illi

all

illi noun "all" (as independent noun, apparently treated as a plural form). Imb' illi "among all" (VT47:30)

illi

noun. all

Element in

• Q. A ancalima imb’ illi “A is brightest of all” ✧ PE17/091

ilya

all

ilya adj. and noun "all" (LR:47, 56; SD:310), "all, the whole" (IL); "each, every, all of a particular group of things" (VT39:20); ilyë before a plural noun, "all" being inflected like an adjective (Nam, RGEO:67): ilyë tier "all paths" (Namárië, VT39:20), ilyë mahalmar "all thrones" (CO), ilya raxellor "from all dangers" (VT44:9; we might expect *ilyë raxellor here), ilyárëa (older ilyázëa) "daily, of every day" (evidently ilya "every" + árë, ázë "day" + -a adjectival ending) (VT43:18). Tolkien apparently abandoned ilyárëa in favour of ilaurëa, q.v.

ilyë

adjective. all

palla

wide, expansive

palla adj. "wide, expansive" (PAL)

quanta

full

quanta (1) ("q") adj. "full" (KWAT, Narqelion, VT39:8, VT43:28), "filled, full" (PE17:68); the gloss "filled" would suggest that quanta can be regarded as a passive participle of quat- (q.v.) In these phrases: quanta sarmë "full writing", writing with separate letters for vowels (VT39:8); #quanta tengwë "full sign" (only pl. quantë tengwi is attested), in early Elvish analysis of Quenya the term for a consonant + a vowel (then analyzed as a kind of unitary phoneme rather than two phonemes); hence a stem like mata- "eat" was analyzed as two quantë tengwi, namely ma + ta. (VT39:5)

palda

adjective. wide, broad, wide, broad, *expansive

Derivations

• ✶palnā “wide, broad” ✧ VT47/08
  • √PAL “wide, broad, extended, wide, broad, extended; [ᴹ√] wide (open); [ᴱ√] flatness” ✧ VT47/08

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶palnā > palda	[palnā] > [paldā] > [palda]	✧ VT47/08

il-

prefix. every, *all

Cognates

• S. il “*all”

Derivations

• √IL “all”

Element in

• Q. ilaurëa “*daily”
• ᴺQ. ilinomë “everywhere”
• ᴺQ. illangiéla “nevertheless, (lit.) all-having-been-bypassed”
• ᴺQ. illië “public”
• ᴺQ. illöa(va) “annual, yearly, per annum (year as item)”
• Q. illumë “*always”
• Q. ilquen “everybody, everybody, *everyone” ✧ WJ/372
• Q. Ilquendatar “Father of All Quendi”
• ᴺQ. iltana- “to prove, demonstrate”
• Q. ilvan(y)a “perfect”

a-

complete

a- (1) prefix occurring in the word Atalante, said to denote "complete". Probably just a prefixed stemvowel; cf. a root like ANÁR, said to be derived from NAR. (TALÁT)

la

no, not

la negation "no, not" (see lá); also prefix la- as in lacarë, q.v. (VT45:25)

Ilu

(the) world

Ilu noun "(the) world" (FS, LR:47, 56), "universe" (IL); ilu "everything, all, the whole" (of the universe also including God and all souls and spirits, which are not properly included in the term Eä; see VT39:20, also referenced in VT49:36)

il-

verb. no, *un-

il- (prefix) "no, *un-" (LA); cf. ilfirin "immortal" (vs. firin "dead"). This prefix "denotes the opposite, the reversal, i.e. more than the mere negation" (VT42:32). But il- can also mean "all, every"; see ilaurëa, ilqua, ilquen.

ilu

noun. everything, all, the whole, everything, all, the whole; [ᴹQ.] universe, world; [ᴱQ.] ether

A term for everything that is, thus referring to the entire universe and everything in existence, which Tolkien clarified as being:

> ... more than ëa, which is all “nature”, but was not held to include [souls?] and spirits. ilu includes God, all souls and spirits as well as ëa (VT39/20 note #20).

It is derived from the root √IL “all”.

Conceptual Development: The first mention of the term ᴱQ. ilu was in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where it was glossed “ether, the slender airs among the stars”, and serving as an element in the ᴱQ. Ilúvatar (QL/42), in this document translated as “Heavenly Father” rather than “All-father” as it was later. Thus the early conception of ᴱQ. ilu seems closer to “sky” or “heaven” than “universe”. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹQ. ilu was glossed “universe” beside variant ᴹQ. ilúve and given as a derivative of ᴹ√IL “all” (Ety/IL). The word ilu was glossed “world” in various iterations of the ᴹQ. Lament of Atalante in the 1930s and 40s (LR/047; LR/56), though in the 1940s versions it was replaced by {eru >>} ᴹQ. Arda (SD/310). In a 1968 addendum to the Quendi and Eldar its meaning was restricted to “everything, all, the whole” referring to the entirety of existence including God and the divine realm, as indicated by the quote above (VT39/20 note #20).

Derivations

• ✶ilū “all, everything, the whole” ✧ VT39/20
  • √IL “all”

Element in

• ᴺQ. iluasta “omnipresence”
• Q. ilucara “omnificent” ✧ VT39/20
• Q. iluisa “omniscient” ✧ VT39/20
• Q. ilúvala “omnipotent” ✧ VT39/20
• Q. ilúvë “the whole, the all, allness, the whole, the all, allness; [ᴹQ.] universe, world; Heaven”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ilū- > ilu	[ilū] > [ilu]	✧ VT39/20

lá

no, not

lá (1) adv. "no, not" (LA, VT45:25) According to VT42:33, lá is the stressed form, alternating with la when the negation is unstressed. In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, lá had the opposite meaning "yes" (VT42:32-33), but this idea is contradicted by both earlier and later material: usually lá is conceived as a negation. The negation can receive tense markers and be used as a negative verb "when [another] verb is not expressed" (VT49:13), apparently where the phrase "is not" is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood, as in English "I do not" (i.e. "I do not do whatever the context indicates"). With pronominal endings la- in the aorist, e.g. lanyë "I do not, am not" (etc.) (Tolkien abandoned the form lamin.) Exemplified in the sentence melin sé apa lanyë hé *"I love him but I do not [love] him" (another person) (VT49:15). Present tense laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva.

ilqua

ilqa

ilqua ("ilqa")noun "everything" (IL, VT45:24), "all" (FS); ilquainen ("ilqainen") a word occurring in Fíriel's Song, translated "to all". It would appear to be ilqua "all" with a dative pl. ending. However, in Tolkien's later Quenya -inen is the ending for instrumental pl. (FS)

quanta

adjective. full, filled, full, filled; [ᴱQ.] whole, all

Derivations

• √KWAT “fill; full” ✧ PE17/068
  • √KWA “complete, full, whole, all, every, complete, full, whole, all, every; [ᴹ√] something” ✧ WJ/392

Element in

• Q. Aia María quanta Eruanno “Hail Mary, full of grace” ✧ VT43/28
• ᴺQ. immoquanta “full of him/herself, egotistic, narcissistic”
• Q. penquanta “full to the brim, with mouth full”
• ᴺQ. quantassë “fullness”
• Q. quantemma “facsimile, *(lit.) full-picture” ✧ PE17/179
• Q. quantolië “maturity”
• Q. sínen i·anda nyarnë metta ar taina andaurenya na quanta “*with this the long tale ends and my extended long day is complete” ✧ Minor-Doc/1955-CT

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√QUAT > quanta	[kwanta]	✧ PE17/068

landa

wide

landa (2) adj. "wide" (LAD). Maybe in landatavárë = *"wide-wood"? (TI:415)

máca

each, every

máca pron. "each, every" (GL:41); rather ilya in Tolkien's later Quenya

yanda

wide

yanda adj. "wide" (PE17:115); variant of yána #1, q.v.

yanda

adjective. wide

Cognates

• S. iand “wide” ✧ PE17/115

yonda

wide, roomy, extensive

yonda adj."wide, roomy, extensive" (PE17:43), also (as alternative form of yonna) glossed "enclosed", with the latter meaning perhaps intended as the passive participle of the verb yor-

ui

no

ui interjection "no" (originally an endingless negative verb in the 3rd person aorist: "it is not [so]"; see #u-). Apparently this is the word for "no" used to deny that something is true (compare vá, which is rather used to reject orders, or to issue negative orders). (VT49:28) Compare uito.

qua(na)

all, complete, entire, full, the whole

@@@ from Discord 2022-03-11

Cognates

• S. pân “all, all, *complete, entire, full, the whole”

Derivations

• √KWA “complete, full, whole, all, every, complete, full, whole, all, every; [ᴹ√] something”

il

adjective. *all

Cognates

• Q. il- “every, *all”

Derivations

• √IL “all”

Element in

• S. ilaurui “*daily” ✧ VT44/28
• ᴺS. ilhad “everywhere”
• ᴺS. ilnad “everything”
• ᴺS. ilphen “everyone”
• S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/22

Variations

• il- ✧ VT44/28 (il-)

pân

adjective. all, all, *complete, entire, full, the whole

@@@ extended meaning suggested on Discord 2022-03-11

Cognates

• ᴺQ. qua(na) “all, complete, entire, full, the whole”

Derivations

• √KWA “complete, full, whole, all, every, complete, full, whole, all, every; [ᴹ√] something”

Element in

• S. ar e aníra ennas suilannad mhellyn în phain “and he desires to greet there all his friends” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129

pant

adjective. full

pant

adjective. full, full; [G.] (with article) the whole, all the

Derivations

• √KWAT “fill; full”
  • √KWA “complete, full, whole, all, every, complete, full, whole, all, every; [ᴹ√] something” ✧ WJ/392

Element in

• S. Araphant
• S. iphant “*aged, [N.] aged, having lived long, (lit.) year-full”
• ᴺS. nabant “almost, (lit.) towards full”
• S. Panthael “Fullwise” ✧ SD/126
• ᴺS. penninor “full year (last day of year), *new year’s eve”

baw

interjection. no, don't!

pân

adjective. all, in totality

As no other word beginning in ph- is attested, it is assumed that a nasal mutation is triggered by the pronoun în.1 , hence the form observed in the "King's Letter"

iand

adjective. wide

Cognates

• Q. yanda “wide” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

• √YAN “wide, extensive, large, vast, huge; extend” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

• S. -ian(d) “-land, country” ✧ PE17/115

land

adjective. wide, broad

land

adjective. wide, broad, wide, broad; [N.] open space, level

Cognates

• ᴹQ. landa “wide, wide, [ᴱQ.] broad”

Derivations

• √LAD “bottom, ground, [ᴹ√] lie flat, be flat; [√] bottom, ground”

Element in

• S. Landroval “Broad Winged”
• S. Lothlann “Wide and Empty” ✧ S/123
• S. úlan(n) “narrow, (lit.) not broad” ✧ PE17/144

Variations

• lann ✧ S/123 (lann)

lann

adjective. wide, broad

ú

prefix. no, not (negative prefix or particle)

gú

no, not

also ú

û

interjection. no

adv. or interj. no, not (of fact).

ûr

wide

(pl. uir). Notice the homophone ûr ”fire, heat”.

pân

all

(adj.) *pân, pl. pain (only attested in mutated pl. form phain, SD:128-31). Not to be confused with the noun pân ”plank”.

pân

all

pl. pain (only attested in mutated pl. form phain, SD:128-31). Not to be confused with the noun pân ”plank”.

pant

full

pant (lenited bant; pl. paint) (complete, whole)

pant

full

(lenited bant; pl. paint) (complete, whole)

illad

noun. everything

Element in

• ᴺS. illadui “general”

Elements

Word	Gloss
IL	“all”
nad	“thing”

palan

over a wide area

(far off)

baw!

no

! (interjection expressing refusal or prohibition, not denying facts) baw! (dont!) Prefix

baw!

no

(don’t!) Prefix

land

wide

(plain), pl. laind. Also used as noun ”open space, level”.

pann

wide

(i bann, o phann, construct pan), pl. pain (i phain). Since the pl. form clashes with ✱pain ”all” (mutated phain, SD:129), other terms may be preferred for clarity.

pant

complete

pant (lenited bant; pl. paint) (full, whole); COMPLETELY, see

pant

complete

(lenited bant; pl. paint) (full, whole);

pant

whole

pant (lenited bant; pl. paint) (complete, full)

pant

whole

(lenited bant; pl. paint) (complete, full)

ilnad

pronoun. everything

Elements

Word	Gloss
il	“*all”
nad	“thing”

laden

wide

1) laden (plain, flat, open, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT), 2) land (plain), pl. laind. Also used as noun ”open space, level”. 3) pann (i bann, o phann, construct pan), pl. pain (i phain). Since the pl. form clashes with *pain ”all” (mutated phain, SD:129), other terms may be preferred for clarity. 4) ûr (pl. uir). Notice the homophone ûr ”fire, heat”.

laden

wide

(plain, flat,  open, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)

nuitha

prevent from coming to completion

(i nuitha, in nuithar) (stunt; stop short; not allow to continue) (WJ:413)

-ûk

suffix. the whole, all

katha

adjective. all

A word translated “all” in the Lament of Akallabêth (SD/288, VT24/12). This word appeared in the form kâtha in the final typescript version of the Lament (SD/247), but in all other instances appeared as katha. If the final typescript is later than the final manuscript, kâtha may be its final form, but I believe that the manuscript was later, and katha better matches its appearance as an element in kathuphazgân “conqueror” (SD/429). This last example is interesting in that it is an example of an adjective declined into the objective case.

Element in

• Ad. îdô katha batîna lôkhî “now all ways (are) bent” ✧ SD/247
• Ad. īdō kathī batānī rōkhī-nam “lo! now all ways bent-are” ✧ SD/312
• Ad. kathuphazgân “conqueror” ✧ SD/429

il

root. all

A root meaning “all” in Tolkien’s writings from the 1930s through 1960s (VT48/25) with derivatives in both Quenya and Sindarin, the most notable being Q. Ilúvatar “All-father” (MR/39). Its earliest precursor is the root ᴱ√ILU “ether, the slender airs among the stars” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, whose derivatives include various sky-words as well as ᴱQ. Ilúvatar, since in this early period the name meant “Heavenly Father” (QL/42). The meaning of the root shifted to ᴹ√IL “all” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/IL), and it retained this sense thereafter.

Derivatives

• ✶ilū “all, everything, the whole”
  • Q. ilu “everything, all, the whole, everything, all, the whole; [ᴹQ.] universe, world; [ᴱQ.] ether” ✧ VT39/20
  • ᴺS. ilu “universe, the whole, cosmos”
• Q. il- “every, *all”
• Q. ilya “every, each, all (of a particular group of things), every, each, all (of a particular group of things), [ᴹQ.] the whole”
• S. il “*all”

Element in

• Q. Ilion
• Q. Ilwen
• ᴺS. illad “everything”

palnā

adjective. wide, broad

Derivations

• √PAL “wide, broad, extended, wide, broad, extended; [ᴹ√] wide (open); [ᴱ√] flatness” ✧ VT47/08

Derivatives

• Q. palda “wide, broad, wide, broad, *expansive” ✧ VT47/08

ilū

noun. all, everything, the whole

Derivations

• √IL “all”

Derivatives

• Q. ilu “everything, all, the whole, everything, all, the whole; [ᴹQ.] universe, world; [ᴱQ.] ether” ✧ VT39/20
• ᴺS. ilu “universe, the whole, cosmos”

Variations

• ilū- ✧ VT39/20

kwa

root. complete, full, whole, all, every, complete, full, whole, all, every; [ᴹ√] something

A root, frequently but not universally suffixal, indicating completion or fullness. The first appearance of this root was ᴹ√KWA “something” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, serving as the basis for ᴹQ. il-qa “everything, ✱all-thing” (EtyAC/KWA). √KWA reappeared in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 glossed “completion” (WJ/392) or “full” (WJ/412), with extended form √KWAN and the verbal variant √KWAT “fill”. It appeared again in various notes from the late 1960s on numbering systems, glossed “full, complete, all, every” (VT42/24), “whole, complete, all” (VT47/7), or “complete, full, all, the whole” (VT47/17). In these notes it was connected to Tolkien’s latest word for “ten” from this period: ✶kwayam > Q. quean or S. pae. Since the root √IL was usually used for “all”, I think it is more accurate to attribute the sense “complete(ness)” or “full(ness)” to √KWA.

Derivatives

• ✶akwā “fully, completely, altogether, wholly” ✧ WJ/415
  • Q. aqua “fully, completely, altogether, wholly” ✧ WJ/392
• ✶-ikwā “-ful, adjectival suffix” ✧ WJ/412; WJ/415
  • Q. -inqua “-ful, complete” ✧ WJ/412
  • S. -eb “adjective suffix” ✧ WJ/412
• ✶-kwā “-ful”
• √KWAT “fill; full” ✧ WJ/392
  • Q. quanta “full, filled, full, filled; [ᴱQ.] whole, all” ✧ PE17/068
  • Q. quanta- “to fill, to fill [something], (lit.) make full; [ᴱQ.] to complete, fulfill” ✧ PE17/068
  • Q. quat- “to fill, to fill, *be filled” ✧ WJ/392
  • S. pant “full, full; [G.] (with article) the whole, all the”
• ᴺQ. qua(na) “all, complete, entire, full, the whole”
• S. pân “all, all, *complete, entire, full, the whole”

Element in

• √KWAT “fill; full” ✧ WJ/412
• √KWAY “ten” ✧ VT42/24
• ✶makwā “a hand-full, complete hand with all five fingers” ✧ VT47/07
• ᴺQ. qualöa(va) “annual, yearly, perennial (year as whole)”
• ᴺQ. qualussë “perfect tense, (lit.) full tense”

Variations

• kwā ✧ VT47/07; WJ/415
• kwā̆ ✧ VT47/17
• KWAN ✧ WJ/392
• kwa ✧ WJ/412

yad

root. wide

al-

prefix. no, not

pant

adjective. full

pant

adjective. full

Cognates

• ᴹQ. qanta “full” ✧ Ety/KWAT

Derivations

• On. panta “full” ✧ Ety/KWAT
  • ᴹ√KWAT “*fill; full” ✧ Ety/KWAT

Element in

• N. Cambant “Full Hand” ✧ Ety/KWAT
• N. ifant “aged, having lived long, (lit.) year-full” ✧ Ety/YEN
• N. penninar “full year (last day of year)”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. panta > pant	[panta] > [pantʰa] > [panθa] > [panθ] > [pant]	✧ Ety/KWAT

pann

adjective. wide

pann

adjective. wide

Derivations

• ᴹ✶patnā “wide” ✧ Ety/PAT
  • ᴹ√PAT “*open, [ᴱ√] open, wide, spreading” ✧ Ety/PAT

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶patnā > pann	[patnā] > [padnā] > [padna] > [panna] > [pann]	✧ Ety/PAT

Variations

• pann ✧ Ety/PAT

lhand

adjective. wide, broad

lhann

adjective. wide, broad

lhann

adjective. wide, wide, [ᴱN.] broad

Cognates

• ᴹQ. landa “wide, wide, [ᴱQ.] broad” ✧ Ety/LAD

Derivations

• ᴹ√LAD “lie flat, be flat” ✧ Ety/LAD

Element in

• N. camland “palm of hand” ✧ Ety/LAD
• N. Lhandroval “Wide-winged”
• N. Lhothlann “Empty and Wide” ✧ Ety/LAD

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√LAD > lhand > lhann	[landa] > [land] > [l̥and] > [l̥ann]	✧ Ety/LAD

mû

interjection. no

Derivations

• ᴹ√GŪ “no, not” ✧ Ety/MŪ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MŪ > mû	[mū]	✧ Ety/MŪ

ûr

noun. wide

ûr

adjective. wide

Changes

• ûr → ûr “large” ✧ Ety/UR

Cognates

• ᴹQ. úra “large” ✧ Ety/UR

Derivations

• ᴹ√UR “wide, large, great” ✧ Ety/UR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√UR > ûr	[ūra] > [ūr]	✧ Ety/UR

Variations

• ûr ✧ Ety/UR; EtyAC/UR (ûr)