rassë

horn

rassë, also rasco, noun "horn" (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains) (RAS/VT46:10, PM:69)

rassë

noun. horn, horn [of both animals and mountains]

A noun appearing as ᴹQ. rasse “horn” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√RAS “stick up” along with a variant form rasko (Ety/RAS). In that document Tolkien said it was used “especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains”. The word rasse “horn” reappeared on a (rejected) page of verb forms from 1948 (PE22/127 note #152), and again in notes from the 1950s or 60s discussing the mountain name S. Caradhras (PE17/36).

Cognates

• S. rass “horn, horn [of both animals and mountains]” ✧ PE17/036

Derivations

• √RAS “horn, horn; [ᴹ√] stick up”

Element in

• Q. Arfanyarassë “High Shining White Peak”
• ᴺQ. rassëa “horned”
• ᴺQ. rassemunda “rhinoceros, (lit.) horn-snout”

Variations

• rasse ✧ PE17/036

róma

horn

róma (1) noun "horn" (WJ:368 - this refers to a "horn" as an instrument rather than as part of an animal; see rassë, tarca_)._Loose compound Oromë róma "an Oromë horn", sc. "one of Orome's horns (if he had more than one)" (WJ:368).

róma

noun. horn, horn; [ᴹQ.] loud sound, trumpet-sound, *blare

Derivations

• √ROM “horn noise, horn noise; [ᴹ√] loud noise”

Element in

• Q. Orome róma “an Orome horn” ✧ WJ/368
• Q. róma Oromëo “a horn coming from Orome” ✧ WJ/368
• Q. róma Oroméva “Orome’s horn” ✧ WJ/368
• Q. Valaróma “Horn of Oromë, *(lit.) Vala-horn”

tarca

horn

tarca ("k")noun "horn" (TARÁK)

taru

horn

taru noun "horn" (LT2:337, 347; Tolkien's later Quenya has tarca)

hlón

sound

hlón noun "sound", "a noise" (VT48:29). Also hlóna. The stem of hlón is apparently hlon- if hloni "sounds" in WJ:394 is its plural form.

tildë

spike, horn

tildë noun "spike, horn" _(TIL; in the Etymologies as printed in LR, the first gloss is quoted as "point", but according to VT46:19, the proper reading is "spike")_

romba

horn, trumpet

romba noun "horn, trumpet" (ROM)

romba

noun. horn, trumpet

Cognates

• S. rom “horn, trumpet” ✧ WJ/400

Derivations

• √ROM “horn noise, horn noise; [ᴹ√] loud noise” ✧ WJ/400

Element in

• Q. Falarombar

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√rom > romba	[romba]	✧ WJ/400

cendë

point

cendë noun "point" (PE16:96)

cendë

noun. point

Element in

• Q. pirucendëa “on the point of her toes” ✧ PE16/096

Variations

• cende ✧ PE16/096

lamma

sound

lamma noun "sound" (LAM)

láma

noun. sound, sound; [ᴹQ.] ringing sound, echo

Cognates

• ᴺS. law “sound”

Derivations

• √LAM “(inarticulate voiced) sound” ✧ VT39/20

Element in

• Q. Lámaquenta “Account of Sounds” ✧ PE18/082
• Q. Lámasampanë “Combination of Sounds” ✧ PE18/090
• Q. lámatyávë “*sound-taste”
• Q. ólama “consonant”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√lam > láma	[lāma]	✧ VT39/20

Variations

• Láma ✧ PE18/082; PE18/090

láma#

noun. sound

sound

tilma

noun. point

mausta

compulsion

mausta noun "compulsion" (MBAW)

mentë

point, end

mentë noun "point, end" (MET)

ráma

wing

ráma noun "wing", pl. rámar (RAM, Nam, RGEO:66, LT2:335); Markirya has both nominative pl. rámar "wings" and instrumental pl. rámainen *"with wings" (translated "on wings" by Tolkien); rámali "wings" in MC:213 would be a partitive pl. in LotR-style Quenya. Variant rámë in the names Eärrámë, Alquarámë, q.v.

ráma

noun. wing, wing; [ᴱQ.] arm

The Quenya word for “wing”, derived from the root ᴹ√RAM (PE17/63; Ety/RAM).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where ᴱQ. ráma “wing” was derived from the early root ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward” (QL/78). The word appeared regularly in Tolkien’s writings with the gloss “wing”, though at one point in the 1920s it was glossed both “arm, wing” (PE16/137), and in the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s it was given as the Qenya word meaning “arm”, but this was revised to ᴱQ. ranko (PE15/79). The use of ráma for “arm” was a brief and rejected idea, and in The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹQ. ráma “wing” was transferred to a new root ᴹ√RAM, while ᴹQ. ranko “arm” remained under ᴹ√RAK “stretch out” (Ety/RAK, RAM).

Cognates

• S. raw “wing” ✧ PE17/063

Element in

• Q. Eärrámë “Sea-wing”
• Q. Númerrámar “West-wings”
• Q. rámainen elvië “on wings like stars” ✧ MC/222
• Q. rámar sisílala “the wings shining” ✧ MC/222
• Q. yéni únótimë ve rámar aldaron “long years numberless as the wings of trees” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
• Q. yéni únótimë ve aldaron rámar “long-years not-countable as trees’ wings” ✧ RGEO/58

Variations

• rāma ✧ PE17/063

tinda

spike

tinda (2) noun "spike" (LT1:258; probably obsoleted by # 1 above)

tumbë

trumpet

tumbë noun "trumpet" (LT1:269)

aicalë

peak

aicalë ("k")noun "a peak" (AYAK)

rass

horn

_ n. _horn. >> Caradhras

rass

noun. horn, horn [of both animals and mountains]

A noun for “horn” appearing in notes on the name Caradhras “Redhorn” from the 1950s or 60s (PE17/36). This word was an element in other names as well, such as Methedras “Last Peak” and Nimras “White Horn”.

Conceptual Development: This word appeared as N. rhas “horn” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√RAS “stick up” (Ety/RAS). Christopher Tolkien gave it as rhaes in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (LR/383), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne corrected this to rhas in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/10). In The Etymologies it appeared beside an alternate form N. rhasg, equivalent to ᴹQ. rasko (Ety/RAS; EtyAC/RAS).

Neo-Sindarin: Some Neo-Sindarin writers adapt its variant form as ᴺS. rasg, but I recommend sticking to attested S. rass for a “horn” of both animals and mountains.

Cognates

• Q. rassë “horn, horn [of both animals and mountains]” ✧ PE17/036

Derivations

• √RAS “horn, horn; [ᴹ√] stick up”

Element in

• S. Barad Nimras “White Horn Tower” ✧ SA/ras
• S. Caradhras “Redhorn” ✧ SA/ras
• S. Caran-rass “Redhorn” ✧ PE17/036
• S. Ered Nimrais “White Mountains, (lit.) White-horns Mountains” ✧ SA/ras
• S. Methedras “Last Peak” ✧ SA/ras
• S. Nimras “White Horn”
• S. Ras-Arphain
• S. Rasmund “Horned Bull”

rafn

noun. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc.

rom

noun. horn, trumpet

rom

noun. horn, trumpet

Cognates

• Q. romba “horn, trumpet” ✧ WJ/400

Derivations

• √ROM “horn noise, horn noise; [ᴹ√] loud noise” ✧ WJ/400

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√rom > rom	[rombā] > [romba] > [romb] > [romm] > [romm] > [rom]	✧ WJ/400

-il

point

suff. point, ending. >> niphredil, til

aeg

noun. point

The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir , so there must be a noun aeg "point"

romru

noun. sound of horns

thang

noun. compulsion, duress, need, oppression

til

point

n. point, ending. >> -il, niphredil

min

noun. peak

A word glossed “peak” appearing in the name S. Min-Rimmon “Peak of the Rimmon” from the Unfinished Index to The Lord of the Rings (RC/511). It is probably a derivative of √MIN.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. mintye “peak”

Derivations

• √MIN “one, first of a series, one, first of a series; [ᴹ√] stand alone, stick out”

Element in

• S. Min-Rimmon “Peak of the Rimmon” ✧ RC/511

Variations

• min ✧ RC/511

ras

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

The form rhaes in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:10

raw

wing

n. wing. Q. ráma, pl1. rámar. >> Landroval, rov-, roval

raw

noun. wing

The Sindarin word for “wing” (PE17/63) based on the root ᴹ√RAM (Ety/RAM). Its Quenya cognate ráma indicates its ancient vowel ā was long, and this long ā became au (aw) in Sindarin. Meanwhile, the ancient m became v, which then vanished after the diphthong aw: ✱rāmā > raum(a) > rau(v) > raw.

Conceptual Development: The word G. ram “wing, pinion” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s was similarly derived (GL/64), but in Gnomish m did not become v.

Cognates

• Q. ráma “wing, wing; [ᴱQ.] arm” ✧ PE17/063

Derivations

• ᴹ√RAM “*wing, fly”

Element in

• S. roval “winged, winged; [N.] pinion, great wing (of an eagle)” ✧ PE17/063

rasg

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

rov-

wing

pref. wing. >> Landroval, raw, roval

roval

wing

n. wing. >> Landroval, raw, rov-

rû

noun. loud-sound, trumpet-sound

till

spike

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, point, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.

aeg

horn

(point, thorn). No distinct pl. form. (but aeglir can be used for a range of mountain peaks). Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) mîn (i vîn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîn), coll. pl. míniath. Note: homophones include the numeral ”one” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 3) egnas (sharp point; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassath.

horn

driven under compulsion

(impelled), lenited chorn; pl. hyrn

horn

impelled

horn (driven under compulsion), lenited chorn; pl. hyrn

horn

impelled

(driven under compulsion), lenited chorn; pl. hyrn

horn

driven under compulsion

horn (impelled), lenited chorn; pl. hyrn

horn

driven under compulsion

horn (impelled), lenited chorn; pl. hyrnÛ: Û-

rafn

horn

(wing, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn)

rasg

noun. horn

rass

horn

(mountain peak), pl. #rais (idh rais). The pl. is attested in the name Ered Nimrais. Side-form rasc, rasg.

rom

horn

1) rom (trumpet), pl. rym (idh rym), coll. pl. rommath. (Cf. also romloth ”horn-flower”, tobacco.) 2) rass (mountain peak), pl. #rais** (idh rais). The pl. is attested in the name Ered Nimrais. Side-form rasc, rasg. 3) rafn (wing, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn); 4) tarag (i darag, o tharag), pl. teraig (i theraig**). The word may be used of a ”steep mountain peak” (VT46:17; ”steep mountain path” in LR:391 is a misreading).

rom

horn

(trumpet), pl. rym (idh rym), coll. pl. rommath. (Cf. also romloth ”horn-flower”, tobacco.)

tarag

horn

(i darag, o tharag), pl. teraig (i theraig). The word may be used of a ”steep mountain peak” (VT46:17; ”steep mountain path” in LR:391 is a misreading).

till

sharp horn

(i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild.

rafn

extended point at the side

(wing, horn), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

rafn

wing

(horn, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

aeg

point

1) aeg (peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) naith (spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form. 3) nass (sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais. 4)

aeg

point

(peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing".

law

noun. sound

Cognates

• Q. láma “sound, sound; [ᴹQ.] ringing sound, echo”

Derivations

• √LAM “(inarticulate voiced) sound”

ment

point

(at the end of a thing) ment (i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath.

ment

point

(i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath**. **

naith

point

(spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form.

nass

point

(sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.

nasta

point

(verb) nasta- (i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)

nasta

point

(i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)

romru

sound of horns

pl. remry (idh remry) for archaic römry;

rû

sound of horns

pl. rui (idh rui), also romru, pl. remry (idh remry) for archaic römry

thang

compulsion

thang (duress, need, oppression, tyranny), pl. theng if there is a pl.

thang

compulsion

(duress, need, oppression, tyranny), pl. theng if there is a pl.

till

point

till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild. 5)

till

point

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild. 5)

lhûn

making sound

lenited ?thlûn or ?lûn (the lenition product of lh is uncertain), pl. lhuin. Verb

rom

trumpet

rom (horn), pl. rym (idh rym), coll. pl. rommath

rom

trumpet

(horn), pl. rym (idh rym), coll. pl. rommath

till

sharp-pointed peak

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds)  (tine, point, sharp horn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.  

ecthel

spear point

(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point”

thela

spear point

(-thel), pl. ?thili, 3) aith; no distinct pl. form.

roval

wing

1) roval (pinion, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhoval_ _pl. rhovel. 2) rafn (horn, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

roval

wing

(pinion, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *rhoval* pl. *rhovel*.

carag

spike

1) carag (i garag, o charag) (tooth of rock), pl. ceraig (i cheraig). 2) ceber (i geber, o cheber) (stake, stone ridge), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir. 3) till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, point, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild.

carag

spike

(i** garag, o charag) (tooth of rock), pl. ceraig (i** cheraig).

ceber

spike

(i** geber, o cheber) (stake, stone ridge), pl. **cebir (i** chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn** Gebir.

nellad

sound of bells

(pl. nellaid);

lammad

sound of voices

pl. lemmaid. May also be spelt with a single m.

snǣs

noun. spear-head, point, gore, triangle

Original form not entirely clear; the stem is SNAS/SNAT (LR:387), not defined but evidently to be understood as a strengthened form of NAS "point, sharp end" (LR:374). A primitive plural form natsai is mentioned under SNAS/SNAT; snǣs may derive from something like snatsâ via snats, *snas. The shift of original a to long ǣ (presumably the same vowel as in English cat, but longer) is found in this word only, but there are several examples of e from a, see spenna, scella. Perhaps a became ǣ in stressed monosyllables where there was no following consonant cluster (as in nand).

inbar

noun. horn

Element in

• Kh. Barazinbar “Redhorn” ✧ PE17/035; TI/174
• Kh. Udushinbar “Horn of Cloud”
• Kh. Zirakinbar “Silverhorn”

zirak

noun. spike

Changes

• zirak → Zirak “silver colour” ✧ PE17/036
• Zirik → Zirak ✧ TI/174

Element in

• Kh. Gamil Zirak
• Kh. Zirakzigil “Silvertine, Silver-spike” ✧ LotRI/Zirakzigil; PE17/035; PE17/036; TI/174
• Kh. Zirakinbar “Silverhorn”

Variations

• Zirak ✧ LotRI/Zirakzigil; PE17/035; PE17/036; PE17/036; TI/174
• Zirik ✧ TI/174

ras

root. horn, horn; [ᴹ√] stick up

This root first appeared as ᴹ√RAS “stick up (intr.)” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. rasse and N. rhas or rhasg “horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)” (Ety/RAS; EtyAC/RAS). It reappeared as ᴹ√RASA “stick up” on an rejected page of roots in the Quenya Verbal System from the 1940s (PE22/127). Finally, √RAS “horn” appeared in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure of the early 1950s, but that was merely the last appearance of the root in Tolkien’s published writings. Q. rassë and S. rass “horn” continued to appear regularly as an element in mountain names in the 1950s and 60s.

Derivatives

• ✶aras(sō) “hart” ✧ PE21/82
  • ᴺQ. arasso “hart, stag, (male) deer”
  • S. aras “deer, deer, hart, *stag”
• ✶rass “horn”
• Q. ras- “to stick out”
• Q. rassë “horn, horn [of both animals and mountains]”
• S. rass “horn, horn [of both animals and mountains]”
• S. ras(t) “cape, shore”

Element in

• ᴺQ. rassulca “carrot”

rass

noun. horn

Derivations

• √RAS “horn, horn; [ᴹ√] stick up”

Element in

• S. Caran-rass “Redhorn” ✧ SA/caran

til

root. point, horn

The root √TIL was used for “pointy thing” for much of Tolkien’s life, most notably as the final element in the name Q. Taniquetil “High White (or Snow) Peak”. Its earliest appearance was as unglossed ᴱ√TILI⁽⁾ or ᴱ√T͡YILI (probably the true form) in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where it had derivatives like ᴱQ. til⁽⁾ “a hair”, ᴱQ. tilde “point”, and ᴱQ. tille “eyelash” (QL/92). It was constrasted ᴱ√TILI⁽⁾ which had derivatives like ᴱQ. tilu- “shine (blue)” and ᴱQ. Tilio “Sirius” (QL/92). There is no connection between √TIL and “shine” in Tolkien’s later writings, with roots like √SIL or √TIN being used for that purpose instead.

The Etymologies of the 1930s had ᴹ√TIL “point, horn” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tilde/N. till “spike, horn” and ᴹQ. neltil/N. nelthil (Ety/TIL). The root √TIL “point” was mentioned a couple times in notes from the late 1960s in connection to finger-names (VT47/26, 28).

Derivatives

• ✶tilte “peak”
  • Q. tildë “a fine sharp point, fine sharp point, [ᴹQ.] spike; (mountain) horn, [ᴱQ.] tip, ️peak”
• Q. tillë “tip, point; [within compounds] finger, toe, tip, point; [within compounds] finger, toe; [ᴱQ.] eyelash” ✧ VT47/26; VT47/28
• S. till “point, spike, (sharp) horn, tine, ending”

Element in

• Q. hristil “snow (?peak)”
• Q. nortil “cape (of land)” ✧ VT47/28
• ᴺQ. palantilla “telescope”
• Q. Taniquetil “High White Peak” ✧ SA/til
• Q. Tilion “Horned” ✧ SA/til
• S. Celebdil “Silvertine” ✧ SA/til
• ᴺS. tinthiltha- “to twinkle, *sparkle”

Variations

• til ✧ SA/til
• til- ✧ VT47/28

tilte

noun. peak

Derivations

• √TIL “point, horn”

Derivatives

• Q. tildë “a fine sharp point, fine sharp point, [ᴹQ.] spike; (mountain) horn, [ᴱQ.] tip, ️peak”

Element in

• ✶tār(a)-ninqui-tilte “High White Peak” ✧ PE17/186

horn

adjective. driven under compulsion, impelled

horn

adjective. driven under compulsion, impelled (to do something)

Cognates

• ᴺQ. horna “driven under compulsion, impelled”

Derivations

• ᴹ√KHOR “set going, put in motion, urge on” ✧ Ety/KHOR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KHOR > horn	[kʰorna] > [xorna] > [xorn] > [horn]	✧ Ety/KHOR

rhasg

noun. horn

Derivations

• ᴹ√RAS “stick up (intr.)” ✧ Ety/RAS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√RAS > rhasg	[raske] > [rask] > [r̥ask] > [r̥asg]	✧ Ety/RAS

tarag

noun. horn

till

noun. horn

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tilde “spike, horn” ✧ Ety/TIL

Derivations

• ᴹ√TIL “point, horn” ✧ Ety/TIL

Element in

• N. Celebdil “Silvertine”
• N. Calendil “Green-tine”
• N. Tor-dilluin
• N. nelthil “triangle” ✧ Ety/TIL
• N. Nimdil “White Horn”
• N. nifredil “(green) snowdrop; *(lit.) pale point”
• N. Tilion “Horned” ✧ Ety/TIL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√TIL > tild > till	[tilde] > [tilðe] > [tilð] > [till]	✧ Ety/TIL

rhomru

noun. sound of horns

tild

noun. horn, point

till

noun. horn, point

rhom

noun. horn, trumpet

rhom

noun. horn, trumpet

Cognates

• ᴹQ. romba “horn, trumpet” ✧ Ety/ROM

Derivations

• On. romba “horn, trumpet” ✧ Ety/ROM
  • ᴹ√(O)ROM “loud noise, horn blast” ✧ Ety/ROM

Element in

• N. rhomru “sound of horns” ✧ Ety/ROM

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. romba > rhom	[romba] > [romb] > [r̥omb] > [r̥omb] > [r̥omm] > [r̥om]	✧ Ety/ROM

ment

noun. point

ment

noun. point

Cognates

• ᴹQ. mente “point, end, point, end; [ᴱQ.] peak, tip” ✧ Ety/MET

Derivations

• ᴹ√MET “end” ✧ Ety/MET

Element in

• N. Mornvenniath “Black Mountains”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MET > ment	[mente] > [mentʰe] > [menθe] > [menθ] > [ment]	✧ Ety/MET

rhafn

noun. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc.

thang

noun. compulsion, duress, need, oppression

egnas

noun. sharp point

nass

noun. angle or corner

tarag

noun. horn; steep mountain peak

A noun for “horn” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√TARAK “horn (of animals)” (Ety/TARÁK). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, Christopher Tolkien wrote that it was also used for “steep mountain pass” (LR/391), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne indicated that J.R.R. Tolkien’s actual words were “steep mountain peak” in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/17). This word appeared in the name N. Taragaer “Ruddyhorn”, a precursor to Caradhras in Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s (RS/419, 433).

Conceptual Development: A similar word G. târ “a horn” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/69), equivalent to ᴱQ. taru “horn” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/89).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tarka “horn [of animals]” ✧ Ety/TARÁK

Derivations

• ᴹ√TARAK “horn (of animals)” ✧ Ety/TARÁK

Element in

• N. Taragaer “Ruddyhorn” ✧ Ety/TARÁK

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√TARÁK > tarag	[taraka] > [tarak] > [tarag]	✧ Ety/TARÁK

nass

noun. point, (sharp) end

rhas

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

The form rhaes in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:10

carag

noun. spike, tooth of rock

egnas

noun. peak

rhasg

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

rhû

noun. loud-sound, trumpet-sound

tarag

noun. steep mountain peak

thela

noun. point (of spear)

caraes

noun. jagged hedge of spikes

ecthel

noun. point (of spear)

egthel

noun. point (of spear)

nella-

verb. to sound (of bells)