pen

pronoun. one, somebody, anybody, one, somebody, anybody; [N.] Elf

A Sindarin pronoun with the sense “one, somebody, anybody” appearing in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, also used as a suffix in words like orodben “mountaineer” and rochben “rider” (WJ/376), originally “✱mountain-person” and “✱horse-person”. It was thus more narrow in scope than its Quenya cognate quén “person”. Hints of this word can be found in other late writings, such as in the final element in Morben (PE17/141; EtyAC/MOR), originally “Dark-elf” but later expanded to include any people who are not among the Celbin “✱Light folk”, which applied to “peoples in alliance in the War against Morgoth” (WJ/377).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. penn meant “Elf” in the compound N. Morbenn “Dark-elf”, though this word was rejected (EtyAC/MOR). The word N. penn, plural i-phinn “the Elves” also appeared in notes on Ælfwine’s spelling from around 1937-8 (PE22/67). This Noldorin form was thus a cognate of ᴹQ. Qende “Elf”, though elsewhere the usual cognate was N. penedh (Ety/KWEN(ED)); see the entry on S. penedh for further discussion. However, the later Sindarin pronoun/suffix “had no special association with Elves” (WJ/376).

pen

preposition/prefix. without, lacking, -less

pen

pronoun. one, somebody, anybody

Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2

pen

preposition. without, lacking, -less

pen

adverb. lacking

adv. lacking, without.

pen-arduin

place name. Pen-arduin

Home of Borlas in Tolkien’s aborted sequel to The Lord of the Rings: The New Shadow (PM/411). The meaning of this name is unclear, but David Salo suggested it might be a combination of pend “fall”, ar(a)- “royal” and duin “river” (GS/389).

pengolodh

masculine name. Pengolodh

The great Sindarin Lambengolmo (linguist), the purported author of much of Tolkien’s linguistic writings (PM/395, WJ/396). His name is simply pengolodh “teacher of lore” used as a name (PE17/139-140).

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, his name was N. Pengolod, where various footnotes indicate he may have been the author, or at least the compiler, of the Silmarillion itself (LR/113, 228, 277-278). The final -d matches the orthographic conventions of this period, where [ð] was sometimes represented by d (PE22/34, 67). In some later writings, Tolkien considered changing his name to Thingódhel (WJ/419 note #25).

pend

penda

adj. Q. penda. >> penn, pind, pinn

penn

penda

adj. Q. penda. >> pend

penn

Penn

penwaith

noun. penwaith

pl2. n. . This gloss was rejected.

pend

noun/adjective. slope, steep incline, hill side; sloping (down), steeply inclined, slope, steep incline, hill side, [N.] declivity; [S.] sloping (down), steeply inclined

A noun for “slope” (RC/525) or a “steep incline, hill side” (PE17/24), also used as an adjective for “steeply inclined, sloping down” (PE17/24) or “steeply sloping” (PE17/173). In keeping with the general conventions of this lexicon, I represent it as pend since Tolkien said -nd frequently survived “at the end of fully accented monosyllables” (LotR/1115), but in his notes Tolkien marked pend as Old Sindarin and gave penn as the modern form (PE17/24, 173).

Conceptual Development: The earliest appearance of this word was in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s as ᴱN. benn (†bend) with glosses like “inclined, sloping” (PE13/138) or “slanting, sloping, up or down hill” (PE13/160). In this period it as derived from primitive ᴱ✶bendā and was an adjective only; the noun form was ᴱN. binn.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s it first appeared as N. denn (†dend) “sloping” as a derivative of ᴹ√DEN “hillside, slope”, but the meaning of this root was change to ᴹ√DEN “hole; gap, passage” (Ety/DEN). Tolkien introduced a new root ᴹ√PEN(ED) with the derivative N. penn (†pend) “declivity” (Ety/PEN). In later writings, though, its root form was √PED instead of ᴹ√PEN, as √PEN was given the new sense “lack, be without” (PE17/173; WJ/375).

Pen-ada

noun. fatherless

pen (“without, lacking”) + adar (“father”)

pen-

without

(ben-) _ pref. _without,**less. pen-adar 'fatherless'. >> ben-, ú-

penadar

adjective. 'fatherless'

adj. 'fatherless'. >> pen-

pen-

-less

pref. -less. >> penadar

pen-

-less

pref. -less. Q. _pen _without, not having. . This gloss was rejected.

pen-

verb. 'have not'

v. 'have not'. penimvast 'we have no bread'. >> ú-

pend

slope

pl1. pind _n. _slope. >> #penn, pind, pinn

penn

slope

pl1. pinn _n. _slope. >> #pend

penna

verb. 3rd sg

_v. _3rd sg. undefined of penna 'come down', originally 'come down a slope or from a hill'. silivren penna míriel lit. 'glittering slants-down sparkling (as jewels)'. >> penna-

penna-

verb. come donw in a slant

v. come donw in a slant, fall. Q. weak v. penda- slope, incline.

pen-

verb. to have not

penbed

adjective. not pronouncable

pengolodh

noun. teaching sage, doctor (of lore), teacher of lore, teaching sage, doctor (of lore), *professor

penim vast

we have no bread

pennod

adjective. without count

pennoediad

adjective. innumerable

penedh

noun. Elf

penna-

verb. to come down (in a slant), fall

Pen-adar

'Fatherless'

(Ben-adar) prop. n. 'Fatherless', a title of Tom Bombadil.

pen-

obsolete except in few names

pref. obsolete except in few names. >> -ben

pen-bed

adjective. not pronunceable

adj. not pronunceable (rather than ineffable).

pen-nod

adjective. without count

adj. without count.

pen-noediad

adjective. innumerable

adj. innumerable.

penedh

historical form obsolete as specific 'tribal' or general

{ð} n. historical form obsolete as specific 'tribal' or general, except as element in certain proper-names.

pengolodh

a teacher of lore

{ð} _n. _a teacher of lore, teaching sage, doctor. Also used as a title or name. >> golodh

penim

verb. we have not

_ v. & suff. _we have not. >> -m

penn

noun. declivity, slope

penna-

verb. to slant down

pennath

noun. slopes

pl2. n. #slopes. >> Pinnath Gelin****

penneth

noun. ridges, group of downs

penninor

noun. last day of the year

pen

cardinal. one

(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

pen

without

1) pen (lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited. 2)

pen

without

(lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited.

pen

less

S pen (lenited ben) (without, lacking) (WJ:375) The phrase ben-adar ”without father, fatherless” is treated as an adjective and lenited following a noun (Iarwain ben-adar, Iarwain the Fatherless or Iarwain without father). Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”.

pen

less

(lenited ben) (without, lacking) (WJ:375) The phrase ben-adar ”without father, fatherless” is treated as an adjective and lenited following a noun (Iarwain ben-adar, Iarwain the Fatherless or Iarwain without father).  Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”.

pen

somebody

pen (one, anybody) (WJ:376); lenited ben

pen

lacking

(lenited ben) (without, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”.

pen

anybody

pen (one, somebody) (WJ:376); lenited ben

pen

one

(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

pen

somebody

(one, anybody) (WJ:376); lenited ben

pen

anybody

(one, somebody) (WJ:376); lenited ben

pen

pronoun. us (inclusive)

tegil

noun. pen

tegil

noun. pen

Sindarized form of Quenya tekil, not known to the Sindar until the coming of the Ñoldor (but see however tegol for a possible dialectal variant)

penadar

penadar

The noun adar and prefix pen- translated as "-less".

pengolodh

Pengolodh

The Sindarin name Pengolodh is glossed as "'teaching sage', doctor of lore". The Quenya version of his name was Quendingoldo or Quengoldo. Pengolodh consists of the words pen and golodh.[source?] Pengolodh also appears spelled Pengolod, Pengoloð, Pengoloth, and Pengoloþ — the ending in all cases representing the voiced same sound.[source?]

paen

small gull

1) *paen (i baen, o phaen) (petrel), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phaen). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” poen, VT45:24. 2) cuen (i guen, o chuen) (petrel), pl. ?cuin (?i chuin) (VT45:24)

paen

petrel

1) *paen (i baen, o phaen) (small gull), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phaen) Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” poen, VT45:24. 2) cuen (i guen, o chuen) (small gull), pl. ?cuin (?i chuin) (VT45:24)

paen

petrel

(i baen, o phaen) (small gull), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phaen) Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” poen, VT45:24.

tegilbor

masculine name. *Pen-fist

A term for one skilled in calligraphy (PM/318), a combination of tegil “pen” and the suffixal form -bor of paur “fist”.

tegilbor

noun. pen-hand

tegil (Sindarized Q tekil “pen”) + paur (“a tightly closed hand as in using an implement or a craft-tool”)

pend

declivity

pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (fall), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath

pend

declivity

(i bend, o phend; construct pen) (fall), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath

pendrad

stairway

pendrad (i bendrad, o phendrad) (passage up or down slope), pl. pendraid (i phendraid). A side-form ends in -rath instead of -rad.

pendrad

stairway

(i bendrad, o phendrad) (passage up or down slope), pl. pendraid (i phendraid). A side-form ends in -rath instead of -rad.

pendrad

passage up or down slope

pendrad (i bendrad, o phendrad) (stairway), pl. pendraid (i phendraid). A side-form ends in -rath instead of -rad.

pendrad

passage up or down slope

pendrad (i bendrad, o phendrad) (stairway), pl. pendraid (i phendraid). A side-form ends in -rath instead of -rad.

pendrad

passage up or down slope

(i bendrad, o phendrad) (stairway), pl. pendraid (i phendraid). A side-form ends in -rath instead of -rad.

penia

set

penia- (i benia, i pheniar) (fix).

penia

fix

penia- (i benia, i pheniar) (set);

penna

slant down

penna- (i benna, i phennar)

penna

slant down

penna- (i benna, i phennar).

pennas

history

(i bennas, o phennas) (account), pl. pennais (i phennais), coll. pl. pennassath

penninor

last day of the year

(i benninor, o phenninor), pl. penninoer (i phenninoer). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” penninar (LR:400 s.v. YEN).

penninor

last day of the year

*penninor (i benninor, o phenninor), pl. penninoer (i phenninoer). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” penninar (LR:400 s.v. YEN).

pent

story

pent (i bent, o phent) (tale), pl. pint (i phint), coll. pl. pennath.

pent

story

(i bent, o phent) (tale), pl. pint (i phint), coll. pl. pennath.

pen-channas

adjective. stupid, idiotic, *(lit.) lack-wit

pen-ind

adjective. insane, heartless, crazy

penestel

noun/adjective. hopelessness, despair, desperation; hopeless, despairing, desperate

@@@ from Discord challenges Feb 2022

pengas

noun. archery

pengron

noun. archer

peng

bow

(i beng, o pheng), pl. ping (i phing)

penia

set

(i benia, i pheniar) (fix).

penia

fix

(i benia, i pheniar) (set);

penna

slant down

(i benna, i phennar)

pennig

noun. coin

penninor

noun. full year (last day of year), *new year’s eve

adanath

noun. men

maeg

adjective. sharp, piercing, piercing, sharp, *penetrating

maeg

adjective. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something

tegil

pen

tegil (i degil, o thegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thegil) (PM:318). Also (at least in ”Noldorin”) tegol (i degol, o thegol), analogical pl. tegyl (i thegyl)

tegil

pen

(i degil, o thegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thegil) (PM:318). Also (at least in ”Noldorin”) tegol (i degol, o thegol), analogical pl. tegyl (i thegyl)

iarwain ben-adar

masculine name. Oldest and Fatherless

Fuller title of Tom Bombadil, loosely translated “oldest and fatherless” (LotR/265). This first word is the name Iarwain, and the second is a combination of the lenited form of the prefix pen “without” and the noun adar “father” (PE17/34).

-ben

suffix. obsolete except in few names

suff. obsolete except in few names. >> pen-

gwîb

noun. penis

perthol

noun. peninsula

maeg

penetrating

maeg (lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (sharp, going deep in). (WJ:337)

maeg

penetrating

(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (sharp, going deep in). (WJ:337)

mirian

penny

(name of a coin) mirian (i virian), pl. miriain (i miriain)

mirian

penny

(i virian), pl. miriain (i miriain)

lant

fall

_(noun) _1) #lant (pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)

lant

fall

(pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)

aeg

sharp

1) aeg (pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn". 2) aig (no distinct pl. form). 3) laeg (keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”. 4) maeg (lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)

cû

bow

1) (noun) cû (i gû, o chû) (arch, crescent), pl. cui (i chui), 2) (bow for shooting) peng (i beng, o pheng), pl. ping (i phing),

gobennas

history

1) gobennas (i **obennas), pl. gebennais (i ngebennais = i ñebennais), collective pl. gobennnassath**. (Archaic pl. *göbennais.) 2) pennas (i bennas, o phennas) (account), pl. pennais (i phennais), coll. pl. pennassath

maeg

sharp

(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)

narn

tale

1) narn (saga; versified tale to be spoken rather than sung), pl. nern**; 2) pent (i bent, o phent) (story), pl. pint (i phint), coll. pl. pennath; 3) trenarn (i drenarn, o threnarn) (account), pl. trenern (i threnern); 4) gwanod (i **wanod) (number), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd).

narn

tale

(saga; versified tale to be spoken rather than sung), pl. *nern***; 2) pent (i** bent, o phent) (story), pl. pint (i** phint), coll. pl. pennath; 3) trenarn (i** drenarn, o threnarn) (account), pl. trenern (i** threnern); 4) gwanod (i ’wanod) (number), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd**).

panas

talam

(i banas, o phanas, pl. penais (i phenais), coll. pl. panassath.

ped

speak

ped- (i **bêd**, i phedir) (say), pa.t. pent (attested in mutated form -phent); the imperative pedo is also attested.: No word simply meaning “spear” is attested, but cf. the following:

ped

speak

(i bêd, i phedir) (say), pa.t. pent (attested in mutated form -phent); the imperative pedo is also attested.

ped

say

ped- (i **bêd**, i phedir) (speak), pa.t. pent (attested in mutated form -phent); the imperative pedo is also attested.

ped

say

(i bêd, i phedir) (speak), pa.t. pent (attested in mutated form -phent); the imperative pedo is also attested.

ped-

verb. to say, speak

pemp

noun. lip

A neologism for “lip” coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo, the Sindarin equivalent of Q. pempë.

-ed

3rd sg

_3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Later -deid_, -deith, -dyn. >> -deid, -deith, -dyn

Dúnadan

noun. Man of the west, Númenórean

adan

noun. man, one of the Second People (elvish name for men)

adanadar

noun. man, one of the Fathers of Men

adlann

adjective. sloping, tilted

adlanna-

verb. to slope, slant

aeg

adjective. sharp, sharp, [N.] pointed, piercing

arnœdiad

adjective. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless

aur

noun. day, sunlight, morning

calan

noun. day, period of actual daylight

Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.

cû

noun. bow, bow; [N.] arch, crescent; [G.] waxing or waning moon

danna

fall

_ v. _fall. Q. lanta-.

danna-

verb. to fall

Written dant- in the Etymologies

dant

noun. fall

drúadan

noun. wild man, one of the Woses

drû

noun. wild man, Wose, Púkel-Man

In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appeared as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word

dîr

noun. man, man, [N.] adult male; agental suffix

A word for “man” as a male person, attested only as an element in compounds or as (archaic?) ndir (PE17/60). This word likely refers to male individuals of all races including Elves, Men, Dwarves and so forth, much like its Quenya cognate Q. nér. This word must have been derived from the primitive subjective form ✶ndēr of the root √N(D)ER “male person”, where the ancient long ē became ī, and the initial cluster nd- became d-, though the ancient cluster would still be reflected in mutated forms, such as in i nîr “the man” rather than ✱✱i dhîr.

Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest precursor to this word is (archaic) G. †drio “hero, warrior” with variants driw, driodweg and driothweg, a cognate of ᴱQ. nēr (GL/22). This Gnomish word was derived from primitive ᴱ✶n’reu̯, where the initial nr- became dr-. At this early stage, the root was unstrengthened ᴱ√NERE (QL/65), as reflected in (archaic) ᴱN. nîr “hero, prince, warrior-elf” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s (PE13/164).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root became ᴹ√DER “adult male, man” of any speaking race and the derived form was N. dîr (Ety/DER). However, in this document Tolkien said:

> EN †dîr surviving chiefly in proper names (as Diriel older Dirghel [GYEL], Haldir, Brandir) and as agental ending (as ceredir “doer, maker”) ... In ordinary use EN has benn [for “man”] (properly = “husband”).

Thus in the scenario described in The Etymologies, dîr “man” was archaic and used only as an element in names or as a suffix. In ordinary speech it was replaced by N. benn, which used to mean “husband” but now meant “man”, while the word for “husband” became N. hervenn (Ety/BES). It is unlikely Tolkien imagined this exact scenario in later Sindarin, however, since the 1930s root for benn was ᴹ√BES “wed”, but by the 1960s the root for husband/wife/marry words had become √BER.

Neo-Sindarin: Since the status of N. benn is questionable given ᴹ√BES >> √BER, many Neo-Sindarin writers prefer to use S. ✱dîr as the Sindarin word for man. I am of the opinion that both dîr and benn are acceptable for “man, male person”. This is because I prefer to retain ᴹ√BES as the root for “marry, wed”, since it is the best basis for attested husband/wife words in (Neo) Sindarin.

edhel

noun. Elf

eledh

noun. Elf

elen

noun. Elf

ell

noun. Elf

ethir

noun. mouth (of a river), estuary

glaer

noun. tale, [N.] long lay, narrative poem, [S.] tale, song

godref

adverb. through together

iant

noun. bridge

iant

noun. bridge

lant

noun. fall

medui

adjective. last

megor

adjective. sharp-pointed

meth

adjective. last, last; [N.] end

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

min

cardinal. one, one, [G.] single

mîn

fraction. one (first of a series)

narn

noun. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung

narn

noun. tale, tale, [N.] saga

negen

sharp

_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negn

negn

sharp

_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negen

oraearon

noun. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day

oranor

noun. second day of the week, day of the Sun

orbelain

noun. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar

orgaladh

noun. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree

This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar

orgaladhad

noun. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees

This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar

orgilion

noun. first day of the week, day of the Stars

orithil

noun. third day of the week, day of the Moon

ormenel

noun. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day

ped-

verb. to speak, to say

ped-

say

_ v. _say. Q. quĕt-. >> pedo

pedo

verb. speak! say!

pinnath

noun. ridges, group of downs

adan

man

(pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.

adlanna

slope

(vb.) *adlanna- (slant) (i adlanna, in adlannar). This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlanna-.

adlanna

slope

(slant) (i adlanna, in adlannar). This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlanna-.

adlanna

slant

(vb.) *adlanna- (slope) (i adlanna, in adlannar). This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlanna-;

adlanna

slant

(slope) (i adlanna, in adlannar). This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlanna-;

adlod

sloping

(adj.) *adlod (tilted), pl. adloen. This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” aclod (VT46:17)

adlod

sloping

(tilted), pl. adloen. This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” aclod (VT46:17) 

aeg

sharp

(pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn".

aig

sharp

(no distinct pl. form).

ambenn

sloping upward

(uphill), pl. embinn

ar

without

(adv. prefix) ar- (outside)

ar

without

(outside)

aronoded

innumerable

aronoded (countless, endless), pl. erenedid (archaic erönödid)

aronoded

innumerable

(countless, endless), pl. erenedid (archaic erönödid)

aur

day

aur (morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

aur

day

(morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

avar

non-eldarin elf

pl. Evair, also called

brona

last

(verb) 1) brona- (survive) (i vrona, i mronar), 2) dartha- (i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, endure) (VT45:8)

brona

last

(survive) (i vrona, i mronar)

bund

nose

(i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (snout, cape [of land]), pl. bynd (i mbynd)

bôr

trusty man

(boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (steadfast man, faithful vassal), pl. *b**ŷr* for older beryn, i meryn (archaic böryn, i möryn). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.

calan

daytime

(i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain)

calben

elf of the great journey

(i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin).

ceber

stone ridge

(i geber, o cheber) (spike, stake), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir.

cuen

small gull

cuen (i guen, o chuen) (petrel), pl. ?cuin (?i chuin) (VT45:24).

cuen

petrel

(i guen, o chuen) (small gull), pl. ?cuin (?i chuin) (VT45:24)

curunír

man of craft

(i gurunír, o churunír) (wizard), no distinct pl. form except with article (i churunír), coll. pl. ?curuníriath.

cû

bow

(i gû, o chû) (arch, crescent), pl. cui (i chui)

dad

downward

;

dadbenn

sloping down

(downhill, inclined, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn.

dadbenn

sloping down

(adj.) dadbenn (downhill, inclined, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn. SLOPING UPWARD (adj.) ambenn (uphill), pl. embinn

dadbenn

downhill, sloping down

(inclined, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn;

danna

fall

(verb) ?danna- (i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.

danna

fall

(i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.

dant

fall, falling

(i dhant) (autumn), pl. daint (i naint), also (and maybe particularly when the meaning is "autumn") dannas (i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais) (PM:135)

dartha

last

(i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, endure) (VT45:8)

dath

steep fall

(i dhath) (hole, pit, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8).

dîr

man

1) (adult male of any speaking race) dîr (dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”. 2) (mortal human as opposed to Elf) Adan (pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.

dîr

man

(dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”.

dúnadan

man of the west

(i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386).

dúnedhel

elf of beleriand

(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*

dû

nightfall

(i dhû) (night, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

edhel

elf

(pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). (WJ:363, 377-78; the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > *Elrim*** may also occur). But since elin** also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

edhelharn

elf-stone

(pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).

edinor

anniversary day

(pl. edinoer). Archaic edinaur. In ”Noldorin”, the word appeared as edinar.

egnas

sharp point

(peak; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassaith.

eilian

rainbow

(pl. eiliain). Archaic elianw (so the coll. pl. may be eilianwath).

eitha

prick with a sharp point

(stab, treat with scorn; insult) (i eitha, in eithar)

elleth

elf-woman

(pl. ellith) (WJ:363-64, 377)

ellon

elf-man

(pl. ellyn)

elvellon

elf-friend

(pl. elvellyn, coll. pl. elvellonnath (WJ:412);

eru

the one

isolated from

firion

mortal man

(pl. firyn).

gar

have

(i ’âr, i ngerir = i ñerir) (hold, possess; be able, can); pa.t. garant. (AI:92, VT45:14)

gobem

noun. mouth

gobennas

history

(i ’obennas), pl. gebennais (i ngebennais = i ñebennais), collective pl. gobennnassath. (Archaic pl. ✱göbennais.)

gwanwel

elf of aman

(”departed” Elf), pl. gwenwil (in gwenwil), coll. pl. gwanwellath. (WJ:378) Also gwanwen; see

gwen

pronoun. us (inclusive)

heria

set vigorously out to do

(i cheria, i cheriar) (have an impulse, be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously) (VT45:22)

iant

bridge

(yoke), pl. iaint, coll. pl. iannath.

ianu

bridge

1) *ianu, analogical pl. ieny.; coll. pl. likely ianwath, given the archaic form ianw (which is the form listed in the Etymologies), 2) iant (yoke), pl. iaint, coll. pl. iannath. SKY-BRIDGE, see RAINBOW

ianu

bridge

analogical pl. ieny.; coll. pl. likely ianwath, given the archaic form ianw (which is the form listed in the Etymologies)

laeg

sharp

(keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”.

laegel

green-elf

pl. laegil; coll. pl. laegrim or laegeldrim (WJ:385). These forms from a late source would seem to supersede the ”N” forms listed in LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK: *Lhoebenidh* or *Lhoebelidh*. The Green-elves of Beleriand were also called Lindel (pl. Lindil), also Lindedhel (pl. Lindedhil)  *(WJ:385)*.

lanthir

waterfall

(no distinct pl. form). Coll. pl. lanthiriath.

lefn

elf left behind

pl. lifn.

maecheneb

sharp-eyed

(lenited vaecheneb; pl. maechenib)

medui

last

(adjective) 1) medui (lenited vedui; no distinct pl. form), 2) meth (lenited veth, pl. mith). Note: the word is also used as a noun ”end”.

medui

last

(lenited vedui; no distinct pl. form)

megor

sharp-pointed

(lenited vegor, analogical pl. megyr); cited in archaic form megr (WJ:337)

meth

last

(lenited veth, pl. mith). Note: the word is also used as a noun ”end”.

min

cardinal. one

1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)

min

one

mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.

miniel

first elf

(i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath. (WJ:383)

mirian

coin

(name of a coin) mirian (i virian), pl. miriain (i miriain)

mirian

coin

(i virian), pl. miriain (i miriain)

mornedhel

dark elf

(i Vornedhel), pl. Mornedhil (i Mornedhil). Conceivably the entire word could be umlauted in the pl.: ?Mernedhil. **(WJ:409) Another term for ”Dark Elf” is Dúredhel (i Dhúredhel), pl. Dúredhil (i Núredhil**).

nara

story

(i nara, in narar).

nass

sharp end

(point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais** **

nem

nose

1) nem (pl. nim; coll. pl. nemmath), 2) bund (i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (snout, cape [of land]), pl. bynd (i mbynd)

nem

nose

(pl. nim; coll. pl. nemmath)

nîf

front

nîf (construct nif) (face). No distinct pl. form.

nîf

front

(construct nif) (face). No distinct pl. form.

or

over

(adjectival prefix) or- (above, high)

or

over

(above, high)

peredhel

half-elf

(pl. peredhil) (PM:256, 348).

pind

slope

(noun) 1) #pind (i bind; construct pin) (declivity), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath (in the name Pinnath Gelin). 2) talad (i dalad, o thalad) (incline), pl. telaid (i thelaid).

pind

declivity

*pind (i bind; construct pin) (slope), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath (in the name Pinnath Gelin).

pind

ridge

pind (i bind, o phind, construct pin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath.

pind

ridge

(i bind, o phind, construct pin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath.

pân

fixed board in a floor

(i bân, o phân, construct pan) (plank), pl. pain (i phain). Not to be confused with the adj. ✱pân ”all”.

rhavan

wild man

(?i thravan or ?i ravan – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhevain (?idh revain) (WJ:219). – The following terms apparently apply to ”men” of any speaking race:

seidia

set aside

(appropriate to special purpose or owner) (i heidia, i seidiar) (VT42:20).  

send

grey-elf

(i hend, o send, construct sen) (probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda), pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form).

talaf

floor

1) talaf (i dalaf, o thalaf) (ground), pl. telaif (i thelaif); coll. pl. talavath. The ”Noldorin” plural form listed in LR:390 s.v.

talaf

floor

(i dalaf, o thalaf) (ground), pl. telaif (i thelaif); coll. pl. talavath. The ”Noldorin” plural form listed in LR:390 s.v.

tamma

knock

tamma- (i damma, i thammar). _The form listed in LR:287 s.v. _ is erroneously cited with ”mn” instead of ”mm”, cf. VT46:17

tamma

knock

(i damma, i thammar). The form listed in LR:287 s.v.

thalion

dauntless man

(hero), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”. 

thar

over

(adverbial prefix) thar- (across, athwart, beyond)

thar

over

(across, athwart, beyond)

till

sharp horn

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds)  (tine, point, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.

till

sharp-pointed peak

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds)  (tine, point, sharp horn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.

torn

down

(noun) *torn (i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”.

torn

down

(i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”. 

tre

through

(adverbial prefix, sometimes = ”completely”) tre-, tri-. For an example of this prefix, see TELL TO END.

tre

through

tri-. For an example of this prefix, see

trî

through

(prep.) trî ;

trî

through

;

êr

one

whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)

ú

without

(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad *”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

ú

without

u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad ✱”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in: