manwëo etsurinyë ar Eldaron indor turyaner “*and the spirit of Manwe went out and the hearts of the Eldar were comforted / or obeyed” ✧ NM/239
• Q. Eldacar “Elfhelm”
• ᴺQ. eldafindë “maidenhair fern, (lit.) elf tress”
• Q. Elda-lambë “Language of the Eldar” ✧ WJ/369
• Q. Eldalië “People of the Elves, Elven-folk, People of the Eldar, Elven-folk, [ᴹQ.] Elf-folk” ✧ WJ/374
• Q. Eldalondë “Haven of the Eldar”
• Q. Eldalótë “Elven-flower” ✧ PM/346
• Q. Eldamar “Elvenhome”
• Q. Eldameldor “Elf-friends, Elf-lovers”
• Q. Eldandil “Elf-friend”
• Q. Eldanna “*Elf-wards” ✧ UTI/Eldanna
• Q. Eldanor “Elvenland”
• Q. Eldanyárë “History of the Elves”
• Q. eldar ataformaiti “the Elves were ambidexters” ✧ VT49/08
• Q. Eldarin “of the Eldar; Elvish (language)”
• Q. Eldarion “*Son of the Eldar”
• Q. Eldar oronter “the Elves arose” ✧ PE21/77
• Q. Eldar Sindar “Grey Elves” ✧ PE21/77
• Q. Eldar sindaron “Grey Elves’” ✧ PE21/77
• Q. Eldavehtë “a habitation, haunt or place occupied by Eldar” ✧ PE17/189
• Q. Elendil “Elf-friend, Star-lover”
• Q. Hecel “Elf who stayed in Beleriand”
• Q. i arani Eldaive “The kings of the Eldar” ✧ WJ/369
• Q. i arani Eldaron “The kings of the Eldar” ✧ WJ/369
• Q. lambe Eldaiva “the language of the Eldar” ✧ WJ/369
• Q. lambe Eldaron “the language of the Eldar” ✧ WJ/368
• Q. mana i coimas Eldaron? “What is the ‘coimas’ of the Eldar?” ✧ PM/395
• Q. mana i·coimas in·Eldaron? “What is the ‘coimas’ of the Eldar?” ✧ PM/403
• Q. Oärel “Elf who left Middle-earth for Aman”
• Q. Pereldar “Half-elven”
• Q. Sinda Eldō “a Grey Elf’s” ✧ PE21/77
• Q. Sindar Eldar “Grey Elves” ✧ PE21/77
• Q. Sindar Eldaron “Grey Elves’” ✧ PE21/77
• Q. Sindar i Eldar Malariando “Grey are the Elves of Beleriand” ✧ PE21/77
• Q. Sindel “Grey-elf”
• Q. Tareldar “High-elves” ✧ SI/Eldar
• Q. tas cennen nótimë eldali “I saw a few elves there” ✧ PE22/155
• Q. vanimelda “beautiful and beloved, elven-fair” ✧ PE17/056; PE17/057

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶eledā/elenā > Elda	[eledā] > [eldā] > [elda]	✧ Let/281
✶elenā > Elda	[elenā] > [elnā] > [eldā] > [elda]	✧ PE17/139
✶edelā > Elda	[edelā] > [edlā] > [eldā] > [elda]	✧ PE17/139
✶eledā > elda	[eledā] > [eldā] > [elda]	✧ PE17/141
✶edelā > elda	[edelā] > [edlā] > [eldā] > [elda]	✧ PE17/151
✶elenā > elda	[elenā] > [elnā] > [eldā] > [elda]	✧ PE17/152
✶edelā > eledā > elda	[edelā] > [eledā] > [eldā] > [elda]	✧ PE17/152
✶elda > Elda	[elda]	✧ SA/êl
✶eldā > Elda	[eldā] > [elda]	✧ WJ/360

Variations

• elda ✧ PE17/045; PE17/056; PE17/057; PE17/141; PE17/141; PE17/151; PE17/152; PE17/152

elen

star

elen noun "star" (SA:êl, elen, EL, VT49:39); pl. eleni (occasionally in verse: eldi) (WJ:362, PE17:127); partitive pl. elelli for elenli (PE17:127), gen. pl. elenion in the phrase Elenion Ancalima "brightest of stars" (LotR2:IV ch. 9; see Letters:385 for translation); elen atta "two stars" (VT49:44), genitive elen atto "of two stars" (VT49:45), eleni neldë "three stars", archaic elenion neldë = "of stars three". Genitive "of 3 stars" = elenion neldë (for archaic elenion neldëo) (VT49:45). Allative elenna "starwards" used as name of Númenor _(Silm; see Elenna)_; ablative pl. elenillor "from stars" in Markirya. **Nai elen siluva ***"may a star shine", VT49:38.

elen

noun. star

The most common Quenya word for “star”, mentioned very frequently, derived from an extended form ✶elen of the root √EL “behold” (PE17/67; WJ/360, 362). Its usual plural form is eleni, but it has an archaic plural †eldi sometimes used in verse, the result of the Ancient Quenya sound whereby [[aq|[ln] became [ld]]] after the ancient plural underwent the Quenya syncope, ✶elenī > AQ. elni; its normal modern plural form eleni was actually a reformation from the singular (PE17/57, 151; WJ/362).

Conceptual Development: This word first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, though in the original entry for the root ᴹ√EL Tolkien said it was poetical and gave variants ellen and elena (Ety/EL).

Cognates

• S. êl “star” ✧ PE17/024; PE17/024; PE17/067; PE17/127; PE17/151; SA/êl; WJ/362
• T. él “star” ✧ WJ/367
• T. elen “star” ✧ WJ/362

Derivations

• ✶elen “star” ✧ PE17/067; PE17/151; WJ/360
  • √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ Let/281; PE17/067; VT42/11; WJ/360
• √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ PE17/151; PM/340; RGEO/65; SA/êl

Element in

• Q. aiya Eärendil elenion ancalima “hail Eärendil, brightest of stars” ✧ LotR/0720; LotR/0915; PE17/090; PE17/101
• Q. ancalima ep’ eleni “brighter than stars” ✧ PE17/056
• Q. ancalima imbi eleni “brightest among stars” ✧ PE17/091
• Q. arcalima ar eleni “A is brightest of all” ✧ PE17/056
• Q. arcalima ep’ eleni “far and away brighter than stars” ✧ PE17/056 (arcalima ep’ eleni)
• Q. elenion ancalima “brightest of stars” ✧ PE17/056; PE17/056; PE17/056; PE17/057; PE17/091
• Q. Elemmacil “*Star Sword”
• Q. Elemmírë “Elven-gem, Star-gem” ✧ PE19/096
• Q. elen atto “of 2 stars” ✧ VT49/45
• Q. Elendil “Elf-friend, Star-lover”
• Q. Elendur “*Star-servant”
• ᴺQ. elengolmë “astronomy”
• Q. elenillor pella talta-taltala “beyond the stars falling” ✧ MC/222
• Q. eleni neldë “*3 stars” ✧ VT49/45
• Q. elenion neldë “of 3 stars” ✧ VT49/45; VT49/45
• Q. Elenna “Starwards”
• Q. elen síla lúmenn’ omentielvo “a star shines on the hour of our meeting” ✧ Let/265; LotR/0081; PE17/012; WJ/367
• Q. Elentári “Queen of the Stars, Star-queen”
• Q. Elentir “*Star-gazer”
• Q. Elentirmo “Star-watcher” ✧ UT/213
• Q. Elenwë
• Q. elenya “adjective referring to the stars, *of the stars, stellar” ✧ WJ/362
• Q. Elerondo “Elrond, (lit.) Star-dome”
• Q. Elerossë “Star Foam”
• Q. Elerrína “Crowned with Stars”
• Q. Elessar “Elfstone”
• Q. Elestirnë “Star-brow”
• Q. nai elen atta siluvat aurenna veryanwesto “*may two stars shine upon the day of your wedding” ✧ VT49/44; VT49/44
• Q. nai elen siluva lyenna “*may a star shine upon you” ✧ VT49/39
• Q. nai elen siluva parma-restalyanna meldonya “*may a star shine upon your book-fair, my friend” ✧ VT49/39
• Q. yassen tintilar i eleni “wherein the stars tremble” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
• Q. yassen tintilar i eleni “in which twinkle the stars” ✧ RGEO/59

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶elen > elen	[elen]	✧ PE17/067
✶elni > eldi	[eleni] > [elni] > [eldi]	✧ PE17/151

Variations

• Elen ✧ LotR/0081; WJ/367

Elessar

elf-stone

Elessar masc. name "Elf-stone" (Elen + sar, actually "Star-stone", cf. Elendil concerning elen "star" being used to mean "Elf") (LotR3:V ch. 8). Genitive Elesarno _(VT49:28, read _Elessarno?) indicates that the stem is -sarn-. As a common noun, elessar or "elf-stone" may signify "beryl" (in the chapter Flight to the Ford in the LotR, Aragorn finds "a single pale-green jewel" and declares: "It is a beryl, an elf-stone"). Elessar as a name may also be seen as a pun or variant of Elesser "Elf-friend".

elena

of the stars

elena adj. "of the stars" (SA:êl, elen); also elenya

elwen

heart

elwen noun "heart" (LT1:255; rather hón or enda in LotR-style Quenya)

heldo

friend

[heldo, also helmo, fem. heldë, noun "friend" (VT46:3)]

meldo

friend, lover

meldo noun "friend, lover". _(VT45:34, quoting a deleted entry in the Etymologies, but cf. the pl. #_meldor in Eldameldor "Elf-lovers", WJ:412) **Meldonya *"my friend" (VT49:38, 40). It may be that meldo is the distinctly masculine form, corresponding to feminine #meldë** (q.v.)

meldë

friend

#meldë noun "friend", feminine (meldenya "my friend" in the Elaine inscription [VT49:40], Tolkien referring to Elaine Griffiths). Compare meldo.

Elendil

star-friend

Elendil masc. name"Star-friend", "Lover or student of stars", applied to those devoted to astronomical lore. However, when the Edain used this name they intended it to mean "Elf-friend", confusing elen "star" and elda "elf" (WJ:410). (This idea that the name was misapplied seems to be late; Tolken earlier interpreted the name as an ancient compound Eled + ndil so that the meaning really was "Elf-friend"; see Letters:386. See also NIL/NDIL in the Etymologies, where Elendil is equated with "Ælfwine", Elf-friend.) Allative Elendilenna "to Elendil" (PM:401); Elendil Vorondo genitive of Elendil Voronda "Elendil the Steadfast" _(CO) Pl. Elendili the Númenórean Elf-friends (Silm)_; the variant Elendilli in SD:403 would seem to presuppose a stem-form Elendill- not attested elsewhere. Tar-Elendil a Númenorean king, UT:210.

-ser

friend

-ser noun "friend" (SER)

enda

heart

enda noun "heart", but not referring to the physical organ; it literally means "centre" (cf. endë) and refers to the fëa (soul) or sáma (mind) itself. (VT39:32)

lemen

cardinal. five

lemen, alternative cardinal "five" (VT48:6, 20); the word normally appears as lempë, but compare lemenya below.

lemen

cardinal. five

lemnë

cardinal. five

lempë

cardinal. five

lempë cardinal "five" (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK, GL:53, VT42:24, VT47:10, 24); lempëa ordinal "fifth", an analogical formation replacing older lemenya, in turn altered from the historically "correct" form lepenya because of analogy with the cardinal lempë "five" (VT42:25; Vanyarin Quenya maintained lepenya, VT42:26)

lempë

cardinal. five

Cognates

• S. leben “five” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
• T. lepen “five” ✧ VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24; VT48/06

Derivations

• √LEPEN “five” ✧ PE17/095
• ✶lepene “five” ✧ PE17/095; VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24
  • √LEPEN “five” ✧ VT47/24

Element in

• Q. lempëa “fifth” ✧ VT42/26
• ᴺQ. lepenquain “fifty”
• ᴺQ. lepenquëan “fifty”
• Q. lepenquë “*fifteen”
• Q. lepesta “one fifth”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√LEPEN > lepne > lempe	[lepne] > [lenpe] > [lempe]	✧ PE17/095
✶lepen > lempe	[lepne] > [lenpe] > [lempe]	✧ PE17/095
✶lepene > lepne > lempe	[lepene] > [lepne] > [lenpe] > [lempe]	✧ VT42/24
✶lepene > lepne > lempe	[lepene] > [lepne] > [lenpe] > [lempe]	✧ VT47/10
✶lepenē̆ > lepnē > lempe	[lepenē] > [lepnē] > [lenpē] > [lempē] > [lempe]	✧ VT47/24

Variations

• lempe ✧ PE17/095; PE17/095; VT42/24; VT42/25; VT42/26; VT47/10; VT47/24
• lemne ✧ PE17/095
• lemen ✧ VT48/06

ílë

star

ílë noun "star" (LT1:269; rather elen, él in LotR-style Quenya.)

órë

heart

órë (1) noun "heart" (inner mind), also name of tengwa #21 (Appendix E), "premonition" (VT41:13), "nearest equivalent of 'heart' in our application to feelings, or emotions (courage, fear, hope, pity, etc.)" (VT41:13). The órë apparently defines a person's personality, cf. the description of Galadriel in PM:337, that "there dwelt in her the noble and generous spirit (órë) of the Vanyar". Órenya "my heart" (VT41:11).

-ndil

friend

-ndil (also -dil) ending occurring in many names, like Amandil, Eärendil; it implies devotion or disinterested love and may be translated "friend" (SA:(noun)dil); this ending is "describing the attitude of one to a person, thing, course or occupation to which one is devoted for its own sake" (Letters:386). Compare -ndur. It is unclear whether the names derived with the ending -ndil are necessarily masculine, though we have no certain example of a woman's name in -ndil; the name Vardilmë (q.v.) may suggest that the corresponding feminine ending is -(n)dilmë.

alqua

noun. swan

swan

alqua

swan

alqua noun "swan" _(ÁLAK [there spelt _alqa, as in LT1:249/LT2:335], SA:alqua, UT:265, VT42:7). The alternative form alquë ("q") mentioned in early material (LT1:249) may or may not be valid in LotR-style Quenya.

alqua

noun. swan

The Quenya noun for “swan” derived from primitive ✶alkwā (NM/378; PE18/100; UT/265; Ety/ÁLAK).

Conceptual Development: The word ᴱQ. alqa dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where it was a derivative of the early root ᴱ√ḶKḶ (QL/30), though it had a variant form alqe in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/18). Other than this one exception, Tolkien stuck with alqua throughout his life. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹQ. alqa “swan” appeared under the root ᴹ√ALAK “rushing” (Ety/ÁLAK).

Cognates

• S. alph “swan” ✧ NM/378; SA/alqua; UT/265; VT42/07
• T. alpa “swan” ✧ UT/265

Derivations

• ✶alkwā “swan” ✧ NM/378; PE18/100; UT/265; VT42/07
  • √ALAK “rushing, rushing, [ᴹ√] swift” ✧ PE18/100
• √ALAK “rushing, rushing, [ᴹ√] swift” ✧ SA/alqua

Element in

• Q. Alqualondë “Haven of the Swans” ✧ SA/alqua; UT/265

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶alkwā > alqua	[alkwā] > [alkwa]	✧ NM/378
✶álkwā > alqua	[alkwā] > [alkwa]	✧ PE18/100
√alak- > alqua	[alakwā] > [alkwā] > [alkwa]	✧ SA/alqua
✶alkwa > alqua	[alkwa]	✧ UT/265
✶alkwa > alqua	[alkwa]	✧ VT42/07

hón

heart

hón noun "heart" (physical) (KHŌ-N); hon-maren "heart of the house", a fire (LR:63, 73; this is "Qenya" with genitive in -en, not -o as in LotR-style Quenya read *hon-maro?)

málo

noun. friend

friend, comrade

málo

friend

málo noun "friend" (MEL, VT49:22)

nildo

friend

nildo noun "friend" (apparently masc.; contrast nildë) (NIL/NDIL)

nildë

friend

nildë noun "friend" (fem.) (NIL/NDIL)

nilmo

friend

nilmo noun "friend" (apparently masc.) (NIL/NDIL)

sermo

friend

sermo noun "friend" (evidently masc., since sermë is stated to be fem.) (SER)

sermë

friend

sermë noun "friend" (fem.) (SER)

seron

friend

seron noun "friend" (SER)

-ndur

friend

-ndur (also -dur), ending in some names, like Eärendur; as noted by Christopher Tolkien in the Silmarillion Appendix it has much the same meaning as -ndil "friend"; yet -ndur properly means "servant of" (SA:(noun)dil), "as one serves a legitimate master: cf. Q. arandil king's friend, royalist, beside arandur 'king's servant, minister'. But these often coincide: e.g. Sam's relation to Frodo can be viewed either as in status -ndur, in spirit -ndil." (Letters:286)

quendë

noun. Elf, (lit.) One That Speaks

Cognates

• T. Pendë “Elf (as a race)” ✧ WJ/375; WJI/Pendi; WJ/361

Derivations

• ✶kwende “speaker, elf” ✧ PE17/137; PE17/141; PE17/152
  • √KWENED “spoken, articulate, spoken, articulate; [ᴹ√] Elf” ✧ PE17/137
  • √KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ PE19/093
    • √KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392
  • √KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ PE17/140; WJ/360
  • √KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392
• √KWENED “spoken, articulate, spoken, articulate; [ᴹ√] Elf” ✧ PE19/093
  • √KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ PE19/093
  • √KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392
• √KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ SA/quen; WJ/361; WJ/391
  • √KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392

Element in

• Q. Calaquendi “Elves of the Light, (lit.) Light Elves” ✧ SA/quen; WJ/361
• Q. Ilquendatar “Father of All Quendi”
• Q. Laiquendi “Green-elves” ✧ SA/quen
• Q. manen lambë Quendion ahyanë “How did the language of the Elves change?” ✧ PM/395
• Q. Moriquendi “Elves of the Darkness, (lit.) Dark Elves” ✧ SA/quen; WJ/361
• Q. Quendelië “Elf-race”
• Q. Quenderin “Quendian, of the Quendi, belonging to the Elves as a whole”
• Q. Quendil “Elf-friend”
• Q. Quendingoldo “*Loremaster of the Elves”

Elements

Word	Gloss
quet-	“to say, speak, tell, to say, speak, tell, [ᴱQ.] talk”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶kwendī > Quendi	[kwendī] > [kwendi]	✧ PE17/137
✶kwenedē > qende	[kwenedē] > [kwendē] > [kwende]	✧ PE17/141
✶kwened- > Quendi	[kwenedē] > [kwendē] > [kwende]	✧ PE17/152
√kwened > quend-	[kwenede] > [kwende]	✧ PE19/093
√quen- > Quendi	[kwende]	✧ SA/quen
√KWEN > quende	[kwende]	✧ WJ/361
√KWEN > Quendi	[kwende]	✧ WJ/391

Variations

• quende ✧ NM/095; WJ/361
• Quende ✧ PE17/137; WJ/372; WJI/Quendi
• qende ✧ PE17/141

sondo

friend

[sondo noun "friend" (VT46:15)]

quentaro

noun. speaker

speaker, reciter, minstrel

indo

heart, mood

indo (1) noun "heart, mood" (ID), "state" (perhaps especially state of mind, given the other glosses) (VT39:23), "mind, region/range of thought, mood" (PE17:155, 179), "inner thought, in fea as exhibited in character or [?personality]" (PE17:189). In another post-LotR source, indo is translated "resolve" or "will", the state of mind leading directly to action (VT41:13). Indo is thus "the mind in its purposing faculty, the will" (VT41:17). Indo-ninya,a word occurring in Fíriels Song, translated "my heart" (see ninya). In the compound indemma "mind-picture", the first element would seem to be indo.

edhel

noun. Elf

edhel

noun. Elf

_ n. _Elf, a general name for all the Elves (since the name Quendi had gone out of use in Sindarin). Probably related to or connected with Q. Elda. >> edhellen

edhel

Elf

pl1. edhil, pl2. edhellim {ð} _n. _Elf. A name used by the Sindar for themselves, characterizing other varieties by an adjective or prefix. >> Aredhel, Thinnedhel

edhel

Elf

{ð} _n. _Elf.

edhel

Elf

d _ n. _Elf. Q. elda.

edhel

noun. Elf

Cognates

• Q. Elda “Elf, (lit.) one of the Star-folk” ✧ LRI/Edhil; PE17/045; PE17/151; PE17/152; SA/êl; SA/êl; RC/780
• Q. Eldo “one of the Marchers” ✧ WJ/363

Derivations

• ✶edelā “the fair” ✧ PE17/139; PE17/151
  • √DEL “*fair” ✧ PE17/151
• ✶edelō “one who goes, traveller, migrant, marcher” ✧ PE17/141; PE17/152; WJ/360
  • √DEL “walk, go, proceed, travel” ✧ WJ/360; WJ/363

Element in

• S. Adanedhel “Elf-man” ✧ SA/edhel
• S. Aerlinn in Edhil o Imladris “*Holy Song of the Elves of Rivendell” ✧ RGEO/62
• S. Aredhel “Noble Elf” ✧ SA/edhel
• S. Aredhel “Noble Elf” ✧ PE17/139; PE17/141
• S. Caledhel “*Light Elf”
• S. Danedhel “*Nando” ✧ PE17/141; PE17/141
• S. Dúnedhel “West-Elf” ✧ PE17/141; WJ/378
• S. Edhelharn “Elfstone”
• S. edhellen “elvish” ✧ PE17/045
• S. Edhellond “Elf-haven” ✧ UT/255
• S. Edhellos “Elven-flower” ✧ PM/346
• S. Glóredhel “*Golden Elf” ✧ SA/edhel
• S. Gwenedhel
• S. Lindedhel “Nandorin Elf”
• S. mellyn enin Edhellion “*friends of the Elves” ✧ PE17/097
• S. Mornedhel “Dark-elf” ✧ PE17/141; WJ/377
• S. Nínedhel “?Tear(ful) Elf” ✧ PE17/139
• S. Ost-in-Edhil “Fortress of the Eldar” ✧ SA/edhel
• S. Peredhel “Half-elf” ✧ SA/edhel
• S. Rúnedhel ✧ PE17/141
• S. Thinnedhel “Grey-elf” ✧ PE17/139

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶edelā > eðel	[edelā] > [edela] > [eðela] > [eðel]	✧ PE17/139
✶edelō > eðel	[edelō] > [edelo] > [eðelo] > [eðel]	✧ PE17/141
✶edelā > edhel	[edelā] > [edela] > [eðela] > [eðel]	✧ PE17/151
✶edelā > eðel	[edelā] > [edela] > [eðela] > [eðel]	✧ PE17/152
✶edelō > Edhel	[edelō] > [edelo] > [eðelo] > [eðel]	✧ WJ/360
✶edelō > Edhil	[edelī] > [edeli] > [eðeli] > [eðili] > [eðil]	✧ WJ/360

Variations

• edhel ✧ PE17/045; PE17/151; RC/780; SA/edhel; UT/255; UTI/Edhelrim
• eðel ✧ PE17/139; PE17/141; PE17/152
• Eðel ✧ PM/346

eledh

noun. Elf

Cognates

• Q. Elda “Elf, (lit.) one of the Star-folk” ✧ Let/281; SA/êl; PE17/141
• Q. elenya “adjective referring to the stars, *of the stars, stellar” ✧ WJ/362

Derivations

• ✶eledā “star-folk, of the stars” ✧ Let/281; PE17/140; PE17/141; PE17/142
  • √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ Let/281
• ✶elenā “connected with or concerning the stars” ✧ PE17/139; WJ/360
  • ✶elen “star” ✧ PE17/139
  • √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ Let/281; PE17/067; VT42/11; WJ/360

Element in

• S. Edelbar “*Elf-home” ✧ PE17/142
• S. Eledhwen “Elfsheen, Elven-fair” ✧ Let/281; SA/êl; UTI/Haudh-en-Elleth
• S. Elennor “*Elf-land” ✧ PE17/142
• S. Eledhes “*Elf-maid” ✧ PE17/141; PE17/142
• S. Eledhon “*Elf-man” ✧ PE17/141; PE17/142

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶eledā/elenā > eledh	[eledā] > [eleda] > [eleða] > [eleð]	✧ Let/281
✶eledā/elenā > elidh	[eledī] > [eledi] > [eleði] > [eliði] > [elið]	✧ Let/281
✶elenyā > elein	[elenjā] > [elenja] > [elenia] > [eleni] > [elein] > [elain]	✧ PE17/139
✶eledā > eleð	[eledā] > [eleda] > [eleða] > [eleð]	✧ PE17/140
✶eledā > eleð	[eledā] > [eleda] > [eleða] > [eleð]	✧ PE17/141
✶eledā > eledh	[eledā] > [eleda] > [eleða] > [eleð]	✧ PE17/142
✶elenā > Elen	[elenā] > [elena] > [elen]	✧ WJ/360
✶elenā > Elin	[elenī] > [eleni] > [elini] > [elin]	✧ WJ/360

Variations

• eledh ✧ Let/281 (eledh); PE17/142; PE17/142; UTI/Edhelrim
• elein ✧ PE17/139 (elein)
• eleð ✧ PE17/140; PE17/141; PE17/142
• Elen ✧ WJ/363; WJ/377 (Elen); WJI/Elen

elen

noun. Elf

ell

noun. elf

n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form.

ell

noun. Elf

Cognates

• Q. Elda “Elf, (lit.) one of the Star-folk” ✧ Let/281; WJ/362

Derivations

• ✶eledā “star-folk, of the stars” ✧ PE17/141; WJ/360
  • √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ Let/281
• Q. Elda “Elf, (lit.) one of the Star-folk” ✧ PE17/141
  • ✶eledā “star-folk, of the stars” ✧ Let/281; PE17/141; SA/êl; WJ/360; WJ/364; WJ/364
  • √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ Let/281
  • ✶elenā “connected with or concerning the stars” ✧ PE17/139; PE17/152
  • ✶elen “star” ✧ PE17/139
    • √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ Let/281; PE17/067; VT42/11; WJ/360
  • ✶edelā “the fair” ✧ PE17/139; PE17/151
  • √DEL “*fair” ✧ PE17/151
  • ✶edelō “one who goes, traveller, migrant, marcher” ✧ PE17/152
  • √DEL “walk, go, proceed, travel” ✧ WJ/360; WJ/363

Derivatives

• S. Elleth “Elf-maid” ✧ PE17/141
• S. Ellon “Elf-man” ✧ PE17/141

Element in

• S. Aranel
• S. Aredhel “Noble Elf” ✧ PE17/141
• S. ar in Ellath epholar eno vi Eressai “*and the Elves (?remember) still in Eressëa” ✧ VT50/19
• S. Dúnedhel “West-Elf” ✧ PE17/141
• S. Elladan “Elf-man” ✧ Let/281
• S. Elleth “Elf-maid” ✧ PE17/141; PE17/152; WJ/363
• S. Ellon “Elf-man” ✧ PE17/141; WJ/363
• S. Elrohir “Elf-knight” ✧ Let/281
• S. Elrond “Star-dome” ✧ Let/281
• S. Elros “Star-foam” ✧ Let/281
• S. Elvellyn “Elf-friends, Elf-lovers” ✧ WJ/412
• S. Glinnel “*Singer-elf”
• S. i glinn hen agorer Edain mi Velerian, ach hí in Ellath îr ed epholar “*this song Men made in Beleriand, but now the Elves alone (?remember) it” ✧ VT50/15; VT50/15; VT50/15
• S. Laegel “Green-elves”
• S. Lindel “Nando”
• S. Miniel “Vanyar”
• S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/23

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶eldā > ell	[eldā] > [elda] > [elða] > [elð] > [ell]	✧ PE17/141
Q. elda > eld > ell	[elda] > [elða] > [elð] > [ell]	✧ PE17/141
✶eldā > Ell-	[eldā] > [elda] > [elða] > [elð] > [ell]	✧ WJ/360

Variations

• ell ✧ Let/281; PE17/141; PE17/141 (ell); PE17/141; PE17/152 (ell)
• elt ✧ PE17/141
• Ell- ✧ WJ/363
• ell- ✧ WJ/364

ellon

noun. elf

ogol

noun. ?Elf

An untranslated term appearing between the names of different names for the Noldor and possibly other Elf-tribes on the back page of Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 (PE17/142). It stems from some very rough notes in which Tolkien considered many different forms listed one after the other, so the connections presented here are somewhat tentative.

It has multiple different plural forms: a regular form egyl < ✶okoli, and multiple forms for variants, where the word derives from ✶oklō, via syllabificaion of -l &gt; -ol:

• ygl, ygil: The -l vocalizes to -il instead of -ol. Before the vocalization took place, the plural mutation was carried out to produce ygl, which explains, why the resulting form is ygil instead of egil, which would be usuall for o in non-final syllables.

• ygli: This form is rather unusual for a Sindarin word, as final vowels usually vanish, but the note also includes what seems to be a dierct reference to this rule “?ḷ́ < li, ṛ́ < ri” (PE17/142).

Derivations

• ✶oklō ✧ PE17/142; PE17/142; PE17/142; PE17/142

Element in

• S. Ogolmar ✧ PE17/142; PE17/142

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶okli > ygli	[okli] > [ukli] > [ykli] > [ygli]	✧ PE17/142
✶okli > ygil	[okli] > [ukli] > [ykli] > [ygli] > [ygl] > [ygil]	✧ PE17/142
✶oklō > ogl	[oklō] > [ogl] > [ogol]	✧ PE17/142
✶okoli > ogyl	[okoli] > [okuli] > [œkyli] > [œgyli] > [œgyl] > [egyl]	✧ PE17/142

Variations

• ogl ✧ PE17/142; PE17/142
• ogol ✧ PE17/142; PE17/142; PE17/142
• ogdl ✧ PE17/142 (ogdl)

penedh

noun. Elf

Derivations

• ✶kwende “speaker, elf” ✧ PE17/140; PE17/141
  • √KWENED “spoken, articulate, spoken, articulate; [ᴹ√] Elf” ✧ PE17/137
  • √KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ PE19/093
    • √KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392
  • √KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ PE17/140; WJ/360
  • √KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392

Element in

• S. Morbenedh “*Dark-elf” ✧ PE17/140; PE17/141

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶kwenedē > peneð	[kwenedē] > [penedē] > [penede] > [peneðe] > [peneð]	✧ PE17/140
✶kwenedē > Penn	[kwendē] > [pendē] > [pende] > [pend] > [penn]	✧ PE17/141

Variations

• peneð ✧ PE17/140; PE17/141
• Penn ✧ PE17/141

el

star

n. star.

egol

noun. someone forsaken, an Elf of the Falathrim

elen

star

pl1. elin, pl2. elenath _n._star. Its collective plural (pl2.) designates 'the (host of all the) stars, (all) the (visible) stars of the firmament'. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'. >> êl

elen

noun. star

êl

noun. star (little used except in verses)

êl

star

pl1. elin, pl2. elenath** ** n. star. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni, pl2. elelli. >> elen

êl

noun. star

A Sindarin word for “star” that is largely archaic and poetic, and is mainly used as element in names like Elrond (Let/281; WJ/363; Ety/EL); the more usual word for “star” in ordinary speech was gil (RGEO/65). However, the collective form elenath is still used in common speech to refer to the entire host of stars (WJ/363). The plural of êl is elin, as this word was derived from ancient ✶elen, and the final n that was lost in the singular was preserved in the plural. In some cases Tolkien posited a restored analogical singular elen from the plural form (PE17/24, 67, 139), but this isn’t in keeping with the notion that the word was archaic, so I would ignore this for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

Conceptual Development: This word and its root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. el “star” was derived from the root ᴹ√EL of similar meaning, but was “only [used] in names” (Ety/EL). It seems Tolkien introduced the root to give a new etymology for names like N. Elrond and N. Elwing, which initially appeared under the root ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” (Ety/ƷEL).

Cognates

• Q. elen “star” ✧ PE17/024; PE17/024; PE17/067; PE17/127; PE17/151; SA/êl; WJ/362

Derivations

• √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ Let/281; RGEO/65; SA/êl
• ✶elen “star” ✧ PE17/067; PE17/139; PE22/150; WJ/360
  • √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ Let/281; PE17/067; VT42/11; WJ/360

Element in

• S. Anglachel “*Iron-of-the-flaming-star”
• S. Anguirel “*Iron-of-the-fiery-star”
• S. Eladar “Starfather”
• S. elanor “pimpernel, small golden star-shaped flower, (lit.) sun-star” ✧ PE17/055
• S. Elbereth “Queen of Stars, (lit.) Star-queen” ✧ PE17/022; RGEO/65
• S. Elrond “Star-dome”
• S. Elros “Star-foam”
• S. Elu ✧ PM/369
• ᴺS. elui “starry”
• S. Elwing “Star-spray” ✧ PM/369
• S. Nan Elmoth “*Valley of Starry Dusk”
• S. Narn en·Êl “*Tale of the Star” ✧ MR/373
• S. Narn e·Dant Gondolin ar Orthad en·Êl “*Tale of the Fall of Gondolin and the Raising of the Star” ✧ MR/373
• S. o menel aglar elenath “from heaven on high the glory of the starry host” ✧ LotR/0238; PE17/024; RGEO/63; RGEO/64

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√EL > êl	[elen] > [ele] > [el] > [ēl]	✧ Let/281
✶elen > êl	[elen] > [ele] > [el] > [ēl]	✧ PE17/067
✶ELEN > êl	[elen] > [ele] > [el] > [ēl]	✧ PE17/139
✶elenī > elin	[elenī] > [eleni] > [elini] > [elin]	✧ PE22/150
√EL > êl	[elen] > [ele] > [el] > [ēl]	✧ RGEO/65
√ele > êl	[elen] > [ele] > [el] > [ēl]	✧ SA/êl
✶elen > êl	[elen] > [ele] > [el] > [ēl]	✧ WJ/360

Variations

• Êl ✧ MR/373
• el- ✧ PE17/022
• elen ✧ PE17/024; PE17/067; PE17/139
• el(en) ✧ PE17/025
• el ✧ PE17/055; PM/369

elleth

noun. elf-maid

mornedhel

noun. Dark-Elf

Teler

noun. an Elf, one of the Teleri

edhelharn

noun. elf-stone

eglan

noun/adjective. forsaken

eglan

noun/adjective. an Elf of the Falathrim

eglan

adjective. forsaken

Derivations

• ✶heklanā “forsaken” ✧ WJ/365

Element in

• S. Eglan “Forsaken (Elf)” ✧ WJ/365

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶heklanā > Eglan	[ɣeklanā] > [eklanā] > [eklana] > [eklan] > [eglan]	✧ WJ/365

Variations

• Eglan ✧ WJ/365

elvellon

noun. elf-friend

eglath

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

laegel

noun. a Green Elf

mellon

noun. friend

mellon

noun. friend

_ n. _friend. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. 

mellon

noun. friend

Cognates

• Q. meldo “friend, lover” ✧ WJ/412

Derivations

• √MEL “love, love, [ᴹ√] love (as friend)” ✧ SA/mel

Element in

• S. ar e aníra ennas suilannad mhellyn în phain “and he desires to greet there all his friends” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129
• S. Elvellyn “Elf-friends, Elf-lovers” ✧ WJ/412
• S. mellyn enin Edhellion “*friends of the Elves” ✧ PE17/097
• S. pedo beth mellon “say the word mellon” ✧ VT44/26
• S. pedo mellon a minno “speak, friend, and enter; (alternately) say ‘friend’ and enter” ✧ LotR/0305; LotR/0305; PE17/041

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√mel- > mellon	[meldondo] > [melðondo] > [melðond] > [mellond] > [mellonn] > [mellon]	✧ SA/mel

Variations

• Mellon ✧ LotR/0308; LotRI/Mellon

miniel

noun. an Elf, one of the Vanyar

ódhel

noun. Deep Elf or Gnome, one of the Wise Folk

avar

noun. refuser

This plural name was known to the loremasters, but went out of daily use at the time of the Exile

avar

proper name. Refuser

Cognates

• Q. Avar “Refuser, Elf who did not journey to Aman” ✧ PE17/139; WJ/380; VT47/24

Derivations

• ✶abar(o) “refuser, recusant, one who refuses to act as advised or commanded” ✧ VT47/13; VT47/24; WJ/380
  • √BĀ/ABA “refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), [ᴹ√] deny; away, go away, depart” ✧ WJ/361; WJ/411

Element in

• S. Moravar ✧ PE17/139
• S. Rúnavar ✧ PE17/139

Elements

Word	Gloss
ava-	“will not, do not”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶abar > avar	[abaro] > [abar] > [avar]	✧ VT47/13
✶abar > avar	[abaro] > [abar] > [avar]	✧ VT47/24
✶Abarī > Evair	[abarī] > [abari] > [avari] > [everi] > [eveir] > [evair]	✧ WJ/380

Variations

• gavar ✧ PE17/139
• avar ✧ VT47/13; VT47/24

glinnel

noun. Elf, one of the Teleri

gódhel

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

telerrim

noun. the Teleri, a tribe of Elves

dúnedhel

noun. Elf of the West, Elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar)

egladhrim

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

gil

noun. star, bright spark

In The Etymologies (Ety/358, corrected by VT/45:15), this word was given as geil , plural gîl. However, later in LotR/E and RGEO/73, Tolkien seems to consider gil as a singular (with no hints in the sources of what the plural would be, besides the collective plural giliath )

ódhellim

noun. Deep Elves or Gnomes, the Wise Folk

iathrim

noun. Elves of Doriath

gódhellim

noun. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk

laegeldrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

alph

noun. swan

alph

noun. swan

n. Zoo. swan.

alph

noun. swan

The Sindarin noun for “swan” derived from primitive ✶alkwā (NM/378; UT/265; Ety/ÁLAK), where first the [[at|ancient [kw] became [p]]] and then the [[os|[lp] became [lf] (spelled lph)]].

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, this word appeared as {alcwi >>} alfa (GL/18), which is perhaps the moment that Tolkien decided that labialized velars became labials in the Sindarin branch of Elvish (though in Gnomish this sound change applied only medially). In Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying this document, the word became alf (PE13/109), and Tolkien stuck with this form thereafter, though eventually revising the spelling to alph once he decide that final [f] was spelled ph. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. alf “swan” appeared under the root ᴹ√ALAK “rushing” (Ety/ÁLAK).

Cognates

• Q. alqua “swan” ✧ NM/378; SA/alqua; UT/265; VT42/07

Derivations

• ✶alkwā “swan” ✧ NM/378; VT42/07
  • √ALAK “rushing, rushing, [ᴹ√] swift” ✧ PE18/100
• √ALAK “rushing, rushing, [ᴹ√] swift” ✧ SA/alqua
• T. alpa “swan” ✧ UT/265
  • ✶alkwā “swan” ✧ UT/265
  • √ALAK “rushing, rushing, [ᴹ√] swift” ✧ PE18/100

Element in

• ᴺS. alfeg “cygnet, young swan”
• ᴺS. alfuil “large white sea-bird, albatross, †swan”
• S. Alphros
• S. Elphir
• S. Nîn-in-Eilph “Swanfleet, Waterlands of the Swans” ✧ NM/378; VT42/07

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶alkwā > alpa > alf	[alkwā] > [alpā] > [alpa] > [alpʰa] > [alɸa] > [alfa] > [alf]	✧ NM/378
T. alpa > alph	[alpa] > [alpʰa] > [alɸa] > [alfa] > [alf]	✧ UT/265
T. alpa > eilph	[alpi] > [alpʰi] > [alɸi] > [alfi] > [elfi] > [eilf]	✧ UT/265
✶alkwa > alf	[alkwa] > [alpa] > [alpʰa] > [alɸa] > [alfa] > [alf]	✧ VT42/07

Variations

• alf ✧ NM/378; VT42/07

gil-

noun. star

gill

noun. star

leben

cardinal. five

leben

cardinal. five

Cognates

• Q. lempë “five” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
• T. lepen “five” ✧ VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24

Derivations

• ✶lepene “five” ✧ PE17/095; VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24
  • √LEPEN “five” ✧ VT47/24

Element in

• S. Lebennin “Five Rivers” ✧ PE17/095
• ᴺS. lephaen “fifty”
• S. levnui “fifth” ✧ VT42/25
• ᴺS. paeleben “fifteen”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶lepen > leb(en	[lepene] > [lepen] > [leben]	✧ PE17/095
✶lepene > leben	[lepene] > [lepen] > [leben]	✧ VT42/24
✶lepene > leben	[lepene] > [lepen] > [leben]	✧ VT47/10
✶lepenē̆ > leben	[lepene] > [lepen] > [leben]	✧ VT47/24

Variations

• leb(en ✧ PE17/095

tawarwaith

noun. Silvan elves

galadhrim

noun. Elves of Lothlórien

calben

noun. Elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person")

calben

noun. all Elves but the Avari

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

giliath

noun. all the host of stars

lachend

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

lachenn

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

laegrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes

gûr

noun. heart (in the moral sense), counsel

avar

noun. the Avari, Elves who refused the invitation of the Valar

This plural name was known to the loremasters, but went out of daily use at the time of the Exile

edhel

elf

edhel (pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). _(WJ:363, 377-78; _the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > Elrim_ _may also occur). But since elin also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

edhel

elf

(pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). (WJ:363, 377-78; the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > *Elrim*** may also occur). But since elin** also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

ellon

elf-man

(pl. ellyn)

lefn

elf left behind

pl. lifn.

peredhel

half-elf

(pl. peredhil) (PM:256, 348).

send

grey-elf

(i hend, o send, construct sen) (probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda), pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form).

edhelharn

elf-stone

(a term for beryl) edhelharn (pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).

edhelharn

elf-stone

(a term for beryl) edhelharn (pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31). SEEING STONE (palantír) *gwachaedir (i **wachaedir), no distinct pl. form except with prefixed article (in gwachaedir), coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter form assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch** (PM:186).

edhelharn

elf-stone

(pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).

eglan

forsaken

eglan, pl. eglain also used for "the forsaken Elves" (coll. pl. Egladhrim), i.e. the Sindar or Falathrim that were left i Beleriand. (WJ:379, VT45:12) This people could also be referred to as the Eglath (a coll. pl.), apparently with no singular (?Egol), though Egla- appears at the beginning of compounds (e.g. Eglador = land of the Eglain or Eglath).

eglan

forsaken

pl. eglain also used for "the forsaken Elves" (coll. pl. Egladhrim), i.e. the Sindar or Falathrim that were left i Beleriand. (WJ:379, VT45:12) This people could also be referred to as the Eglath (a coll. pl.), apparently with no singular (?Egol), though Egla- appears at the beginning of compounds (e.g. Eglador = land of the Eglain or Eglath).

elleth

elf-woman

(pl. ellith) (WJ:363-64, 377)

laegel

green-elf

pl. laegil; coll. pl. laegrim or laegeldrim (WJ:385). These forms from a late source would seem to supersede the ”N” forms listed in LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK: *Lhoebenidh* or *Lhoebelidh*. The Green-elves of Beleriand were also called Lindel (pl. Lindil), also Lindedhel (pl. Lindedhil)  *(WJ:385)*.

miniel

first elf

(i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath. (WJ:383)

mornedhel

dark elf

(i Vornedhel), pl. Mornedhil (i Mornedhil). Conceivably the entire word could be umlauted in the pl.: ?Mernedhil. **(WJ:409) Another term for ”Dark Elf” is Dúredhel (i Dhúredhel), pl. Dúredhil (i Núredhil**).

elvellon

elf-friend

(pl. elvellyn, coll. pl. elvellonnath (WJ:412);

meldis

friend

(i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.

mellon

friend

1) (masc.) mellon (i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath. 2) (fem.) meldis (i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.

mellon

friend

(i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath.

gwanwel

elf of aman

(”departed” Elf), pl. gwenwil (in gwenwil), coll. pl. gwanwellath. (WJ:378) Also gwanwen; see

avar

non-eldarin elf

pl. Evair, also called

dúnedhel

elf of beleriand

(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*

alph

swan

alph (pl. eilph)

alph

swan

(pl. eilph)

leben

cardinal. five

leben;

leben

five

;

nest

heart

(core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû- apparently meaning ”heart”..

gîl

star

gîl (i ngîl = i ñîl, o n**gîl, construct gil) (bright spark, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath** (RGEO, MR:388). Poetic †êl (elen-, pl. elin, coll. pl. elenath) (RGEO, Letters:281, WJ:363).

gîl

star

(i ngîl = i ñîl, o n’gîl, construct gil) (bright spark, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath **(RGEO, MR:388). Poetic †êl (elen-, pl. **elin, coll. pl. elenath) (RGEO, Letters:281, WJ:363).

gûr

heart

(i ’ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11).

hûn

heart

1) (physical heart) hûn (i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin), 2) (inner mind) gûr (i **ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11). 3) ind (inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath. 4) nest (core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû**- apparently meaning ”heart”..

hûn

heart

(i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin)

ind

heart

(inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.

calben

elf of the great journey

(i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin).

gilion

of stars

(lenited ngilion; pl. gilioen). Archaic ✱giliaun.

ella

noun/adjective. Elf

Cognates

• Q. Elda “Elf, (lit.) one of the Star-folk” ✧ WJ/362; WJI/Eldar

Derivations

• ✶eledā “star-folk, of the stars” ✧ WJ/360
  • √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ Let/281

Element in

• T. Ellálië “Elvenfolk” ✧ WJ/375

ello

noun. Elf

Cognates

• Q. Elda “Elf, (lit.) one of the Star-folk” ✧ WJ/375; WJ/373
• Q. Eldo “one of the Marchers” ✧ WJI/Eldar

Derivations

• ✶edelō “one who goes, traveller, migrant, marcher” ✧ WJ/362; WJ/360
  • √DEL “walk, go, proceed, travel” ✧ WJ/360; WJ/363

Element in

• T. Audel “Elf who left for Aman” ✧ WJ/364

él

noun. star

Cognates

• Q. él “star” ✧ WJ/362
• Q. elen “star” ✧ WJ/367

Derivations

• ✶ēl “star” ✧ WJ/360
  • √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ WJ/360

Element in

• T. él síla lúmena vomentienguo “A star shines upon the hour of the meeting of our ways” ✧ WJ/407

Variations

• ēl ✧ WJ/362; WJ/407

elen

noun. star

Cognates

• Q. elen “star” ✧ WJ/362

Derivations

• ✶elen “star” ✧ WJ/360
  • √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ Let/281; PE17/067; VT42/11; WJ/360

alpa

noun. swan

Cognates

• Q. alqua “swan” ✧ UT/265

Derivations

• ✶alkwā “swan” ✧ UT/265
  • √ALAK “rushing, rushing, [ᴹ√] swift” ✧ PE18/100

Derivatives

• S. alph “swan” ✧ UT/265

lepen

cardinal. five

Cognates

• Q. lempë “five” ✧ VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24; VT48/06
• S. leben “five” ✧ VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24

Derivations

• ✶lepene “five” ✧ VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24
  • √LEPEN “five” ✧ VT47/24

Element in

• T. lepenya “fifth” ✧ VT42/25

cwenda

noun. elf

A doubtful word according to Tolkien's later conception; in the branch of Eldarin that Nandorin belongs to, primitive KW became P far back in Elvish linguistic history [WJ:375 cf. 407 note 5]. This was not a problem in Tolkien's earlier conception, in which the Danians came from the host of the Noldor, not the Teleri [see PM:76; the idea of the Nandor being of Noldorin origin also occurs in VT47:29]. In his later version of Nandorin, the word cwenda is probably best ignored; simply emending it to *penda would produce a clash with primitive pendâ "sloping" [cf. WJ:375].

In the Etymologies, Tolkien derived cwenda from kwenedê "elf" (stem KWEN(ED) of similar meaning, LR:366; as for the shift of original final -ê to Nandorin -â, compare hrassa "precipice" from khrassê). But later the primitive word that yielded Quenya Quende was reconstructed as kwende (WJ:360).

No certain example shows how original short final -e comes out in Nandorin, so we cannot say whether kwende is also capable of yielding cwenda, ignoring the question of kw failing to become p.

ealc

noun. swan

Primitive form given as alk-wâ, derived from a stem ÁLAK "rushing" (LR:348); alk-wâ would seem to be an adjectival formation (ending -wâ), so the primitive word probably had the same meaning as the stem: "rushing", later used as a noun "rushing (one)" and applied to an animal. According to Tolkien's later conception, kw should probably have come out as p rather than c in Nandorin; see cwenda.

Primitive a becoming ea is a strange shift with no direct parallels even where it might have been expected, but compare eo from i in meord (and from e in beorn), as well as ie from a in sciella. Perhaps we are to understand that the liquids l, r trigger such changes in a preceeding vowel, but then we might expect for instance *ealm instead of alm as the word for "elm-tree".

galadrim

noun. Elves of Lothlórien

Note: "The Galadrim were 'Tree-people' (though the formation is Sindarin, + S [rim] = Q rimbë, great number) = true Sindarin galadhrim."

Danas

noun. Green-elves, Nandor

In Etym derived from the stem DAN (LR:353), simply defined as an "element found in names of the Green-elves", and tentatively compared to NDAN "back" (since the Nandor "turned back" and did not complete the march to the Sea). Tolkien's later view on the derivation of the name of the Green-elves, as set down in WJ:412, is that the stem dan- and its strengthened form ndan- do indeed have a similar meaning: these forms have to do with "the reversal of an action, so as to undo or nullify its effect", and a primitive form ndandô, "one who goes back on his word or decision", is suggested. However, it seems unlikely that the Nandor would have called themselves by such a name, and indeed Tolkien in WJ:385 states that "this people still called themselves by the old clan-name Lindai [= Quenya Lindar], which had at that time taken the form Lindi in their tongue". It may be, then, that Tolkien had rejected the idea that the Nandor called themselves Danas. - As for the ending -as, it is probably to be compared to the Sindarin class plural ending -ath; indeed a Sindarin ("Noldorin") form Danath evidently closely corresponding to Danas is given in LR:353.

nimir

noun. Elf, (lit.) Shining One

A noun translated “Elf” (WJ/419) and fully declined as an example of a Strong I noun (SD/436). In one place, its plural Nimrî was translated “Shining Ones” (SD/358), which indicates was probably derived from the Primitive Adûnaic root √NIMIR.

Conceptual Development: In its earliest appearances from the 1940s, this noun had the plural form Nimrî (SD/358, 388) as opposed to later plural Nimîr (SD/388, 436), which could indicate either an earlier singular form Nimri or a variant syntax for draft-plural formation. The word also appears in Tolkien’s Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 (WJ/386), indicating that this word survived in Tolkien’s later conception of Adûnaic.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. Elda “Elf” ✧ SDI2/Nimrî

Derivations

• √Ad. NIMIR “shine”

Element in

• Ad. Nimriyê “Nimrian Tongue, *Elvish” ✧ SD/414
• Ad. Nimruzîr “*Elf-friend” ✧ SD/389
• Ad. nimruzîr “Elf-friend”

Variations

• nimir ✧ SD/436

ēl

noun. star

Derivations

• √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ WJ/360

Derivatives

• Q. él “star” ✧ WJ/360
• T. él “star” ✧ WJ/360

Element in

• ✶eledā “star-folk, of the stars” ✧ WJ/360
• ✶elen-barathī “star-queen” ✧ PE17/066

Variations

• el ✧ PE17/066

eled

root. *Star-Folk, Elf

Variations

• ’ELED ✧ PE18/084
• ’EDEL ✧ PE18/084 (’EDEL)

elen

noun. star

Derivations

• √EL “lo, behold; star, lo, behold; star, [ᴹ√] starry sky” ✧ Let/281; PE17/067; VT42/11; WJ/360

Derivatives

• ✶elenā “connected with or concerning the stars” ✧ PE17/139
  • Q. Elda “Elf, (lit.) one of the Star-folk” ✧ PE17/139; PE17/152
  • S. Ell “Elf” ✧ PE17/141
    • S. Elleth “Elf-maid” ✧ PE17/141
    • S. Ellon “Elf-man” ✧ PE17/141
  • Q. elenya “adjective referring to the stars, *of the stars, stellar” ✧ WJ/360
  • S. Eledh “Elf” ✧ PE17/139; WJ/360
• Q. elen “star” ✧ PE17/067; PE17/151; WJ/360
• S. êl “star” ✧ PE17/067; PE17/139; PE22/150; WJ/360
• T. elen “star” ✧ WJ/360

Element in

• ✶elenā “connected with or concerning the stars” ✧ WJ/360
• ✶elen-barathī “star-queen” ✧ MR/387
• Q. Elentári “Queen of the Stars, Star-queen” ✧ PE17/022
• S. Elbereth “Queen of Stars, (lit.) Star-queen” ✧ PE17/022; PE17/023

Variations

• ĕlĕn ✧ Let/281
• ELEN ✧ PE17/022; PE17/139; PE17/152
• el-en ✧ PE17/023
• elen- ✧ VT42/11

heklanā

adjective. forsaken

Derivatives

• S. eglan “forsaken” ✧ WJ/365

kwende

noun. speaker, elf

Derivations

• √KWENED “spoken, articulate, spoken, articulate; [ᴹ√] Elf” ✧ PE17/137
  • √KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ PE19/093
  • √KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392
• √KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ PE17/140; WJ/360
  • √KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392

Derivatives

• Av. cuind “the People” ✧ WJ/410
• Av. hwenti “the People” ✧ WJ/410
• Av. kindi “the People” ✧ WJ/410
• Av. kinn-lai “the People” ✧ WJ/410
• Av. penni “the People” ✧ WJ/410
• Av. windan “the People” ✧ WJ/410
• Q. Quendë “Elf, (lit.) One That Speaks” ✧ PE17/137; PE17/141; PE17/152
• S. pen “one, somebody, anybody, one, somebody, anybody; [N.] Elf” ✧ PE17/141
• S. penedh “Elf” ✧ PE17/140; PE17/141
• T. Pendë “Elf (as a race)” ✧ PE17/137

Element in

• ✶kala-kwendī “Light-folk” ✧ WJ/373
• ✶kwenyā “Elvish” ✧ WJ/393
• ✶morikwende “*Dark-elf, [ᴹ✶] Dark-elf” ✧ WJ/373
• S. pengolodh “teaching sage, doctor (of lore), teacher of lore, teaching sage, doctor (of lore), *professor” ✧ PE17/139

Variations

• kwendē̆ ✧ PE17/139
• kwenedē ✧ PE17/140; PE17/141
• kwened- ✧ PE17/152

lenep

root. five

lepem

root. five

lepen

root. five

√LEPEN was the most common root for “five” in Tolkien’s writings, but he explored a variety of other options. Its earliest iteration appeared in the Qenya and Gnomish lexicons as ᴱ√LEH (QL/52) or ᴱ√LEF “half” (GL/53), so I think the actual early form was ✱ᴱ√LEǶE [lexʷe]. At this early stage it had derivatives with the meanings “five”, “ten”, and “half”, but in later writings “ten” became ᴹ√KAYAN >> √KWAY(AM) and “half” became √PER.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root appeared as ᴹ√LEPEN “five” with variant ᴹ√LEPEK, but ᴹ√LEPEK had no derivatives (Ety/LEP). √LEPEN appeared again in a list of numbers from the late 1950s or early 1960s beside a variant √LENEP; again the variant had no clear derivatives (PE17/95). √LEPEN reappeared in numeric discussions from the late 1960s (VT42/24; VT47/10). In these late discussions Tolkien said that “five” most likely originally from ✱lepem as an ancient plural of √LEP, but it seems this became √LEPEN already in Common Eldarin (CE), given that the Sindarin word for “five” remained S. leben; Tolkien gave varying explanations for this CE sound change, either as dissimilation from p (VT47/26 note 2) or with final -m &gt; -n being the regular phonetic development (VT47/24).

Derivatives

• ✶lepene “five” ✧ VT47/24
  • Q. lempë “five” ✧ PE17/095; VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24
  • S. leben “five” ✧ PE17/095; VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24
  • T. lepen “five” ✧ VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24
• Q. lempë “five” ✧ PE17/095
• ᴺS. lebem “fifteen”

Element in

• ✶lepenya “5th” ✧ VT42/26

Variations

• LENEP ✧ PE17/095; PE17/159; PE17/160
• lepen ✧ VT42/24; VT42/26; VT42/26
• lepem ✧ VT42/26 (lepem); VT47/16; VT47/24 (lepem); VT47/27

lepene

noun. five

Derivations

• √LEPEN “five” ✧ VT47/24

Derivatives

• Q. lempë “five” ✧ PE17/095; VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24
• S. leben “five” ✧ PE17/095; VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24
• T. lepen “five” ✧ VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24

Element in

• ᴺQ. lempellumë “five times”
• ᴺQ. lependórë “quintillion”

Variations

• lepen ✧ PE17/095
• lepenē̆ ✧ VT47/24

alkwā

noun. swan

Derivations

• √ALAK “rushing, rushing, [ᴹ√] swift” ✧ PE18/100

Derivatives

• Q. alqua “swan” ✧ NM/378; PE18/100; UT/265; VT42/07
• S. alph “swan” ✧ NM/378; VT42/07
• At. alpa “swan” ✧ VT42/07
• T. alpa “swan” ✧ UT/265
  • S. alph “swan” ✧ UT/265

Variations

• álkwā ✧ PE18/100
• alkwa ✧ UT/265; VT42/07

edhel

noun. Elf

elf

noun. friend

Cognates

• ᴹQ. helmo “friend” ✧ EtyAC/ÑEL

Derivations

• ᴹ√ÑEL “friendship” ✧ EtyAC/ÑEL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ÑEL > elf	[ŋelmo] > [elmo] > [elm] > [elv]	✧ EtyAC/ÑEL

penedh

noun. Elf

Cognates

• ᴹQ. Qende “Elf” ✧ Ety/KWEN(ED)
• ᴹQ. Qendelie “Elf-race” ✧ Ety/KWEN(ED)

Derivations

• ᴹ✶kwenedē “Elf” ✧ Ety/KWEN(ED)
  • ᴹ√KWEN(ED) “Elf” ✧ Ety/KWEN(ED)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶kwenedē > penedh	[kwenedē] > [penedē] > [penede] > [peneðe] > [peneð]	✧ Ety/KWEN(ED)
ᴹ✶kwenedē > penidh	[kwenedī] > [penedī] > [penedi] > [peneði] > [peniði] > [penið]	✧ Ety/KWEN(ED)

Variations

• peneð ✧ EtyAC/SET (peneð)

penn

noun. Elf

Cognates

• ᴹQ. Qende “Elf”

Derivations

• ᴹ√KWEN(ED) “Elf”

Element in

• N. Morbenn “Dark Elf” ✧ EtyAC/MOR (Morbenn)

Variations

• penn ✧ PE22/067

el

noun. star

Cognates

• ᴹQ. él “star” ✧ Ety/EL
• ᴹQ. elen “star” ✧ Ety/EL; Ety/EL

Derivations

• ᴹ√EL “star, starry sky” ✧ Ety/EL; Ety/EL

Element in

• N. elanor “sun-star”
• N. Elbereth “Queen of Stars, (lit.) Star Queen” ✧ Ety/EL
• N. Elrond “Starry-dome, Sky” ✧ Ety/EL
• N. Elros “Star-foam”
• N. Eldûn “*West-star”
• N. Elrûn “*East-star”
• N. Elwing “Star-spray” ✧ Ety/EL; Ety/EL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√EL > el	[elen] > [ele] > [el]	✧ Ety/EL

alf

noun. swan

alf

noun. swan

Cognates

• ᴹQ. alqa “swan” ✧ Ety/ÁLAK

Derivations

• On. alpha “swan” ✧ Ety/ÁLAK
  • ᴹ✶alkwā “swan” ✧ Ety/ÁLAK
  • ᴹ√(A)LAK “swift, rushing” ✧ Ety/ÁLAK; PE18/050

Element in

• N. Alfobas “*Swan-harbourage”
• N. Alflon “*Swan-haven”
• N. Hobas in Elf “*Harbourage of the Swans” ✧ Ety/KHOP

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. alpha > alf	[alɸa] > [alfa] > [alf]	✧ Ety/ÁLAK
On. alpha > Elf	[alɸi] > [alfi] > [elfi] > [elf]	✧ Ety/ÁLAK

geil

noun. star, bright spark

geil

noun. star

Derivations

• ᴹ✶gilya “star” ✧ Ety/GIL
  • ᴹ√GIL “shine (white or pale)” ✧ Ety/GIL

Element in

• N. Dagor nuin Giliath “Battle-under-Stars”
• N. Dagor-os-Giliath “Battle under Stars”
• N. Edegil “Seven Stars” ✧ Ety/OT
• N. Gilbrennil “Varda” ✧ Ety/GIL
• N. Gildor
• N. Gil-galad “Starlight” ✧ Ety/GIL
• N. gilhof “dew, *(lit.) star-juice”
• N. gilith “starlight, *region of the stars” ✧ Ety/GIL
• N. Gilthoniel “Star-maker, Lady of the Stars” ✧ Ety/GIL
• N. Argilion “*Star-day”
• N. Osgiliath “Fortress of the Stars”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶gilya > gíl	[gilji] > [gilī] > [gil] > [gīl]	✧ Ety/GIL
ᴹ✶gilya > geil	[gilja] > [gelja] > [gelia] > [geli] > [geil]	✧ Ety/GIL

Variations

• gîl ✧ EtyAC/GIL

eledh

noun. Star-folk, Elf

Changes

• eledh → Eledh “‘departed’ Elf” ✧ Ety/ELED

Cognates

• ᴹQ. Elda “Elf” ✧ Ety/ELED; Ety/ELED

Derivations

• ᴹ√LED “go, fare, travel” ✧ Ety/ELED
• ᴹ√ELED “Star-Folk, Elves” ✧ Ety/ELED

Element in

• N. Caleledh “*Light Elf”
• N. Dureledh “Dark-elf”
• N. Eledhwen “Elf-maid” ✧ Ety/ELED
• N. Eledûn
• N. Elennor “*Elf-land” ✧ Ety/ELED
• N. Elethon “Ælfwine”
• N. Lhoebelidh “Green-elves” ✧ Ety/LÁYAK

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ELED > eledh	[eleda] > [eleða] > [eleð]	✧ Ety/ELED
ᴹ√ÉLED > Eledh	[eleda] > [eleða] > [eleð]	✧ Ety/ELED
ᴹ√ÉLED > Elidh	[eledī] > [eledi] > [eleði] > [eliði] > [elið]	✧ Ety/ELED

Variations

• eledh ✧ Ety/ELED (eledh)

meldir

noun. friend

meldis

noun. friend

mellon

noun. friend

mellon

noun. friend

Cognates

• ᴹQ. málo “friend” ✧ Ety/MEL
• ᴹQ. meldo “(friend), lover” ✧ EtyAC/MEL

Derivations

• ᴹ√MEL “love (as friend)” ✧ Ety/MEL; EtyAC/MEL

Element in

• N. pedo mellon a minno “speak, friend, and enter” ✧ TI/182

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MEL > meldon > mellon	[meldondo] > [melðondo] > [melðond] > [mellond] > [mellonn] > [mellon]	✧ EtyAC/MEL

Variations

• Mellon ✧ TI/181

lheben

cardinal. five

lheben

cardinal. five

Cognates

• ᴹQ. lempe “five” ✧ Ety/LEP

Derivations

• ᴹ√LEPEN “five” ✧ Ety/LEP

Element in

• N. Lebennin “Seven Streams”
• N. Lhefneg “Fifth”
• N. lheben teil brann i annon ar neledh neledhi gar godrebh “five foot high the door and three may walk abreast” ✧ TAI/150

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√LEPEN > lheben	[lepene] > [lepen] > [l̥epen] > [l̥eben]	✧ Ety/LEP

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

thond

noun. friend

Cognates

• ᴹQ. sondo “friend” ✧ EtyAC/SON

Derivations

• ᴹ√SON “love, befriend, cherish” ✧ EtyAC/SON

Element in

• N. Elethon “Ælfwine” ✧ EtyAC/SON (Elethon)
• N. Manathon “Bliss-friend” ✧ EtyAC/SON (Manathon*)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√SON > thond	[tʰondo] > [θondo] > [θond]	✧ EtyAC/SON

hûn

noun. heart (physical)

giliath

noun. all the host of stars

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes