rig

root. wreathe, twine, wind about; wreath, garland, crown

This root first appeared as unglossed ᴹ√RIG in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. ríe/N. rhî “crown” and ᴹQ. rína/N. rhîn “crowned” (Ety/RIG). The root was then altered to ᴹ√RIƷ (EtyAC/RĪ). A similar root √RIK with derivation ✶riknā >> Q. rína (all unglossed) appeared in the first layer of composition for the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s, but this section was revised in green ink around 1970 and the root did not appear in the revisions (PE19/85-86 and note #79).

The root √RIG appeared a number of times in Tolkien’s writings from the 1950s and 60s, variously glossed “wreath, garland, crown” (PE17/59), “twine” (PE17/182), and “twine, wreathe” (PM/347), but √RIƷ “wind about, wreathe” also appeared in notes on the names of Galadriel and Celeborn from 1968 (NM/349, 353). Thus it seems Tolkien vacillated between √RIG and √RIƷ with a brief aside to √RIK in the early 1950s.

rīgā

noun. wreath, garland

rigelle

noun. woman bearing a garland

for-

noun. right-hand, north

may

root. excellent, admirable, beautiful; make [art]; suitable, useful, proper, serviceable; right

A root appearing in Tolkien’s later writings with a variety of glosses: √MAY “make (in artistic sense as ποιήτης [Greek: make, create])” in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 (PE17/145, 163), {√MAGA >>} √(A)MAY “suitable, useful, proper, serviceable; right” in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 but this note was crossed through (PE17/172), √MAY “excellent, admirable” elsewhere in DLN (PE17/172), again as √MAY “excellent, admirable” in notes contemporaneous to the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 (PE17/150, 163) and finally as √MAY “beautiful” in notes from the late 1960s (VT47/18).

Two notable derivatives of √MAY were S. mae “well” (PE17/17, 163) and Q. Maia (PE17/163; VT47/18), but elsewhere these two words were derived from the root √MAG “good (useful)” (PE17/16, 162; PE19/46, 62, 75, 94). In the aforementioned notes from the late 1960s, however, Tolkien said “maga was distinct from maʒa and maya” (VT48/18). For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume the root √MAY was distinct from √MAG, having the meaning “excellent, admirable, beautiful” and by extension the creation of beautiful things such as art, to allow the retention of 1957 words like Q. maitar “artist” (PE17/163).

A possible precursor to this root is unglossed ᴱ√MAẎA from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. mai “too much” and ᴱQ. maira “excessive, strong” (QL/60); perhaps a more extreme version of its later sense “excellent”. The entry also included ᴱQ. mairu “(horse ?); mane, flowing hair”, but Tolkien marked this word with a “?”, perhaps indicating he was unsure it was from this root (QL/60).

banya

adjective. beautiful

mā

noun. hand

rig-

verb. to try, strive

for

noun. right-hand

_n. _right-hand, north. Q. for-. >> forn

forvo

noun. right hand, right side

fair

noun. right (hand)

forn

noun. right, north

forvo

noun. right hand

forvo

noun. right side

forn

adjective. north, north, [N.] right

rî

noun. wreath, garland, wreath, garland; [N.] crown

A word for “wreath, garland” appearing in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 as the basis for -riel “crowned maiden” in the name Galadriel (PM/347). It was derived from primitive ✶rīgā based on the root √RIG “twine, wreathe”.

Conceptual Development: N. rhî “crown” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶rīgē under the root ᴹ√RIG (Ety/RIG). The difference from its Sindarin form is because initial r unvoiced to rh in Noldorin of the 1930s. In The Etymologies this word was also the basis for the name of Tuor’s mother: N. Rhian “Crown-gift” (Ety/RIG), later appearing as S. Rían (S/148).

Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s instead had ᴱN. mindeb “crown”, though its derivation is unclear (PE13/150).

rían

feminine name. Crown-gift

Wife of Huor and mother of Tuor (S/148), her name seems to be a compound of rî “crown” and ann “gift”, though it could also be rían “queen” used as a name.

Conceptual Development: When it first appeared in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name was N. Rían (SM/35) but in later drafts it appeared as N. Rian with a short i (LR/131), which was its usual form in this period. In The Etymologies it appeared as N. Rhian glossed “Crown-gift”, which is the source of the gloss and derivation given above (Ety/RIG). In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, the form S. Rían with a long í was restored (WJ/52).

fuir

right hand

fuir, pl. fŷr. Also used as adj. "right, north" (VT42:20). In ”Noldorin” the word appeared as (”foeir” =) föir, feir (LR:382 s.v. PHOR).

fuir

right

1) (adj, of direction), also used as noun "right hand": fuir (north), pl. fŷr (VT42:20). In ”Noldorin” the word appeared as (”foeir” =) föir, feir (LR:382 s.v. PHOR). 2) (direction, not "correct") fôr (north), pl. fŷr. 3) (straight) tîr (lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

fuir

right hand

pl. fŷr. Also used as adj. "right, north" (VT42:20). In ”Noldorin” the word appeared as (”foeir” =) föir, feir (LR:382 s.v. PHOR).

forgam

right-handed

forgam (pl. fergaim, for archaic förgeim)

forgam

right); right-handed

forgam (pl. fergaim, for archaic förgeim)

forvo

right hand, right side

forvo, pl. forvoe (VT47:6)

forvo

right hand, right side

forvo, pl. forvoe (VT47:6);

tharn

rigid

tharn (sapless, stiff, withered), pl. thern

fair

adjective. right (hand)

forgam

right-handed

(pl. fergaim, for archaic förgeim)

forvo

right hand, right side

pl. forvoe (VT47:6);

forvo

right hand, right side

pl. forvoe (VT47:6)

fuir

right

(north), pl. fŷr (VT42:20). In ”Noldorin” the word appeared as (”foeir” =) föir, feir (LR:382 s.v. PHOR).

fôr

right

(north), pl. fŷr.

tharn

rigid

(sapless, stiff, withered), pl. thern****

tîr

right

(lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

fuir

adjective. north

@@@ likely from [pʰorja] as suggested by David Salo (GS/255), thus a later version of than feir “right (hand)” with a different phonetic development. In the 2008 version of his Sindarin Dictionary, Didier Willis suggested fair as the Sindarized form of N. feir (HSD/fair), but more recent research indicates that fuir < ✱phorya is more likely, as suggested to me in a private chat by Elaran on 2018-08-26; see the entry on how [[s|[œi] became [ui] or [y]]] in Sindarin for further details.

maw

noun. hand

The Sindarin equivalent of Q. má, likewise derived from the root √MAH or √MAƷ “hand; handle, wield” (PE17/162; VT47/6). However, in Sindarin this word was archaic, used only in poetry, having been replaced in ordinary speech by other words like S. mâb and (less often) cam. Other remnants of this word can be seen in compounds like molif “wrist, (orig.) hand link” and directional words like forvo and harvo for left and right hand side.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, G. mô from the early root ᴱ√MAHA was the normal word for “hand”, replacing mab “hand” (< ᴱ√MAHA) which in this document Tolkien decided was instead an irregular dual form of mô (GL/55). It had also had an irregular plural mabin based on this dual, replacing an older plural †maith. In the Gnomish Grammar, its archaic form was †mâ, with the usual Gnomish sound change of ā to ō (GG/14), as opposed to later Sindarin/Noldorin ā to au, spelt -aw when final. Tolkien seems to have abandoned mô as a non-archaic word for “hand” early on, preferring ᴱN. mab “hand” by the 1920s and introducing N. cam “hand” in the 1930s.

mâb

noun. hand, hand, [N.] grasp

The typical Sindarin word for “hand” (VT47/7, 20), usable in almost any context. It is most notable as an element in the name Mablung “Heavy Hand” (VT47/8). See below for a discussion of its etymology.

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where G. mab “hand” appeared as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√MAPA “seize” (GL/55). Tolkien then revised the gloss to “hands”, saying instead it was an irregular dual of G. mô “hand”. The word reverted to singular ᴱN. mab “hand” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/149). These early versions of the word were already an element of Mablung “Heavy Hand(ed)” (LT2/38; LB/311), but also of Ermabwed “One-handed” (LT2/34; LB/119).

In the 1930s it seems Tolkien decided Ilk. mâb “hand” was primarily an Ilkorin word, and the usual word for “hand” in Noldorin was N. cam. Compare Ilkorin Ermabuin “One-handed” and Mablosgen “Empty-handed” with Noldorin Erchamion and Camlost of the same meaning. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Tolkien had N. mab “grasp” under the root ᴹ√MAPA “seize”, but the version of the entry with that word was overwritten (EtyAC/MAP), leaving only the Ilkorin form mâb. In this period, Mablung may also have been an Ilkorin name.

After Tolkien abandoned Ilkorin in the 1950s, he kept S. Erchamion and Camlost based on cam, but also kept Mablung “Heavy Hand” which must have become Sindarin. In his later writings Tolkien again revisited the etymology of S. mâb “hand”. In a note from Jan-Feb 1968, he wrote:

> It [Q. má = “hand”] did not survive in Telerin and Sindarin as an independent word, but was replaced by the similar-sounding but unconnected C.E. makwā, Q. maqua, T. mapa, S. mab, of uncertain origin, but probably originally an adjectival formation from MAK “strike” ... (VT47/19).

This sentence was struck through, however. In drafts of notes on Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals written in or after 1968, Tolkien again derived mâb from √MAP (VT47/20 note #13), but in the final version of these notes he made the remarkable decision to discard this root despite it being a stable part of Elvish for nearly 50 years, declaring it was used only in Telerin and not Quenya or Sindarin (VT47/7). He coined a new etymology for S. mâb “hand” based on ✶makwā “handful” = ✶mā + ✶kwā (VT47/6-7), a variation on the above etymology from √MAK.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer to ignore Tolkien’s 1968 removal of √MAP “seize”, and so would continue to derive S. mâb “hand” from that root. However, its ancient meaning may have been “✱grasp”, and its eventual use as “hand” might have been influenced by ancient ✶makwā “handful”.

maer

adjective. excellent

_ adj. _excellent. Q. maira admirable, excellent, precious. >> maer-, maeron

rítha-

verb. to try, strive

@@@ this is the proper phonetic evolution of Primitive rikta- assuming vocalization of spirants occurs before a-affection (and in any case, a-affection doesn't apply to verb forms), but because it conflicts with rítha-, Elaran agreed that the neologism rig- might be better

forod

north

#forod (isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

tharn

sapless

tharn (stiff, rigid, withered), pl. thern

tîr

straight

tîr (lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) (right). Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

forod

north

(isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

tharn

sapless

(stiff, rigid, withered), pl. thern****

tîr

straight

(lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) (right). Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

dev-

verb. to try, to try, *experiment, test

forod

noun. north

raitha-

verb. to try, strive

aden

preposition. until

bain

beautiful

bain (fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.

cam

hand

1) cam (i gam, o cham), pl. caim (i chaim), coll. pl. cammath; 2) mâb (i vâb; construct mab), pl. maib (i maib). 3) Archaic †maw (i vaw), pl. moe (i moe). A homophone means ”soil, stain”. (VT47:6) 4) (fist) dond (i dhond; construct don), pl. dynd (i nynd), coll. pl. donnath (VT47:23).

maen

clever

maen (lenited vaen; no distinct pl. form) (skilled) (noun):

rî

wreath

rî (construct ri) (crown, garland), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rî), coll. pl. ríath

rî

crown

rî (construct ri) (wreath, garland), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rî)

bain

adjective. beautiful, fair

bain

beautiful

_ adj. _beautiful. Q. vanya.

cam

noun. hand

camm

noun. hand

for

adjective. north

forod

noun. north

fuir

adjective. north

mab-

noun. a hand-full, complete hand (with all five fingers)

maw

noun. hand

mâb

noun. a hand-full, complete hand (with all five fingers)

nef

preposition. on this side of

raud

excellent

_ adj. _excellent, noble, eminent.

reitha-

verb. to try, strive

rî

noun. crown, wreath, garland

bain

beautiful

(fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.

cam

hand

(i gam, o cham), pl. caim (i chaim), coll. pl. cammath

camlann

of the hand

(i gamlann, o chamlann), pl. cemlain (i chemlain).

crûm

left hand

(i grûm, o chrûm, construct crum), pl. cruim (i chruim), coll. pl. crummath. Also ✱hair (i chair), no distinct pl. form (not even with article). Note: hair is also used = ”left” as adjective. Cited in archaic form heir (LR:365 s.v. KHYAR).

dond

hand

(i dhond; construct don), pl. dynd (i nynd), coll. pl. donnath (VT47:23).

harvo

left hand, left side

pl. harvoe (VT47:6);

maen

clever

(lenited vaen; no distinct pl. form) (skilled)

maw

hand

(i vaw), pl. moe (i moe). A homophone means ”soil, stain”. (VT47:6) 

mâb

hand

(i vâb; construct mab), pl. maib (i maib).

rafn

extended point at the side

(wing, horn), pl. raifn (idh raifn);

rî

wreath

(construct ri) (crown, garland), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rî), coll. pl. ríath

rî

crown

(construct ri) (wreath, garland), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rî)

forma

right hand

forma noun "right hand" (VT47:6). Compare formaitë, forya.

formaitë

righthanded, dexterous

formaitë adj. "righthanded, dexterous" (PHOR, VT49:9, 31). Compare ataformaitë.

forya

right

forya adj. "right" (PHOR), "dexter" (VT46:10)

forma

noun. right-hand

formaitë

adjective. righthanded, dexterous

vanima

adjective. beautiful, fair, beautiful, fair, *handsome; [ᴱQ.] proper, right, as it should be, fair

A word for “beautiful, fair” derived from the root √BAN of similar meaning (PE17/55, 143, 150, 165). Tolkien specified that this word was used “only of living things, especially Elves or Men” (PE17/150). Tolkien further stated that this would did not mean only “fair (blond)”, because it was applicable to Arwen who had dark hair (PE17/165). Thus it applied to any physically beautiful living creature.

Conceptual Development: The first appearance of this word was the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where ᴱQ. {vana >>} vanĭma was glossed “proper, right, as it should be, fair” under the early root ᴱ√VANA (QL/99). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was ᴹQ. vanima “fair” under the root ᴹ√BAN (Ety/BAN). In this document it was the basis for ᴹQ. Vanimo “the Beautiful”, indicating that by the 1930s its base meaning had shifted from “proper” to “beautiful”.

Neo-Sindarin: In the “Neologism of the Day” (NotD) series on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server as posted 2023-05-30, Delle pointed out that this word was not specifically feminine, so could also mean “✱handsome” when applied to males.

téna

straight, right

téna (1) adj. "straight, right" (SD:310; see téra)

téra

straight, right

téra adj. "straight, right" (TEÑ, see TE3; LR:47; in one text Tolkien changed it to téna, SD:310)

formen

noun. north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]

ría

noun. wreath, garland

The word ría “wreath, garland” appeared in the 1968 Shibboleth of Fëanor as a derivative of the root √RIG in a discussion of the etymology of the name Galadriel (PM/347). The same word ría “a wreath, garland” appeared in another 1968 discussion of her name, but there it was based on √RIƷ “wind about, wreathe” (NM/353).

Conceptual Development: In notes from 1959 Tolkien instead had Q. rië “garland” from √RIG “twine” (PE17/182). This in turn was a later iteration of ᴹQ. ríe “crown” from The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶rīgē under the root ᴹ√RIG having to do with crowns (Ety/RIG; EtyAC/RIG). As published in The Lost Road, this word was given rie (LR/383), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne corrected this to ríe in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/11).

The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. serin (serind-) “wreath, crown” under the early root ᴱ√SERE “twine, tie, bind” (QL/83). In the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa it was Serin(do) “crown” (PME/83).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d use the 1968 word ría for “wreathe, garland”, but I’d also retain 1959 rië for its 1930s sense “crown”.

ríë

crown

ríë noun "crown" (RIG; VT46:11 indicates that the vowel í should be long)

arrongo

adverb. right away, promptly, very soon

má

noun. hand

The most common Quenya word for “hand”, which Tolkien usually derived from a root √MAH or √MAƷ “hand; handle, wield”. The weak consonant h or ʒ in the root was lost very early, so that primitive ✶mā was one of a rare set of ancient monosyllabic nouns ending in a vowel. Tolkien said that of the various hand words, má was “the oldest (probably) and the one that retained a general and unspecialized sense — referring to the entire hand (including wrist) in any attitude or function” (VT47/6).

As a part of the body, má “hand” was usually referred to in the singular (má) or dual (mát). This was true when referring to the hands of groups of people as well. For example, to say that “the Elves raised their hands”, you would say either i Eldar ortaner mánta (singular, one hand each) or i Eldar ortaner mántat (dual, both hands each), with the possessive suffix -nta “their”.

The plural form már “hands” (or archaic †mai) was almost never used, in part because it conflicted with Q. már “dwelling”. The singular form was also used in general statements and proverbs: “hand is cleverer than foot” má anfinya epe tál (ná). A collection of otherwise unrelated hands would likely use the partitive-plural form: máli “some hands”, which in this case could also serve as the general plural (VT47/12 Note 2). See the discussions on PE17/161 and VT47/6 for more information.

This word is also unusual in that it retains its long vowel before consonant clusters in inflected forms such as mánta “their hand” (PE17/161) or márya “his/her hand” (PE17/69). As Tolkien described it:

> Lá is usually shortened to la before 2 consonants, according to the usual Q. procedure, but the long vowel can be retained, especially for additional emphasis, as in other cases where pronominal affixes follow a long vowel, as in márya “his hand” (PE22/160).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to ᴱQ. mā “hand” from Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√MAHA “grasp” (QL/57). ᴹQ. má “hand” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√MAƷ “hand” (Ety/MAƷ). Tolkien mentioned this word with great frequency, usually derived from √MAH or √MAƷ (as noted above) though he sometimes considered deriving it from √MAG instead.

tenna

until, up to, as far as

tenna prep. "until, up to, as far as" (CO), "unto" (VT44:35-36), "to the point", "right up to a point" (of time/place), "until", "to the object, up to, to (reach), as far as" (VT49:22, 23, 24, PE17:187), elided tenn' in the phrase tenn' Ambar-metta "unto the ending of the world" in EO, because the next word begins in a similar vowel; cf. tennoio "for ever" (tenna + oio, q.v.) The unelided form appears in PE17:105: Tenna Ambar-metta.

vanima

beautiful, fair

vanima adj. "beautiful, fair" (BAN, VT39:14) (glossed "proper, right, fair" in early "Qenya", LT1:272, though a later source says the word is used "only of living things, especially Elves and Men", PE17:150); nominal pl. vanimar "beautiful ones", partitive pl. genitive vanimálion, translated "of beautiful children", but literally meaning *"of [some] beautiful ones") (LotR3:VI ch. 6, translated in Letters:308). Arwen vanimalda "Beautiful Arwen", literally "Arwen your beauty" (see -lda for reference; changed to Arwen vanimelda in the second edition of LotR; see vanimelda).

cambë

noun. hand, (hollow of) hand

finya

adjective. clever

nev-

verb. to try, to try, *experiment

ric-

verb. to twist

Formen

north

Formen noun "north" (SA:men), also name of tengwa #10 (Appendix E, PHOR, MEN; replacing the rejected form Tormen). In Formenos, place-name "Northern Fortress" (SA:formen). Allative formenna, VT49:26.

Tormen

north

[Tormen] noun "north" (MEN; replaced by Formen, q.v.)

calwa

beautiful

calwa ("k") adj. "beautiful" (LT1:254)

finca

clever

finca adj. "clever" (in petty ways) (PE17:119). A distinct form finca is also mentioned as the cognate of Sindarin fineg, but neither form is clearly glossed. The word-group under consideration has to do with hair(PE17:17).

mairëa

beautiful

mairëa adj. "beautiful" (of things made by art) (PE17:163). An alternative (and peculiar) form "mairia" is also implied in the source.

mennai

until

mennai prep. "until" (VT14:5; in Tolkien's later Quenya rather tenna)

má

noun. hand

hand

má

hand

má noun "hand" (MA3, LT2:339, Narqelion, VT39:10, [VT45:30], VT47:6, 18, 19); the dual "a pair of hands" is attested both by itself as mát (VT47:6) and with a pronominal suffix as máryat "his/her (pair of) hands" (see -rya, -t) (Nam, RGEO:67). The nominative plural form was only máli, not **már (VT47:6), though plurals in -r may occur in some of the cases, as indicated by the pl. allative mannar "into hands" (FS). Mánta "their hand", dual mántat "their hands" (two hands each) (PE17:161). Cf. also the compounds mátengwië "language of the hands" (VT47:9) and Lungumá "Heavyhand" (VT47:19); also compare the adj. -maitë "-handed". See also málimë.

má

noun. hand

mírya

beautiful

mírya adj. "beautiful" (of work of art only) (PE17:165)

nav-

verb. to try

nonda

hand, especially in [?clutching]

nonda noun "hand, especially in [?clutching]" (VT47:23; Tolkien's gloss was not certainly legible)

ría

wreath

ría noun "wreath" (PM:347)

vanima

adjective. beautiful

feir

adjective. right (hand)

forgam

adjective. righthanded

forn

adjective. right or north

feir

noun. right (hand)

forgam

adjective. right-handed

forn

noun. right, north

fœir

noun. right (hand)

tharn

adjective. sapless, stiff, rigid, withered

tîr

adjective. straight, right, straight, right; [G.] upright, honest; esteem, regard, honour

tharn

adjective. sapless, stiff, rigid, withered

tîr

adjective. straight, right

rhî

noun. crown

rian

feminine name. Crown-gift

cam

noun. hand

forod

noun. north

forven

noun. north

taer

adjective. straight

bein

adjective. beautiful, fair

cam

noun. hand

camb

noun. hand

camm

noun. hand

camm

noun. hand

forod

noun. north

forven

noun. north

mō

noun. hand

ON. hand

rhî

noun. crown, wreath, garland

taer

adjective. straight

Written tær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies, rectified here according to VT/46:18 (which also lists the ligature)

forma

noun. right-hand

ría

noun. wreath, garland

camba

noun. hand

mapa

noun. hand

má

noun. hand

izindi

adjective. straight, right, true

An adjective glossed “straight” (SD/247), “right” (VT24/12) and “true” (SD/427), the last of these in the compound izindu-bêth “true-sayer”. This final example is interesting, because the adjective izindi is declined into the objective case.

Conceptual Development: In its first appearance (SD/312), the form of this adjective was ezendi, an impossible form in the later phonetic rules of Lowdham’s Report, since Adûnaic only allowed the long vowel [ē] (SD/423).

pâ

noun. hand

A noun translated “hand”, given as an example of an apparent Adûnaic uniconsonantal noun, which had a biconsonantal-root but lost one of its consonants from its ancient form ✶Ad. paʒa (SD/416, 426).