Sindarin
min
noun. peak
min
card
min
cardinal. one, one, [G.] single
min
fraction. one (first of a series)
min
adjective. our
main
ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent
mein
ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent
mindeb
place name. Mindeb
mín
pronoun. our
mein
ordinal. first
minlamad
noun. 'first voiced' or 'first-echoing', alliterative (?) verse mode (minlamad thent/estent)
The word is not translated by Tolkien. For a discussion of its probable meaning, refer to Tolkien's Legendarium p. 121-122
mín
adjective. our
miniel
proper name. Vanyar
min-rimmon
place name. Peak of the Rimmon
One of the beacon hills of Gondor (UT/747). In Tolkien’s “Unfinished Index” of The Lord of the Rings, it was translate “Peak of the Rimmon”, a combination of min “peak” and the pre-Númenorean name Rimmon (RC/511, LotR/1129).
Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared as N. Minrimmon (WR/233).
Minhiriath
noun. between the rivers
min (prefix “between”) + sîr (“river”) + ath (class plural suffix)
minas anor
place name. Tower of the (Setting) Sun
Original name of Minas Tirith, translated “Tower of the Setting Sun” (LotR/244), a combination of minas “tower” and Anor “Sun” (SA/minas, nár).
Conceptual Development: When it first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, the name N. Minas Anor was translated more literally as “Tower of the Sun” (TI/119).
minas ithil
place name. Tower of the (Rising) Moon
Original name of Minas Morgul, translated “Tower of the Rising Moon” (LotR/244), a combination of minas “tower” and Ithil “Moon” (SA/minas, sil).
Conceptual Development: When it first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, the name N. Minas Ithil was translated more literally as “Tower of the Moon” (TI/119).
minas morgul
place name. Tower of Sorcery
The name of Minas Ithil after it fell into the hands of Sauron, translated “Tower of Sorcery” (LotR/245). This name is a combination of minas “tower” and morgul “sorcery” (MR/350, PE17/31).
Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared as N. Minas Morgol “Tower of Sorcery” (TI/127), soon revised to N. Minas Morghul (TI/146) and eventually to its final form N/S. Minas Morgul (WR/230).
minas tirith
place name. Tower of Guard, Tower of Watch
The name of Minas Anor after the resurgence of Mordor, translated “Tower of Guard” (LotR/245) or “Tower of Watch” (PE17/31). The name was also used for a stronghold of the Noldor on Tol Sirion in Beleriand (S/120). This name is a combination of minas “tower” and tirith “watching, guarding” (SA/minas, tir; PE17/31).
Conceptual Development: As a tower of the Noldor, Tolkien first used the name N. Inglormindon, but revised it to N. Minnastirith (LR/146), translated “Watchtower” (LR/264). The form Minnas-tirith also appeared in The Etymologies (Ety/TIR). In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, Tolkien considered a variety of names for the capital of Gondor before settling on N. Minas Tirith (TI/115-6), which he initially translated as “Tower of Guard” (TI/127).
mindolluin
place name. Towering Blue-head
The mountain on which Minas Tirith was built (LotR/751), translated “Towering Blue-head” in Tolkien’s “Unfinished Index” of The Lord of the Rings (RC/439). It is a combination of a shortened or root form of minas “tower” with dol(l) “head” and luin “blue” (SA/minas, dol, luin).
Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared as N. Tor-dilluin, perhaps beginning with N. taur “high” (as suggested by Roman Rausch, EE/3.6), but it was soon revised to N. Mindolluin (WR/80).
minlamad thent
proper name. mode of Elvish verse
Mode of Elvish verse (UT/146; WJ/311). Its final element is thent “short”, but the meaning of the first element minlamad is unclear. It may perhaps mean “first-echoing” and refer to alliteration, as suggested by Patrick Wynne and Carl Hostetter (Tolkien’s Legendarium, p. 121-2). Tolkien said “this verse was not wholly unlike the verse known to Aelfwine” (WJ/311) and this may refer to the Old Norse or Old English styles of alliterative poetry; hat tip to Ellanto for suggesting this to me. In the Unfinished Tales as originally published, Christopher Tolkien gave this phrase as Minlamed thent/estent (UT/146), but in The War of the Jewels he said this was a slip on his part, and that J.R.R. Tolkien actually wrote Minlamad (WJ/311 and p. 315 note #3).
Minas Anor
noun. the tower of the sun
minas (“tower, fort”), Anor (“the sun”)
Minas Ithil
noun. the tower of the moon
minas (“tower, fort”), Ithil (“the moon”)
Minas Morgu
noun. tower of black magic
minas (“tower, fort”), morn (“dark, black”) + (n-)gûl (“magic, necromancy”) As for the lenition inside the second word, in L:427, Tolkien explains that “…the triconsonantal group (rng) then being reduced to rg”.
Minas Tirith
noun. tower watch
minas (“tower, fort”), tirith (“watch, guard, vigilance”)
Mindolluin
noun. pale, #blue hill
mindon (“isolated hill”) + luin (#Dor. “pale, #blue”)
Minas Morgul
'Tower of Sorcery'
topon. 'Tower of Sorcery'. >> Minas Tirith
Minas Tirith
place name. 'Tower of Watch'
topon. 'Tower of Watch', the great 'home' of Finrod, a fort built on an island in Sirion and intended to command access into Beleriand from the North. >> Minas Morgul
minna-
verb. go in
_ v. _go in, enter. >> minno
minno
verb. imp
v. imp. of minna- enter. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. >> minna-
minas
noun. tower, fort, city (with a citadel and central watch tower)
minib
cardinal. eleven
minlamad
noun. ?alliteration, (lit.) first-echoing
minuial
noun. (dawn) twilight
minna-
verb. to go in, enter
minui
ordinal. first
min-
preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)
minhiriath
place name. Between the Rivers
minai
adjective. single, distinct, unique
minas
noun. tower
minas
noun. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower
minib
cardinal. eleven
miniel
noun. an Elf, one of the Vanyar
minna-
verb. to enter
minno
verb. enter! (lit. to the inside!)
minui
ordinal. first
minuial
noun. "morrowdim", the time near dawn, when the star fade
mîn
noun. [thing] between; gap, space, barrier; anything intervening between two other things
mîn
preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)
-main
suffix. our
mîn
fraction. one (first of a series)
min
cardinal. one
1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)
min
one
mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.
main
prominent
main (lenited vain; pl. mîn) (prime, chief) (VT45:15)
main
prominent
(lenited vain; pl. mîn) (prime, chief) (VT45:15)
mi
between
mi (with article: min)
mi
between
(with article: min)
minol
noun. ingot
@@@ from Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) 2023-04-07, < PE ✱minuldā “what is poured in”
minai
distinct
minai (single, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini
minai
distinct
(single, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini**
minai
unique
minai (distinct, single), lenited vinai; pl. mini
minai
unique
(distinct, single), lenited vinai; pl. mini
minas
tower
(i vinas), pl. minais (i minais), coll. pl. minassath
minib
cardinal. eleven
minib (VT48:6-8)
miniel
first elf
(one of the tribe of the Vanyar) Miniel (i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i **Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath**. (WJ:383)
miniel
first elf
(= Vanya) Miniel (i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath. (WJ:383)
miniel
first elf
(i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath. (WJ:383)
miniel
vanya
(i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath. (WJ:383; the literal meaning of Míniel is ”First Elf”.)
minna
enter
1) minna- (i vinna, i minnar), 2) neledh- (i neledh, i neledhir) (go in)
minna
enter
(i vinna, i minnar)
minui
first
1) minui (lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form), 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”; 3) erui (single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.
minuial
twilight
(i vinuial) (dawn, morrowdim), pl. minuiail (i minuiail).
minuial
dawn
minuial (i vinuial) (morrowdim, twilight), pl. minuiail (i minuiail)
minuial
dawn
(i vinuial) (morrowdim, twilight), pl. minuiail (i minuiail)
minuial
morrowdim
(i vinuial) (dawn, twilight), pl. minuiail (i minuiail)
minuial
morrowdim
minuial (i vinuial) (dawn, twilight), pl. minuiail (i minuiail)
minai
adjective. distinct, unique, single
minui
first
(lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form)
mîn
i
(min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)
mîn
first
(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”
fela
noun. mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; minor excavations, den, mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; minor excavations, den; [N.] cave
A word for “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling” in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957, but also explained in notes from 1969 as “minor excavations made by wild animals as dens or lairs” (NM/304). It was derived from primitive ✶phelgā (NM/304; PE17/118; Ety/PHÉLEG), and the final a in this word is the result of ancient ʒ (from g) become a when word-final after another consonant.
Abnormal Plural: This word has an abnormal plural form fili (NM/304; Ety/PHÉLEG): see the section on “Final a from ancient g” in the discussion of unusual plurals for more details.
Conceptual Development: This word was tied to the name of Felagund since its introduction in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. fela “cave” was derived from ON. phelga under the root ᴹ√PHELEG of the same meaning, already with the abnormal plural fili noted above (Ety/PHÉLEG). In Notes on Names (NN) from 1957, Tolkien again had S. fela from ✶phelgā, but there the gloss was “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling]” (PE17/118). In this note Tolkien considered instead S. feleg “cave, mine, underground dwelling” as the basis for the name Felagund, derived instead from √PHELEK (PE17/118).
In a note from 1959, Tolkien gave a completely different etymology of Felagund as a loan word from Khuzdul Felakgundu “Cave Hewer” (PM/352), and this was the etymology Christopher Tolkien gave in The Silmarillion index (SI/Felagund). In a note from 1969, however, Tolkien said instead that Felagund was a nickname meaning “den-dweller” (also used for badgers), and its initial element fela was again derived from ✶phelga or philga (NM/304), with a meaning as follows:
> It was used of minor excavations made by wild animals as dens or lairs, and also as temporary dwellings by wandering folk, Dwarvish or Elvish; it was usually distinguished from the larger caves of geological formation used and extended by stone-workers. It was thus naturally used of the “setts” of badgers (which seem to have existed in great numbers in parts of Beleriand).
In this 1969 note Tolkien again mentioned its abnormal plural fili < ✶phelgai.
Neo-Sindarin: Of the various meanings for this name, I prefer its 1957 sense “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling”; its 1969 use for “den” (and felagund = “badger”) conflicts with the etymology of Felagund’s published in The Silmarillion. For “cave” I would use groth as in Menegroth “Thousand Caves” or feleg as a loan word from Khuzdul, and for “den” I would use torech as in Torech Ungol “Shelob’s Lair”.
vi
preposition. in
vi
preposition. in
feleg
noun. cave, mine, underground dwelling
A word for “cave, mine, underground dwelling” in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957, derived from the root √PHELEK, that Tolkien considered as an alternative to fela (< ✶phelgā) for the initial element of the name Felagund (PE17/118).
Conceptual Development: N. feleg “(animal’s) horn; steep mountain peak” appeared in a deleted entry in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but that seems unrelated.
Neo-Sindarin: In a note from 1959, Tolkien derived Felagund as a loan word from Khuzdul Felakgundu “Cave Hewer” (PM/352), and this was the etymology Christopher Tolkien gave in The Silmarillion index (SI/Felagund). I prefer this as the basis for Felagund’s name, and √PHELEG over √PHELEK as the ancient Elvish root. Nevertheless I think feleg “cave” may remain viable in Neo-Sindarin as a loan word from Khuzdul. The similarity of ancient Elvish PHELEG and Dwarvish radical ✱F-L-K may be a coincidence or the result of Avari influence on Ancient Dwarvish.
sabar
noun. delved mine
The unmutated form is reconstructed from the place name Nornhabar, assuming that the second word is mutated in composition. Though habar as the regular form might be possible as well, in the Qenyaqetsa we find the root SAPA "dig, excavate" (PE/12:82), so it seems most likely that Tolkien re-used this old base, and that the underlying form in those names would indeed be sabar
pethron
noun. speaker, reciter, speaker, reciter, [N.] narrator, minstrel
er
card
senc
noun/adjective. mineral-like, flinty; flint
A neologism for an adjective “mineral-like, flinty” and a noun “flint” coined by Paul Strack in 2019 specifically for Eldamo (with the noun sense added in 2021), the equivalent of Q. sinca “flint”, where the i became e via a-affection. It is derived from an adjective form of primitive ✶sinki, which may mean “mineral”; see that entry for details.
fanwos Speculative
noun. mind-picture (of apparition in dream)
sabar
mine
1) (delved mine) #sabar (i habar, o sabar), pl. sebair (i sebair). Isolated from the name Anghabar, ”iron mine”. The root _
sabar
mine
(i habar, o sabar), pl. sebair (i sebair). Isolated from the name Anghabar, ”iron mine”. The root SAPA ”dig, excavate” (QL:82) suggests that this -habar is a lenited form of ✱sabar. If the unlenited form is actually ✱habar, read: habar (i chabar, o chabar), pl. hebair (i chebair).
luig
noun. minute, moment
ind
mind
ind (inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
ind
mind
(inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
rhûd
mine
*rhûd (construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, rockhewn hall), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365).
rhûd
mine
(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, rockhewn hall), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*.
dî
in
unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
ne
in
ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129)
ne
in, inside
(prefix) (mid-)
vi
in
(prep.) 1) vi (VT44:23), with article vin; 2) ne, ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129); 3) dî, unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
vi
in
(VT44:23), with article vin
rhûd
noun. dwelling underground, artifical cave, rockhewn hall, mine
A neologism proposed by David Salo in his Gateway to Sindarin, the equivalent of Q. hróta (GS/284). As we already have plenty of attested words for caves and mines, I see no need for this word.
níthannen
verb. reduced, minor
renna-
verb. to remind
sinc
noun. *mineral, [G.] metal
gûr
inner mind
(i ’ûr, construct gur) (heart), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11)
erui
adjective. single, alone
The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui
erui
adjective. first (incorrect use by the Gondorians)
The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui
feleg
noun. cave
n. cave, mine, underground dwelling. Q. felco. Q.
mellon
noun. friend
_ n. _friend. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'.
mimp
cardinal. eleven
_ card. _eleven. Q. minque. >> imp. This gloss was rejected.
pedo
verb. imp
v. imp. of ped- say. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. >> ped-
im
between
(prep.) im (within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”I” and a noun mening ”dell, deep vale”. The word mîn (min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)
barad
tower
1) barad (fortress, fort) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations. 2) (tower or city with citadel/central watchtower) minas (i vinas), pl. minais (i minais), coll. pl. minassath
erui
single
erui (first, alone). No distinct pl. form. 3) minai (distinct, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini
erui
single
(first, alone). No distinct pl. form. 3) minai (distinct, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini**
hûn
heart
1) (physical heart) hûn (i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin), 2) (inner mind) gûr (i **ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11). 3) ind (inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath. 4) nest (core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû**- apparently meaning ”heart”..
ind
heart
(inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
ment
point
(at the end of a thing) ment (i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath.
ment
point
(i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath**. **
ostirion
watchtower, fortress with a
(pl. ostiryn). The name of the city Minas Tirith may be interpreted as ”watchtower” or ”tower of guard”.
rhûd
artificial cave
(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*
uial
twilight
1) uial (pl. uiail if there is a pl.). This can be specified as: 1) (morning twilight) minuial (i vinuial) (dawn, morrowdim), pl. minuiail (i minuiail). 2) (second twilight, before nightfall) aduial (evendim, the time of evening when the stars come out), pl. aduiail. Other terms for twilight: 1) tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl. 2) muil (i vuil) (dreariness, shadow, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)
ell
noun. Elf
mellon
noun. friend
ned
noun. first, *one more; first; *during
This word replaced the preposition uin “of the” in the third version of the King’s Letter, appearing in the phrase nelchaenen ned Echuir “the thirty-first day of Stirring”. Both Carl Hostetter (VT31/30) and David Salo (SG/229) theorized that this replacement has a similar prepositional function, from either √NOT “count” or √NED “middle”. Fiona Jallings suggested it might be a temporal preposition, with sense “during” (FJNS/349).
On VT47/40, note 67, Patrick Wynne suggested that this word might be a cognate of the newly published Quenya word net(ë) “one more”. This theory is supported by the most likely interpretation of nelchaenen. This word seems to mean “thirtieth” rather than “thirty-first”, and Patrick Wynne suggested that nelchaenen ned means “thirtieth and one more” = “thirty-first”. I find this theory the most compelling, and use it here.
-enc
suffix. our
_1st pl. poss. suff. _our.Maybe the incl. form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46.
-il
point
-men
suffix. our
Menel
noun. the heavens
_n. _the heavens, the apparent dome of the sky. Probably a Quenya word introduced into Sindarin. It was a 'pictorial' word, as the lore of the Eldar and the Númenoreans know much astronomy.
Teler
noun. an Elf, one of the Teleri
aeg
noun. point
The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir , so there must be a noun aeg "point"
amon
noun. hill, steep-sided mount
amon
hill
pl1. emyn n. hill, lump, clump, mass, often applied to (esp. isolated) mountains. Q. umbo(n). FAmon Amarth
avgaro
prefix. imp
pref. & v. imp. do not do it!
barad
noun. tower, fortress
barad
tower
1b n. tower.
barad
tower
1c n. tower. Q. marto.
cae
card
caen-
card
calben
noun. Elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person")
calben
noun. all Elves but the Avari
can
card
canad
card
cidinn
adjective. small
_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.
cidinn
?. [unglossed]
cinnog
adjective. small
_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.
cinnog
?. [unglossed]
cuio
verb. imp
v. imp. live. Cuio i Pheriain anann 'May the Halflings live long'.
dúnedhel
noun. Elf of the West, Elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar)
edhel
noun. Elf
edhel
noun. Elf
_ n. _Elf, a general name for all the Elves (since the name Quendi had gone out of use in Sindarin). Probably related to or connected with Q. Elda. >> edhellen
edhel
Elf
pl1. edhil, pl2. edhellim {ð} _n. _Elf. A name used by the Sindar for themselves, characterizing other varieties by an adjective or prefix. >> Aredhel, Thinnedhel
edhel
Elf
{ð} _n. _Elf.
edhel
Elf
d _ n. _Elf. Q. elda.
edhel
noun. Elf
edhelharn
noun. elf-stone
edro
verb. imp
v. imp. of edra-open. annon edhellen edro hi ammen! 'Elvish gate open now for us'. >> edra-
egladhrim
noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim
eglath
noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim
eglerio
verb. imp
v. imp. glorify.
eledh
noun. Elf
elen
noun. Elf
ell
noun. elf
n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form.
elleth
noun. elf-maid
ellon
noun. elf
elvellon
noun. elf-friend
eneg
card
_ card. _six. Q. enque, enc-. >> odog
er
adjective. single
galadhrim
noun. Elves of Lothlórien
glinnel
noun. Elf, one of the Teleri
golodh
noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk
golodhrim
noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes
groth
noun. cave, tunnel, large excavation
groth
noun. delving, underground dwelling
gódhel
noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk
gódhellim
noun. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk
gûr
noun. heart (in the moral sense), counsel
iathrim
noun. Elves of Doriath
im
preposition. between
imp
cardinal. twelve
imp
cardinal. twelve
_ card. _twelve. Q. yunque. imp << iug. >> imp. This gloss was rejected.
inib
cardinal. twelve
lachend
noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)
lachenn
noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)
laegel
noun. a Green Elf
laegeldrim
noun. the people of the Green Elves
laegrim
noun. the people of the Green Elves
lasto
imp
v. imp. of lasta-give ear, listen. fennas nogothrim lasto beth lammen 'doorway of the Dwarf-folk listen to the words of my tongue'. >> lasta-
leben
card
_ card. _five. Q. lepen, lempe. >> eneg
lhind
adjective. fine, slender
mad-
verb. to eat
The verb for “to eat” derived from the root √MAT of the same meaning (PE17/131; Ety/MAT). In Tolkien’s later writing it appears only in inflected forms, but the verb itself is well established, dating back all the way to G. mad- in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/56). This verb was one Tolkien often used in examples of verb conjugations and as such its inflected forms changed considerably over time, but that is more a topic of the evolution of the Sindarin verb system.
madu
?. [unglossed]
maud
?. [unglossed]
mellon
noun. friend
mimp
cardinal. eleven
mornedhel
noun. Dark-Elf
ned
preposition. (uncertain meaning) in, of (about time, e.g. giving a date)
[Another possible interpretation: "another, one more" (related to Q. net(e)), VT/47:40]
neder
card
nel
card
_ card. _three. Q. nelde. Fcan, canad, neledh
niben
adjective. small, petty
niben
adjective. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
nimp
adjective. small and frail
odog
card
_ card. _seven. Q. otos. >> tolod
peleth
noun. waning, waning, *fading
pen
pronoun. one, somebody, anybody
Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2
penedh
noun. Elf
pîn
adjective. little
Similar words occur in Gnomish (pinig "tiny, little", PE/11:64) and in Qenya (pinea "small" etc., PE/12:73)
pîn
adjective. little
rond
noun. cave roof
rond
noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed
roth
noun. cave
n. cave. Q. rondo.
rî
noun. crown, wreath, garland
tad
card
_ card. _two. Q. atta. Fnel, neledh
tad
card
card. two. . This gloss was rejected.
tawarwaith
noun. Silvan elves
telerrim
noun. the Teleri, a tribe of Elves
til
point
tol
noun. island, (steep) isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river
tolod
card
_ card. _eight. Q. tolto. >> neder
tíro
verb. imp
uial
noun. twilight
uial
noun. twilight
_ n. _twilight. Q. úyale, yúyal.
yneb
cardinal. twelve
yneg
cardinal. twelve
ódhel
noun. Deep Elf or Gnome, one of the Wise Folk
ódhellim
noun. Deep Elves or Gnomes, the Wise Folk
ýneg
cardinal. twelve
ýneg
cardinal. twelve
aeg
horn
(point, thorn). No distinct pl. form. (but aeglir can be used for a range of mountain peaks). Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) mîn (i vîn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîn), coll. pl. míniath. Note: homophones include the numeral ”one” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 3) egnas (sharp point; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassath.
aeg
point
1) aeg (peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) naith (spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form. 3) nass (sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais. 4)
aeg
point
(peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing".
aew
small bird
. No distinct pl. form.
amon
hill
1) amon (pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount), 2) dôl (i dhôl, construct dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i nôl, pl. i ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n if the former derivation had been maintained). 3) tund (i dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.
amon
hill
(pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount)
aur
morning
aur (day), pl. oer;
aur
morning
(day), pl. oer;
avar
non-eldarin elf
pl. Evair, also called
banwen
vána
(na Vanwen)
barad
tower
(fortress, fort) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations.
brand
fine
1) brand (high, lofty, noble), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 2) trîw (lenited drîw; no distinct pl. form) (slender) , 3) *lhind (slender), lenited ?thlind or ?lind (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Sugggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlind.
brand
fine
(high, lofty, noble), lenited vrand, pl. braind
calben
elf of the great journey
(i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin).
canab
cardinal. fourteen
cîl
pass between hills
(i gîl, o chîl) (cleft, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. . A homophone means ”renewal”.
dôl
hill
(i** dhôl, construct **dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i** nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i** nôl, pl. i** ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n** if the former derivation had been maintained).
dúnedhel
elf of beleriand
(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*
ecthel
spear point
(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point”
edhel
elf
edhel (pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). _(WJ:363, 377-78; _the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > Elrim_ _may also occur). But since elin also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.
edhel
elf
(pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). (WJ:363, 377-78; the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > *Elrim*** may also occur). But since elin** also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.
edhelharn
elf-stone
(pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).
elleth
elf-woman
(pl. ellith) (WJ:363-64, 377)
ellon
elf-man
(pl. ellyn)
elvellon
elf-friend
(pl. elvellyn, coll. pl. elvellonnath (WJ:412);
er
single
1) er (pl. ir) (VT48:6), 2)
er
single
(pl. ir) (VT48:6)
eru
the one
isolated from
erui
first
(single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.
fela
cave
(pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.
glâd
small forest
(i ’lâd, construct glad) (wood), pl. glaid (in glaid).
groth
cave
(i ’roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12)
grôd
cave
1) grôd (i **rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414), 2) groth (i **roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12), 3) rond (construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath, 4) roth (delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i **athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd), 5) fela (pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela** as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.
grôd
cave
(i ’rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)
gwanwel
elf of aman
(”departed” Elf), pl. gwenwil (in gwenwil), coll. pl. gwanwellath. (WJ:378) Also gwanwen; see
gûr
heart
(i ’ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11).
hûb
small landlocked bay
(i chûb, o chûb, construct hub) (harbour, haven), pl. huib (i chuib).
hûn
heart
(i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin)
im
between
(within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”
laegel
green-elf
pl. laegil; coll. pl. laegrim or laegeldrim (WJ:385). These forms from a late source would seem to supersede the ”N” forms listed in LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK: *Lhoebenidh* or *Lhoebelidh*. The Green-elves of Beleriand were also called Lindel (pl. Lindil), also Lindedhel (pl. Lindedhil) *(WJ:385)*.
lefn
elf left behind
pl. lifn.
lhind
fine
(slender), lenited ?thlind or ?lind (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Sugggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlind.
lhind
adjective. fine, slender
lhê
fine thread
(?i thlê or ?i lê – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (spider filament), pl. lhî (?i lî). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlê.
mang
noun. butter
meldis
friend
(i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.
mellon
friend
1) (masc.) mellon (i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath. 2) (fem.) meldis (i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.
mellon
friend
(i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath.
menel
heaven
(i venel), pl. menil (i menil)
mib-
verb. kiss
mib-
verb. to kiss
mornedhel
dark elf
(i Vornedhel), pl. Mornedhil (i Mornedhil). Conceivably the entire word could be umlauted in the pl.: ?Mernedhil. **(WJ:409) Another term for ”Dark Elf” is Dúredhel (i Dhúredhel), pl. Dúredhil (i Núredhil**).
muil
twilight
(i vuil) (dreariness, shadow, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)
mítha-
verb. to kiss
mîw
small
1) mîw (tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form, 2) niben (petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6) 3) SMALL (and frail) nimp, no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)
mîw
small
(tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form
naith
point
(spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form.
nass
point
(sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.
nasta
point
(verb) nasta- (i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)
nasta
point
(i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)
neleb
cardinal. thirteen
neledh
enter
(i neledh, i neledhir) (go in)
neledh
go in
neledh- (i neledh, i neledhir) (enter)
neledh
go in
(i neledh, i neledhir) (enter)
nest
heart
(core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû- apparently meaning ”heart”..
niben
small
(petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6)
nimp
small
no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)
othronn
fortress in a cave/caves
(pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (underground stronghold). Cited in archaic form othrond in the source (WJ:414).
paegan
cardinal. fourteen
paenel
cardinal. thirteen
pen
cardinal. one
(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
pen
one
(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
peredhel
half-elf
(pl. peredhil) (PM:256, 348).
pethron
narrator
pethron (i bethron, o phethron), pl. pethryn (i phethryn), coll. pl. pethronnath
pethron
narrator
(i bethron, o phethron), pl. pethryn (i phethryn), coll. pl. pethronnath
pêg
small spot
(i** bêg, construct peg) (dot), pl. pîg (i** phîg)
rafn
extended point at the side
(wing, horn), pl. raifn (idh raifn).
rond
cave
(construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath
roth
cave
(delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i ’athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd)
rî
crown
rî (construct ri) (wreath, garland), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rî)
rî
crown
(construct ri) (wreath, garland), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rî)
send
grey-elf
(i hend, o send, construct sen) (probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda), pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form).
sennui
instead
sennui (rather) (SD:128-31)
sennui
instead
(rather) (SD:128-31)
tess
fine pierced hole
(i dess, construct tes), pl. tiss (i thiss). Older ters (VT46:18).
thela
spear point
(-thel), pl. ?thili, 3) aith; no distinct pl. form.
till
sharp-pointed peak
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp horn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.
till
point
till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild. 5)
till
point
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild. 5)
tinnu
twilight
(i** dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i** thynny) if there is a pl.
tinu
small star
(i** dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds) (spark), analogical pl. tiny (i** thiny). Archaic tinw, so the coll. pl. is likely tinwath.
tithen
little
1) tithen (lenited dithen, pl. tithin) (tiny), 2) pîn (lenited bîn; no distinct pl. form) (RC:536).
toll
island
toll (i doll, o tholl, construct tol), pl. tyll (i thyll)
toll
island
(i doll, o tholl, construct tol), pl. tyll (i thyll)
trîw
fine
(lenited drîw; no distinct pl. form) (slender)
tund
hill
(i** dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i** thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.
vín
our
vín; see WE
vín
our
; see
êr
one
whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)
ýneg
cardinal. twelve
ýneg (VT47:41, VT48:6, 8, 12)
ýneg
twelve
(VT47:41, VT48:6, 8, 12)
A word glossed “peak” appearing in the name S. Min-Rimmon “Peak of the Rimmon” from the Unfinished Index to The Lord of the Rings (RC/511). It is probably a derivative of √MIN.