long (pl. lyng);
Sindarin
long
adjective. heavy
lung
adjective. heavy, heavy; [G.] grave, serious
lorn
noun. quiet water
lorn
noun. anchorage, harbour
long
heavy
long
adjective. heavy
long
heavy
(pl. lyng);
anann
adverb. long
adv. long. Cuio i Pheriain anann 'May the Halflings live long'.
and
adjective. long
adj. long. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'. >> ann
ann
adjective. long
adj. long. Rare except in old names (e.g. Anduin). >> and
and
adjective. long
and
adjective. long
ann
adjective. long
andram
place name. Long Wall
A wall of hills in Beleriand from Nargothrond to Ramdal, translated “Long Wall” (S/122). This name is a combination of and “long” and ram “wall” (SA/an(d), ram).
Conceptual Development: The name N. Andram first appeared in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s with the same translation “Long Wall” (LR/262). It also appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s with the same derivation as above (Ety/ÁNAD, RAMBĀ).
andras
place name. Long Cape
A cape south of Brithombar. This name is similar in form and has the same translation (“Long Cape”) as Andrast (WJ/189, note #56). It is also a combination of and “long” and ras(t) “cape”.
Conceptual Development: This name appeared on Tolkien’s private map of Beleriand (WJ/184) but not in the maps published in The Silmarillion. It is also mentioned in Tolkien’s Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 (WJ/379).
andrast
place name. Long Cape
A cape in southwest Gondor translated “Long Cape” (UT/214, note #6). This name is a combination of and “long” and ras(t) “cape”.
Conceptual Development: An earlier form of this name Angast appeared in Tolkien’s essay on the “Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor” (VT42/8, 15), composed between 1967-9 (VT42/5). The revised name Andrast is mentioned in notes for the posthumously published story “Aldarion and Erendis” (UT/214, note #6). The name was first published in the Pauline Baynes poster map of Middle-earth, made in consulation with Tolkien in 1969 (RC/lxiv).
andrath
place name. Long Climb [or Long Street]
This name was used to two distinct tracks. The first is a road crossing the Greenway between the Barrow-downs and the South Downs (UT/348) and running from ancient Fornost down to Tharbad (TI/305). The second is the pass from Rivendell over the Misty Mountains translated by Christopher Tolkien as “long climb” (UT/271, 278 note #4). This name is a combination of and “long” and rath “(climbing) street”.
Conceptual Development: The road crossing the Greenway was first mentioned in Lord of the Rings drafts with the name N. Amrath (perhaps “✱up-course”), soon changed to Andrath (TI/72, 79). It also appeared on draft maps for the Lord of the Rings (TI/298, 305), but the name did not appear in the published book or its maps. The road was mentioned again in Tolkien’s private essays on “The Hunt for the Ring” (UT/348). I believe Tolkien intended name this road crossing the Greenway to mean something like “✱Long Street or Long Course”.
In a different essay on “The Disaster at Gladden Fields”, the name Andrath was applied to the “high-climbing pass” over the Misty Mountains [named only in this essay], the pass that Bilbo and the Dwarves used in the Hobbit, more fully named Cirith Forn en Andrath; Christopher Tolkien suggested in this second instance it meant “long climb” (UT/271, 278 note #4).
ann-thennath
proper name. *Long-shorts
cair andros
place name. Ship of Long Foam
An island in the river Anduin (LotR/812), translated “Ship of Long Foam” (PM/371), sometimes appearing as just Andros “Long Foam (LotR/1115). This name is a combination of cair “ship”, and “long” and ross “foam, spray” (SA/an(d), ros).
Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this island was first named N. Tol Varad “Defended Isle”, soon revised to Men Falros “✱Place of Splashing Foam” (WR/326). Later in the drafts it was changed to N. Cairros “✱Ship Foam” then Andros before Tolkien settled on its full form N. Cair Andros (WR/340 note #15).
foen
place name. Long Sight
A mountain in Dorthonion appearing in Silmarillion map revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/183) and translated “Long Sight” in a philological fragment of uncertain date (WJ/187 note #32).
Achad Tarlang
place name. The long narrow 'col' or passage over the long spur of the mountains that separated Lamedon from the plain of Erech
topon. The long narrow 'col' or passage over the long spur of the mountains that separated Lamedon from the plain of Erech. It is not certain whether this was named after some ancient man with the Sindarin name Tarlang ('stiff-neck', sc. 'proud') or was due to the obsolescence of Tarlang 'the stiff, tough passage' to which S. ached had been prefixed in explanation, so that Achad Tarlang 'the crossing called Tarlang' was interpreted as 'Tarlang's Neck'. The neck was not the name of the passage but of the lower, narrower ridge (crossed by the road) between the main mountains, and the mountainous region at southern end of the spur. Fachad, lang
finnel
noun. mass of long hair
ídha
long for
ídhra
long for
ann-
prefix. long and far
_ pref. _long and far. Only preserved in certain compounds, owing to competition with ann 'gift' and ann(on) 'gate'.
anann
adverb. (for) long
andaith
noun. long-mark
andreth
noun. long-suffering, patience
angerthas
noun. runic alphabetic, (lit.) long rune-rows
foen
noun. long sight
angast
place name. Long Cape
An earlier form of Andrast appearing in Tolkien’s essay on the “Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor” (VT42/8, 15), composed between 1967-9 (VT42/5). The second element of this name appears to be the lenited form gast of an otherwise unattested word cast “cape”, perhaps related to the root √KAS “head”, as suggested by Carl Hostetter (VT42/28, note #16).
ann-thennath
noun. a verse mode, lit. "long-shorts" (alternance of long and short vowels, or rather alternance of long and short verse units, possibly of masculine and feminine rhymes)
The word is not translated by Tolkien. Refer to Tolkien's Legendarium p. 115 for a discussion of its probable meaning
i arben na megil and
Knight of the Long Sword
iphant
adjective. aged, having lived long, old (with no connotation of weakness)
lang
sword
(cutlass), pl. leng.
lorn
quiet water
(anchorage, haven, harbour), pl. lyrn (VT45:29).
anann
adverb. long, for a long time
andaith
noun. long-mark, sign used in writing alphabetic tengwar over a vowel, to indicate that it is lengthened.
anann
long
(adverb, = "for a long time") anann
anann
long
and
long
(adjective) and (pl. aind),
and
long
(pl. aind)
andaith
long mark
(no distinct pl. form). The word refers to an accent-like mark used to indicate long vowels in Tengwar modes that employ separate vowel letters, like the Mode of Beleriand.
andaith
long mark
andaith (no distinct pl. form). The word refers to an accent-like mark used to indicate long vowels in Tengwar modes that employ separate vowel letters, like the Mode of Beleriand. LONG RUNE-ROW (a certain system of runes) Angerthas (and + certhas). LONG YEAR (Valian year) ennin. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.
andaith
long mark
andaith (no distinct pl. form). The word refers to an accent-like mark used to indicate long vowels in Tengwar modes that employ separate vowel letters.
iphant
long-lived
iphant (aged, literally ”year-full”), pl. iphaint. The spelling used in the source is ”ifant” (LR:400 s.v. YEN), but since the f arises from earlier (n > m +) p via nasal mutation, it should be written ph according to the spelling conventions described in LotR Appendix E. LONG-SNOUTED ONE (= elephant), annabon, pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath. (Archaic form andabon.)
Andrath
long climb
andrath (high pass), pl. endraith,
Andrath
long climb
andrath (high pass), pl. endraith.
anann
for a long time
.
anann
for a long time
anann.
andrann
noun. cycle, age, (lit.) long cycle
angerthas
long rune-row
(and + certhas).
annabon
long-snouted one
pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath. (Archaic form andabon.)
brûn
long endured/established/in use
(old), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin;
brûn
long endured/established/in use
brûn (old), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin;
ennin
long year
. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.
glaer
long lay
glaer (i **laer) (narrative poem), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glaer**)
glaer
long lay
glaer (i **laer) (narrative poem), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glaer**);
iphant
long-lived
(aged, literally ”year-full”), pl. iphaint. The spelling used in the source is ”ifant” (LR:400 s.v. YEN), but since the f arises from earlier (n > m +) p via nasal mutation, it should be written ph according to the spelling conventions described in LotR Appendix E.
iphant
long-lived
iphant (aged, literally ”year-full”), pl. iphaint. The spelling used in the source is ”ifant” (LR:400 s.v. YEN), but since the f arises from earlier (n > m +) p via nasal mutation, it should be written ph according to the spelling conventions described in LotR Appendix E.
taen
long (and thin)
taen (lenited daen, no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”height, summit of high mountain”.
taen
long (and thin)
taen (lenited daen, no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”height, summit of high mountain”.
andrann
noun. cycle, age (100 Valian Years)
Helge Fauskanger noted that the element and "long" would normally be preserved before r-, but the -d is lost because there is another d in the word (VT/41:9); however, this second d later disappeared in the change from -nd to -nn, and it is unclear whether or not an- would then revert to and-
megil
noun. sword
_ n. _sword. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'.
pind
noun. crest
n. crest, ridge, esp. used of long (low) hill with a sharp ridge against skyline. Q. quíne. >> pend 1/2, pinn, Pinnath Gelin
pinn
noun. crest
n. crest, ridge, esp. used of long (low) hill with a sharp ridge against skyline. Q. quíne. >> pend 1/2, pind, Pinnath Gelin
anfang
longbeard
pl. Enfeng, coll. pl. Anfangrim (WJ:10, 108, 205)
annabon
elephant
annabon (lit. "long-snouted"), pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath.
annabon
elephant
(lit. "long-snouted"), pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath.
iphant
aged
iphant (long-lived, litearally ”year-full”), pl. iphaint. The spelling used in the source is ”ifant” (LR:400 s.v. YEN), but since the f arises from earlier (n > m +) p via nasal mutation, it should be written ph according to the spelling conventions described in LotR Appendix E.
iphant
aged
(long-lived, litearally ”year-full”), pl. iphaint. The spelling used in the source is ”ifant” (LR:400 s.v. YEN), but since the f arises from earlier (n > m +) p via nasal mutation, it should be written ph according to the spelling conventions described in LotR Appendix E.
reth Reconstructed
noun. endurance
A neologism coined by Vyacheslav Stepanov posted on 2024-03-01 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), probably an element in andreth “long-suffering, patience”.
duin
noun. (large) river, (large) river; [N.] water
A Sindarin word for river, more specifically a large one (LotR/1138; PM/54; RC/765; VT48/24), derived from primitive ✶duinē and the root √DUY “flow (strongly), flood, inundate” (RC/766; VT48/23-24).
Conceptual Development: The first precursor to this word seems to be G. duif “stream” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶duiwe and related to G. duil “flight” (GL/31). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. duin under the root ᴹ√DUI̯, but there it was a loan word from Ilk. duin “water, river”. After Tolkien abandoned Ilkorin, it became a native Sindarin word.
annas
5{#iD noun. length
Theoretical Sindarin; based on the attested formations thinnas (– adj. thent).
amloth
noun. flower or floreate device used as crest fixed to the point of a tall helmet
aníra-
verb. to desire
brethil
noun. silver birch
_n. Bot. _silver birch, an emblem of Elbereth. Because of its association with Elbereth, Elves associated this tree with stars, and the word was often interpreted as 'daughter of the Queen', 'princess'. >> fimbrethil, nimbrethil
brethil
noun. silver birch, silver-birch; [N.] beech
A word for a “silver-birch”, an element in the names Nimbrethil and Fimbrethil (SA/brethil). According to Tolkien it was associated with bereth “queen”:
> ... since this tree was an emblem of Elbereth, was associated by Elves with the stars, and the word by them often interpreted as “daughter of the Queen, princess”. Fuller forms nimbrethil “white princess” and fimbrethil “slender princess” were also used (PE17/23).
Tolkien went on to add that “the ordinary non-mythological word for birch was ... S chwind, whinn”, so it seems brethil was only for the specific species of birch associated with Elbereth, and the ordinary word for “birch” was whinn. In this note, Tolkien also derived brethil from √BARATH, but he may have changed his mind later; see the entry to bereth “queen” for discussion.
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. brethil was “beech (tree)” and it was derived from the root ᴹ√BERETH of the same meaning (Ety/BERETH, NEL). In later writings, “beech” was S. neldor; see that entry for discussion.
bronwe
noun. endurance, lasting quality, faith
cuia-
verb. to live
find
noun. a tress
findel
adjective. having beautiful hair
adj. having beautiful hair. >> Glorfindel
finn-
noun. a tress
fîn
noun. a tress
glae
noun. grass
A word for “grass” reported by Lisa Star from notes associated with The Lord of the Rings appendices, in unpublished material from the Marquette collection (TT17/33). It may be derived from an elaboration of the root √LAY which had other-plant related derivatives.
glandagol
noun. boundary mark
laws
noun. hair ringlet
ledhbas(t)
noun. waybread
linnod
noun. (?) a single verse used as a maxim
The word is not translated by Tolkien. The first meaning assumes that -od is a singulative affix (cf. filigod ). The second meaning is proposed by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in Tolkien's Legendarium p. 132, based on the metrical characteristics of Gilraen's linnod
linnod
noun. (?) a chant of a certain metrical type, where each (half-)verse is composed of seven syllables
The word is not translated by Tolkien. The first meaning assumes that -od is a singulative affix (cf. filigod ). The second meaning is proposed by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in Tolkien's Legendarium p. 132, based on the metrical characteristics of Gilraen's linnod
lû
noun. a time, occasion
megil
noun. sword
nen
noun. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river)
nen
noun. waterland
nen
water
{ĕ}_ n. _water, lake. Q. nén. >> nîn
o
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
o
preposition. from
_ prep. _from, of. In older S. o had the form od before vowels. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'.
o
preposition. from
_ prep. _from. . This gloss was rejected.
od
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
sirion
place name. Great River
The Great River of Beleriand (S/120), a combination of sîr “river” and the adjective iaun “wide”, reduced to its suffixal form -ion also seen in the names of lands (PE17/42).
Conceptual Development: This river was named G. Sirion in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/238) and was explained as an archaic word for “river” in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/67). The name N. Sirion appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s as an elaboration of N. sîr (Ety/SIR). The derivation given above appeared in Tolkien’s Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/42). In an early name list its Qenya equivalent was given as ᴱQ. Sirion as well (PE13/102).
taith
noun. mark
andrann
cycle
andrann (age), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand.
andrann
cycle
(age), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand. ****
aníra
desire
(vb.) aníra- (i aníra, in anírar);
aníra
desire
(i aníra, in anírar);
bronadui
enduring
bronadui (lasting). Lenited vronadui. No distinct pl. form.
bronadui
enduring
(lasting). Lenited vronadui. No distinct pl. form.
bronwe
endurance
bronwe (i vronwe)
bronwe
endurance
(i vronwe)
caul
heavy burden
(i gaul, o chaul) (affliction), pl. coel (i choel), coll. pl. colath;
cuia
live
(i guia, i chuia; the attested form is the imperative cuio). Also cuina (i guina, i chuinar).
dram
heavy stroke
(i dhram) (blow), pl. draim (in draim)
fast
shaggy hair
(pl. faist if there is a pl.).
find
hair
(construct fin), no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. finnath.
find
tress
find (lock of hair). Construct fin; no distinct pl. form; coll pl. finnath.
find
tress
(lock of hair). Construct fin; no distinct pl. form; coll pl. finnath.
fîn
hair
1) (a single hair) fîn (construct fin), no distinct pl. form. (PM:362), 2) (lock of hair, tress) find (construct fin), no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. finnath.
fîn
hair
(construct fin), no distinct pl. form. (PM:362)
glae
grass
glae (i **lae), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glae**).
glae
grass
(i ’lae), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glae).
golu
secret lore
(i ngolu = i ñolu, o n’golu = o ñgolu), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath as the likely coll. pl.****
hathel
broadsword blade
(i chathel, o chathel) (axe blade), pl. hethil (i chethil)
ia
ago
ia, io
ia
ago
io
ist
lore
ist (knowledge); no distinct pl. form.
ist
lore
(knowledge); no distinct pl. form.
lû
time
_(a time) _1) lû (occasion), pl. lui, coll. pl. lúath.
lû
time
(occasion), pl. lui, coll. pl. lúath.
magol
sword
(i vagol), analogical pl. megyl (i megyl), coll. pl. maglath (though analogical ?magolath may also be possible). In ”Noldorin”, this was the native word for ”sword” (derived from primitive makla, as is Quenya macil); it is unclear whether Tolkien definitely replaced it with megil when he turned ”Noldorin” into Sindarin, or whether both words coexist in the language.
megil
sword
1) megil (i vegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i megil). This is a borrowing from Quenya macil (VT45:32). 2) magol (i vagol), analogical pl. megyl (i megyl), coll. pl. maglath (though analogical ?magolath may also be possible). In ”Noldorin”, this was the native word for ”sword” (derived from primitive makla, as is Quenya macil); it is unclear whether Tolkien definitely replaced it with megil when he turned ”Noldorin” into Sindarin, or whether both words coexist in the language. 3) lang (cutlass), pl. leng.
megil
sword
(i vegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i megil). This is a borrowing from Quenya macil (VT45:32).
nên
water
nên (lake, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn. FLOOD-WATER (or ”wash”) iôl (pl. ŷl) (RC:334, VT48:33).
nên
water
(lake, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.
o
of
(od), followed by hard mutation. With article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by ”mixed” mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366). Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning”.
rand
noun. cycle
raw
rush
(noun, roaring noise) 1) raw (pl. roe, idh roe)
raw
rush
(pl. roe, idh roe)
rib
rush
(verb) rib- (i rîb, idh ribir) (fly, fling)
rib
rush
(i rîb, idh ribir) (fly, fling)
sirion
great river
sirion (i hirion, o sirion), pl. siryn (i siryn).
taen
thin
(lenited daen, no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”height, summit of high mountain”.
taith
mark
(noun) taith (i daith, o thaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaith). Archaic teith.
taith
mark
(i daith, o thaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaith). Archaic teith.
thâr
stiff grass
pl. thair if there is a pl; coll. pl. tharath.
îr
sexual desire
(VT46:23)
Sindarin adjective meaning “heavy” attested only in the name Mablung “Heavy Hand” (S/185). Given this name’s Quenya cognate Q. Lungumá (VT47/19), S. lung probably developed from primitive ✱✶lungŭ, where the [[s|[u] was prevented from become [o] by the presence of the nasal [ŋ]]].
The Gnomish glosses for this word from the 1910s included the more metaphorical senses of “grave, serious” (GL/55). It’s possible the Sindarin word could be used in this way as well.
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the word for “heavy” was also G. lung (GL/55), an element in the name G. Mablung as well (LT2A/Mablung). Its primitive form was not given, but judging by the related word G. luntha- “to balance, weigh”, it might have been ✱ᴱ√LUŊU. The form ᴱN. lung “heavy” reappeared in the Early Noldorin Grammar from the 1920s (PE13/122), but became ᴱN. lhung in the (Early) Noldorin Dictionary (PE13/163), after Tolkien decided that [[en|initial [r-], [l-] were unvoiced]].
In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the Noldorin form of this word was N. lhong derived from primitive ᴹ✶lungā (Ety/LUG¹), where [[n|the [u] became [o] due to a-affection]]. At this point in time, Mablung was Doriathrin/Ilkorin rather than a Noldorin name (Ety/MAP), so there was no conflict.
After Tolkien abandoned the Ilkorin language, Mablung would have become a Sindarin name, and Tolkien needed a new etymology for it. Judging by its later Quenya cognate Lungumá (VT47/19), it seems that Tolkien revised the primitive form of this word from ✶lungā to ✶lungŭ, as described above, possibly a restoration of its etymology from the 1920s. This meant there was no a-affection in the Sindarin development, making S. lung the Sindarin form of the word.
Neo-Sindarin: I personally prefer S. lung for the Sindarin word for “heavy”, but some Neo-Sindarin authors use the reformed word ᴺS. ^long, based on the Noldorin word lhong in The Etymologies, switching to a voiced [l] because the unvoicing of initial [l], [r] does not happen in Sindarin phonology.