Quenya 

calima

bright

calima adj. "bright" (VT42:32); cf. ancalima; in PE17:56, arcalima appears as another superlative "brightest" (see ar- #2).

ezel

green

ezel, ezella adj. "green" (in Vanyarin Quenya only). Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)

ezel(la)

adjective. green

laica

green

laica (1) adj. "green" (in older sources laiqua) (Letters:282, PE17:159). Laicolassë (laica + #olassë) "green-foliage" (PE17:46), Quenya cognate of Sindarin Laegolas (dialectal form Legolas); compare olassië. Adj. laicalassë "green as leaves", literally "green-leaf" (PE17:56).

laica

adjective. green

Cognates

  • S. laeg “fresh and green, viridis, green (of leaves/herbiage), green, viridis, green (of leaves/herbiage), fresh” ✧ Let/282; PE17/084; PE17/159
  • Nan. lego “green” ✧ Let/282

Derivations

  • ✶laikā “green” ✧ Let/282
    • √LAY “*be alive, flourish, [ᴱ√] be alive, flourish” ✧ Let/282
  • √LAY “*be alive, flourish, [ᴱ√] be alive, flourish” ✧ PE17/159

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶laikā > laica[laikā] > [laika]✧ Let/282
√LAY > laika[laikā] > [laika]✧ PE17/159

Variations

  • laikā ✧ PE17/084
  • laika ✧ PE17/159
Quenya [Let/282; PE17/056; PE17/084; PE17/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laiqua

green

laiqua ("q")adj. "green" (LÁYAK, LT1:267, MC:214), "Qenya" pl. laiquali ("q")(MC:216). Occurs in the phrase laiqua'ondoisen ("q") "green-rocks-upon" (MC:221; this is "Qenya"), Laiqualassë ("q") masc. name "Legolas" (Greenleaf) (LT1:267). Used as noun in the phrase mi laiqua of somebody clad "in green" (PE17:71). In later material, the word for "green" appears as laica, and the cognate of Legolas is said to be Laicolassë, q.v. (PE17:56)

laiqua

adjective. green

Changes

  • laiqua → laikā “green” ✧ PE17/084

Cognates

  • S. laeg “fresh and green, viridis, green (of leaves/herbiage), green, viridis, green (of leaves/herbiage), fresh” ✧ PE17/153
  • Nan. lego “green” ✧ PE17/153

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶laiquā > laiqua[laikwā] > [laikwa]✧ PE17/153
Quenya [PE17/071; PE17/084; PE17/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wenya

green, yellow-green, fresh

wenya adj. "green, yellow-green, fresh" (GWEN), apparently "fair, beautiful" ("probably originally "fresh, fair, unblemished especially of beauty of youth") in a later deleted note (PE17:191).

Sindarin 

calen

adjective. green

Sindarin [Ety/362, S/429, Letters/282, RC/349, VT/42:19] Etym. "bright-coloured". Group: SINDICT. Published by

calen

green

(galen) _ adj. _green (fresh, vigorous). galen after a sg. noun. Q. kălina (lit. illumined) sunny, light.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:77:153] < GAL. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

calen

adjective. green; fresh, vigorous; †bright, green; †bright, [N.] bright-coloured; [S.] fresh, vigorous

Cognates

  • Q. calima “bright, luminous” ✧ PE17/153
  • Q. calina “light, bright, sunny, (lit.) illumined” ✧ PE17/153; VT42/19

Derivations

  • √KAL “light; shine, be bright, light; shine, be bright, [ᴱ√] shine golden” ✧ PE17/153; PE17/153; SA/calen; SA/kal

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√KAL > calen[kalinā] > [kalina] > [kalena] > [kalen]✧ PE17/153
√KAL > calen[kalinā] > [kalina] > [kalena] > [kalen]✧ PE17/153
√kal- > calen[kalinā] > [kalina] > [kalena] > [kalen]✧ SA/calen
√kal- > Gelin[kalini] > [kelini] > [kelin]✧ SA/calen
√kal- > calen[kalinā] > [kalina] > [kalena] > [kalen]✧ SA/kal

Variations

  • Calen ✧ VT42/19
Sindarin [Let/282; PE17/077; PE17/120; PE17/153; RC/349; SA/calen; SA/kal; UT/281; VT42/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laeb

adjective. green

_ adj. _green. A theoretical equivalent to Q. laiqua but that did not exist in Sindarin.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:153] < _laiqua_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

laeg

green

_ adj. _green. >> Legolas

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:84] < _laikā_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

laeg

adjective. green

_ adj. _green (of leaves, herbage). Q. laika.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:159] < LAY. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

glân

adjective. bright, shining white

The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" (and later "clear") as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text, but see VT/45:13). Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE/11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE/13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is also long, though this is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking

Sindarin [Curunír 'Lân UT/390] Group: SINDICT. Published by

calen

green

1) (etymologically "bright") calen (lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath **Gelin, "Green Ridges"). 2) laeg (fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas** ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).

calen

green

(lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath Gelin, "Green Ridges").

lasgalen

leaf-green

(pl. lesgelin).

gail

bright

gail (light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).

gail

bright

(light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).

laeg

green

(fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386). 

gîl

bright spark

(i ngîl = i ñîl, construct gil) (star, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. *giliath** (RGEO, MR:388)*

Quendya 

ezel(la)

adjective. green

Element in

Variations

  • ezel/ezella ✧ WJ/399

Nandorin 

lego

adjective. green

Cognates

  • Q. laica “green” ✧ Let/282
  • Q. laiqua “green” ✧ PE17/153

Derivations

  • ✶laikā “green” ✧ Let/282
    • √LAY “*be alive, flourish, [ᴱ√] be alive, flourish” ✧ Let/282
  • ✶laikwā ✧ PE17/153

Element in

  • Nan. Legolas “Greenleaf” ✧ Let/282; PE17/153

Variations

  • leg ✧ Let/282
  • lēgo ✧ PE17/153
  • lĕgo ✧ PE17/153
Nandorin [Let/282; PE17/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

kalinā

adjective. bright

Derivatives

  • Q. calina “light, bright, sunny, (lit.) illumined”

Elements

WordGloss
kal-“to shine, be bright”
-nā“adjective suffix; passive participle”
Primitive elvish [PE22/136] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laikā

adjective. green

Derivations

  • √LAY “*be alive, flourish, [ᴱ√] be alive, flourish” ✧ Let/282

Derivatives

  • Nan. lego “green” ✧ Let/282
  • Q. laica “green” ✧ Let/282
  • S. laeg “fresh and green, viridis, green (of leaves/herbiage), green, viridis, green (of leaves/herbiage), fresh” ✧ Let/282
Primitive elvish [Let/282] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

calen

adjective. green

Noldorin [Ety/362, S/429, Letters/282, RC/349, VT/42:19] Etym. "bright-coloured". Group: SINDICT. Published by

calen

adjective. green, (orig.) bright-coloured

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. kalina “light” ✧ Ety/KAL

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KAL “shine” ✧ Ety/KAL

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KAL > calen[kalinā] > [kalina] > [kalena] > [kalen]✧ Ety/KAL
Noldorin [Ety/KAL; LR/305] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

laiqa

adjective. green

Cognates

  • N. lhoeb “fresh” ✧ Ety/LÁYAK
  • Ilk. laig “fresh, lively; keen, sharp” ✧ Ety/LÁYAK

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶laikwā “fresh” ✧ Ety/LÁYAK
    • ᴹ√LAYAK “*fresh, green” ✧ Ety/LAIK; Ety/LÁYAK

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶laı̯k-wā > laiqa[laikwā] > [laikwa]✧ Ety/LÁYAK

Doriathrin

gwene

adjective. green

An adjective for “green” derived from the root ᴹ√GWEN (Ety/GWEN). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. wenya suggests its primitive form was ✱✶gwenyā [gwenjā]. If so, it is an example of how, after [[ilk|final [a] was lost]], the [[ilk|final [j] became [i]]] and then became [e], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/gwene).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. venya “green, yellow-green, fresh” ✧ Ety/GWEN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GWEN “*fresh, green” ✧ Ety/GWEN

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√GWEN > gwene[gwenjā] > [gwenja] > [gwenj] > [gweni] > [gwene]✧ Ety/GWEN
Doriathrin [Ety/GWEN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gelion

adjective. bright

An adjective meaning “bright” derived from the root ᴹ√GAL, the basis of the river name Gelion (Ety/GYEL). There isn’t enough information to deduce its primitive form, but Helge Fauskanger suggested ✱✶galjānā (AL-Ilkorin/gelion), which seems reasonably plausible.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GAL “shine” ✧ Ety/GYEL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√GAL > gelion[galjānā] > [galjāna] > [galjōna] > [galiōna] > [geliōna] > [geliōn] > [gelion]✧ Ety/GYEL
Doriathrin [Ety/GYEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

galan

root. bright

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ala “day” ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹
  • ᴹQ. alan “daytime” ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹
  • ᴺS. glaen “serene, clear, fair (espec. of weather)”
  • S. glân “white, [bright shining] white; [N.] clear; [G.] pure, †bright; [ᴱN.] clean”
  • N. glan “clear” ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹
  • ᴺS. glanna- “to cleanse, purify, purge, *to clear, make clear”

Variations

  • GALÁN ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/GAL¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

laib

adjective. green

Changes

  • glaib → glaib “green” ✧ GL/39

Cognates

  • Eq. laiqa “green” ✧ GL/39; PE15/28

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LAẎA “be alive, flourish” ✧ LT1A/Tári-Laisi

Element in

  • G. Legolas “Greenleaf” ✧ PE15/28
  • G. Laigolas “Green-leaf” ✧ LT1A/Tári-Laisi
  • G. laibrin “green, fresh, youthful” ✧ GL/52

Variations

  • glaib ✧ GL/39 (glaib); LT1A/Tári-Laisi
  • Laib ✧ PE15/28
  • laigo- ✧ PE15/28 (laigo-)
Gnomish [GL/39; GL/52; LT1A/Tári-Laisi; PE15/28] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

lhaiw

adjective. green

Early Noldorin [PE13/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

laika

adjective. green

laiqa

adjective. green

Changes

  • laiqa → lúne ✧ PE16/056
  • laiqa → laiq’ ✧ PE16/062

Cognates

  • G. laib “green” ✧ GL/39; PE15/28

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LAẎA “be alive, flourish” ✧ LT1A/Tári-Laisi; PME/052; QL/052

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√LAẎA > laiqa[laðʲkʷā] > [laðʲkʷa] > [lajkʷa] > [laikʷa]✧ QL/052

Variations

  • laika ✧ PE16/139
Early Quenya [GL/39; LT1A/Tári-Laisi; MC/214; MC/216; MC/221; PE14/083; PE15/28; PE16/056; PE16/062; PE16/065; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/077; PE16/100; PE16/104; PE16/139; PME/052; QL/052; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

selka

adjective. bright

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SELE “*bright” ✧ QL/083

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√SELE > selka[selkā] > [selka]✧ QL/083
Early Quenya [PME/083; QL/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by