lue

it is heavy, sad

Naira

dreadful, horrible, unendurable

naira (3) adj. "dreadful, horrible, unendurable" (PE17:151)

naira

adjective. dreadful, horrible, unendurable, dreadful, horrible, unendurable, [ᴱQ.] dire, grievous

Cognates

• S. naer “dreadful, horrible, unendurable, dreadful, horrible, unendurable; [N.] lamentable, sad” ✧ PE17/151

Derivations

• √NAY “cause bitter grief or pain, cause bitter grief or pain, [ᴹ√] lament” ✧ PE17/151

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√NAY > naira	[naira]	✧ PE17/151

Variations

• naira ✧ PE17/151

nómë

place

#nómë noun "place", isolated from Nómesseron, q.v. Cf. also sinomë.

nómë

noun. place

Derivations

• √NOM “place”

Element in

• ᴺQ. ainomë “anyplace, anywhere”
• ᴺQ. ilinomë “everywhere”
• ᴺQ. istanómë “school, academy”
• ᴺQ. mancanómë “market, market-place”
• ᴺQ. minomë “instead, in place of, in exchange of”
• ᴺQ. nanomë “someplace, somewhere”
• ᴺQ. nómëa “local”
• ᴺQ. nómessëa “local”
• Q. nómessë “place-name” ✧ VT42/17
• ᴺQ. -non “-place, -spot (forms place-names, area nouns)”
• Q. Quentalë Ardanómion “*History of the Places of Arda” ✧ WJ/206
• Q. sinomë “here, (lit.) in this place”
• Q. tanomë “there, (lit.) in the place (referred to)”

Variations

• Nóme ✧ VT42/17 (Nóme)

nairea

adjective. sorrowful

lemba

adjective. sad

Derivations

• ᴹ√DEM “sad, gloomy”

colonda

adjective. burdened, weighed down, sad

Elements

Word	Gloss
cólo	“burden”

nûr

adjective. sad

For an earlier discussion, see Klockzo, 4th volume, p. 160 §147: The meaning of Núrnen long remained highly hypothetical. The current definition is based on Christopher Tolkien's index to UT and on the unfinished index of names published in RC. The Gnomish Lexicon listed nur- (nauri) "growl, grumble", nurn "plaint, lament, a complaint" and nurna- "bewail, lament, complain of" (PE/11:61). Likewise, the Qenyaqetsa included a root NURU- with several derivatives with similar meanings (PE/12:68). See also Q. nurrula "mumbling" (from nurru- "murmur, grumble") in the final version of the poem The Last Ark (MC/222-23). Patrick Wynne therefore noted: S. *nûr in Núrnen "Sad Water" is apparently "sad" in the sense "bewailing, lamenting, complaining, grumbling", no doubt a reference to the general mood of the hapless laborers in "the great slave-worked fields" beside the lake. (See Lambengolmor/856-860)

sad

noun. limited area naturally or artificially defined, a place, spot

sad

noun. place, spot

Derivations

• √SAT “space, place; divide, apportion, mark off” ✧ VT42/19

Element in

• ᴺS. alhad “nowhere”
• S. Arahad
• S. Calenhad “Green Space” ✧ UTI/Calenhad; VT42/19
• ᴺS. ilhad “everywhere”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√SAT > sad	[sat] > [sad]	✧ VT42/19

daer

adjective. dreadful

_ adj. _dreadful, horrible, ghastly.

naer

adjective. dreadful

_ adj. _dreadful, horrible, unendurable. Q. naira.

naer

adjective. sad, lamentable

naer

adjective. dreadful, horrible, unendurable, dreadful, horrible, unendurable; [N.] lamentable, sad

Cognates

• Q. naira “dreadful, horrible, unendurable, dreadful, horrible, unendurable, [ᴱQ.] dire, grievous” ✧ PE17/151

Derivations

• √NAY “cause bitter grief or pain, cause bitter grief or pain, [ᴹ√] lament” ✧ PE17/151

Element in

• S. Cabed Naeramarth “Leap of Dreadful Doom” ✧ S/224
• ᴺS. naeras “sorrow, woe”
• S. naergon “woeful lament”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√NAY > naer	[nairā] > [naira] > [nair] > [naer]	✧ PE17/151

Variations

• Naer ✧ S/224

goeol

adjective. dreadful, terrifying

dem

sad

1) dem (gloomy), lenited dhem, pl. dhim; 2) naer (dreadful, lamentable, woeful); no distinct pl. form. 3) nûr (pl. nuir). Note: homophones mean ”deep” and ”race”.

dem

sad

(gloomy), lenited dhem, pl. dhim

naer

sad

(dreadful, lamentable, woeful); no distinct pl. form.

nûr

sad

(pl. nuir). Note: homophones mean ”deep” and ”race”.

sâd

place

sâd (-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)

sâd

place

(-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)  

sâd

spot

sâd (-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (place, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)

sâd

spot

(-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (place, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)

sâd

area

(limited area naturally or artificially defined) sâd (-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (place, spot), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)

sâd

area

(-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (place, spot), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)

land

open space

(construct lan, pl. laind) (level), also used as adjective ”wide, plain”.

sant

privately owned place

(i hant, o sant) (field, garden, yard), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)

gardh

bounded or defined place

(i ’ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh);

dem

adjective. sad, gloomy

Derivations

• ᴹ✶dimbā “sad, gloomy”
  • ᴹ√DEM “sad, gloomy” ✧ EtyAC/DEM

Element in

• S. Dimbar “*Sad Home”

gaer

dreadful

1) gaer (awful, fearful; holy); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea". 2) naer (lamentable, woeful, sad); no distinct pl. form.

gaer

dreadful

(awful, fearful; holy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".

naer

dreadful

(lamentable, woeful, sad); no distinct pl. form.

caew

resting place

(i gaew, o chaew) (lair). No distinct pl. form except with article (i chaew).

pêg

small spot

(i bêg, construct peg) (dot), pl. pîg (i phîg)

heltha

strip

(verb) heltha- (i cheltha, i chelthar). (VT46:14; in LR:386 s.v. SKEL the erroneous reading ”helta” appears.)

heltha

strip

(i cheltha, i chelthar). (VT46:14; in LR:386 s.v. SKEL the erroneous reading ”helta” appears.)

pathu

level place

(i bathu) (sward), analogical pl. pethy (i phethy). Cited in archaic form pathw in the source (LR:380 s.v. PATH); hence the coll. pl. is likely pathwath. In the Etymologies as printed in

nírol

adjective. sad, sorrowing, *sorrowful

Elements

Word	Gloss
nîr	“tear, weeping, weeping, [G.] grief, sorrow; [N.] tear”

sad

root. strip, flay, peel off

A root glossed “strip, flay, peel off” in notes on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from 1967-69 given to explain the second element of S. Calenhad as S. sâdh, with Tolkien stating that “dh” is generally represented as “d” in his maps (VT42/20). The root is mentioned nowhere else.

Derivatives

• S. sâdh “sward, turf” ✧ VT42/20

dim Reconstructed

root. sad, gloomy

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. nimbë “gloom, sadness”

nom Reconstructed

root. place

A hypothetical root serving as the basis for Q. nómë “place”.

Derivatives

• Q. nómë “place”

dem

adjective. sad, gloomy

No language indication in the Etymologies, but Noldorin from context and phonological evidence

dem

adjective. sad, gloomy

gaer

adjective. dreadful

gaer

adjective. dreadful

Derivations

• On. gērrha “dreadful” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS
  • ᴹ✶gaisrā “dreadful” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS
  • ᴹ√GAYAS “fear” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. gērrha > gaer	[gę̄rra] > [gę̄rr] > [gaerr] > [gaer]	✧ Ety/GÁYAS

gorgor

adjective. dreadful

Derivations

• √ÑGOR “dread, terror, fear, horror”

Element in

• N. Kirith Gorgor “Dreadful Pass” ✧ WR/122

Variations

• Gorgor ✧ WR/122

noer

adjective. sad, lamentable

noer

adjective. sad, lamentable

Derivations

• ᴹ√NAY “lament” ✧ Ety/NAY

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√NAY > noer	[najra] > [naira] > [nair] > [noer]	✧ Ety/NAY

peg

noun. small spot, dot

men

noun. *place

Derivations

• ᴹ√MEN “go, proceed”

Element in

• N. Men Falros “*Place of Splashing Foam” ✧ WR/326

Variations

• Men ✧ WR/326

sad Reconstructed

noun. *place

Element in

• N. Calenhad