maiwe

feminine name. Maiwe

Another name for Vána in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s, derived from the root ᴱ√MAẎA (QL/60). Its meaning is unclear, but may be similar to Maiwendi.

mavoine

feminine name. Mavoine

Qenya cognate of Mavwin in the earliest Lost Tales (LT2/70), it is maivoine “great longing” used as a name, according to Christopher Tolkien (LT2A/Mavwin).

mar

masculine name. Mar

Another name for Aule in an very early name list of the Valar (PE14/12). It seems to be mar “Earth” used as a name.

malko

proper name. Malko

A word used as “the vocative used to address a Valu [male Vala]” in a deleted note in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/40). Its intended etymology is unclear.

manwe

masculine name. Manwe

mailin

masculine name. Mailin

Qenya cognate of Meglin in a very early name list (PE13/103-4).

mairu

noun. (horse) mane, flowing hair; charger

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√MAẎA, with the gloss “horse” in parenthesis marked with a “?”, followed by the gloss “mane, flowing hair” (QL/60). In the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa it was glossed “mane; charger”. In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, ᴱQ. mairo was given as the cognate of G. †mair “horse” (GL/56).

maqale

noun. legerdemain, sleight

marin(a)

adjective. ripe, mature

makillar

noun. swordsman

maqile

noun. legerdemain, sleight

mantl

noun. glove

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. mantl “glove” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√MAHA “grasp” that was the basis for hand words (QL/57).

Neo-Quenya: I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. mantal “glove” using the later syllabification of final ḷ: compare to Q. tancal from primitive ✶tankḷ (PE18/100).

makar

masculine name. God of Battle

God of Battle in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/67). His name is derived from the root ᴱ√MAKA “slay” (QL/57), but there was also a “popular etymology” of his name giving it the sense “Red Hand” (GL/18; PE14/13), as a combination of má “hand” and karne “red”.

mardo

noun. dweller

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. mardo “dweller” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, apparently an agental form of ᴱQ. mar “dwelling” (QL/60).

Neo-Quenya: Since Q. mar(da) “dwelling” appears in Tolkien’s later writing (PE17/64, 107), I would keep ᴺQ. mardo “dweller” as well.

mar vanwa tyaliéva

place name. Cottage of the Lost Play

The place where the earliest Lost Tales were told (LT1/14), a combination of mar “dwelling”, vanwa “lost” and the adjectival form of tyalie “play” (LT1A/Mar Vanwa Tyaliéva).

makarnea

masculine name. Red-handed

The “popular” name of the god Makar, appearing in a rejected section in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GL/18), a combination of má “hand”, karne “red” and the adjective suffix -a.

makarnisan

proper name. Saturday

Name of the first Saturday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the god Makar and sana “day”.

makka

noun. slaughter

A word for “slaughter” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√MAKA “slay” (QL/58).

maksa-

verb. to cook

A verb appearing as ᴱQ. maksa- “cook” in the Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√M(B)ASA “cook, bake” (QL/59). A nearby alternate form mark- was added and then deleted.

Neo-Quenya: The root √MBAS continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings, so I would retain ᴺQ. maxa- “cook” for purposes of Neo-Quenya from primitive ✱mbaskā-. The verbal suffix -kā is very unusual, and maxa- might instead be derived from an ancient noun or adjective.

makte

noun. hand

An archaic word for “hand” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√MAHA “grasp” (QL/57). There are no signs of it in Tolkien’s later writings.

maktya-

verb. to kill

A verb for “kill” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, a causative form of ᴱQ. maka- “die” (PE14/58).

malikon

noun. amber

A word appearing as ᴱQ. malikon (malikond-) “amber” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√MALA “yellow” (QL/58; PME/58). Its second element is probably ᴱQ. on(d) “stone” (QL/70). It also had an adjectival form ᴱQ. malikondea “of amber”.

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writings, the root √MAL was tied to “gold”, but I think it could still be the basis for ᴺQ. malicon “amber” and ᴺQ. malicondëa “of amber”.

malo

noun. moth

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. malo “moth” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from primitive ᴱ✶[mal]wǝ under the early root ᴱ√MALA “crush, squeeze, pulp” (QL/58). It had a plural malwi, and in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa it was given the stem form of malu-.

Neo-Quenya: This word conflicts with later words like ᴹQ. malo (malu-) “pollen, yellow powder” (Ety/SMAL) or “rust” (PE21/12; PE15/77), making its continued validity as “moth” rather questionable. However, the only other attested Elvish “moth” word is G. fufril of unclear etymology (GL/36), making it very challenging to adapt to Neo-Quenya. Thus I currently recommend retaining ᴺQ. malo for “moth”, as a derivative of the later root ᴹ√MBAL, but altering its stem form to malo- (< ✱mbalō) to make it more distinct from the “pollen, rust” words.

manimuine

place name. Purgatory

A name for Purgatory in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/58), an elaboration of manimo “holy soul”.

man kiluva lómi sangane?

Who shall see the clouds gather?

The twenty second line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/214). The first word is man “who” followed by the future tense of the verb kili- “to see”. The last two words serve as the object of the phrase: the plural of the noun lóme “cloud” with the “bare stem” infinitive form of the verb sanga- “to gather”, as suggested by Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter (PE16/84, notes on line #10 and #11), apparently functioning as either an active-participle or a verbal object.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> man kil-uva lóm-i sanga-ne = “✱who see-(future) cloud-(plural) gather-ing”

manta

adjective. eaten

An adjective (passive participle?) for “eaten” in Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/142), clearly based on ᴱQ. mat- “eat” (PE16/141).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I think it is safer to stick to the later passive participle form of the verb: ᴺQ. matina “eaten”.

manwisan

proper name. Sunday

Name of the first Sunday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the god Manwe and sana “day”.

maqar

noun. jaw

A noun for “jaw” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√MATA “eat” (QL/59-60).

marasan

proper name. Tuesday

Alternate name of the first Tuesday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of mar “Earth” and sana “day”.

marinne

noun. fruit tree

A word for a “fruit tree” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants marinne and marinde, both elaborations of ᴱQ. marin “(ripe) fruit” (QL/59).

maru

noun. pulp

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “pulp” and derived from the early root ᴱ√MARA “ripe, yellow” (QL/59).

maswa

adjective. soft, cooked, ripe

A word appearing as ᴱQ. {maksa “soft, cooked, done” >>} maswa “soft, cooked, ripe” in the Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√M(B)ASA “cook, bake” (QL/59).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would use the passive participle maxaina “cooked” from the verb ᴱQ. maksa- “cook”.

matsa

adjective. good to eat, nice

An adjective for “good to eat, nice” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s based on ᴱ√MATA “eat” (QL/59).

matsile

noun. bear

A word appearing only as an element in the name ᴱQ. Oromatsile “Great Bear” from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/149). It was a cognate of ᴱN. magli “bear” = “honey-eater”, and hence composed of the same elements: ᴱQ. mata- “eat” and ᴱQ. ile “honey”, where the s appeared because ti became tsi in Early Qenya, so that matile > matsile.

matu

noun. the mouth (inside)

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “the mouth (inside)” derived from the early root ᴱ√MATA “eat”, which Tolkien compared to similarly derived ᴱQ. anto “jaw” (QL/59). Much later, Tolkien used Q. anto for “mouth” (LotR/1123), likely also derived from √MAT “eat”.

maulir

collective name. Trolls

Name for the trolls in a very early name list (PE14/9). Its etymology is unclear, but it might be related to maule “crying, weeping”.

mavar(do)

noun. shepherd

This Early Qenya word for “shepherd” had many variant forms: in some cases the first vowel a was preserved as in māvar (alternately mavar, mavardo or māwar) and in other cases it collapsed onto oa as in moar(do), all derived from the early root ᴱ√MAWA (QL/60, 62). This reflects differing phonetic developments for ancient āwa, awá (> āva, avá) vs ắwa (> oa), as discussed in The Qenya Phonology (PE12/14).

maksar

noun. cook

A word appearing as ᴱQ. maksar “cook” in the Qenya Lexicon based on maksa- “to cook” (QL/59).

Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. maxa- “to cook” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would also retain the noun ᴺQ. maxar “cook” as an agental formation.

mantele

noun. gauntlet

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. mantele “gauntlet” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√MAHA “grasp” that was the basis for hand words (QL/57).

Neo-Quenya: Since √MAH remained the basis for hand words in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain ᴺQ. mantelë “gauntlet” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

marmale

noun. beach

A noun for “beach” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. marma “sand” (QL/63). It was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/63).

mandu

noun. hell; abyss

marilla

noun. pearl

má

noun. hand

mai

adverb. too much

man

pronoun. who

mange

noun. grease

A word for “grease” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived the early root ᴱ√MṆGṆ (QL/62), with syllabic ṇ becoming an [aŋ] which was the most common result in Early Qenya (PE12/10).

mange

noun. lack, want, shortage

manka

adjective. few

manya

noun. butter

marikta

noun. wrist

marma

noun. sand

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “sand”, a derivative of the root ᴱ√MṚŘṚ [MṚÐṚ] (QL/63). The word was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/63). In later writings, ᴹQ. litse was used for “sand” (Ety/LIT).

maska

adjective. dusky, misty

maske

noun. dusk

maivoine

noun. great longing

maka-

verb. to slay; to die

malle

noun. street, road

mandos

place name. Hell

marda

noun. world

masto

noun. village

mavoite

adjective. having hands

maika

adjective. cruel

mailina

adjective. beautiful

maisilanda

noun. sycamore

maisinto

fraction. one thousandth

maisintya

fraction. one thousandth

maite

cardinal. thousand

maite

adjective. handed

makse

noun. net

maksilis

noun. lordship

maksima

adjective. powerful, having possession of or authority over

makte

noun. hold, grip, power, possession

malasta

adjective. tender

maldor

noun. agony

malina

adjective. yellow

malka

adjective. giving pain, hurtful

malkane

noun. torture

malkasta

noun. lordship, province

malke

adjective. rich

malko

noun. lord, sir

malkuvoite

adjective. lordly, noble

malo

noun. rust

mande

adverb. well

mane

adjective. good (moral)

manimo

noun. holy soul

manwa

adjective. ready

manya

adjective. good (not evil)

maptale-lehesta

noun. (robbing) raid

maqa

adjective. handy, skilled (with hands)

mark

noun. ripe juice, sap, ooze, moisture

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “ripe juice, sap, ooze, moisture” and derived from the early root ᴱ√MṚKṚ (QL/63).

marqa

adjective. oozy, juicy, moist

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “oozy, juicy, moist” and derived from the early root ᴱ√MṚKṚ (QL/63).

mart

noun. a piece of luck

marta-

verb. to chance

marto

noun. fortune, fate, lot, luck

masta

noun. bread

mat

noun. meal, meal time

mata-

verb. to eat

matl

noun. food

matsima

adjective. edible

matso

noun. food

mauya-

verb. to cry

mavoisi

noun. chestnut

moa

noun. sheep

mahtar

noun. soldier

mahte

noun. hold, grip, power, possession

maisinya

ordinal. thousandth

maisitto

fraction. one thousandth

maisitya

fraction. one thousandth

maivoita-

verb. to long exceedingly after

mak-

verb. to slay

maksella

noun. mesh

makseta-

verb. to enmesh

maksilistea

adjective. powerful, having possession of or authority over

malda

adjective. tender

malenka

adjective. left handed

malikondea

adjective. of amber

malin(d)

adjective. yellow

malkor

noun. castle

mandor

place name. Hell

manwa-

verb. to prepare

@@@ used in NQNT

maptalesse

noun. rapine

maqalea

adjective. handy, skilled (with hands)

marinde

noun. fruit tree

mat-

verb. to eat

lunde susúlima

proper name. March

A name for the month of March in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/56), a combination of lunde “month” and susúlima “windy”.

aimaksin

noun. martyr (f.)

aimaktu

noun. martyr (m.)

tyulma

noun. mast

aimaktar

noun. martyr (m.)

tyúma

noun. lump, mass

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “lump, mass” and derived from the root ᴱ√TYU (QL/50).

kamanta-

verb. to make eat, give to eat

A verb meaning “to make eat, give to eat” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of some form of ᴱQ. mat- “eat” with the prefix ᴱQ. ka- “cause” (QL/43). It appeared as kamanta- with máta- written below indicating a variant form [ka]máta-.

oilima markirya

The Last Ark

A Quenya poem that Tolkien presented in conjugation with his talk on “A Secret Vice” in 1931 (MC/213-5). The poem itself was written somewhat earlier, and there are ten extant drafts, as discussed in the Early Qenya Poetry article in PE16 (PE16/53-87).

The Qenya text and translation presented here are from the version of the poem on MC/213-5, with each phrase corresponding to a line of the poem. My analysis follows closely after the editors of the Early Qenya Poetry article: Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter (PE16/81-87). Detailed analysis appears in the discussion of individual phrases.

Conceptual Development: As discussed in the Early Qenya Poetry article, there were a number of drafts leading up to the Early Qenya poem presented here. The editors of the article divided the drafts up into two groups, which they label OM1a-g leading up to OM1, and OM2a preceding OM2, the last of these being the version presented here.

The first six drafts, OM1a-f, are clearly incremental developments of the same poem. For the most part, they are additions and refinements on the same text without major modifications. Accompanying the fourth draft (OM1d) is an English translation, which the editors labeled LA1a (PE16/68), which closely matches that iteration of the poem. At this point is seems that Tolkien began to work seperately on the Qenya and English versions of the poem. The next two Qenya drafts, OM1e and OM1f built on OM1d, but the following three English translations, labeled LA2a-c by the editors of the Early Qenya Poetry article (PE16/69-71) diverged into what was essentially an entirely new poem, albeit addressing the same subject matter.

At this point Tolkien produced one final draft based on the original Qenya development, labeled OM1 by the editors, along with a new English translation of that version. The final draft of this version of the poem was published by Christopher Tolkien as the “first version of Oilima Markirya” in an addendum to the “A Secret Vice” essay (MC/220-221).

Tolkien then cleaned up the divergent English poem and translated it back into Qenya, thereby producing a “second version” which he presented in his 1931 talk. There is also one draft of this second version, label OM2a by the editors of the Early Qenya Poetry article (PE16/81), but it is nearly identical to the version appearing with the essay.

I discuss the structure and development of the first version of the poem in a separate entry: Oilima Markirya (First Version), including a discussion of the first six drafts leading up to it: OM1a-f. Note that the seventh draft of the original Qenya poem, labeled OM1g by the editors of the Early Qenya Poetry article (PE16/77), does not match either the first or second versions of the poem, or any of the English translations, and seems to be an experimental bridge between the first and second versions. I labeled that draft as Oilima Markirya (Intermediate Version) and discuss it in its own, seperate entry.

Four decades later, Tolkien produced yet another version of this poem based on his conceptions of the Quenya language towards the end of his life, and this version is discussed in the entry for the Q. Markirya poem.

óma

noun. voice

-mas

suffix. -ton, -by

talka marda

masculine name. Smith of the World

ama

noun. mother

ematte

?. [unglossed]

kulmarin

noun. orange

pelma

noun. pen

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

talma

noun. end

túvima

adjective. acceptable

alda mavoite

chestnut

amaimi

noun. mother

amarto

noun. fate

kormasta

noun. loaf

valma

adjective. powerful

yaima-

verb. to possess

macilquilta

noun. swordbelt

malu-

verb. to devour

tolli kuruvar

place name. Magic Isles

Islands between Valinor and Middle-earth in a very early map, which Christopher Tolkien equated to the Magic Isles (LT1/64, 84-5). This name is a combination of the plural of tol “island” and a plural adjectival form of kuru “magic, wizardry”, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Tolli Kuruvar).

-nu

suffix. masculine suffix

A common masculine suffix in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s in words like varyanu “[male] foreigner”, probably a reduced form of ᴱQ. anu (QL/31) and often paired with its feminine equivalent ᴱQ. -ni.

alas

noun. marble

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. alas (alast-) “marble” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from primitive ᴱ✶ʒalast- (QL/30).

Neo-Quenya: I think this word may be salvageable in Neo-Quenya as ᴺQ. alas, reconceived as a derivative of ᴹ√GALAS “joy, be glad”, perhaps from ᴺ✶galast- originally with the sense “thing pleasant to touch”.

anúre

noun. manliness, masculinity

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. anūre “manliness, masculinity” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. anu “a male” (QL/31). In the entry, this word was predeceded by the definite article i and Tolkien gave it the alternate gloss “concr. men in general”; by this I assume Tolkien mean anúre by itself meant “masculinity”, but with the definite article i anúre meant “men in general”.

Neo-Quenya: For purpose of Neo-Quenya, I would modify this word to ᴺQ. hanúrë, basing it instead on later ᴹQ. hanu “male” (Ety/ƷAN).

indor

noun. master of house

A word for “master of house” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. indo “house” under the early root ᴱ√IŘI [IÐI] “dwell” (QL/43).

lopsi

noun. mare

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “mare”, a feminine variant of ᴱQ. lópa “horse”, both words appearing under the early root ᴱ√LOPO (QL/56).

tessa

noun. maid, maiden

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a maid, maiden” but with no explicit root given (QL/90). It also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “maid”.

tusturin

noun. match

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. tusturin (tusturind-) “match” in the Qenya Lexicon, an elaboration of ᴱQ. tusture “tinder, chips, firewood” (QL/96).

Neo-Quenya: Since I think the word ᴺQ. tusturë “tinder” is salvageable using the Neo-Root ᴺ√TUD, I would likewise salvage ᴺQ. tusturin “match” for the purposes of Neo-Quenya.

verin

adjective. married

An adjective appearing as ᴱQ. verin “married” in the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s, with a stem -nd (PE15/75).

Neo-Quenya: I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. verin “married” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but ignore the stem verind- since suffixal -in is common for adjectives in Tolkien’s later writings, but -ind is not.

anúvie

noun. manhood, doughtyness

A word appearing as ᴱQ. anūvie “manhood, doughtyness” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an abstract noun form of ᴱQ. anūva “doughty” (QL/31).

Neo-Quenya: For purpose of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. hanúvië, basing it instead on later ᴹQ. hanu “male” (Ety/ƷAN).

eldasilqe

noun. maidenhair fern, (lit.) elf tress

A word appearing as ᴱQ. eldasilqe “maidenhair fern, (sea) elf’s tress” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, a combination of ᴱQ. Elda “elf” and ᴱQ. silqe “tree of hair” (QL/35; PME/35).

Neo-Quenya: I would update this word to ᴺQ. eldafindë “maidenhair fern, (lit.) elf tress” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, using the later word findë for “tress”.

ettanu

noun. male cousin

A noun for a male cousin in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants ettani, ettaréro, and ettarendo, masculinized forms of ᴱQ. etta (QL/36), the last two of which incorporate ᴱQ. réro or rendo “kinsman, cousin” (QL/79).

helinqila

adjective. mauve

A word appearing as ᴱQ. helinqila “mauve” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of ᴱQ. helin “pansy” and ᴱQ. -qil(e)a “-hued” (QL/39).

Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. helin “pansy” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would retain ᴺQ. helinquila “mauve” as well.

kalainis

proper name. May

A name for the month of May in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/44), an abstract noun formation from kalaine “serenity, serene”.

lunde kalaina

proper name. May

A name for the month of May in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/56), a combination of lunde “month” and kalain(e)a “serene” similar to another name of this month: Kalainis.

lunde lótea

proper name. May

A name for the month of May in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/56), a combination of lunde “month” and lótea “full of blossom”.

nerea

adjective. manly, stout, brave

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “manly”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. ner “man” (QL/65).

tessara

adjective. maiden, maidenly

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “maiden, maidenly”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. tessa “maiden” (QL/90).

timpínea

adjective. made of spray, full of fine showers, showery (of weather)

A word glossed “made of spray, full of fine showers, showery (of weather)” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. timpine “spray” (QL/92).

vaska

adjective. making a plash or rush

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “making a plash or rush”, derived from the root ᴱ√VASA (QL/100).

via

adjective. male

An adjective in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s glossed “male”, likely related to ᴱQ. vie “teors” [= “✱penis”] (PE16/135).

wanwavoisi

collective name. Manwë and Varda

A collective name for Manwe and Varda in early Valar name lists (LT1A/Súlimo). As suggested by Christopher Tolkien, its first element is likely related to wanwa “great gale”, but the meaning of its second element is unclear.

ki

particle. may; particle of uncertainty

li(n)-

prefix. many

lia(r)

adjective. many

limba

adjective. many

sairina

adjective. magic

vil(de)

noun. matter, business, affair, thing

wende

noun. maiden

wendele

noun. maidenhood

súlimo

masculine name. Manwe

-ndo

suffix. masculine suffix

kondorie

noun. martial ardour

lititinwe

adjective. many-starred

lotession

proper name. May

met

noun. mark, aim, object

ola-

prefix. many

olli

adjective. many

olli-

prefix. many

saratwa

adjective. made of planks

talqina

adjective. made of glass

tolipin

noun. mannikin

tyulme

noun. mast

veniel

noun. mariner

alasta

adjective. of marble, marble

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱQ. alasta “of marble, marble”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. alas (alast-) “marble” (QL/30).

Neo-Quenya: I think it might likewise be used in Neo-Quenya as ᴺQ. alasta, an adjectival form of ᴺQ. alas “marble”.

anai

noun. woman

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s form “woman” with variants anai and anî, a feminine form ᴱQ. anu “a male” (QL/31).

(a)kainusta

noun. wedding, marriage

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “wedding, marriage”, a noun form of the verb ᴱQ. (a)kainu- “to wed” (QL/46).

aris

noun. daughter, maid

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “daughter, maid”, a feminine variant of ᴱQ. ar “child” (QL/32). It is also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “daughter” (PME/32).

lintitinwe

adjective. having many stars, many-starred

An adjective appearing as ᴱQ. lintitinwe “having many stars” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with initial element ᴱQ. li(n)- “many” and final element ᴱQ. tinwe “star” along with a bit of reduplication as was common with this prefix (QL/53, 92). It appeared as lititinwe “many-starred” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/53), either a slip or a reduction of the prefix to li-.

nyél

noun. woman

A word for “woman” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s with stem form nyel-, as indicated by its accusative nyela (PE16/135). Its etymology is unclear; Patrick Wynne and Christopher Gilson suggested it might be connected to the early root ᴱ√NYEHE “weep” or later root ᴹ√NYEL “ring, sing”, but these both feel like stretches to me.

tessare

noun. little maid

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “little maid”, a diminutive form of ᴱQ. tessa “maiden” (QL/90).

ektar

noun. swordsman

kara-

verb. to do, make

nî

noun. woman

sesta-

verb. to liken, compare, make like, model on, assimilate, imitate

velitya-

verb. to magnify

vildi-

verb. to matter; to be of significance, worth, moment

anî

noun. woman

asesta-

verb. to liken, compare, make like, model on, assimilate, imitate

enya

noun. device, method, trick; machine, engine

kamáta-

verb. to make eat, give to eat

navillo

noun. whisper, hint, suspicion, rumour, malicious comment, innuendo

nyas

noun. scratch, score, line, mark

qinya

adjective. female

rípe

noun. line, margin, bank of stream, edging of grass, border

veringwi

noun. husband and wife, married pair

moalin

noun. sheepfold

The word ᴱQ. moalin “sheepfold” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, perhaps a combination of ᴱQ. moa “sheep” and lin “many” (QL/60).

Neo-Quenya: Damien Bador adapted this word as ᴺQ. mámalin using the later word Q. máma for “sheep”.

sairu

adjective. magical

anúva

adjective. doughty

A word appearing as ᴱQ. anūva “doughty” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. anu “a male” (QL/31).

Neo-Quenya: For purpose of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. hanúva “doughty, ✱manly”, basing it instead on later ᴹQ. hanu “male” (Ety/ƷAN).

aldare

noun. wood

A word glossed “wood” in the margins of Tolkien’s notes on The Creatures of the Earth from the 1910s, clearly an elaboration ᴱQ. alda “tree” as suggested by Patrick Wynne and Christopher Gilson (PE14/7).

haruni

noun. grandmother

The word ᴱQ. haruni “grandmother” appeared in both the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s (QL/39; PME/39). It is a combination of ᴱQ. haru “grandfather” with the female suffix -ni. As there are no other alternatives, I would retain ᴺQ. haruni “grandmother” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

mella

noun. girl

A word for “girl” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√MELE “love”, but Tolkien marked it with a “?” (QL/60). The same word did appear in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, however (PME/60).

mingwe

noun. butter

The word for “butter” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s was ᴱQ. manya derived from the early root ᴱ√MṆGṆ (QL/62) with the cognate G. mang “butter” from the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/56). A similar form ᴱQ. mingwe “butter” appeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/141, 145), along with an unrelated form ᴱQ. úle “butter” that also appeared as an adjective in the phrase masta {mingwea >>} úlea]] “bread and butter” (PE16/141). In contemporaneous Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, the Qenya word for “butter” was ᴱQ. telpe rather than having its usual meaning “silver” as in earlier and later writings (PE13/154).

Neo-Quenya: Of these forms, I prefer ᴺQ. manya for “butter” for purposes of Neo-Quenya since it has the clearest (Neo-Sindarin) cognate ᴺS. mang. I assume these words are derived from a Neo-Root ᴺ√MANGYA where ngy became ng in (Old) Sindarin but became ndy in Quenya and then developed into ny.

mána

adjective. dead

An adjective for “dead” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s based on the verb ᴱQ. maka- “die” (PE14/58).

narka

adjective. dead

An adjective for “dead” implied by the stative formation narkea “is dead” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/140), perhaps connected to some precursor of √NDAK “slay”.

poldórien

proper name. Sunday

Name of Sunday in the seven-day week of the Elves (otsola) in an early word list (PE14/21). The day was related to manhood and strength, and was probably derived from poldor “strength”.

saike

noun. hunger

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. saike (saiki-) “hunger” in the Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√SAẎA (QL/82). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, the Qenya word for “hunger” was instead saiste (PE13/147).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would retain the noun ᴺQ. saicë “hunger” based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√SAYAK, but only as an archaic word so I could justify the retention of various famine-related words like ᴺQ. saicelë. For normal speech I would assume ᴺQ. maitië is the ordinary word for “hunger”, a noun form of the adjective Q. maita “hungry” from around 1960.

saiqa

adjective. hungry

An adjective appearing as ᴱQ. saiqa “hungry” in the Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√SAẎA (QL/82). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, the Qenya word for “hungry” was instead saisa, though its Early Noldorin equivalent ᴱQ. haib seems to indicate primitive ✱saikwā (PE13/146).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would retain the adjective ᴺQ. saiqua “hungry” based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√SAYAK, but only as an archaic word so I could justify the retention of related words like ᴺS. saeb “hungry”. For normal speech I would assume Q. maita “hungry” is the ordinary word for “hungry” (VT39/11).

sar-

verb. to write

A verb appearing as ᴱQ. sar- “write” in Early Qenya Word-lists from the 1920s. Hints at its later validity may be seen in Q. sarat, the names of the letters in the Sarati alphabet, and the root √SAR “score, incise; write”, both mentioned in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60.

Neo-Quenya: Most Neo-Quenya writers use [ᴹQ.] tec- as the ordinary word for write, given its obvious association to Q. tehta and Q. tengwa. One of the challenges with sar- for “write” is that in Tolkien’s later writings, √SAR is also associated with “stone”, as in S. sarn/Q. sar “(small) stone”. In a discussion on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) in April 2022, Röandil suggested restoring ᴺQ. sar- with the sense “to mark (i.e. by incision), notch, score; (by later extension) to write”. Based on this I invented the following (fan-based) etymology:

Given its derivatives, it seems likely that √SAR is associated with stone but also with marks, probably originally marks in stone but generalized from there to marks on other substances. From this sar- was used as the basis for the earliest system of writing, both as a verb and in the name sarati. However, with the introduction of Feanor’s tengwar alphabet, this word no longer seemed suitable for as a general writing word, and was displaced by tec-, originally also meaning “make a mark”, but not specifically associated with stone.

Since tec- now usually meant “write”, the archaic sense “mark, score” was restored to sar-. This was aided by the fact that sar- was primarily a transitive verb, and used some awkward constructions. In particular, with the verb sar-, the direct object was always the thing written on, rather than the thing written. Thus with sar-, the proper way to say “write a sentence on paper” was actually sare hyalin quettalénen “write [on] paper with a sentence [instrumental]”, a construction that still survives, though now somewhat archaic. Meanwhile, the direct object of tec- is the thing written, so one would say tece quettale hyalinesse “write a sentence on paper”.

Note that this last construction [sare hyalin quettalénen] is inspired by Tolkien’s usage of the ᴱQ. verb teke- from the 1910s (QL/90), and essentially reverses of the Early Qenya paradigm of the 1910s and 20s, switching the roles of tek- and sar-. There is no evidence that the above Neo-Quenya discussion matches Tolkien’s own thoughts on the subject, so it should be considered “etymological fan-fiction”.

tunda-

verb. to kindle

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “kindle” with variants tunda- and turu- (the latter marked † as archaic), appearing under the early root ᴱ√TUŘU [TUÐU] of the same meaning (QL/96).

turwa

adjective. powerful

An adjective for “powerful” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TURU “am strong” (QL/96).

Neo-Quenya: Since √TUR remains connected to power in Tolkien’s later writings, I’d retain this word for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but I’d use it for general or abstract forms of potency, as opposed to being physically powerful (turca or [ᴹQ.] poldórea) or politically powerful (túrëa). For example: turwa nus “a powerful smell” or turwa vangwe “a powerful storm”.

ka

?. [unglossed]

yaim-

verb. to possess

(a)kainu-

verb. to wed

A verb for “to wed” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants kainu- and akainu- under the early root ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell”, so perhaps originally meaning “✱to come to lie together”, but Tolkien marked the entire entry with a “?” (QL/46).

falmo

noun. foam

kulu

noun. gold

máne

noun. spirit of the air

olóre

noun. dream

(m)ambe

noun. mother

-ion

suffix. -son

ainu

noun. a (pagan) God

ambi

noun. mother

amis

noun. mother

anto

noun. jaw

indo

noun. house

A word for “house” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√IŘI [IÐI] “dwell” (QL/43). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/43).

ista-

verb. to know

karne

adjective. red

kauta-

verb. to bend

kondor

noun. warrior

korne

noun. loaf

A word appearing as ᴱQ. korne “loaf” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√KORO “be round, roll” (QL/48), likely referring to the round or cylindrical shape of a loaf.

Neo-Quenya: Since √KOR “round” survived in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain ᴺQ. cornë “loaf” as well.

kuluina

adjective. golden

kuruvar

noun. wizard

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

mimbe

noun. flesh

A word for “flesh” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√MIMI (QL/61).

moar(do)

noun. shepherd

máka

adjective. each, every

mále

noun. ability

málos

noun. forest

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s given as the cognate of G. goloth “forest”, derived from primitive ᴱ✶ŋgua-aloþ- (GL/41). This is likely a combination of ᴱ✶ŋu̯a “together” and some elaboration of the root ᴱ√ALA “spread”, the basis of “tree” words, so probably originally “✱together spread(ing)” or something to that effect.

nat

noun. thing

neldor

noun. beech

níva

adjective. pale

puse

noun. puff

rato

adverb. soon

súme

?. [unglossed]

talqe

noun. glass

taure

noun. forest

tekta-

verb. to write

tenka

noun. pen

tinwe

noun. star

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

valwe

masculine name. Valwe

Father of Lindo in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/16). The meaning of this name is unclear.

vea

noun. sea

ya(n)

conjunction. and

yó

noun. son

úle

noun. butter

-issa

suffix. language

-qet(se)

suffix. language

-yon

suffix. -son

aile

noun. beach

alle

?. [unglossed]

ambarta

adjective. fated

ambe

noun. mother

ambo

noun. hill

ammi

noun. mother

amun

noun. hill

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

angwe

?. [unglossed]

anwe

?. [unglossed]

aqa-

verb. to seize

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

aulisan

proper name. Tuesday

Name of the first Tuesday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the god Aule and sana “day”.

ausi-

prefix. well

ausie

noun. wealth

aute

adjective. rich

auvar

masculine name. Wealth

A Qenya name for G. Ausir in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/33), also appearing as Autar and replacing rejected Avar/Avas.

dachen

adjective. slain

eant

?. [unglossed]

eksiqilta

noun. swordbelt

ektaqilta

noun. swordbelt

ekte

noun. sword

el

adverb/adjective. one

enqe

preposition. without

erefainu

noun. release

erevainu

noun. release

fan

noun. dog

fanwe

noun. dream

A noun for “dream” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√FANA (QL/37). It reappeared unglossed in the phrase ᴱQ. fanwen tollillon lómealloi appearing in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, apparently meaning “✱a dream from the gloomy islands” (PE16/147).

fatanyu

place name. Hell

Qenya name for G. Inthanfog “Hell” (GL/51). In might be a compound of Fâ “Lowest Air” and some form of tan(y)a “fire”, since its Gnomish equivalent contains G. Tanfa “hot air of the deep places”.

finde

noun. cunning

findil

noun. tress

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

finie

noun. cunning

fion

noun. son

A word glossed {“nephew” >>} “son” in an isolated entry of the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with stem form fiond- (QL/37). The same word appeared unglossed under the early root ᴱ√SUẈU where it was derived from primitive ᴱ✶þẉ-iı̯on-d (QL/87).

fuinen

proper name. Tuesday

Name of Tuesday in the seven-day week of the Elves (otsola) in an early word list (PE14/21). The day was related to death and sorrow, and was probably derived from Fui, a name of the Goddess Nienna.

fuiyáru

noun. deadly nightshade

hen

noun. eye

herendo

noun. brother

A word for “brother” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with numerous variants: herendo or herēro, hestaner, and hesta(noi)nu, all based on the early root ᴱ√HESE that was the basis for “brother” and “sister” words (QL/40). Of these Tolkien said herendo/herēro was the “ordinary word”, and herendo appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/40).

heru

noun. lord

heru-

verb. to rule

heréro

noun. brother

hestaner

noun. brother

hestanoinu

noun. brother

hestanu

noun. brother

hilmo

noun. son

hilu

noun. son

A word for “son” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants hilu and hilmo under the early root ᴱ√HILI (QL/40), both variants also appearing in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/40).

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

histe

noun/adjective. dusk

hoiye

noun. foam

A noun in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s glossed “foam” (PE16/136). Its etymology is unclear.

hosta

noun. folk

huan

noun. dog

@@@ reflects older sw- > hu-

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

hére

noun. lordship

intya

?. [unglossed]

ion

noun. son

In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. Ion was the “mystic name of God, 2nd Person of Blessed Trinity”, that is the “Son” in the “Father, Son, Holy Ghost” trinity (QL/43). In that document yon or yond- was given in a couple of places as (archaic?) words for “son” (QL/43, 106). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, Tolkien gave ion as the equivalent of ᴱN. gó “son”, along with a plural form yondi (PE13/113). However, in the English-Qenya Dictionary Tolkien said yondi was an irregular plural form of ᴱQ. yondo “son” (PE15/77), and this is the form he typically used in later writings.

irya

noun. wish

isqa

adjective. wise

isqalea

adjective. clever

iswa

adjective. wise

kante

noun. edge

kolume

noun. body

A word for “body” in notes on parts of the body from the 1920s (PE14/117).

kor

noun. war

kosar

noun. soldier

kuluksa

adjective. golden

kululta

adjective. of gold

kuluva

adjective. of gold

kuluvoite

adjective. golden

kâ

noun. jaw

kémisan

proper name. Sunday

Name of the second Sunday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the goddess Kémi and sana “day”.

laiqasse

noun. greenness

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

laiwa

adjective. pale

laksa

noun. tress

lantanwa

adjective. [unglossed]

las

noun. [unglossed]

laurea

adjective. golden

laurina

adjective. golden

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

listya-

verb. to bless

loime

noun. thirst

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “thirst” under the early root ᴱ√LOYO (QL/56).

loimea

adjective. thirsty

loire

adjective. thirsty

lomba

adjective. secret

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

lukso

noun. mud

The word ᴱQ. lukso (luksu-) appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with the gloss “mud” as a derivative of the root ᴱ√LUKU (QL/56).

Neo-Quenya: The root √LUK had other meanings in Tolkien’s later writings. However, the later root √LOG “wet (and soft), soaked, swampy” seems to be similar in sense to early ᴱ√LUKU, so this word for “mud” might be salvaged as a neologism: ✱log-sō > lokso > ᴺQ. loxo.

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

mel(i)na

adjective. dear

meoi

noun. cat

meril

noun. flower

A word for a “flower(s)” in the name ᴱQ. Meril-i-Turinqi “Queen of Flowers” (LT1/16; GL/46).

Conceptual Development: In Tolkien’s later writing, S./N. {Beril >>} Meril was used for the name “Rose”.

mild(i)-

verb. to pound

milkin

noun. wealth

min-

verb. [unglossed]

minya

ordinal. first

mir

cardinal. one

mul(u)-

verb. to grind

A verb appearing as ᴱQ. mul- “grind” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√MULU “grind (fine)” (QL/63). In a nearby comparative list of roots it was given as mulu- “grind”.

Neo-Quenya: The 1968 word Q. mulë “meal” (PE17/115) indicates ✱√MUL survived in Tolkien’s later writing, so I would retain ᴺQ. mul- “to grind” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

málea

adjective. able

máye

adverb. too much

nauto

noun. [unglossed]

nawa-

verb. [unglossed]

nekka

noun. pen

nesta-

verb. to feed

The verb ᴱQ. nesta- “feed” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√NESE “give to feed; feed, pasture; graze” (QL/66). It has past forms nēse and nesse, indicating a close relationship to the verb ᴱQ. nese- “graze, pasture, give to feed, feed” from the same root, which likely would have had the same or similar past-tense forms.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would combine both these early verbs into ᴺQ. nesta- “to graze, pasture, give to feed, feed”, derived from the Neo-Root ᴺ√NES.

neta

noun. thing

nierme

?. [unglossed]

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

no

preposition. under

nu

preposition. under

nyara

noun. tale

nyéna-

verb. to lament

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

ohta

noun. war

ohtar

noun. warrior

olor

noun. dream

orme

noun. tree

orne

noun. tree

oro

noun. hill

oron

noun. hill

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

poita-

verb. to cleanse

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

qalmisan

proper name. Tuesday

Name of the second Tuesday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of qalme “death” and sana “day”.

qalna

adjective. dead

ralle

?. [unglossed]

ruella

noun. village

ráqa

adjective. rough

saile

noun. [unglossed]

sainen

proper name. Saturday

Name of Saturday in the seven-day week of the Elves (otsola) in an early word list (PE14/21). The day was related to fire and metals, and was probably derived from sá “fire”.

saisa

adjective. hungry

saiste

noun. hunger

salistina

adjective. blessed

salistya-

verb. to bless

saqa-

verb. [unglossed]

sauke

?. [unglossed]

sauve

noun. sheep

silde

noun. daughter

sinda

noun. eye

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

sivilda

?. [unglossed]

sorakte

noun. beach

A word glossed “beach, etc.” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of the prefix ᴱQ. so- “together” with ᴱQ. rakte “pile, heap” (QL/85). It was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/85).

sorin

noun. throne

sui

noun. daughter

súlisan

proper name. Sunday

Alternate of the first Sunday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of súlime “wind” and sana “day”, replacing rejected Taimósi (probably from taime “sky”).

tahorme

noun. mountain

talarin

adjective. [unglossed]

tampo

noun. well

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱQ. tampo “a well”, derived from the root ᴱ√TṂPṂ “build”; Tolkien considered transferring the word to ᴱ√TAPA “✱stretch” (QL/93). This word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/93).

Neo-Quenya: I think ᴺQ. tampo “well” might be salvaged in Neo-Quenya as a derivative of √TAM “construct”; it is used this way in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

tantilta-

verb. [unglossed]

taorme

noun. mountain

taurie

noun. forest

telpe

noun. butter

A Qenya word for “butter” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s from primitive ᴱ✶t’lḗpe (PE13/154), a temporary repurposing of the form usually used for “silver”, which in this document was ᴱQ. telqe from primitive ᴱ✶kelekwé (PE13/140).

tirin

place name. Tower

Name of Ingil’s tower in the earliest Lost Tales (LT2/5), it is simply tirin “tower” used as a name (LT1A/Kortirion).

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

toro-

verb. to bake

toron

?. [unglossed]

tu

pronoun. he

tuksainen

cardinal. thousand

tuksainenya

ordinal. thousandth

tuksa kainen

cardinal. thousand

tultárie

adjective. [unglossed]

turu-

verb. to kindle

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

tyukta-

verb. to chew

tyuku-

verb. to chew

A verb appearing as ᴱQ. tyuku- “to chew” with variant tyukta- in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√TYUKU of the same meaning (QL/50).

Neo-Quenya: I’d retain this verb as ᴺQ. tyuc- “chew” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, derived from the Neo-Root ᴺ√TYUK.

tyusse

noun. sand

A word for “sand” from Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/139). Its etymology is unclear, and none of the words from this period with similar forms seem to be related.

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

tókele

noun. handling

túrea

adjective. mighty

uilosse

noun. foam

A (rejected) noun in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s glossed “foam” (PE16/139). Its etymology is unclear.

umpai

?. [unglossed]

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

usult

?. [unglossed]

va-

prefix. together

vakse

noun. sale

vaktele

noun. trade

valkane

noun. torture

valle

?. [unglossed]

vande

adverb. well

vanko

noun. wares

vat

noun. wares

vestale

noun. wedding

vilisse

noun. spirit

vingwe

?. [unglossed]

vondo

noun. son

vô

noun. son

warda

adjective. dead

An adjective for “dead” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√GWṚÐṚ “die” (QL/104), given as a cognate to G. gwarth “dead (only of persons)” in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/44).

warda-

verb. to rule

wasta-

verb. to dwell

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as wastar “I dwell” under the early root ᴱ√ẆAÐA of the same meaning (QL/102).

wasto

noun. village

yan

conjunction. when

yarendilyon

noun. sailor

yaule

noun. cat

yava-

verb. to hold

yavanna

feminine name. Yavanna

yon

noun. son

yu

?. [unglossed]

âmi

noun. mother

íle

noun. star

ô

preposition. from

kainu-

verb. to wed

qirme

noun. cream

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. qirme “cream” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√QIŘI [QIÐI] (QL/77).

Neo-Quenya: I would retain this word as ᴺQ. quirmë “cream” for purposes of Neo-Quenya based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√KWIR “stir”.