Quenya 

aman

place name. Blessed Realm

The continent in the Uttermost West where the Valar dwelled after the first wars with Morgoth destroyed the world as it was initially created (S/37). Its name is derived from the same root √MAN “blessed, unmarred” as the name of Manwë (PE17/162). The most common translation of this name was the “Blessed Realm” (S/62), though more precisely it describes the “unmarred” state of this land, free from the influence of Morgoth (PE17/162).

Tolkien elsewhere said that Aman was adapted from an (unknown) word from Valarin, meaning “at peace, in accord (with Eru)”, much as Manwë was an adaptation of Val. Mānawenūz (WJ/399). This is not incompatible with its derivation from the root √MAN, which itself may have been adopted into Primitive Elvish from Valarin.

Conceptual Development: According to Christopher Tolkien, the idea for this name first emerged from Ad. Amân, the Adûnaic name for Manwë (SD/376). In Tolkien’s earliest writings, the name for the Land of the Valar was simply ᴱQ. Valinor (LT1/70), but in later writings this became the Elvish name for this land, whereas Aman was its “proper” name (PE17/106).

Quenya [LBI/Aman; LotRI/Aman; LotRI/Blessed Realm; LRI/Aman; LT1I/Aman; LT2I/Aman; MRI/Aman; PE17/106; PE17/162; PMI/Aman; RC/766; S/062; SA/mān; SD/376; SDI2/Amân; SI/Aman; SI/Blessed Realm; SMI/Aman; UTI/Aman; VT49/26; WJ/399; WJI/Aman] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aman

blessed, free from evil

aman adj. "blessed, free from evil". Adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:399), though in other versions Tolkien cited an Elvish etymology (cf. VT49:26-27). Place-name Aman the Blessed Realm, from the stem mān- "good, blessed, unmarred" (SA:mān), translated "Unmarred State" (VT49:26). Allative Amanna (VT49:26). Adj. amanya "of Aman, Amanian" (WJ:411), nominal pl. Amanyar "those of Aman", Elves dwelling there (with negations Úamanyar, Alamanyar "those not of Aman"). Also fuller Amaneldi noun "Aman-elves" (WJ:373).Masc. name Amandil *"Aman-friend" (Appendix A, SA:mān), the father of Elendil; also name of the Númenorean king Tar-Amandil (UT:210).

amandil

masculine name. Lover of Aman

Tar-Amandil was the third ruler of Númenor (UTI/219). Many centuries later a second, more famous, Amandil was the last lord of Andúnië and the father of Elendil, and was therefore ancestor of the kings of Gondor and Arnor (LotR/1035-6, S/271-3). This name is a compound of Aman and the suffix -(n)dil “lover”, and thus means “Lover of Aman”.

Conceptual Development: When this character first appeared in the “Lost Road”, his name was ᴹQ. Elendil “Elf-friend”, while his son was called ᴹQ. Herendil (LR/57). In “The Notion Club Papers”, the character was given the Adûnaic name Ad. Arbazân >> Aphanuzîr, while his son was named Ad. Nimruzân >> Nimruzîr “Elf-friend” (SD/389-90), so the meaning of the father’s name shifted to his son. The contemporaneous Quenya names for the characters also shifted to ᴹQ. Amardil and ᴹQ. Elendil (SD/356). The final form Amandil did not appear until quite late in the development of the Akallabêth (SD/382).

Quenya [LotRI/Amandil; LotRI/Tar-Amandil; LRI/Amandil; PMI/Amandil; SA/mān; SA/(n)dil; SDI2/Amandil; SDI2/Amardil; SDI2/Aphanuzîr; SDI2/Arbazân; SI/Amandil; UT/210; UTI/Amandil; UTI/Tar-Amandil] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amaneldi

collective name. *Elves of Aman

A variant of Amanyar “Those of Aman” (WJ/373), it is a compound of Aman and Eldi “Elves”, an archaic plural of Elda.

Quenya [WJ/373; WJI/Amaneldi] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amanyar

collective name. Those of Aman

A collective term referring to the Elves who reached Aman (SI/Úmanyar). It included the Noldorin Exiles who left to war against Morgoth, but excluded the Sindarin who never left Beleriand (WJ/373). It is a combination of the name Aman with the adjectival suffix -ya. It seems unlikely that the term Amanya would be used for a single Elf of the Amanyar, but it could be used as an adjective, for example Amanya Telerin referring to the Telerin elves that reach Aman (WJ/411).

Quenya [SI/Úmanyar; WJ/373; WJ/411; WJI/Amanyar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amandi

amandi

?amandi pl. of óman, q.v. (amandi is evidently a misreading for *omandi, VT46:7) (OM)

amanya

blessed

amanya adj. "blessed" (VT49:39, 41)

amanar

proper name. Yule

Quenya [Minor-Doc/1963-12-18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amanya

adjective. *blessed

amal

mother

amal noun "mother"; also emel (VT48:22, 49:22); the form amil (emil) seems more usual.

aman

Aman

The Quenya name Aman is glossed as "Blessed Land", or "blessed, free from evil". The etymology of the name Aman changed over time in Tolkien's writings. In early linguistic writings, Aman was intended to be a "native Quenya form", derived from the root MAN ("good"). However, in later writings (such as Quendi and Eldar), the name is said to derive from a Valarin word.

Quenya [Tolkien Gateway] Published by

amanar

`Ct56 noun. winter solstice

The winter solstice, after which the "Sun" starts going back "up" (having reached its lowest point in the sky). Most likely a compound of am "up" + anar "sun".

Quenya [Merry Christmas letter by Tolkien] Group: Subject of debate. Published by

-nna

to, at, upon

-nna "to, at, upon", allative ending, originating from -na "to" with fortified n, VT49:14. Attested in cilyanna, coraryanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, númenórenna, parma-restalyanna, rénna, senna, tielyanna, q.v. If a noun ends in -n already, the ending -nna merges with it, as in Amanna, formenna, Elenna, númenna, rómenna as the allative forms of Aman, formen, elen, númen, rómen (q.v.). Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v.

-ndil

friend

-ndil (also -dil) ending occurring in many names, like Amandil, Eärendil; it implies devotion or disinterested love and may be translated "friend" (SA:(noun)dil); this ending is "describing the attitude of one to a person, thing, course or occupation to which one is devoted for its own sake" (Letters:386). Compare -ndur. It is unclear whether the names derived with the ending -ndil are necessarily masculine, though we have no certain example of a woman's name in -ndil; the name Vardilmë (q.v.) may suggest that the corresponding feminine ending is -(n)dilmë.

óman

vowel

óman noun "vowel" (stem omand- as in the pl. omandi, which form was misread as "amandi" in the Etymologies as printed in LR, entry OM; see VT46:7). The terms óma-tengwë, ómëa from a later source are probably to be preferred.

-ndur

friend

-ndur (also -dur), ending in some names, like Eärendur; as noted by Christopher Tolkien in the Silmarillion Appendix it has much the same meaning as -ndil "friend"; yet -ndur properly means "servant of" (SA:(noun)dil), "as one serves a legitimate master: cf. Q. arandil king's friend, royalist, beside arandur 'king's servant, minister'. But these often coincide: e.g. Sam's relation to Frodo can be viewed either as in status -ndur, in spirit -ndil." (Letters:286)

-nna

to

-n (1) dative ending, originating as a reduced form of - "to", related to the allative ending -nna (VT49:14). Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon (q.v.) and also added to the English name Elaine (Elainen) in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths (VT49:40). The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna (q.v.), also in the noun mariéna from márië "goodness" (PE17:59). Pl. -in (as in hínin, see hína), partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt (Plotz). The preposition ana (#1) is said to be used "when purely dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for "to God". In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the ending -n (or -en) expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o (cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200).

-ser

friend

-ser noun "friend" (SER)

Amarië

good

Amarië fem. name; perhaps derived from mára "good" with prefixing of the stem-vowel and the feminine ending - (Silm)

ainima

blessed, holy (of things)

ainima adj. "blessed, holy (of things)" (PE17:149)

ala-

good

ala- (3), also al-, a prefix expressing "good" or "well" (PE17:146), as in alaquenta (q.v.) Whether Tolkien imagined this ending to coexist with the negative prefix of the same form (#2 above) is unclear and perhaps dubious.

almárëa

blessed

almárëa adj. "blessed". In a deleted entry in Etym, the gloss provided was "bless", but this would seem to be a mistake, since the word does not look like a verb. Another deleted entry agrees with the retained entry GALA that almárëa means "blessed" (GALA, VT45:5, 14)

amil

mother

amil noun "mother" (AM1), also emil (q.v.) Longer variant amillë (VT44:18-19), compounded Eruamillë "Mother of God" in Tolkien's translation of the Hail Mary (VT43:32). If amil is a shortened form of amillë, it should probably have the stem-form amill-. Also compare amilyë, amya, emya. Compounded amil- in amilessë noun "mothername" (cf. essë "name"), name given to a child by its mother, sometimes with prophetic implications (amilessi tercenyë "mother-names of insight"). (MR:217).

ammë

mother

ammë noun "mother" (AM1)

ana

to

ana (1) prep. "to" (VT49:35), "as preposition _ana _is used when purely _dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that the preposition ana can be used instead of the dative ending -n (#1, q.v.) Also as prefix: ana- "to, towards" (NĀ1); an (q.v.) is used with this meaning in one source (PE17:127)_

emel

mother

emel noun "mother"; also amal (VT48:22, 49:22); the form amil (emil) seems more usual.

emil

mother

emil noun "mother", emilinya "my mother" (also reduced to emya) the terms a child would use in addressing his or her mother (VT47:26). Emil would seem to be a variant of amil. Also compare emel.

heldo

friend

[heldo, also helmo, fem. heldë, noun "friend" (VT46:3)]

lára

blessed

[lára (3) adj. "blessed", also lárëa (VT45:26)]

mamil

mother, mummy

mamil noun *"mother, mummy" (UT:191)

manaitë

blessed

manaitë adj. "blessed" (VT49:41, 42)

manaquenta

blessed

manaquenta adj. "blessed" (VT44:10; see manquë, manquenta)

manna

blessed

manna adj. "blessed" (also mána, q.v.) (VT43:30, VT45:32, VT49:41)

manquë

blessed

manquë, manquenta adj. "blessed" (VT44:10-11; it cannot be ruled out that manquë spelt manque in the source is simply an uncompleted form of manquenta. Whatever the case, Tolkien decided to use the form manaquenta instead, q.v.)

meldo

friend, lover

meldo noun "friend, lover". _(VT45:34, quoting a deleted entry in the Etymologies, but cf. the pl. #_meldor in Eldameldor "Elf-lovers", WJ:412) **Meldonya *"my friend" (VT49:38, 40). It may be that meldo is the distinctly masculine form, corresponding to feminine #meldë** (q.v.)

meldë

friend

#meldë noun "friend", feminine (meldenya "my friend" in the Elaine inscription [VT49:40], Tolkien referring to Elaine Griffiths). Compare meldo.

málo

friend

málo noun "friend" (MEL, VT49:22)

mána

blessed

mána 1) adj. "blessed" (FS); also manna, q.v. 2) noun "any good thing or fortunate thing; a boon or blessing, a grace, being esp. used of some thing/person/event that helps or amends an evil or difficulty. (Cf. frequent ejaculation on receiving aid in trouble: yé mána (ma) = what a blessing, what a good thing!)" (VT49:41)

na

to, towards

na (2) prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by #1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead (NĀ1). Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana (VT45:36).

nildo

friend

nildo noun "friend" (apparently masc.; contrast nildë) (NIL/NDIL)

nildë

friend

nildë noun "friend" (fem.) (NIL/NDIL)

nilmo

friend

nilmo noun "friend" (apparently masc.) (NIL/NDIL)

nútë

bond, knot

nútë noun "bond, knot" (NUT)

ontari

mother

ontari noun "mother" or etymologically "begetter, parent" (fem.); clashing with the plural ontari "parents", this was apparently an emphemeral form (see ontarë, ontaril, ontarië for other feminine forms of "begetter, parent") (VT44:7)

ontaril

mother

ontaril noun "mother", female *"begetter" (cf. onta-). Variant of ontarë. (VT43:32)

penna

vowel

#penna noun "vowel" (only pl. pennar is attested) (VT39:16)

sermo

friend

sermo noun "friend" (evidently masc., since sermë is stated to be fem.) (SER)

sermë

friend

sermë noun "friend" (fem.) (SER)

seron

friend

seron noun "friend" (SER)

sondo

friend

[sondo noun "friend" (VT46:15)]

vérë

bond, troth, compact, oath

vérë (1) noun "bond, troth, compact, oath" (WED)

óma-tengwë

vowel

#óma-tengwë noun "vowel" (only pl. óma-tengwi attested); this refers to vowels considered as independent phonemes, according to Fëanor's new insights on phonemics. Also #ómëa. (VT39:8; ómatengwi ["ñ"] with no hyphen in VT39:16)

ómëa

vowel

#ómëa noun "vowel" (only pl. ómëar attested); this refers to vowels considered as independent phonemes, according to Fëanor's new insights on phonemics. Also #óma-tengwë. (VT39:8)

aistana

adjective. *blessed

Quenya [VT43/28; VT43/30; VT43/31] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amil(lë)

noun. mother

Tolkien used a number of similar forms for “mother” for most of his life. The earliest of these are ᴱQ. amis (amits-) “mother” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s along with variants ᴱQ. ambi, âmi, amaimi under the root ᴱ√AMA (QL/30). An additional variant ammi appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/30). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien had ᴱQ. ambe or mambe “mother” (PE16/135). This became ᴹQ. amil “mother” in The Etymologies under the root ᴹ√AM “mother” (Ety/AM¹).

This 1930s form amil appears to have survived for some time. It appeared in a longer form Amille in Quenya Prayers of the 1950s (VT43/26; VT44/12, 18), and as an element in the term amilessi “mother-names” in a late essay on Elvish naming (MR/217). In the initial drafts of Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s Tolkien used the form amilye or amye as an affectionate word for “mother”, and amaltil as the finger name for the second finger (VT47/26-27 note #34 and #35).

However, in those documents Tolkien seems to have revised the root for “mother” from √AM to √EM and the affectionate forms from amye to emya or emme (VT47/10; VT48/6, 19). The revised word for “mother” appears to be emil based on the 1st person possessive form emil(inya) (VT47/26).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer to retain the root √AM for “mother”, since that is what Tolkien used for 50 years, and ignore the very late change to √EM. As such, I would recommend amil(le) for “mother” and affectionate forms amme “mommy” and amya. However, if you prefer to use Tolkien’s “final” forms, then emil(le), emme and emya seem to be what Tolkien adopted in the late 1960s.

Quenya [VT44/18; VT47/26] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amya-

verb. [unglossed]

arra

adjective. [unglossed]

cairë

?. [unglossed]

conta-

verb. [unglossed]

cúma

noun. [unglossed]

emil

noun. mother

felca

adjective. [unglossed]

felehta-

verb. [unglossed], *to excavate, tunnel, mine

An untranslated form appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √PHELEG/PHELEK (PE17/118), possibly a verb derived from ✱phelektā- or ✱phelegtā-. The derivatives of this root had to do with mines and tunnels, so perhaps this verb meant “✱to excavate, tunnel, mine”.

finca

noun. [unglossed]

hendas

?. [unglossed]

Quenya [PMCH/02; TMME/192] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hindo

noun. [unglossed]

hindë

noun. [unglossed]

holdë

noun. [unglossed]

háro

?. [unglossed]

lingi-

verb. [unglossed]

maitya

?. [unglossed]

malsa

?. [unglossed]

manaquenta

adjective. *blessed

manna

adjective. *blessed

mat-

verb. to eat

The verb for “to eat” derived from the root √MAT of the same meaning (VT39/7).

Conceptual Development: This verb and root are quite well established, dating all the way back to ᴱQ. mat- and ᴱ√MATA of the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/59) and appearing as ᴹQ. mat- and ᴹ√MAT in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/MAT), as well as numerous other places albeit with occasional variants like mata- (PE12/26). This verb was one Tolkien often used in examples of verb conjugations and as such its inflected forms changed considerably over time, but that is more a topic of the evolution of the Quenya verb system itself.

Quenya [PE17/013; PE17/076; PE22/131; PE22/132; PE22/157; PE22/162; VT39/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

melya-

verb. [unglossed], *to be in love

málo

noun. friend

friend, comrade

Quenya [PE 18:46 PE 18:96] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

mára

adjective. good

Quenya [PE 22:154, 166] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

naue

?. [unglossed]

naxa

noun. bond

bond, fetter

Quenya [PE 19:101] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

sal-

verb. [unglossed]

sélo

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

tomba

noun. [unglossed]

tompë

noun. [unglossed], *pulse, beat

@@@ Neo-meaning “✱pulse, beat” suggested by Röandil on 2023-04-20

um(ba)-

prefix. [unglossed]

umbacarin

noun. [unglossed]

éna

?. [unglossed]

óman

noun. vowel

ómëa

noun/adjective. vowel, vowel; [ᴹQ.] voiced

úpa-

verb. [unglossed]

þúna

?. [unglossed]

hristonosta

proper name. Christmas

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Primitive elvish

aman

root. good (morally), blessed, holy, unmarred, free from evil

man

root. good (morally), blessed, holy, unmarred, free from evil, good (morally), blessed, holy, unmarred, free from evil; [ᴹ√] holy spirit

This root for “(morally) good” and “holy” things dates back to Tolkien’s earliest versions of Elvish, probably due to its long-standing connection to the name Q. Manwë, one of the most stable names in Tolkien’s Legendarium. The unglossed root ᴱ√MANA appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. mane “good (moral)” and ᴱQ. manimo “holy soul” (QL/58). Derivatives like G. mani “good (of men and character only), holy” and G. manos “spirit that has gone to the Valar” also appear in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/56).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s ᴹ√MAN “holy spirit” appeared with derivatives like ᴹQ. manu/N. mân “departed spirit” (Ety/MAN). Earlier versions of the entry had the gloss “holy” (EtyAC/MAN), and an earlier version of the entry for ᴹ√MBAD has MAN- “blessed” (EtyAC/MBAD).

The senses “good, blessed, holy” were retained in Tolkien’s later writings, though sometimes the root was given in its augmented form √AMAN. In Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957, √MAN was contrasted with √ARA which also meant “good”, but with the nuance of one specimen that is “good of its kind” and hence “excels, without necessarily implying that others are bad or marred” (PE17/147). Elsewhere in QN Tolkien elaborated on the meaning of √MAN in more detail:

> √MAN “good”. This implies that a person/thing is (relatively or absolutely) “unmarred”: that is in Elvish thought unaffected by the disorders introduced into Arda by Morgoth: and therefore is true to its nature & function. If applied to mind/spirit it is more or less equivalent to morally good; but applied to bodies it naturally refers to health and to absence of distortions, damages, blemishes, &c (PE17/162).

In Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959, √AMAN “good (morally), holy, blessed, free from evil” was contrasted with √AYA(N) “treat with awe/reverence” and √MAGA “good (physically)” (PE17/149). In The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968, Tolkien said the root meant “blessed, holy” and was adapted from Valarin (PM/357 note #18), which is consistent with the fact that its derivatives were almost entirely limited to Quenya and not Sindarin; where derivatives do appear in Sindarin, such as S. Avon the equivalent of Q. Aman (PE17/162), they were probably loan words from Quenya.

Primitive elvish [PE17/145; PE17/146; PE17/147; PE17/149; PE17/150; PE17/162; PE17/172; PM/357; SA/mān] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amal

noun. mother

Primitive elvish [PE21/83; VT48/17; VT48/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amas

noun. mother

amma

noun. mother

am

root. mother

For most of Tolkien’s life, the Primitive Elvish root for “mother” was √AM. This began with the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where Tolkien gave the root as ᴱ√AMA (QL/30). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was ᴹ√AM with derivatives ᴹQ. amil and (archaic) N. emil “mother” (Ety/AM¹). In Quenya prayers of the 1950s, the word for mother was Q. Amille. In the last few years of his life, however, Tolkien toyed with the notion of changing this root to √EM. In notes associated with Eldarinwe Leperi are Notessi written in the late 1960s, Tolkien first gave the root as am, but then wrote em next to it with a question mark, along with several new em-derivatives (VT48/19 note #16). The Q. affectionate word emme for “mommy” appeared in the main article, indicating Tolkien did, in fact, adopt this new root, at least for some period of time.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Quenya writing, I personally prefer to ignore this late change to the root for “mother” and stick with the √AM-forms Tolkien used for most of his life. However, the √AM-forms were less stable in the Sindarin branch of the languages, so I’d use √EM-forms like S. emel and emig, and would assume √AM and √EM were variants of the root, as they were on VT48/19 (see above).

Primitive elvish [VT48/17; VT48/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amme

noun. mother

em

root. mother

emel

noun. mother

emer

noun. mother

lemek

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s illustrating certain phonetic combinations (PE19/98), and therefore possibly not a “real” root.

Primitive elvish [PE19/098] Group: Eldamo. Published by

manrā

adjective. good

Primitive elvish [PE17/162] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mat-

verb. to eat

Primitive elvish [PE17/131; PE18/106; PE22/129; PE22/130; PE22/131; PE22/132; PE22/134; PE22/136; PE22/139; PE22/157; VT39/09] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phut

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root appearing in the second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ2) as an etymological variation of √PUT (PE18/90).

Primitive elvish [PE18/090] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sal

root. [unglossed], *harp(ing), lyre

The unglossed root ᴱ√SALA appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. salma “lyre, small harp” and ᴱQ. salumbe “harping, music” (QL/81). The root √SAL appeared again Common Eldarin: Verb Structure from the early 1950s to illustrate the reformed perfect form of its verb Q. asálie (PE22/132), but since these later forms are unglossed it is unclear whether they have the same meaning (“✱harp(ing)”) as the earlier version of the root.

Primitive elvish [PE22/133] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stuk

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected section of the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s, serving to illustration certain phonetic developments: ✶stuknā > Q. thúna (PE19/86).

Primitive elvish [PE19/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tig

root. [unglossed]

A root appearing in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 as the basis for the verb Q. tinga- “go (for a long while)” (PE22/157). The etymology was marked with an “X” and so was probably a transient idea (PE22/157 note #70).

Primitive elvish [PE22/157] Group: Eldamo. Published by

graw Reconstructed

root. [unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart

This root appeared as a primitive form grawa serving as the basis of the word Q. roa “bear” >> “dog” in notes on monosyllabic roots from 1968 (VT47/35); a Sindarin derivative S. graw “bear” appeared in other notes written around the same time (VT47/12). Patrick Wynne suggested that in the sense “bear” grawa might be connected to the root ᴹ√GRAWA “dark, swart” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/GRAWA).

Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Adûnaic

amân

masculine name. Manwë

The Adûnaic name of Manwë (SD/376). According to Christopher Tolkien, the invention of this Adûnaic name preceded the use of Q. Aman as the name of the Blessed Realm, and was likely the inspiration for this Quenya name (SD/376). The later status of Ad. Amân as the name of Manwë is unclear, but it could be that the ancestors of the Númeróreans conflated the name of the Valar with the name of the land he ruled. Conceptual Development: The first Adûnaic name for Manwë was Manawē (SD/55).

Adûnaic [MRI/Aman; SD/357; SD/376; SD/435; SDI2/Amân] Group: Eldamo. Published by

manawē

masculine name. Manwë

A draft version of the Adûnaic name for Manwë, later replaced by Amân (SD/376).

Adûnaic [SD/376; SDI2/Manwë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ammê

noun. mother

A noun for “mother” (SD/434). Tolkien gave two forms of this word, ammî and ammê, with no indication as to which would be preferred. However, ammî resembles a plural word, and Tolkien elsewhere stated that such forms tended to change their final vowel to (SD/438), so my guess is that ammî is an archaic form. This word is probably related to the Elvish root √AM “mother”. Some authors have suggested it is directly related to ᴹQ. amme (AAD/10, AL/Adûnaic), but as Andreas Moehn points out (EotAL/MAM) such basic words are rarely borrowed from other languages, so the relationship is more likely from the Primitive Elvish root.

asdi

?. [unglossed]

A word Tolkien used to illustrate Adûnaic pronunciation (pronounced [azdi]) without giving its meaning (SD/421).

sapda

?. [unglossed]

A word Tolkien used to illustrate Adûnaic pronunciation without giving its meaning (SD/421).

Sindarin 

manwe

manwë

in Sindarin as well (na Vanwe), or he may be referred to as Aran Einior ”the Elder King”.

an

preposition. to, towards, for

With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath

Sindarin [LotR/II:IV, UT/39, SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

an

to

_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath  'glory to all the Halflings'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:38:102:147] < _ana _< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

bain

good

_ adj. _good, wholesome, blessed, fair (esp. of weather). . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:149] < ƀan fair. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

cidinn

?. [unglossed]

Sindarin [PE17/157] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cinnog

?. [unglossed]

Sindarin [PE17/157] Group: Eldamo. Published by

emel

noun. mother

Sindarin [Emeldir S/155, VT/48:17] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emel

noun. mother

A word for “mother” in notes on Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, along with a diminutive form emelig (VT48/17 note #13). These forms were struck through and replaced by emig as the proper diminutive form from the root √EM (VT48/6), but that doesn’t necessarily invalidate emel = “mother”, which appeared elsewhere as (probably primitive) emel, emer in rough versions of these notes (VT48/19 note #16). These Sindarin forms are unusual in that the medial m did not become v, which means the primitive form was likely based on ✱emm- as suggested by Patrick Wynne (VT48/17 note #14).

Conceptual Development: G. amil “mother” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s along with rejected forms {anwin, amril} and an archaic variant †amaith (GL/19). The forms {emaith >>} amaith appeared unglossed in Gnomish Lexicon Slips revising that document (PE13/109). In The Etymologies of the 1930s there was a form N. †emil for “mother” under the root ᴹ√AM of the same meaning, but Tolkien said this word was archaic, apparently replaced by N. naneth (Ety/AM¹; EtyAC/AM¹). With N. emil, the a became e via i-affection, but the medial m failing to become v requires an explanation similar to that of 1960s S. emel.

Neo-Sindarin: I generally prefer derivatives of the earlier root √AM for “mother” words in Quenya, but in the case of Sindarin, I find emel and emig from √EM to be better and more widely accepted.

emig

noun. "litte mother"

Sindarin [VT/48:6,17] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emig

noun. index finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)

Sindarin [VT/48:6,17] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emmel

noun. mother

Sindarin [Emeldir S/155, VT/48:17] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ma

adjective. good

_ adj. _good. Archaic and obsolete except as interjection 'good, excellent, that's right'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:162] < *_magā_ < MAGA to thrive, be in good state. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

mad-

verb. to eat

The verb for “to eat” derived from the root √MAT of the same meaning (PE17/131; Ety/MAT). In Tolkien’s later writing it appears only in inflected forms, but the verb itself is well established, dating back all the way to G. mad- in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/56). This verb was one Tolkien often used in examples of verb conjugations and as such its inflected forms changed considerably over time, but that is more a topic of the evolution of the Sindarin verb system.

Sindarin [PE17/131; PE17/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

madu

?. [unglossed]

maer

good

_ adj. _good.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:162] < MAY. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

maer

good

adj. good, proper, excellent. Q. mára good, proper, Q. maira excellent. >> mae-. This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:172] < (A)MAY suitable, useful, prosper, serviceable, right. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

maud

?. [unglossed]

Sindarin [PE17/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mellon

noun. friend

Sindarin [Ety/372, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, Letters/424] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mellon

noun. friend

_ n. _friend. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. 

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:41] < _melnā_ < MEL love. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

mellon

noun. friend

Sindarin [AotM/062; Let/424; LotR/0305; LotR/0308; LotRI/Mellon; PE17/041; PE17/097; SA/mel; SD/129; VT44/26; WJ/412] Group: Eldamo. Published by

na

to

e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] < _nā _< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

na

preposition. to

prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:20-1:25] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

an

to

(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).

an

to

(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)

emig

little mother

(no distinct pl. form except with article: in emig). Also used (in children’s play) as a name for the index finger (VT48:6, 17)

gwaedh

bond

1) (a ”bond” of loyalty) gwaedh (i **waedh) (troth, compact, oath), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaedh**), 2) _(apparently referring to physical ”bonds”, cf.

gwaedh

bond

(i ’waedh)  (troth, compact, oath), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaedh)

gwêdh

chain

(i ’wêdh, construct gwedh), pl. gwîdh (in gwîdh), 3) (ditto) nûd (construct nud, pl. nuid). 4) (the ”bond” of friendship) gwend (i ’wend, construct gwen) (friendship), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath. Note: a homophone means ”maiden”.

maer

good

_(”useful” of things _ not of moral qualities) maer (lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.

maer

good

(lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.

meldis

friend

(i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.

mellon

friend

1) (masc.) mellon (i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath. 2) (fem.) meldis (i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.

mellon

friend

(i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath.

naneth

mother

naneth (pl. nenith). Hypocoristic form (”mom”) nana, pl. nenai (but this word is probably rarely pluralized). In a higher style also †emil. No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emillath. Variant form emel (pl. emil), also spelt emmel (pl. emmil). (VT48:17)

naneth

mother

(pl. nenith). Hypocoristic form (”mom”) nana, pl. nenai (but this word is probably rarely pluralized). In a higher style also †emil. No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emillath. Variant form emel (pl. emil), also spelt emmel (pl. emmil). (VT48:17)

rhistonnad

proper name. Christmas

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Noldorin 

borth

?. [unglossed]

clei

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

coen

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

diragas

?. [unglossed]

elf

noun. friend

Noldorin [EtyAC/ÑEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

emil

noun. mother

Noldorin [VT/45:5] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emil

noun. mother

Noldorin [EtyAC/AM¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwaedh

noun. bond, troth, compact, oath

Noldorin [Ety/397] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwedh

noun. bond

Noldorin [Ety/397] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwedh

noun. bond

Noldorin [Ety/WED; PE22/032] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwend

noun. bond, friendship

Noldorin [Ety/397-398, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

heltha-

verb. to strip

The form helta- in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:14

Noldorin [Ety/386, VT/46:14] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mad-

verb. to eat

Noldorin [Ety/MAT; EtyAC/MAT; PE17/044] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mauth

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

meldir

noun. friend

Noldorin [Ety/372] mell+dîr. Group: SINDICT. Published by

meldis

noun. friend

Noldorin [Ety/372] mell+dîs. Group: SINDICT. Published by

mellon

noun. friend

Noldorin [Ety/372, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, Letters/424] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mellon

noun. friend

Noldorin [Ety/MEL; EtyAC/MEL; RS/452; RSI/Mellyn; TI/181; TI/182] Group: Eldamo. Published by

menwed

?. [unglossed]

nana

noun. mother, mummy

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/374] Group: SINDICT. Published by

naneth

noun. mother

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/374] Group: SINDICT. Published by

naneth

noun. mother

A noun for “mother” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the (Noldorin-only?) root ᴹ√NAN (Ety/NAN). It apparently replaced archaic/poetic N. †emil (Ety/AM¹; EtyAC/AM¹).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon had a similar set of words for “mother”: G. maba, mabir, baba, and mavwin from the early root ᴱ√maƀ “something nice” (GL/57). The last of these appeared as G. mavwen “ancestress” in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document, with an archaic meaning of “mother” and variant forms mafwyn and mavuin (PE13/115). In these slips, it seems the normal “mother” word was G. nân (originally glossed “father”) with variant nanwin (PE13/115). This last word is likely the direct precursor of N. naneth.

Neo-Sindarin: I would use S. emel from the late 1960s as the normal word for “mother” in Neo-Sindarin, but would retain N. naneth as a dialectical or more formal variant.

Noldorin [Ety/AM¹; Ety/NAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nith

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nithrad

?. [unglossed]

níth

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nûd

noun. bond

porennin

?. [unglossed]

telwen

?. [unglossed]

thond

noun. friend

Noldorin [EtyAC/SON] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Black Speech

u

preposition. to

Black Speech [LotR/0445; PE17/078; PM/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Telerin 

emmë

noun. mother

mat-

verb. to eat

Telerin [PE22/130; PE22/132] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Primitive adûnaic

amān

masculine name. *Manwë

The primitive form of Amân, the Adûnaic name of Manwë, written in allcaps as AMĀN (SD/420). Usually Tolkien used capitalization for primitive roots, but in this case it is more like to be a form derived from an unattested Primitive Adûnaic root ✱√MAN, probably related to the Primitive Elvish root ᴹ√MAN.

Primitive adûnaic [SD/420] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

aman

noun. mother

Ilkorin for “mother” (Ety/AM¹), also appearing in its plural form emnin (EtyAC/AM¹).

Doriathrin [Ety/AM¹; EtyAC/AM¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwedh

noun. bond

A noun meaning “bond” derived from primitive ᴹ✶wedā (Ety/WED). Here the [[ilk|initial [w] became [gw]]], and the [[ilk|[d] spirantalized to [ð]]].

Doriathrin [Ety/WED] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

aman

noun. bond

Qenya [PE21/33; PE21/34] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amil

noun. mother

amme

noun. mother

Qenya [Ety/AM¹; PE22/023] Group: Eldamo. Published by

óman

noun. vowel

Qenya [Ety/OM; EtyAC/OM; PE18/032] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-el

suffix. friend

-ser

suffix. friend

a

preposition. [unglossed]

alama

noun. [unglossed]

almárea

adjective. blessed

Qenya [Ety/GALA; EtyAC/AL; EtyAC/GAL(AS)] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

engwa

?. [unglossed]

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

es

[unglossed]

helde

noun. friend

heldo

noun. friend

helmo

noun. friend

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

Qenya [EtyAC/KHYEL(ES)] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

karpalimaite

noun. [unglossed]

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

lau(w)e

?. [unglossed]

mahtya

?. [unglossed]

Qenya [PE19/042; PE22/014; PE22/020] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

Qenya [PE19/046; PE19/062] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

mat-

verb. to eat

Qenya [Ety/MAT; EtyAC/MAT; PE22/099; PE22/100; PE22/102; PE22/104; PE22/105; PE22/106; PE22/107; PE22/108; PE22/109; PE22/119; PE22/120; PE22/127; VT48/32] Group: Eldamo. Published by

málo

noun. friend

Qenya [Ety/MEL; PE18/046] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mána

adjective. blessed

Qenya [EtyAC/MAN; LR/072] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nandakka-

verb. [unglossed]

nerno

?. [unglossed]

nilmo

noun. friend

niule

?. [unglossed]

olta-

verb. [unglossed]

rampa

?. [unglossed]

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

sermo

noun. friend

seron

noun. friend

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

sondo

noun. friend

séra

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

tante

noun. [unglossed]

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

teuka

?. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

timpana

noun. [unglossed]

toina

adjective. [unglossed]

toróma

noun. [unglossed]

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

Qenya [PE21/06; PE21/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

éma

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya

ama

noun. mother

Early Quenya [PME/030; QL/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mata-

verb. to eat

Early Quenya [PE12/026; PE14/023; PE14/028; PE14/034; PE14/056; PE14/057; PE14/058; PE14/059; PE14/070; PE14/085; PE16/141; QL/043; QL/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

(m)ambe

noun. mother

Early Quenya [PE16/135] Group: Eldamo. Published by

alle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amaimi

noun. mother

ambe

noun. mother

ambi

noun. mother

Early Quenya [PME/030; QL/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amis

noun. mother

Early Quenya [PME/030; QL/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ammi

noun. mother

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

angwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eant

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ematte

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hetl

noun. bond

Early Quenya [QL/040] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

intya

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/107] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ka

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/054] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lantanwa

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/006] Group: Eldamo. Published by

las

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mat-

verb. to eat

min-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/028] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nauto

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nawa-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nierme

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/075] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ralle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saile

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [GL/72] Group: Eldamo. Published by

salistina

adjective. blessed

Early Quenya [QL/055; QL/081] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saqa-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sauke

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sivilda

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

súme

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

talarin

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/088] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tantilta-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [LT1/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by

toron

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/094] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tultárie

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/006] Group: Eldamo. Published by

umpai

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

usult

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

valle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yu

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/146] Group: Eldamo. Published by

âmi

noun. mother

Westron

hamanullas

feminine name. Lobelia

Westron [PM/047; PM/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

am

root. mother

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AM¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phan

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/PHAN).

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/PHAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ala

root. *blessed

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÁLAM; EtyAC/AL; EtyAC/GALÁS] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amī̆l

noun. mother

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/66] Group: Eldamo. Published by

auluta-

verb. [unglossed]

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bay

root. [unglossed]

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/WAY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

iw

root. [unglossed], [ᴱ√] *fish

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/IW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kaltwa

?. [unglossed]

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/048] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khlip

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected paragraph from the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/112 note #78).

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/113] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kōmā

noun. [unglossed]

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maiga

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root appearing in the first version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa from the 1930s (TQ1) to illustrate certain patterns of root formation (PE18/66). It may have serving as the basis for ᴹQ. Maia, though this word was given different derivations later.

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE18/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mat-

verb. to eat

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/093; PE22/095; PE22/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mālō

noun. friend

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/MEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

skil

root. [unglossed]

A root mentioned in passing in as a variant of ᴹ√KIL “divide” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but it had no derivatives and appeared nowhere else (Ety/KIL).

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KIL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stin

root. [unglossed]

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/STIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stā

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root reference in The Etymologies apparently serving as the basis for the verbal action suffix ᴹ✶-stā “-ing” in ᴹ✶khau̯-stā “rest-ing” (Ety/KHAW; EtyAC/KHAW). See the entry on ✶-stā for further discussion.

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/KHAW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

torōmā

noun. [unglossed]

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

uruk

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/URUK).

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/URUK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

us

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/US).

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/US] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wedā

noun. bond

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/WED] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yel

root. friend

A new gloss for the root ᴹ√YEL “daughter”, with a new set of derivatives like ᴹQ. -iel “-friend” and ᴹQ. yelda “friendly” (Ety/YEL), but it was rejected in turn and probably replaced by ᴹ√MEL.

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/YEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

magra

adjective. good

Old Noldorin [EtyAC/MAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

weda

noun. bond

Old Noldorin [Ety/WED] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

amaith

noun. mother

amil

noun. mother

Gnomish [GL/19; PE13/109] Group: Eldamo. Published by

beb

adverb. [unglossed]

brid-

verb. [unglossed]

clidhron

noun. [unglossed]

climbol

noun. [unglossed]

duruchalm

proper name. Yule

Gnomish [GL/31; GL/47; LT1/244; LT1A/Turuhalmë; LT1I/Duruchalm; LT1I/Turuhalmë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dôn

?. [unglossed]

noun. [unglossed]

gatha

?. [unglossed]

@@@ form does not appear elsewhere and similar forms are not relevant

halm na-dhuruthon

proper name. Yule

Gnomish [GL/47; LT1A/Turuhalmë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mab(a)

noun. mother

Gnomish [GL/29; GL/57] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mabir

noun. mother

mad-

verb. to eat

mawr

adjective. good

mora

adjective. good

Gnomish [GG/10; GG/15; GG/16; GL/17; GL/56; GL/57; PE13/115] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nanwin

noun. mother

nân

noun. mother

pad

noun. [unglossed]

praust

noun. [unglossed]

prog

noun. [unglossed]

rab-

verb. [unglossed]

noun. [unglossed]

sind

noun. [unglossed]

sinthi

pronoun. [unglossed]

thail

noun. [unglossed]

thel

noun. [unglossed]

thelg

noun. [unglossed]

thil

noun. [unglossed]

thion

noun. [unglossed]

thrim

?. [unglossed]

thû-

verb. [unglossed]

trum

?. [unglossed]

tûn

noun. [unglossed]

ulthanc

noun. [unglossed]

umeg

?. [unglossed]

’ôs

noun. [unglossed]

to

proper name. To

Early Noldorin

ai-

prefix. [unglossed]

bailchir

noun. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/128] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bhraig

?. [unglossed]

A set of unglossed forms written next to ᴱN. braith (also unglossed) in Early Noldorin word lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), their meaning and etymology are unclear.

Early Noldorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bhregint

?. [unglossed]

bhreigros

?. [unglossed]

blaithrod

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

braith

?. [unglossed]

A verb appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as G. braitha- “wrap, swathe” based on G. brach “a shawl, plaid, wrap” (GL/23). The form ᴱN. braith also appeared in Early Noldorin word lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), but it was unglossed and whether it was related is unclear.

Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain ᴺS. brach “shawl, wrap”, I’d also keep this Gnomish verb as a derivative of the Neo-Root ᴺ√BARAK “wrap”, but updated to ᴺS. braetha- “to wrap, swathe” since ai became ae in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.

Early Noldorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

braithgair

noun. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cai

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

caiad

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

celin

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ciann

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

delin

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ei-

prefix. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

farn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fedhui

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/142; PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

flair

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

flaith

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

floth

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fraith

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

geryd

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glaith

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glaithfedhui

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glewin

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glich

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

harn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/125] Group: Eldamo. Published by

isteth

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laus

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

leus

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhuaith

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/149; PE15/62] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhû

noun. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

luaith

?. [unglossed]

mad-

verb. to eat

Early Noldorin [PE13/127; PE13/128; PE13/129; PE13/131; PE13/132; PE13/163; PE13/164; PE13/165] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maur

adjective. good

Early Noldorin [PE13/122; PE13/124; PE13/125; PE13/150] Group: Eldamo. Published by

môr

adjective. good

nelyn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/150] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pap-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/132] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pethil

noun. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/152] Group: Eldamo. Published by

raith

noun. [unglossed], [G.] extent, reach; region, sphere, district, scope

Early Noldorin [PE13/152] Group: Eldamo. Published by

scarn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stroth

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tharn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thesg

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thrand

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thrann

?. [unglossed]

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

-yǝ

suffix. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lepse

?. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lopse

?. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mat-

verb. to eat

Early Primitive Elvish [PE14/058; PE14/070] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saw̯a

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/82), which may have reemerged as √SAWA “disgusting, foul, vile” in notes from the 1950s (PE17/172, 183).

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sivi

root. [unglossed]

Unglossed roots in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants ᴱ√SIVI and ᴱ√SIWI and a single unglossed derivative ᴱQ. sivilda (QL/84). It is difficult to guess what Tolkien intended for these forms to mean, though they conceivably reemerged as the later roots ᴹ√SIW “excite, egg on, urge” (Ety/SIW) or √SIB “rest, quiet” (VT44/35).

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

teled-

noun. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tołᵂo

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in The Qenya Phonology of the 1910s illustrating a hypothetical series of ancient lateral approximants, with derived roots like ᴱ√TOLO and ᴱ√TOẆO [with = ɣʷ] (PE12/16). The former appeared in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon as the basis for island words (QL/94), but the latter appeared nowhere else in Early Qenya writings.

Early Primitive Elvish [PE12/016] Group: Eldamo. Published by

toẇo

root. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [PE12/016] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tḷkḷ

root. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/093] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Telerin

mat-

verb. to eat

Middle Telerin [PE22/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ancient quenya

caia-

verb. [unglossed]

Ancient quenya [PE22/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by