le

pronoun. you (plural)

le

preposition. with (accompaniment)

le·tul

le·tul

le·tulil (en)

le·tulil (en)

lenqelénu

noun. (daddy) long-legs

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as lenqelēnu “long-legs” or atta lenqelēnu “daddy-long-legs”, a combination of ᴱQ. lenk (lenq-) “limb” and ᴱQ. -lénu “long” (QL/53).

lenka

adjective. slow, dull, stiff; left (hand)

lerendi

noun. brotherhood, association, college

leste-

verb. to collect (tr.)

lemindea

adjective. quintuple

letinwesse

noun. constellation

A word appearing as ᴱQ. letinwesse “constellation” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with initial element ᴱQ. le “with” (QL/52), along with ᴱQ. tinwe “star” and the abstract noun suffix ᴱQ. -sse.

Neo-Quenya: Since all these elements survived in later iterations of Quenya with basically the same meanings, I think ᴺQ. letinwessë can be used as-is in Neo-Quenya despite its age.

lé

noun. a sward, glade

A noun glossed “a sward, glade” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s given as a cognate of (the noun form of) G. lech “smooth place; slide”, thus derived from the same base leχ- [✱ᴱ√LEHE] as similar words (GL/53).

lenk

noun. limb

A word appearing as ᴱQ. lenk (lenq-) “limb” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√LEQE (QL/53).

Neo-Quenya: From a post on 2024-12-22 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), Arael suggested adapting this word as ᴺQ. lenquë “limb”, derived as a nasal-infixed form of a Neo-Root ᴺ√LEKW✱.

lepsa

noun. liver

ᴱQ. lepsa “liver” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√LEFE (QL/52). The contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon had (unglossed) lipsa, in keeping with the revision G. elf >> G. ilf “heart” (GL/50).

Neo-Quenya: I’d retain ᴺQ. lepsa “liver” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

lenu-

verb. to stretch

A verb glossed “stretch” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√LENE “long” (QL/53).

lehesta

noun. ride, riding, raid

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. lehesta “riding, raid” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s (PE14/45, 75). In the contemporaneous English-Qenya Dictionary, it was lehesta or lehtasta “ride” based on the verb ᴱQ. lehe or lehta “ride” (PE16/132).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would update the noun to ᴺQ. nortasta “a ride” based on the later verb Q. norta- “to ride”. For “riding” as a general activity I would just use the gerund nortie.

lehta-

verb. to ride, move (tr.)

This verb first appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s in its root form ᴱ√LEHE “come, be sent, approach”, with a past tense lenge (QL/52). At this point its Qenya stem form is probably something like ᴱQ. ✱lé-, since “h ... between vowels > ɣ > vanished” in the early Qenya of the 1910s (PE12/18). The English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s had a similar verb ᴱQ. lehe- or ᴱQ. lehta- “ride”. See the entries for √LEN and √LED for later iterations of these roots.

lekte-

verb. to join together, dovetail, fit in, splice

A verb appearing as ᴱQ. {lekta- >>} lekte- “join together, dovetail, fit in, splice” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√LEQE (QL/53).

lep-

verb. to take

A verb appearing in Qenya Verb Forms from the 1910s as ᴱQ. lep- “take” (PE14/28), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√LEPE having to do with fingers (QL/53).

Neo-Quenya: This root was still the basis for finger-words in Tolkien’s later writings, and in notes from the late 1960s, √LEP was glossed “pick (up/out) with the fingers” (VT47/24). As such I would retain this as the verb for “take”, but more specifically “take (with fingers)” so closer in meaning to “✱pick, pluck”.

lepsile

noun. tendril

A word appearing as ᴱQ. lepsilẹ “tendril” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√LEPE having to do with finger words (QL/53). The under-dotted ẹ also appears in the word ᴱQ. līnẹ under the root ᴱ√LI+ya, and so might represent a stem ending in a vocalized y, such as: ✱lepsilyǝ, līnyǝ > lepsilı̯-, līnı̯- > lepsile, līne.

Neo-Quenya: Since √LEP was still associated with finger words in Tolkien’s later conceptions of the languages, I’d retain ᴺQ. lepsilë “tendril” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

leqet

noun. joint

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s gloss “joint” under the early root ᴱ√LEQE (QL/53).

lese-

verb. to come together, gather (intr.)

Verbs in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as intransitive ᴱQ. lese- “come together, gather” and transitive ᴱQ. leste- “collect”, both under the early root ᴱ√LESE “collect” (QL/53).

lev-

verb. to move (intr.)

An intransitive verb appearing as ᴱQ. lev- “(intr.) move” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, versus transitive ᴱQ. lehta- “[cause to] move” (PE16/132). The editors suggested it was likely related to the early roots ᴱ√ELE “drive, push, thrust” and ᴱ√LEHE “come, be sent, approach” (QL/52).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I retain ᴺQ. lev- “move” for the sense “move but not necessarily in a particular direction”, as opposed to men- “move in some direction = go”. For example, Helge Fauskanger used lev- this way in his NQNT (NQNT). However, not all Neo-Quenya writers are comfortable with this 1920s word, and they use men- “go, move” for both these senses.

lea

adjective. smooth, slippery

lemin

cardinal. five; (lit.) half the fingers

lempe

cardinal. ten

leuke

adjective. sick, ill; pallid, wan

leume

noun. sickness

lenwa

adjective. long and thin, straight, narrow

lea-

prefix. *your; 2nd pl. possessive

lelko

pronoun. you (emphatic plural familiar)

lemindóra

cardinal. *five million

lemindóre

cardinal. *quintillion

leminkainen

cardinal. fifty; twenty three

leminto

fraction. one fifth

lemintya

fraction. one fifth

lempe

fraction. one half

lempe

noun. crook, hook

lempea

adjective. half

lempea

adjective. decimal

lenkea

cardinal. fifteen

lenya

adjective. half

lepta

noun. finger

lepta

adjective. hooked (as a tendril)

lesta

noun. gathering, assembly

let

noun. finger

lehe-

verb. to ride

lehtasta

noun. ride

lelya

pronoun. *your (emphatic possessive plural)

lemillume

adverb. *five times

leminkaiya

ordinal. fifteenth

leminkea

cardinal. fifteen

leminya

ordinal. fifth

lempe

cardinal. five

lempessea

adjective. tenfold

lemya

adjective. half

lenuva

adjective. tight, narrow

núle

noun. lead

A word appearing as ᴱQ. NÛLE (núli-) “lead” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√NULU (NULU).

malenka

adjective. left handed

maqale

noun. legerdemain, sleight

maqile

noun. legerdemain, sleight

laulesta-

verb. to lead a life, gain a living

A verb appearing as {laumeta- or laumesta- >>} ᴱQ. lausta- or laulesta- “lead a life, gain a living” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. laule “mode of life” (QL/52).

Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. laulë, I’d also retain ᴺQ. laulesta- for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

peler

noun. fence

saile

noun. [unglossed]

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

alle

?. [unglossed]

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

ralle

?. [unglossed]

valle

?. [unglossed]

kalar

noun. lettuce

A word appearing as ᴱQ. kalar “lettuce” in Early Qenya Phonology of the 1920s derived from primitive ᴱ✶karase (PE14/70), where the final s became z and then r, after which the medial r dissimilated to l.

Neo-Quenya: The dissimilations in later Quenya were different, with the medial r preventing the z from becoming r and instead dissimilating it back to s (PE19/73). As such, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. caras “lettuce” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, which also has the advantage of differentiating it from Q. calar “lamp”. Note that the stem for this word would also be caras- rather than the usual carar- due to the same dissimulative forces.

kampo

masculine name. Leaper

A name for Earendel appearing in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/45).

kanu

noun. lead

A word appearing as ᴱQ. kanu “lead” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√KANA (QL/44). It was also identified as the source of the k in the name of the magical metal ᴱQ. Tilkal (LT1/100).

Neo-Quenya: I retain ᴺQ. canu “lead [metal]” for purposes of Neo-Quenya as there are no better alternatives in Tolkien’s later writings.

oilima ailinello lúte

leave the last shore

The second line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/213). The first word is oilima “last” followed by the ablative form of the noun ailin “shore”, a modifying-phrase of the verb lutu- “to sail” in the aorist tense, loosely translated “leave” in the poem.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> oilima ailin-ello lúte = “✱last shore-from sail [leave]”

teket

noun. letter

@@@ used for “letter (epistola)” in NQNT

tult

noun. leg of chair, etc.

A noun in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “leg of chair, etc.” derived from the early root ᴱ√TḶPḶ (QL/93).

haloite

adjective. leaping

The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had an adjective ᴱQ. kapalima “bounding, leaping” under the early root ᴱ√KAPA “leap, spring” (QL/45). It also had ᴱQ. haloite “leaping” under the early root ᴱ√HALA (QL/39).

Neo-Quenya: Neither of these early words work for purposes of Neo-Quenya, since -ima means “able to done” in Tolkien’s later writings and the root √KHAL changed in meaning. I would blend these into ᴺQ. capaitë “leaping, bounding”, as combination of [ᴹQ.] kap- “jump” with the suffix -itë “apt to do”.

kanuva

adjective. leaden

A word appearing as ᴱQ. kanuva “leaden”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. kanu “lead” (QL/44).

Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. canu “lead [metal]” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would retain ᴺQ. canuva “leaden” as well.

lapatl

noun. leveret

A word for a “leveret” (young hare) in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, based on ᴱQ. lapatte “rabbit” (QL/51).

lasse

noun. leaf; petal

latsina

adjective. level, smooth

patl

noun. leaf (esp. of book)

pelko

noun. leg

me·tulil enno

let us come

teketta

noun. letter

halta-

verb. to leap

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “to leap” under the early root ᴱ√HALA (QL/39). In Tolkien’s later writings √KHAL instead meant “raise up” and was the basis for words like halla “tall” (PE17/184).

lassea

adjective. with leaves, leafy

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “with leaves, leafy”, an adjective form of ᴱQ. lasse “leaf” (QL/51).

Neo-Quenya: Since both lassë “leaf” and the adjective suffix -ëa survived in Tolkien’s later writing, I would retain ᴺQ. lassëa “with leaves, leafy” for purposes of Neo-Quenya. It also appeared in Q. lillassëa “having mean leaves” from the 1960s (MC/223).

erefainu

noun. release

A noun(?) in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “release” as combination of ᴱQ. ere- “out” and ᴱQ. fainu- “to release” (QL/36). Tolkien said that “f [was] retained because of cpd. sense”, in other words intervocalic f did not become v as it usually did in Early Qenya (PE12/20) because it was part of a recognized compound. This word also had a variant erevainu where the intervocalic change did occur.

enqe

noun. plane, level

fainu-

verb. to release

kap-

verb. to jump, leap

kapalima

adjective. bounding, leaping

kapta-

verb. to leap

kos

noun. quarrel, dispute, the matter disputed, legal action

lunga(na)-

verb. to sag, bend (down), hang heavy, lean

minda-

verb. to diminish, fade, lessen, vanish

nyara

noun. tale

nóva

adjective. ahead, foremost, leading

alildon ornin lassevarnen

?leaf-brown trees grow

erevainu

noun. release

kapa-

verb. to jump, leap

lausta-

verb. to lead a life, gain a living

nyarie

noun. fable, story, legend

palanka

adjective. even, flat, level

palanta

adjective. even, flat, level

paluva

adjective. even, flat, level

palwa

adjective. even, flat, level

papta

noun. *leaf

paptaqelasta

noun. fall, *leaf dying

apte

adjective. open

An adjective in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “open” under the early root ᴱ√AFA “open, begin” (QL/29).

er-

verb. to remain

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s implied by its present erin “remains” and past ēre, both under the early root ᴱ√ERE “remain alone” (QL/36).

ere-

verb. to go

A deleted verb in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s with present form ere “goes” and past tense erne “went”, perhaps based on the early root ᴱ√ERE [EÐE] “out” as suggested by the editors (PE16/133).

esta-

verb. to send

A deleted verb glossed “send” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, perhaps based on the early root ᴱ√ERE/ESE [EÐE] “out” as suggested by the editors (PE16/133).

kapanda

noun. jump

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. kapanda “a jump” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√KAPA “leap, spring” (QL/45).

Neo-Quenya: Since ᴹ√KAP “leap” survived in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain ᴺQ. capanda “jump” as well for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

lin

noun. snake

A word for “snake” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with a stem form of {linge- >>} ling- (QL/54).

meril

noun. flower

A word for a “flower(s)” in the name ᴱQ. Meril-i-Turinqi “Queen of Flowers” (LT1/16; GL/46).

Conceptual Development: In Tolkien’s later writing, S./N. {Beril >>} Meril was used for the name “Rose”.

oksa

noun. joint

The word ᴱQ. oksa “joint” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√OSO whose other derivative was ᴱQ. oswe “hip” (QL/71).

Neo-Quenya: I’d retain the word ᴺQ. oxa “joint” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but would not derive it from √OS any longer. I would assume it is derived from a Neo-Root ᴺ√OTH, a variant of ᴹ√OS “round” perhaps originally referring to the round joint. Compare Q. ruxa < RUTH + kā ( PE17/188).

otsola

noun. week

The Early Qenya word for a seven-day “week” is otsola. It is related to the word otso “seven”, and its Gnomish cognate ochlad is derived from ᴱ✶ot·g’lāta (GL/62). The Qenya word is probably derived from ᴱ✶otso-g’lā, where the second element is a reduced form of ᴱ✶galā > kala “daytime”.

Conceptual Development: In a very early list of weekday names, this word also appeared as ᴱQ. otsan (PE14/16, 21), where its second element was probably derived from sana “day” (GL/29).

Neo-Quenya: There are a couple later words for “week” in Quenya, namely ᴹQ. lemnar and Q. enquië. These describe five- and six-day weeks, respectively and are related to ᴹQ. lempe “five” and Q. enquë “six”. The Elves used a six-day week in Tolkien’s later writing (LotR/1107). The Númenóreans added a seventh day that was adopted throughout the human kingdoms of Middle-earth, but Tolkien did not give a name to this seven-day week.

The later Quenya word for “seven” remained otso, and the later word for the six-day week is a combination of enquë “six” with the abstract-noun suffix -ië. Therefore, otsola might remain a valid Quenya word for a seven-day week, though a revised form !otsolë might fit later Quenya structure better.

qámea

adjective. sick

A word appearing as qāmea “sick” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjective form of ᴱQ. qáme “sickness, nausea” (QL/76).

Neo-Quenya: Since ᴹQ. qáme “sickness” appears in Tolkien’s later writings (Ety/KWAM), I would retain ᴺQ. quámëa for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but given the meaning of its noun form I would assume its primary meaning is “✱nauseous”, as opposed to generally sick which would be [ᴺQ.] hlaiwa.

tenna

noun. finger

A noun for “finger” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TENE “touch, feel” (QL/91). It was also mentioned in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, but with -nd- written above it indicating a variant form tenda (PME/91). A similar word tenge “finger” appeared Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/137), but ᴱQ. lepta was written next to it, perhaps as a replacement, since after this point finger-words were primarily based on √LEP.

tie-

verb. to go

A deleted verb in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, probably related to ᴱQ. tie “path” and the early root ᴱ√TEHE as suggested by the editors (PE16/133).

wembe

noun. worm

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. {wembe >>} ’wembe “worm” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√GWEVE; it had a longer variant *’wembil** (QL/103). Wembe “worm” was also mentioned in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa* (PME/103).

Neo-Quenya: Helge Fauskanger adapted this word as ᴺQ. vembë “worm” in his NQNT (NQNT), and I follow his suggestion in part for better compatibility with adapted Gnomish forms from the Neo-Root ᴺ√WEB.

ya(n)

conjunction. and

The usual word for “and” in the 1910s was ᴱQ. ya(n) (PE15/69, VT40/8). It was derived from the early root ᴱ√YA (or possibly ᴱ√(D)YṆTṆ) in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/104-105). In his later writings, the usual word for “and” was Q. ar, but something like ya(n) survived in the “dual” conjunction yo “both ... and”.

-léni

suffix. long

anta-

verb. to give

anwe

?. [unglossed]

e-

verb. to be

ematte

?. [unglossed]

faika

adjective. free

faino

noun. freeman

faire

adjective. free

fairie

noun. freedom

halda

adjective. wide, broad

har(e)

adverb. near

har-

verb. to remain

heru

noun. lord

isqa

adjective. wise

ka

?. [unglossed]

kainen

cardinal. ten

kea

cardinal. ten

laiqa

adjective. green

landa

adjective. wide, broad

las

noun. [unglossed]

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

lossa

adjective. white

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

líse

adjective. sweet

makte

noun. hand

masta

noun. bread

má

noun. hand

narqelion

noun. Autumn

nauto

noun. [unglossed]

nawa-

verb. [unglossed]

ne

conjunction. that

nelkea

cardinal. thirteen

nierme

?. [unglossed]

ninqe

adjective. white

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

oqi

noun. snake

orne

noun. tree

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

qen

noun. Elf

saina

adjective. smooth

sanda

adjective. that

sauke

?. [unglossed]

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

sivilda

?. [unglossed]

suksa

adjective. sweet

sutya

adjective. sweet

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

súme

?. [unglossed]

tantilta-

verb. [unglossed]

tanya

adjective. that

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

toron

?. [unglossed]

tultárie

adjective. [unglossed]

tye

pronoun. you

tyúka

adjective. thick

tyúte

noun. thumb

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

usult

?. [unglossed]

vardo

noun. prince

wembil

noun. worm

yu

?. [unglossed]

ó-

verb. to be

lé- Reconstructed

verb. to come, be sent, approach

-lénu

suffix. long

alanda

adjective. wide, broad

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

anda

adjective. long

andra

adjective. long

angwe

?. [unglossed]

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

eant

?. [unglossed]

enqe

preposition. without

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

intya

?. [unglossed]

iswa

adjective. wise

kéto

pronoun. you (emphatic)

laika

adjective. green

lanta-

verb. to fall

lingo

noun. snake

min-

verb. [unglossed]

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

orme

noun. tree

otsan

noun. week

palante

noun. plain

palume

noun. plain

perqa

adjective. wrong

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

qende

noun. Elf

rauka

adjective. swift

santo

pronoun. that

saqa-

verb. [unglossed]

talarin

adjective. [unglossed]

telko

noun. stem

tenge

noun. finger

turanion

noun. prince

turillo

noun. prince

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

túrion

noun. prince

umpai

?. [unglossed]

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

vingwe

?. [unglossed]