nu

preposition. under

With suffixed article, see also nuin

nu

preposition. under

nurn

place name. Nurn

The region in southern Morder around the inland sea Núrnen, appearing on the maps of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1185). The language and meaning of the name is unclear, but since the sea is named in Sindarin, perhaps that is the language of this name as well.

nuitha-

verb. to stunt, prevent from coming to completion, stop short, not allow to continue

nuitha-

verb. to stunt, to prevent from coming to completion, stop short, not allow to continue

nuin

preposition. under the

annui

adjective. western

gwanu

noun. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract)

tinu

noun. spark, small star

nu

under

1) (prep.) nu, followed by lenition (with article nuin ”under the”, followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions), 2) dî, unstressed di (beneath, in) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

nu

under

followed by lenition (with article nuin ”under the”, followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions)

nuitha

not allow to continue

nuitha- (i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stop short; stunt) (WJ:413)

nuitha

not allow to continue

nuitha- (i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stunt) (WJ:413)

nuitha

not allow to continue

(i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stop short; stunt) (WJ:413)

nuicha-

verb. to take notice, perceive; *(orig.) to smell [something]

@@@ from ✱nusja-

nuitha

stop short

(i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stunt; not allow to continue) (WJ:413).

nuitha

stop short

(i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stunt; not allow to continue) (WJ:413)

nuitha

prevent from coming to completion

(i nuitha, in nuithar) (stunt; stop short; not allow to continue) (WJ:413)

nuitha

stunt

nuitha- (i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stop short; not allow to continue) (WJ:413).

nuitha

stunt

(i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stop short; not allow to continue) (WJ:413).

nuitha

stop short

nuitha- (i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stunt; not allow to continue) (WJ:413)

nuitha

stop short

nuitha- (i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stunt; not allow to continue) (WJ:413).

nuitha

prevent from coming to completion

nuitha- (i nuitha, in nuithar) (stunt; stop short; not allow to continue) (WJ:413)

nuitha

through; prevent from coming to completion

nuitha- (i nuitha, in nuithar) (stunt; stop short; not allow to continue) (WJ:413)

nui

preposition/adverb. before (of time); [G.] afterwards, again, later

nuir

noun. yesterday

nunna-

verb. to incline head, bend face down; to assent, *agree

nuru-

verb. to growl, grumble

annui

western

annui. No distinct pl. form.

gwanu

death

(i ’wanu), analogical pl. gweny (in gweny). Archaic gwanw (LR:397 s.v. WAN), hence coll. pl. ?gwanwath. Other words (rather referring to Death as a state or abstract):

tinnu

early night without a moon

(i dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.

tinu

spark

(i dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds), analogical pl. tiny (i thiny). The word is also used =

annui

western

. No distinct pl. form.

pen-noediad

adjective. innumerable

adj. innumerable.

arnediad

adjective. unnumbered, unnumbered, [N.] without reckoning, numberless, innumerable, countless, endless

arnœdiad

adjective. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless

lae

noun. great number

pennoediad

adjective. innumerable

rem

adjective. frequent, numerous

núath

place name. ?Under Shadow

A forest near the source of the river Narog (UT/36, WJ/186). The meaning of this name is unclear, but it might be a combination of nu “under” and the lenited form of gwath “shadow” (as suggested by David Salo, GS/387), similar in origin to dúath.

pech

noun. nut

A neologism for “nut” coined by Matt Dinse and Hjalmar Holm in VQP (VQP), related to the initial element of Q. peccuvo “nut-hider, squirrel”.

arnediad

numberless

arnediad (unnumbered, without reckoning), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).Ó

arnediad

numberless

(unnumbered, without reckoning), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. – Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).

loph

noun. nugget, (small) chunk, clump, tidbit

@@@ from Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) 2023-04-07, < PE ✱lubsi

gwanod

number

(noun) gwanod (i **wanod) (tale), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd**),

gwanod

number

(i ’wanod) (tale), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd)

nedia

number

(verb) *nedia- (reckon, count) (i nedia, in nediar). Cited in archaic form ”noedia” = nödia- (LR:378 s.v. NOT).

nedia

number

(reckon, count) (i nedia, in nediar). Cited in archaic form ”noedia” = nödia- (LR:378 s.v. NOT).

noth

noun. number

rem

numerous

rem (frequent), pl. rim. (Note: a homophone is the noun ”mesh, net”.)

rem

numerous

(frequent), pl. rim. (Note: a homophone is the noun ”mesh, net”.)

arnediad

unnumbered

arnediad (without reckoning, numberless), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).

arnediad

unnumbered

(without reckoning, numberless), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. – Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).

gwaren

noun. [nuclear] family

aronoded

innumerable

aronoded (countless, endless), pl. erenedid (archaic erönödid)

aronoded

innumerable

(countless, endless), pl. erenedid (archaic erönödid)

him

continually

(adverb) him, lenited chim. Not that homophones include the adjectives ”cool” and also ”steadfast, abiding”.

him

continually

lenited chim. Not that homophones include the adjectives ”cool” and also ”steadfast, abiding”.

rem

adjective. frequent, numerous

rim

great number

(crowd, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

duin

noun. (large) river, (large) river; [N.] water

A Sindarin word for river, more specifically a large one (LotR/1138; PM/54; RC/765; VT48/24), derived from primitive ✶duinē and the root √DUY “flow (strongly), flood, inundate” (RC/766; VT48/23-24).

Conceptual Development: The first precursor to this word seems to be G. duif “stream” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶duiwe and related to G. duil “flight” (GL/31). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. duin under the root ᴹ√DUI̯, but there it was a loan word from Ilk. duin “water, river”. After Tolkien abandoned Ilkorin, it became a native Sindarin word.

guru

noun. death, death (abstract)

A Sindarin word for “death” derived from primitive ✶ñgurū (PE17/87), unusual in that its primitive ancient vowel u did not vanish. In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had variant forms [N.] gûr and gurw “death” marked with a “?”, both derived from Old Noldorin nguru and indicating some uncertainty on the exact phonetic developments (EtyAC/ÑGUR). Elsewhere in The Etymologies Tolkien said that [N.] guru was “Death as state or abstract”, as opposed to [N.] gwanw or gwanath for the “act of dying” (Ety/GWAN).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume guru was for death as an abstraction or principle, and for the death of individuals I would use either gurth or gwanu/gwanath; see those entries for discussion.

dûn

noun. west

_n. _west. Q. nū-. >> annûn

gurth

noun. death

The usual Sindarin word for “death”, derived from the root √ÑGUR of similar meaning (UT/39; Ety/ÑGUR).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/43), anchored by well established names like Gurthang or Gurtholf(in), the name of Túrin’s sword. Tolkien experimented with various alternate forms over the years, such as G. urthu (GG/14), G. gurthu (GL/43), ᴱN. gurdh (PE13/146) and N. guruth (Ety/ÑGUR), but kept coming back to gurth as the basic form.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use this word for death in general and especially violent death, as opposed to the more euphemistic [N.] gwanath or gwanu “death”, more literally “departure”.

niben-nog

proper name. Petty Dwarf

A Sindarin term for a Petty Dwarf (PE17/46), a variation on the better known Nogoth Niben, a combination of niben “petty” and a suffixal form -nog of naug “dwarf”, because [[s|[au] became [o] in polysyllables]] in Sindarin. This term was first published in its plural forms Nibin-noeg (UT/100) and Nibin-nogrim “Petty-dwarves” (UT/148). Tolkien considered numerous variations on the singular form of this name (WJ/187, note #26).

noegin

noun. Petty Dwarf

This entry includes several experimental Sindarin names for Petty Dwarves from later writings (PE17/45-6, WJ/187). They all have the initial element naug “dwarf” or older variant N. Nawag, and various diminutives as final elements.

núneth

feminine name. Núneth

Mother of Erendis (UT/183). The meaning of her name is unclear, but it might be a combination of the prefixal form of Q. núna “western” and feminine suffix S. -eth (as suggested by David Salo, GS/356).

núrnen

place name. Sad Water, Dead Water

The inland sea in the middle of Mordor. Its final element is clearly nen “water, lake” (SA/nen). The meaning of its initial element is less clear, though it may simply incorporate the name of the region containing the sea: Nurn.

Possible Etymology: In The Lord of the Rings, this sea was described as “the dark sad waters” (LotR/923) and its name was glossed “Sad Water” in Tolkien’s “Unfinished Index” of The Lord of the Rings (RC/457). However, there is no attested Sindarin word nûr with a meaning similar to “sad”.

In Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien translated the name as “Death/dead water” (PE17/87), with its first element derived from √ÑGUR “death”. Elsewhere the Sindarin word for “death” is guru, so maybe Tolkien intended the first element to be from its Quenya cognate [ᴹQ.] nuru. Perhaps the poisoned waters of Mordor made life within Núrnen difficult, like the Dead Sea of Earth.

Hammond and Scull suggested the two concepts could be related, with “sad” being used in the sense “bitter” or “unpalatable”, referring to its poisoned waters (RC/457).

Conceptual Development: This name first appeared on the first draft map of The Lord of the Rings as N. Nurnen with a short u (TI/309). It later appeared with a long u, as N. Nûrnen (WR/127) and N/S. Núrnen (SD/56).

nûr

adjective. sad

For an earlier discussion, see Klockzo, 4th volume, p. 160 §147: The meaning of Núrnen long remained highly hypothetical. The current definition is based on Christopher Tolkien's index to UT and on the unfinished index of names published in RC. The Gnomish Lexicon listed nur- (nauri) "growl, grumble", nurn "plaint, lament, a complaint" and nurna- "bewail, lament, complain of" (PE/11:61). Likewise, the Qenyaqetsa included a root NURU- with several derivatives with similar meanings (PE/12:68). See also Q. nurrula "mumbling" (from nurru- "murmur, grumble") in the final version of the poem The Last Ark (MC/222-23). Patrick Wynne therefore noted: S. *nûr in Núrnen "Sad Water" is apparently "sad" in the sense "bewailing, lamenting, complaining, grumbling", no doubt a reference to the general mood of the hapless laborers in "the great slave-worked fields" beside the lake. (See Lambengolmor/856-860)

onnen

adjective. born

An adjective meaning “born” in the name for Men: Abonnen “After-born” (WJ/387). It appears to be a (reduced?) passive participle of the verb onna- “✱to give birth to”.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. nuin “born” (GL/61) based on the early root ᴱ√NŌ “become, be born” (QL/66).

dúnadan

proper name. Man of the West

Sindarin term for a “Man of the West”, the descendants of the Elf-friends of Beleriand and Númenor (LotR/233). This name is a combination of dûn “west” and Adan “Man” (SA/andúnë, adan; PE17/18).

Conceptual Development: In an early version of Glorfindel’s greeting to Aragon, this term was N. Torfir (TI/61), and throughout the Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, the most common term for “High Men” was ᴹQ. Tarkil (TI/84, WR/310). It was not until very late in the drafts that the terms Dúnadan/Dúnedain appeared (WR/363 note #6).

Núrnen

noun. sad water

#nûr (“sad”) + nen (“water”) #[His.]- the meaning of the first element is “highly hypothetical”.

ithil

noun. Moon

The usual name for the Moon in Sindarin, from an augmented form of the root √THIL (Let/425; Ety/THIL). This word is most likely the proper name of the Moon, analogous to English “Luna”: in The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien indicated Ithil was a “poetic name”. Compare this to S. Raun “Wanderer”, which is more descriptive of the nature of the body and hence closer to “Moon” (and “moon”).

Conceptual Development: The first precursor to this name seems to be G. Thilim “Moon” in an early list of names (PE14/13). This became G. {Thil >>} Sil “Rose of Silpion, Moon” (GL/67, 72) and G. {Thilmos >>} Silma in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/33, 67), both derivatives of the early root ᴱ√SILI as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Sil). The name Ithil first appeared in early versions of the tales of Númenor from the 1930s (LR/41).

arnediad

without reckoning

arnediad (unnumbered, numberless), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).

arnediad

without reckoning

arnediad (unnumbered, numberless), pl. ?arnediaid if the word can be pluralized as a regular adjective. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).

dem

sad

1) dem (gloomy), lenited dhem, pl. dhim; 2) naer (dreadful, lamentable, woeful); no distinct pl. form. 3) nûr (pl. nuir). Note: homophones mean ”deep” and ”race”.

duin

river

(long, large river with strong current) duin (i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin) (VT48:24)

duin

large river

(i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin), coll. pl. duinath (Names:179, PM:54); compare the river-name Anduin, ”long river”.

dû

night

(i dhû) (nightfall, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

gwanath

death

1) (act of dying) gwanath (i **wanath), pl. gwenaith (in gwenaith), 2) (act of dying, especially the ”death” of Elves by fading or weariness) gwanu (i **wanu), analogical pl. gweny (in gweny). Archaic gwanw (LR:397 s.v. WAN), hence coll. pl. ?gwanwath. Other words (rather referring to Death as a state or abstract): 3) gûr (i ngûr = i ñûr, o n**gûr = o ñgûr, construct gur), pl. guir (in guir = i ñguir), 4) gurth (i ngurth = i ñurth, o n**gurth = o ñgurth), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth), 5) guruth (i nguruth = i ñuruth, o n**guruth = o ñguruth), pl. gyryth (in gyryth** = i ñgyryth)

gwêdh

chain

(i ’wêdh, construct gwedh), pl. gwîdh (in gwîdh), 3) (ditto) nûd (construct nud, pl. nuid). 4) (the ”bond” of friendship) gwend (i ’wend, construct gwen) (friendship), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath. Note: a homophone means ”maiden”.

inc

idea

1) inc (guess, notion), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite); coll. pl. ingath; 2) naw (pl. noe). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. form was nui. Coll. pl. ?nawath or ?noath.

laew

frequent

1) laew (many); no distinct pl. form. 2) rem (numerous), pl. rim. (Note: a homophone is the noun ”mesh, net”.)

narn

tale

1) narn (saga; versified tale to be spoken rather than sung), pl. nern**; 2) pent (i bent, o phent) (story), pl. pint (i phint), coll. pl. pennath; 3) trenarn (i drenarn, o threnarn) (account), pl. trenern (i threnern); 4) gwanod (i **wanod) (number), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd).

narn

tale

(saga; versified tale to be spoken rather than sung), pl. *nern***; 2) pent (i** bent, o phent) (story), pl. pint (i** phint), coll. pl. pennath; 3) trenarn (i** drenarn, o threnarn) (account), pl. trenern (i** threnern); 4) gwanod (i ’wanod) (number), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd**).

naug

dwarf

(in compounds -nog), pl. #noeg, coll. pl. naugrim, nogrim. (WJ:388, 408, 413; VT45:13). In ”Noldorin” the pl. was nuig, but the Sindarin pl. form noeg is attested in Nibin-noeg ”Petty-dwarves” (WJ:187, 420). Note: naug is also used as an adj. ”dwarfed, stunted”. This word for ”dwarf” also appears in a diminutive form: naugol (in compounds naugla-), coll. pl. nauglath. 2)

naw

idea

(pl. noe). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. form was *nui***. Coll. pl. ?nawath or ?noath**.

nod

bind

nod- (i nôd, i nedir) (tie), pa.t. likely *nunt since the root is __ (LR:378).

nod

bind

(i nôd, i nedir) (tie), pa.t. likely ✱nunt since the root is NUT (LR:378).

nod

tie

nod- (i nôd, i nedir) (bind), pa.t. likely *nunt since the root is __ (LR:378).

nod

tie

(i nôd, i nedir) (bind), pa.t. likely ✱nunt since the root is NUT (LR:378).

noe

lament

(noun) *noe (no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” nui.

noe

lament

(no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” nui.

nûr

race

(group of related people) nûr (construct nur, pl. nuir). Note: homophones mean ”sad” and ”deep”.

nûr

race

(construct nur, pl. nuir). Note: homophones mean ”sad” and ”deep”.**

nûr

sad

(pl. nuir). Note: homophones mean ”deep” and ”race”.

rem

frequent

(numerous), pl. rim. (Note: a homophone is the noun ”mesh, net”.)

tint

spark

1) tint (i dint, o thint), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thint), coll. pl. tinnath; 2) tinu (i dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds), analogical pl. tiny (i thiny). The word is also used =

tofn

deep

tofn (lenited dofn; pl. tyfn) (low, low-lying), also nûr (pl. nuir). Note: homophones of the latter mean ”sad” and ”race”.

tofn

deep

(lenited dofn; pl. tyfn) (low, low-lying), also nûr (pl. nuir). Note: homophones of the latter mean ”sad” and ”race”.

Dúnadan

man of the west

(Númenórean) Dúnadan (i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386).

Dúnadan

man of the west

(Númenórean) Dúnadan (i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386)

annûn

west

1) annûn; 2) Dúven (na Núven, o Ndúven). Christopher Tolkien tentatively read the illegible gloss as ”southern” (LR:376 s.v. NDŪ), but the etymology seems to demand the meaning ”west”: dú-ven with the same ending as in Forven ”North” and Harven ”South”. The ending means ”way”, so Dúven may be ”west” considered as a direction. WEST-ELF (Elf of Beleriand, including Noldor and Sindar) Dúnedhel (i Núnedhel), pl. Dúnedhil (i Ndúnedhil). (WJ:378, 386)

annûn

sunset

annûn (west), pl. ennŷn

dúath

dark shadow

(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith). Compare the Ephel Dúath or ”Mountains of Shadow” forming th outer fence of Mordor, perhaps suggesting that Dúath is also the word used of Sauron as ”the Shadow”.

dúath

dark shadow

(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith);

dúath

nightshade

(i dhúath) (dark shadow), pl. dúaith (i núaith).

dúlinn

nightingale

1) dúlinn (i dhúlinn) (dusk-singer), same form pl. except with article (i núlinn) (SD:302). 2) merilin (i verilin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i merilin), coll. pl. merilinnath. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”moerilind” = mörilind. 3) tinúviel (”daughter of twilight”, a poetic kenning) (i dinúviel, o thinúviel), pl. ?tinúvil (i thinúvil), coll. pl. tinúviellath (MR:373, WJ:62)

dúlinn

nightingale

(i** dhúlinn) (dusk-singer), same form pl. except with article (i** núlinn) (SD:302).

dúnadan

man of the west

(i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386)

dúnadan

númenórean

(i Núnadan) (Man of the West), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386)

dúnedhel

west-elf

(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*

dúven

west

(na Núven, o Ndúven). Christopher Tolkien tentatively read the illegible gloss as ”southern” (LR:376 s.v. NDŪ), but the etymology seems to demand the meaning ”west”: dú-ven with the same ending as in Forven ”North” and Harven ”South”. The ending means ”way”, so Dúven may be ”west” considered as a direction.

tinúviel

nightingale

(”daughter of twilight”, a poetic kenning) (i** dinúviel, o thinúviel), pl. ?tinúvil (i** thinúvil), coll. pl. tinúviellath** **(MR:373, WJ:62)

dûn

noun. west

narn

noun. tale, tale, [N.] saga

noden

adjective. prone, face down

norra-

verb. to growl, grumble

nosta-

verb. to smell

(h)law

noun. flood

Nûrnen

place name. Death

_ topon. _Death, dead water. >> guru

Tinnúviel

noun. nightingale

nightingale

aer

adjective. holy

an

preposition. to, towards, for

With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath

an

to

_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath  'glory to all the Halflings'.

annûn

noun. west, sunset

aphadon

noun. follower

aphadon

noun. man (elvish name for men)

aphadon

noun. follower

aphadrim

noun. followers, men (elvish name for men)

bŷr

noun. follower, vassal

cadhad

noun. dwarf

dae

noun. shadow

dae

noun. shadow, shadow (cast by an object or form), [N.] shade

di-

prefix. beneath, under

The only known usage of this word is as prefix, but VT/45:37 lists it as a unitary word di

duin

noun. (long and large) river (having strong current)

duinen

noun. flood, high tide

dúath

adjective. dark

_ adj. _dark, black shadow.

dúlin

noun. nightingale

dúlin

noun. nightingale

A word for “nightingale” appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a combination of N. dû “night” and N. lhinn “tune” (Ety/DOƷ, Ety/LIN², TIN). It appeared as both dúlinn (Ety/LIN²) and dúlin (Ety/TIN). In The Notion Club Papers of the 1940s, Tolkien instead gave duilin “nightingale” as a derivative of primitive ᴹ✶dōmilindē, demonstrating a phonetic development whereby the ancient m became v and then vanished after the u, but the medial i was preserved. However, Christopher Tolkien used the form dúlin in The Silmarillion appendix (SA/dú), and that form is thus better known.

dûn

noun. west

dûr

adjective. dark, sombre

dûr

dark

_ adj. _dark, gloomy, 'hellish'.

echil

noun. follower

echil

noun. human being

echil

noun. follower

eneth

noun. name

esta-

verb. to name

esten(t)

adjective. short

estent

adjective. (very?) short

The slash sign in minlamad thent/estent might indicate either variant forms of an adjective, or a sequence of two short verse units, possibly of alliterating half-lines, see Tolkien's Legendarium p. 122

ethir

noun. spy

ethir

noun. spy

gil-

prefix. spark

_ pref. _spark, often used for 'star'. Form of gail/geil in compounds. >> gail, geil, Gilgalad

glaer

noun. tale, [N.] long lay, narrative poem, [S.] tale, song

guldur

noun. black arts, sorcery

gurth

noun. death

guru

noun. death

_ n. _death. guru << gûru.

guruthos

noun. the shadow of death, death-horror

gûl

noun. black arts

n. black arts, sorcery. Q. ñúle, B.S. gûl 'wraith' is probably derived from Sindarin.

hadhod

noun. Dwarf

hlô

noun. flood

n. flood.

laew

adjective. frequent, many

limp

adjective. wet

loen

adjective. soaking wet, swamped

lô

flood

n. flood.

morchant

noun. shadow (of objects, cast by light), dark shape

na

to

e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2

na

preposition. to

prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2

naer

adjective. sad, lamentable

naergon

noun. woeful lament

narn

noun. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung

niben-nog

noun. Petty dwarf

_ n. _Petty dwarf. [PE17:46] >> cadhad, noged, nogon, nogoth

nod-

verb. to tie, bind

noged

Petty dwarf

pl1. nœgid _ n. _Petty dwarf. [PE17:46] >> cadhad, nogon, nogoth

nogoth niben

proper name. Petty Dwarf

A Sindarin term for a Petty Dwarf (WJ/388), first published in its plural forms Noegyth Nibin “Petty-dwarves” (S/204). This name is a combination of Nogoth “Dwarf” and niben “petty” (WJ/388).

nos(s)

noun. race

_ n. _race, tribe, people. Q. nóre.

nîn

adjective. wet, watery

nîn

wet

_ adj. _wet. Q. nenya. >> Nindalf

nŷw

noun. noose

onnen

noun. born

othrond

noun. fortress or city in underground caves, underground stronghold

othronn

noun. fortress or city in underground caves, underground stronghold

paran

adjective. smooth, shaven (often applied to hills without trees)

raun

noun. Moon

A word for “moon”, equivalent of Q. Rána, attested in later writings only as the element -rawn in the archaic form S. †cýrawn “new-moon”, in modern speech cýron (VT48/7). Based on its use in this word, as well as in N. cúran “crescent moon” [ᴺS. cúron], it seems this is the ordinary word for “Moon” (or “moon”) as a celestial body, as opposed to S. Ithil which is the proper name of the moon, equivalent to English “Luna”. Raun is derived from primitive ✶rānā from the root √RAN “wander”, and hence originally meant something like “Wanderer”, though its Quenya equivalent is usually translated “Wayward”.

Conceptual Development: A very similar form G. Rân “the moon” appeared in Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/64), as well as ᴱN. rán “moon” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/152), though in this period its etymology is unclear. It appeared as N. Rhân “Moon” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√RAN “wander, stray” (Ety/RAN), but in this period its Quenya equivalent was ᴹQ. Rana with short a. In later writings the Quenya form became Q. Rána, requiring a change to S. Raun since ancient ā became au in Sindarin.

sael

adjective. wise

sael

adjective. wise

sîr

noun. river

then

adjective. short

thenn

adjective. short

thent

adjective. short

thent

adjective. short

thond

noun. root

thond

noun. root

n. root.

thond

noun. root, root, [N.] base; root-word

A noun in The Lord of the Rings Appendix E glossed “root”, given as an examples of how “nd remained at the end of fully accented monosyllables” (LotR/1115). It was an element in the river-name S. Morthond “Black Root” (LotR/770), so named “because its source was in the dark caverns of the Dead Men” (RC/766). As such this word refers to things that are the root or base of something, not just plant roots.

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. sunn and sonnas as cognates to ᴹQ. sundo “base, root, root-word” under ᴹ√SUD “base, ground” (Ety/SUD; EtyAC/SUD). These Noldorin forms were revised to N. thund/thonn and N. thonnas while the root was revised to ᴹ√STUD (EtyAC/SUD). The Etymologies also had N. dum “root, foundation” derived from {ᴹ√(N)DUM >>} ᴹ√(N)DUB “lay base, foundation, root; found”, but this entry was deleted (EtyAC/NDUB).

Possible Etymology: This words seems to be a counterexample to the general rule that short u was preserved before nasals]]: compare it to S. mund “bull” and N. lhunt “boat” where the u remained unchanged. The Quenya cognate of this word is typically Q. sundo, so a-affection]] cannot be used to explain the shift of u to o. However in one place Tolkien gave the Quenya form as sunda in Tarmasundar “Roots of the Pillar” (UT/166), so perhaps the Sindarin form was derived from a variant primitive form ✱stundā.

Neo-Sindarin: For purpose of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume thond refers only to an ordinary base or root, and more abstract [N.] thonnas refers to things like root-words or a “✱foundation”.

thurin

masculine name. Secret

A name that Finduilas gave to Túrin translated “Secret” (UT/157), simply the adjective thurin “secret, hidden” used as a name.

tin

noun. spark

_ n. _spark, sparkle (esp. used of the twinkle of stars). >> ithildin

tîn

spark

n. spark, star. Q. tinwe spark (Poet. star).

ad

back

(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "second, again, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".

ad

back

also meaning "second, again, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".

an

to

(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).

an

to

(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)

angol

deep lore

(magic), pl. engyl. Note: a homophone means "stench".

annûn

west

annûn

sunset

(west), pl. ennŷn

avnedhor

noun. afternoon

badhron

judge

badhron (i vadhron), pl. bedhryn (i medhryn); also badhor (i vadhor), analogical pl. bedhyr (i medhyr)

badhron

judge

(i vadhron), pl. bedhryn (i medhryn); also badhor (i vadhor), analogical pl. bedhyr (i medhyr)

bŷr

follower

*bŷr (vassal; construct byr). No distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷr). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” bior, beor. FOLLOWER (used as a term for Mortal Man, the "follower" of the Elves): Aphadon (pl. Ephedyn, coll. pl. Aphadrim) (WJ:387). Also echil (no distinct pl. form); coll. pl. ?echillath

celon

river

(i gelon, o chelon), pl. celyn (pl. i chelyn)

cûn

bent

cûn (bowed, bowshaped), lenited gûn; pl. cuin

cûn

bent

(bowed, bowshaped), lenited gûn; pl. cuin

dad

downward

;

dadbenn

downhill, sloping down

(inclined, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn;

dae

shadow

(i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae).

daew

shadow

(i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8).

dan

back

(prep.) dan (lenited nan) (again, against);

dan

back

(lenited nan) (again, against);

dar

stop

(verb, used intransitively in the LotR), dar- (i dhâr, i nerir) (halt). The imperative daro! is attested.

dar

stop

(i dhâr, i nerir) (halt). The imperative daro! is attested.

daur

stop

(noun) daur (i dhaur) (pause; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath

daur

stop

(i dhaur) (pause; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath

daw

nighttime

(i dhaw) (gloom), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath.

dem

sad

(gloomy), lenited dhem, pl. dhim

dilia

stop up

(i dhilia, i niliar), pa.t. diliant (VT45:9).

dolen

secret

(hidden), lenited dholen, pl. dolin

doll

dark

doll (dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.

doll

dark

(dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.

dî

under

unstressed di (beneath, in) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

dî

beneath

dî, unstressed di (in, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

dî

beneath

unstressed di (in, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

dûr

dark

dûr (sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir

dûr

dark

(sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir

eneth

name

(noun) eneth (pl. enith)

eneth

name

(pl. enith)

escal

cover that hides

(screen, veil), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).

ess

noun. name

esta

name

(verb.) esta- (call) (i esta, in estar)

esta

name

(call) (i esta, in estar)

ethir

of a river

(estuary), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. ethiriath. Note: a homophone means "spy".

ethir

spy

(noun) ethir (no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. ethiriath). Literally "out-watcher". Note: a homophone means "mouth/outflow of a river, estuary".

ethir

spy

(no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. ethiriath). Literally "out-watcher". Note: a homophone means "mouth/outflow of a river, estuary".

falch

deep cleft

(ravine[?]), pl. felch;

fuin

night, nightshade, dead of night

(gloom, darkness). No distinct pl. form.

fôf

noun. fool

gaer

holy

gaer (awful, fearful); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".

gaer

holy

(awful, fearful); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".

golu

secret lore

(i ngolu = i ñolu, o n’golu = o ñgolu) (secret lore), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath as the likely coll. pl. 

graurim

dark people

(VT45:16);

graw

dark

graw (swart), lenited raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)

graw

dark

(swart), lenited ’raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)

guldur

dark sorcery

(i nguldur = i ñuldur), pl. gyldyr (in gyldyr = i ñgyldyr)

gurth

death

(i ngurth = i ñurth, o n’gurth = o ñgurth), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth)

guruth

death

(i nguruth = i ñuruth, o n’guruth = o ñguruth), pl. gyryth (in gyryth = i ñgyryth)

gwaedh

bond

1) (a ”bond” of loyalty) gwaedh (i **waedh) (troth, compact, oath), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaedh**), 2) _(apparently referring to physical ”bonds”, cf.

gwaedh

bond

(i ’waedh)  (troth, compact, oath), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaedh)

gwanath

death

(i ’wanath), pl. gwenaith (in gwenaith)

gwedh

bind

*gwedh- (i **wêdh, in gwedhir), pa.t. gwedhant, in older language also gwend**. In LR:397 s.v.

gwedh

bind

(i ’wêdh, in gwedhir), pa.t. gwedhant, in older language also gwend. In LR:397 s.v.

gwâth

shadow

(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)

gîl

silver glint

gîl (i ngîl = i ñîl, o n**gîl = o ñgîl, construct gil) (star, bright spark), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath** (RGEO, MR:388)

gîl

silver glint

gîl (i ngîl = i ñîl, o n**gîl = o ñgîl, construct gil) (star, bright spark), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath** (RGEO, MR:388).

gûr

death

(i ngûr = i ñûr, o n’gûr = o ñgûr, construct gur), pl. guir (in guir = i ñguir)

gûr

inner mind

(i ’ûr, construct gur) (heart), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11)

hadhod

dwarf

(i chadhod, o chadhod), pl. hedhyd (i chedhyd), coll. pl. hadhodrim (WJ:388). This was a word borrowed from Dwarvish Khazâd.

heria

set vigorously out to do

(i cheria, i cheriar) (have an impulse, be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously) (VT45:22)

iaun

holy place

(fane, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath

idhren

wise

idhren (pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic *gölwin)

idhren

wise

(pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic ✱gölwin)

im

deep vale

(dell), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite). The word typically occurs, not by itself, but in compounds like imlad, imloth, imrath, imrad (VT45:18, VT47:19)

imlad

deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides

(glen), pl. imlaid;

inc

idea

(guess, notion), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite); coll. pl. ingath

ind

mind

ind (inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.

ind

mind

(inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.

ithil

moon

(= ”the sheen”)

laew

many

laew (frequent); no distinct pl. form.

laew

many

(frequent); no distinct pl. form.

laew

frequent

(many); no distinct pl. form.

limp

adjective. wet

limp

wet

(no distinct pl. form).

lind

river

”singer” may also be used of rivers (see

loen

soaking wet

(swamped), no distinct pl. form.

maeg

going deep in

(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (sharp, penetrating). (WJ:337);

merilin

nightingale

(i** verilin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** merilin), coll. pl. merilinnath. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ”moerilind” = mörilind.

mesc

wet

1) mesc (lenited vesc, pl. misc). Also spelt mesg. 2) limp (no distinct pl. form). 3)

mesc

wet

(lenited vesc, pl. misc). Also spelt mesg.

morchant

shadow

1) morchant (i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form. 2) dae (i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae). 3) daew (i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8). 4) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261) 5) muil (i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil**),

morchant

shadow

(i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form.

morn

dark

morn (black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)

morn

dark

(black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)

morn

night

(i vorn) (darkness), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”dark, black” (Letters:386).

muil

shadow

(i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)

môr

dark

môr (black), lenited vôr, pl. mŷr (Letters:382), also

môr

dark

(black), lenited vôr, pl. m**ŷr* (Letters:382)*, also

n

noose

ŷw (construct nyw, no distinct pl. form). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” hniof.

naer

sad

(dreadful, lamentable, woeful); no distinct pl. form.

naergon

woeful lament

(pl. naergoen)

naug

stunted

(dwarfed), pl. #noeg. Note: the word is also used as a noun ”dwarf”.

niben-naug

petty-dwarf

nog; pl. Nibin-noeg, coll. pl. *Nibin-nogrim** (UT:148)*

noen

wise

(sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein.

nogoth

dwarf

(pl. negyth; coll. pl. nogothrim). Archaic pl. ”noegyth” = nögyth (WJ:388, 408) 3) norn (pl. nyrn, coll. pl. nornwaith). From the adj. norn ”twisted, knotted, crabbed, hard”. (MR:93, WJ:205) 4) #Gonhir (i ’Onhir), literally ”Master of Stone”, no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir, maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim  (WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”) The coll. pl. Dornhoth ("Thrawn folk") (WJ:388, 408) also refers to the Dwarves.

nordh

cord

nordh (pl. nyrdh)

nordh

cord

(pl. nyrdh)

nornad

noun. complaint

nîd

wet

nîd (damp, tearful); no distinct pl. form. 4) nîn (watery); no distinct pl. form. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.

nîd

wet

(damp, tearful); no distinct pl. form. 4) nîn (watery); no distinct pl. form. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.

nîd

damp

nîd (wet, tearful); no distinct pl. form

nîd

damp

(wet, tearful); no distinct pl. form

nîw

noun. bee

nŷw

noose

*nŷw (construct nyw, no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” hniof.

nŷw

noun. noose, snare

odhril

parent

1) (fem.) odhril (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. odhrillath. 2) (male) odhron (pl. edhryn for archaic ödhryn; coll. pl. odhronnath):

odhril

parent

(no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. odhrillath.

odhron

parent

(pl. edhryn for archaic ödhryn; coll. pl. odhronnath)

onnen

born

?onnen (pl. ennin for archaic önnin)

onnen

born

(pl. ennin for archaic önnin)

ordolel

noun. tomorrow

orvedui

noun. yesterday

pant

complete

pant (lenited bant; pl. paint) (full, whole); COMPLETELY, see

pant

complete

(lenited bant; pl. paint) (full, whole);

paran

smooth

1) paran (lenited baran; pl. perain) (shaven). Often applied to hills wihtout trees. (RC:433) 2)

path

smooth

path (lenited bath; pl. paith)

penia

set

penia- (i benia, i pheniar) (fix).

penia

set

(i benia, i pheniar) (fix).

penna

slant down

(i benna, i phennar)

raun

moon

(pl. roen, idh roen), coll. pl. ronath. Cf. the ending -ron at the end of month-names. Raun is basically the adj. ”straying, wandering” used as a noun, hence identifying the Moon as ”the Wanderer”. – The ”Noldorin” form rhân presupposes a different primitive form and may not correspond to S ✱rân as would normally be supposed.

sael

wise

1) sael (lenited hael; no distinct pl. form), 2) noen (sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein. 3)

sael

wise

(lenited hael; no distinct pl. form)

seidia

set aside

(appropriate to special purpose or owner) (i heidia, i seidiar) (VT42:20).  

solch

root

(i holch, o solch), pl. sylch (i sylch)

sîr

river

1) (also = rill) sîr (i hîr, o sîr), in compounds sir- or -hir or -hír; no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîr), coll. pl. siriath. Note: sîr is also the adverb ”today”. 2) celon (i gelon, o chelon), pl. celyn (pl. i chelyn), 3) The word lind ”singer” may also be used of rivers (see . (WJ.309).

sîr

river

(i hîr, o sîr), in compounds sir- or -hir or -hír; no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîr), coll. pl. siriath. Note: sîr is also the adverb ”today”.

taetha

tie

taetha- (fasten) (i daetha, i thaethar)

taetha

tie

(fasten) (i daetha, i thaethar)

talad

incline

(noun) talad (i dalad, o thalad) (slope), pl. telaid (i thelaid)

talad

incline

(i dalad, o thalad) (slope), pl. telaid (i thelaid)

thent

short

thent (pl. thint), also ?estent (pl. estint).

thent

short

(pl. thint), also ?estent (pl. estint).

thinnas

shortness

(also used for a “breve”, a mark indicating that a vowel is short). Verb

thond

root

1) thond (construct thon; pl. thynd; coll. pl. thonnath), 2) thonnas, pl. thennais (archaic *thönnais) (VT46:16), 3) thund (construct thun; pl. thynd; coll. pl. thunnath) (VT46:16), 4) (esp. of edible roots) solch (i holch, o solch), pl. sylch (i sylch)

thond

root

(construct thon; pl. thynd; coll. pl. thonnath)

thonnas

root

pl. thennais (archaic ✱thönnais) (VT46:16)

thost

smell

(noun) thost (pl. thyst) _(VT46:19)__;

thost

smell

(pl. thyst) (VT46:19)

thund

root

(construct thun; pl. thynd; coll. pl. thunnath) (VT46:16)

thurin

secret

(adjective) 1) thurin (hidden); no distinct pl. form, 2) dolen (hidden), lenited dholen, pl. dolin;

thurin

secret

(hidden); no distinct pl. form

tim

small star

(MR:388). Archaic tinw, so the coll. pl. is likely  tinwath. 3)

tint

spark

(i dint, o thint), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thint), coll. pl. tinnath

tog

lead

tog- (i dôg, i thegir, archaic i thögir), pa.t. tunc (i thyngir) (bring)

tog

lead

(i dôg, i thegir, archaic i thögir), pa.t. tunc (i thyngir) (bring)

torn

down

(noun) *torn (i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”.

torn

down

(i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”. 

tû

muscle

tû (i dû, o thû) (sinew; vigour, physical strength), pl. tui (i thui), coll. pl. túath

tû

muscle

(i dû, o thû) (sinew; vigour, physical strength), pl. t**ui (i thui), coll. pl. túath**

tûm

deep valley

tum- (i** dûm, o thûm, construct tum), pl. t**uim (i** thuim**)

ulu

ulmo

but ”usually” this Vala was called Guiar or **Uiar **(LR:392 s.v.

úlren

adjective. odorous