aiqualin

tall

aiqualin ("q")adj. "tall", plural form (???) (MC:216; this is "Qenya" - but cf. aiqua above.)

halda

adjective. tall, tall; [ᴱQ.] wide, broad

halla

tall

halla (1) adj. "tall" (Appendix E, footnote)

halla

adjective. tall

Derivations

• √KHAL “raise; lift up or extend upwards, raise; lift up or extend upwards, [ᴹ√] uplift, erect, lift from ground, (make) stand up” ✧ PE17/184

Element in

• Q. Hallacar “*Tall Helm”
• Q. Hallatan “*Tall Man”
• ᴺQ. orohalla “superior”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√KHAL > halda	[kʰalda] > [xalda] > [halda]	✧ PE17/184

Variations

• halda ✧ PE17/184

tunda

tall

tunda adj. "tall" (TUN)

halda

adjective. high, tall

tá

high

tá 2) adj. "high" (LT1:264; there spelt tâ. This is hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya, but cf. tára "lofty".)

tar-

affix. high, high; [ᴹQ.] king or queen (in compounds)

Cognates

• S. -dor “*king, lord”

Derivations

• √TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble”

Element in

• Q. Alatar
• Q. Annatar “Lord of Gifts” ✧ SA/tar
• Q. Arantar “*High King”
• Q. Tar Calimos “*Royal Bright City”
• Q. Hyarantar “?Southern Height”
• Q. Sorontar “King of Eagles”
• Q. Taniquetil “High White Peak”
• Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ SA/tar
• Q. Tarannon
• Q. Tarcil “High Man, Númenórean”
• Q. Tarciryan
• Q. Tareldar “High-elves”
• Q. tarhanwa “throne, (lit.) high seat” ✧ PE22/148
• Q. tári “queen, queen, [ᴱQ.] mistress, lady” ✧ SA/tar
• Q. Tarindor “*High minded one”
• Q. tarma “pillar” ✧ SA/tar
• Q. Tarmenel “High Heaven”
• Q. tarminas “great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower”
• ᴺQ. tarolwen “sceptre, (lit.) royal branch”
• Q. Tarondor “?King of Stones”
• Q. Tarostar “?King of the Lands”
• Q. Tarquesta “High Speech, High Language”
• Q. Tarumbar “King of the World”
• S. Tarmund “Noble Bull”

Variations

• tar- ✧ PE22/148; SA/tar

arata

high, lofty, noble

arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)

tána

high, lofty, noble

tána (meaning unclear, probably adj. "high, lofty, noble") (TĀ/TA3). Compare tára.

tára

lofty

tára (1) adj. "lofty". (SA:tar, LT1:264, TĀ/TA3 (AYAK, TÁWAR), VT45:6), "tall, high" (WJ:417). Compare antara. Adverb táro in an early "Qenya" text (VT27:20, 26). The adj. tára is not to be confused with the continuative form of the verb #tar- "stand".

tára

adjective. lofty, tall, high

Changes

• tāra → tāra “tall” ✧ PE17/186

Cognates

• S. taer “lofty, lofty, *high” ✧ PE17/186; PE17/186

Derivations

• √TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186
• √TAR “stand” ✧ PE17/186; WJ/417
• ✶tagra ✧ PE17/186
  • √TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186

Element in

• ᴺQ. táranar “noon, (lit.) high-sun”
• ᴺQ. tararan “emperor, (lit.) high-king”
• Q. taras “a great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower, great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower; [ᴹQ.] mount, hill”
• Q. tárië “height”
• Q. Tárion “alternate name of the last day of the Eldarin six-day week”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√TAG/Tā- > tāra	[tagra] > [taɣra] > [tāra]	✧ PE17/186
√TĂR > tāra	[tāra]	✧ PE17/186
✶tagra > tāra	[tagra] > [taɣra] > [tāra]	✧ PE17/186
√TAR > tára	[tāra]	✧ WJ/417

Variations

• tāra ✧ PE17/186; PE17/186; PE17/186
• tára ✧ SA/tar; WJ/417

oronta

steep

oronta adj. "steep" (LT1:256)

orna

tall, high, lofty

orna adj. (2) "tall, high, lofty" (PE17:112, 186), also orwa

orwa

tall, high, lofty

orwa adj. (2) "tall, high, lofty" (PE17:112, 186), also orna

Ara-

noble

Ara-, ar- a prefixed form of the stem Ara- "noble" (PM:344). In the masc. names Aracáno "high chieftain", mothername (amilessë, q.v.) of Fingolfin (PM:360, cf. 344), Arafinwë "Finarfin" (MR:230)

lún

deep

lún adj.??? a word of obscure meaning, perhaps "deep" as used of water (VT48:28)

#turco

chief

#turco (1) noun "chief" (isolated from Turcomund "chief bull", Letters:423). Turco, masc. name, see Turcafinwë.

aiqua

steep

aiqua("q")adj. "steep" (AYAK). Not to be confused with the pronoun *aiqua "if anything, whatever" that post-Tolkien writers have extrapolated from aiquen (q.v.) on the basis of such pairs as ilquen vs. ilqua (q.v.)

arato

noble

arato noun "a noble" (PE17:147), in PE17:118 given as aratō and there glossed "lord" (often = "king"). Cf. aráto. The form cited in the latter source, aratō with a long final vowel, is evidently very archaic (compare Enderō under Ender); later the vowel would become short. (PE17:118)

arquen

noble

arquen noun "a noble" (WJ:372), "knight" (PE17:147)

héra

chief, principal

héra adj. "chief, principal" (KHER)

núra

deep

núra adj. "deep" (NŪ)

turco

noun. chief

Derivations

• √TUR “dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power, dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power; [ᴹ√] victory; [ᴱ√] am strong”

Element in

• S. Turcomund “Chief of Bulls” ✧ Let/423

Variations

• Turco ✧ Let/423 (Turco)

Ambarónë

uprising, sunrise, orient

Ambarónë noun "uprising, sunrise, Orient" (AM2)

orró-

uprising, sunrise, east

orró-, hró- "uprising, sunrise, east" (PE17:18), element underlying words like the following, and also hróna (q.v.)

Ingwë

chief

Ingwë masc. name, "chief", name of the "prince of Elves" _(PM:340, ING, WEG, VT45:18). Pl. Ingwer "Chieftains", what the Vanyar called themselves (so in PM:340, but in PM:332 the plural has the more regular form Ingwi). Ingwë Ingweron "chief of the chieftains", proper title of Ingwë as high king (PM:340)_. In the Etymologies, Ingwë is also said to be the name of a symbol used in writing: a short carrier with an i-tehta above it, denoting short i (VT45:18).

ingwë

masculine name. Chief

Lord of the first tribe of the Elves and the high king of Elvenkind (S/52, 62). His name is ancient and its original meaning is unclear, but it is sometimes translated as “Chief”, and is interpreted as a combination of the root √ING “first, foremost” and the suffix -wë common in ancient names (PM/340).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this character was first named ᴱQ. Ing, but this was soon changed to ᴱQ. Inwe (LT1/22). The form become ᴹQ. Ingwe in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/13, LR/214), and the derivation for Ingwë discussed above had already emerged in The Etymologies (Ety/ING, WEG).

Element in

• Q. Ingwë Ingweron “Chief of the Chieftains” ✧ PM/340
• Q. Ingwemar “*Ingwë Home”
• Q. Ingwi “People of Ingwë, Chieftains”
• Q. Ingwion “Son of Ingwë”

Elements

Word	Gloss
ING	“highest, top, highest, top; [ᴹ√] first, foremost”
-wë	“ancient name suffix (usually but not always masculine)”

orohalla

adjective. superior

Cognates

• On. orkhalla “superior”

Elements

Word	Gloss
halla	“tall”

arata

high, lofty, noble

arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)

arod

adjective. tall

_ adj. _tall, eminent. Q. aratā.

orchal

adjective. tall, tall; [N.] superior, eminent, lofty

Element in

• S. Orchaldor “*Tall Lord”

Elements

Word	Gloss
or	“above, above; [G.] onto, on top, on”
hall	“exalted, high”

Variations

• Orchal ✧ WJ/305; WJI/Galdor; WJI/Orchal

orchal

adjective. tall

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

raud

tall

adj. tall, high, lofty, eminent, noble. Q. arta (< áratā). >> Nimrodel, rodel

taer

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. tāra.

taer

adjective. lofty, lofty, *high

Cognates

• Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186; PE17/186

Derivations

• √TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186
• ✶tagra ✧ PE17/186
  • √TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186

Element in

• S. Targon

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶tagra > taer	[taɣra] > [tagra] > [taɣra] > [taira] > [tair] > [taer]	✧ PE17/186

orchal

adjective. superior, lofty, eminent

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

arphen

noun. a noble

maer

adjective. excellent

_ adj. _excellent. Q. maira admirable, excellent, precious. >> maer-, maeron

raud

excellent

_ adj. _excellent, noble, eminent.

ar-

prefix. high, noble, royal

Ara-

prefix. high, noble, royal

arod

adjective. noble

arod

noble

1b _adj._noble. >> raud

arod

adjective. noble

adj. #noble.

arod

adjective. noble

d adj. noble. Q. arata. >> raud

arod

adjective. noble

Cognates

• Q. arata “high, noble, exalted, lofty” ✧ PE17/049; PE17/186
• T. aráta “noble” ✧ PM/363

Derivations

• ✶arātā “high, lofty, noble” ✧ PE17/039; PE17/186; PM/363; VT41/09
  • √RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118; PM/363
  • √RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186
• ✶rāta “lofty, high, noble” ✧ PE17/049
  • √RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118
  • √RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186
• √ARAT “good, excellent, noble” ✧ PE17/147

Element in

• S. Arodreth “Noble Endurance” ✧ PE17/182
• S. Arothir “Noble Lord”
• S. Finrod ✧ VT41/09
• S. Thinrod “noble member of the Thindrim” ✧ VT41/09

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶arātā > arod	[arātā] > [arāta] > [arǭta] > [arauta] > [araut] > [araud] > [arod]	✧ PM/363

arth

adjective. (unknown meaning, perhaps (?) noble, lofty, exalted)

raud

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. rāta. >> arod, taer

raud

adjective. noble, eminent; lofty, high, tall; excellent

Cognates

• Q. arata “high, noble, exalted, lofty” ✧ PE17/049; PE17/118; PE17/147

Derivations

• ✶rāta “lofty, high, noble” ✧ PE17/049; PE17/118; PE17/186
  • √RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118
  • √RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186
• √ARAT “good, excellent, noble” ✧ PE17/147

Element in

• S. Amrod “*High and Lofty”
• S. Angrod “*Iron Champion”
• S. Rodwen “High Virgin Noble”
• S. Finrod ✧ PE17/049
• S. rodel “lady, high lady” ✧ PE17/049
• S. Rodnor
• S. Rodon “Vala” ✧ PE17/118; PE17/186

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶(a)rātā > raud	[rātā] > [rāta] > [rǭta] > [rauta] > [raut] > [raud]	✧ PE17/049
✶(a)rā́tā > raud	[rātā] > [rāta] > [rǭta] > [rauta] > [raut] > [raud]	✧ PE17/118
✶rāta > raud	[rāta] > [rǭta] > [rauta] > [raut] > [raud]	✧ PE17/186

Variations

• raud ✧ PE17/049; PE17/118; PE17/147; PE17/186

or

high

(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

or

high

(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

brand

tall

(lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind.

hall

tall

(exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.

orn

tall

(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”tree”.

raud

tall

(eminent, noble), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”.

taur

tall

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

tond

tall

1) tond (lenited dond; pl. tynd), 2) †orn (pl. yrn). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”tree”.

tond

adjective. tall

tond

tall

(lenited dond; pl. tynd)

orchall

lofty

(superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

orchall

superior

orchall (lofty, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

orchall

superior

(lofty, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

taur

lofty

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

telu

high roof

(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).

angol

deep lore

(magic), pl. engyl. Note: a homophone means "stench".

falch

deep cleft

(ravine[?]), pl. felch;

imlad

deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides

(glen), pl. imlaid;

tûm

deep valley

tum- (i** dûm, o thûm, construct tum), pl. t**uim (i** thuim**)

ar

noble

(adjectival prefix) ar- (high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

ar

noble

(high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

im

deep vale

(dell), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite). The word typically occurs, not by itself, but in compounds like imlad, imloth, imrath, imrad (VT45:18, VT47:19)

arn

noble

(adjective) 1) arn (royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic *araud), pl. aroed. 2) brand (high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind; 3) raud (eminent, high), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

arn

noble

(royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic ✱araud), pl. aroed.

arth

lofty

1) arth (noble, exalted), pl. erth, 2) brand (high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 3) orchall (superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

arth

lofty

(noble, exalted), pl. erth

maeg

going deep in

(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (sharp, penetrating). (WJ:337);

main

chief

(adj.) main (lenited vain; pl. mîn) (prime, prominent) (VT45:15)

main

chief

(lenited vain; pl. mîn) (prime, prominent) (VT45:15)

raud

noble

(eminent, high), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed.  4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

tofn

deep

tofn (lenited dofn; pl. tyfn) (low, low-lying), also nûr (pl. nuir). Note: homophones of the latter mean ”sad” and ”race”.

tofn

deep

(lenited dofn; pl. tyfn) (low, low-lying), also nûr (pl. nuir). Note: homophones of the latter mean ”sad” and ”race”.

arphen

noble

(noun, "a noble") 1) arphen, pl. erphin; 2) raud (eminent man, champion), pl.roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.

arphen

noble

pl. erphin

arwen

noble woman

(pl. erwin).****

baradh

steep

baradh (pl. beraidh, lenited varadh).

baradh

steep

(pl. beraidh, lenited varadh).

brand

lofty

(high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

brand

noble

(high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

amrûn

uprising

(noun) amrûn (sunrise, orient, east), pl. emrŷn

amrûn

uprising

(sunrise, orient, east), pl. emrŷn

andrath

high pass

(literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.

gondrath

highway

(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.

duinen

high tide

(i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).

aráta

adjective. noble

Cognates

• S. arod “noble” ✧ PM/363

Derivations

• ✶arātā “high, lofty, noble” ✧ PM/363
  • √RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118; PM/363
  • √RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186

Element in

• T. aráto “*noble”

Variations

• arāta ✧ PM/363

aikwā

adjective. steep, tall

Derivations

• ᴹ√AYAK “sharp, pointed”

tāra

adjective. high

Derivations

• √TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble”

Element in

• ✶tār(a)-ninqui-tilte “High White Peak” ✧ PE17/186
• ✶tārī “queen, (lit.) she that is high” ✧ PE17/067

Variations

• tār(a) ✧ PE17/186

ornā

adjective. uprising, tall

Derivations

• √RŌ/ORO “up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount, up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount; [ᴹ√] high, [ᴱ√] steepness, rising” ✧ PE17/112

Derivatives

• Q. orwa “high, lofty”

Element in

• ✶Kelec-orna “Swift-tall” ✧ PE17/112
• Q. Telporno “*Silver Tall”
• S. Celeborn “Silver-tree; Silver Tall” ✧ NM/350; UT/266
• north S. Celegorm “Hasty-riser” ✧ PE17/113
• T. Teleporno “Silver-tall; Silver-tree” ✧ UT/266

Variations

• -orna ✧ PE17/113

tā/taʒ

root. high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble

This root and ones like it were used for “high” things for much of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as unglossed ᴱ√TAHA in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. tā “high; high above, high up”, ᴱQ. tahōra or tayóra “lofty”, and ᴱQ. tāri “queen”; it had a variant form ᴱ√TAʕA where the ʕ might be a malformed Y (QL/87). The corresponding forms in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon were G. dâ “high” and G. dara “lofty” (GL/29), indicating the true form of the root was ᴱ√DAHA, since initial voiced stops were unvoiced (d- > t-) in Early Qenya (PE12/17). Primitive forms like ᴱ✶dagá > ᴱN. dâ/ᴱQ. tá “high” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s indicates the root continued to begin with D for the following decade (PE13/141, 161).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave this root as ᴹ√TĀ/TAƷ “high, lofty; noble” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tára “lofty, high”, ᴹQ. tári “queen” and N. taen “height, summit of high mountain” (Ety/TĀ). In Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 Tolkien gave the root as √TAG or Tā- “high”, and in notes from around 1967 Tolkien gave √TAƷ as the explanation of the initial element of Q. Taniquetil and contrasted it with √TĂR “stand” (PE17/186). In 1970 green-ink revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2), Tolkien wrote a marginal note giving √TAƷ > TĀ “high”, but this note was rejected with a statement “transfer to Gen. Structure. No [ʒ] existed in Eldarin” (PE19/72-73 note #22).

This last rejection seems to be part of Tolkien’s general vacillation on the nature and phonetic evolution of velar spirants in Primitive Elvish in 1968-70. For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume the root form was √TAH or √TAƷ > √TĀ as the basis for “high” words, much like √MAH or √MAƷ > ✶mā was the basis for “hand” words.

Derivatives

• ✶tagra ✧ PE17/186
  • Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186
  • S. taer “lofty, lofty, *high” ✧ PE17/186
• ✶tāra “high”
• Q. -tar “honorific”
• Q. tar “honorific, sir, madam”
• Q. tar- “high, high; [ᴹQ.] king or queen (in compounds)”
• Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186
• S. taer “lofty, lofty, *high” ✧ PE17/186

Variations

• TAG/Tā- ✧ PE17/186
• TAƷ ✧ PE17/186; PE17/186; PE19/073 (TAƷ)
• TĀ ✧ PE19/073 (TĀ)

orchal

adjective. tall

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

orchall

adjective. tall

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

orchel

adjective. tall

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

tond

adjective. tall

tonn

adjective. tall

tonn

adjective. tall

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tunda “tall” ✧ Ety/TUN

Derivations

• ᴹ✶tundā “tall” ✧ Ety/TUN
  • ᴹ√TUN “*tall; mound” ✧ Ety/TUN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶tundā > tond > tonn	[tundā] > [tunda] > [tonda] > [tond] > [tonn]	✧ Ety/TUN

orchall

adjective. superior, lofty, eminent

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

orchal

adjective. superior, lofty, eminent

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

baradh

adjective. steep

baradh

adjective. steep

Derivations

• On. barada “steep” ✧ Ety/BARÁD
  • ᴹ✶Baradā “lofty, sublime” ✧ Ety/BARÁD
  • ᴹ√BARAD “*lofty, noble” ✧ Ety/BARÁD; Ety/BARATH
    • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. barada > baradh	[barada] > [baraða] > [barað]	✧ Ety/BARÁD

brand

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

brand

adjective. high (in size)

brann

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

brann

adjective. high (in size)

orchel

adjective. superior, lofty, eminent

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

nûr

adjective. deep

nûr

adjective. deep

Cognates

• ᴹQ. núra “deep” ✧ Ety/NU

Derivations

• ᴹ✶nūrā “deep” ✧ Ety/NU
  • ᴹ√NUR “deep” ✧ Ety/NU
  • ᴹ√NU/UNU “*down, under” ✧ Ety/NU

Element in

• N. Núron “Ulmo” ✧ Ety/NU

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶nūrā > nûr	[nūrā] > [nūra] > [nūr]	✧ Ety/NU

Variations

• nûr ✧ Ety/NU