poss. art. used with object, e.g. dagnir an Glaurung 'Slayer of Glaurung' = he who slew Glaurung. [?preceded article in form] eni, e.g. mellyn enin Edhellion.
Sindarin
an
to
an
used with object
an
preposition. to, towards, for
With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath
and
adjective. long
The Sindarin word for “long”, appearing as both and and ann, derived from primitive ✶andā based on the root √ANAD (PE17/12, 40, 90, 121; VT42/28). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. ann “long” of the same derivation (Ety/ÁNAD).
Possible Pronunciation: In one note from the mid-1960s Tolkien said “S †ann- only preserved in certain compounds, owing to competition with ann (< annā) ‘gift’, and ann(on) ‘gate’, of different origin” (PE17/90) and in a note from 1959 Tolkien said “S ann/and rare except in old words or names as anduin” (PE17/40). Despite these claims of rarity, and/and appears in a very large number of compounds, far more than ann “gift”.
One way of resolving this ambiguity is to assume the normal pronunciation of this as a standalone word is and rather than ann, in keeping with the notion that the sound “remained nd at the end of fully accented monosyllables” in Sindarin (LotR/1115). The reduction an(n) would then only occur in compounds like anann “for long” and Anfang “long beard”.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. {indra >>} in(d)ra “long (also used of time)” based on primitive ᴱ√ṇdr (GL/51).
ann
noun. gift
The most commonly accepted Sindarin word for “gift” is S. ann, equivalent to Quenya Q. anna “gift”, both derived from ✶annā based on the root √ANA “towards” (PE17/90). It was also an element in the names Melian “Dear Gift” (SA/mel) and Rían “Crown Gift” (Ety/RIG). However, Tolkien experimented with a variety of other forms throughout his life.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. ôn “gift” related to the verb G. antha- “give” (GL/19, 62), both based on the early root ᴱ√ANA “give, send towards” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/31). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. {ann >>} ant “gift” under the root ᴹ√ANA “to, towards” (Ety/ANA¹; EtyAC/ANA¹). S. ann “gift” < ✶annā appeared in notes from around 1967 (PE17/90). In Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 Tolkien had S. anw as the equivalent of Q. anwa “gift” (PE22/163), perhaps derived from ✱(h)an-mā.
anfang
proper name. Longbeard
The Dwarvish tribe of northwestern Middle-earth, also known as Durin’s Folk (PM/321). The name translates as “Longbeard”, a compound of and “long” and fang “beard” (PM/321). The name also appears in its plural form Enfeng and its class-plural Anfangrim (PM/321, WJ/10).
Conceptual Development: In the Lost Tales and the earliest Silmarillion drafts this tribe was called the G. Indrafang (LT2/68, SM/104). In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the variant form G. Surfang or Fangsur also appeared (GL/68). The name was later changed to N. Enfeng (plural) in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/274), and the singular form N. An(d)fang appeared in The Etymologies (Ety/ÁNAD, SPÁNAG).
The name S. Enfeng appeared in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/10, 75), but did not appear in the published version of The Silmarillion. The name was referenced in some notes to Tolkien’s essay “Of Dwarves and Men”, composed around 1969, along with Khuzdul and Quenya translations (PM/321).
An(d)fang
noun. long beard
and (“long”) + fang (“beard”)
anann
adverb. long
adv. long. Cuio i Pheriain anann 'May the Halflings live long'.
and
adjective. long
adj. long. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'. >> ann
ann
adjective. long
adj. long. Rare except in old names (e.g. Anduin). >> and
an-
prefix. intensive prefix
anann
adverb. long, for a long time
and
adjective. long
anha-
verb. to give
ann
adjective. long
ann
noun. gift
n. gift.
anw
noun. gift
anw
noun. gift
lavan
noun. animal
A word for an “animal” in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, where Tolkien said it “usually only applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds” (WJ/416). It was derived from the root √LAM in the sense “inarticulate voiced sound”.
Conceptual Development: ᴱN. lafn was mentioned as a cognate to ᴱQ. lama “animal” in the Early Qenya Phonology from the 1920s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶labna (PE14/70).
lavan
noun. animal (usually applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds)
gurth an glamhoth
Death to the din-horde
naur an edraith ammen
fire [be] for saving of us
ón annin
*he gave (it) to me
dagnir an glaurung
slayer of Glaurung
galan
elm
pl1. gelain _ n. Bot. _elm. . This gloss was rejected.
morchant
noun. shadow (of objects, cast by light), dark shape
nan
preposition. of
paean
cardinal. ten
an
for
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
for
(adverbial prefix) an-
an
to
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
to
(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)
an
for
(+ nasal mutation), with article ’ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
for the
(for) + i (the).
roval
noun/adjective. winged, winged; [N.] pinion, great wing (of an eagle)
An adjective appearing as an element in the name S. Landroval “Broad Winged” (PE17/63). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, however, its immediate precursor was a noun N. rhofal (with the Noldorin-style sound change of initial r to voiceless rh) glossed “pinion, great wing (of an eagle)” under the root ᴹ√RAM (Ety/RAM).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume that roval can be either an adjective for “winged” or a noun for a “pinion” (feathered part of a wing), especially of great birds like eagles.
Edhelvein
noun. 'fair as an Elf'
prop. n. 'fair as an Elf', a title of Arwen.
galen
noun. maybe an abbreviated form used for galenas
n. Bot. maybe an abbreviated form used for galenas. >> galenas
an-
very
(as adverbial prefix) an-, as in:
andaith
long mark
(no distinct pl. form). The word refers to an accent-like mark used to indicate long vowels in Tengwar modes that employ separate vowel letters, like the Mode of Beleriand.
ant
gift
ant, pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.
ant
gift
pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.
anann
long
(adverb, = "for a long time") anann
anc
jaw
anc (row of teeth), pl. ainc, coll. pl. angath.
anc
jaw
(row of teeth), pl. ainc, coll. pl. angath.
and
long
(adjective) and (pl. aind),
anfang
longbeard
pl. Enfeng, coll. pl. Anfangrim (WJ:10, 108, 205)
anfang
longbeard
(a member of a certain tribe of Dwarves) Anfang, pl. Enfeng, coll. pl. Anfangrim (WJ:10, 108, 205)
angerthas
long rune-row
(and + certhas).
annabon
long-snouted one
pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath. (Archaic form andabon.)
an-
very
as in:
anann
long
and
long
(pl. aind)
oew
noun. an evil deed
dae
noun. shadow, shadow (cast by an object or form), [N.] shade
Teler
noun. an Elf, one of the Teleri
inn
noun. some particular purpose or intention of an individual
miniel
noun. an Elf, one of the Vanyar
lavan
animal
(quadrupedal mammal) lavan, pl. levain (WJ:416)
lavan
animal
pl. levain (WJ:416)
gwanwel
elf of aman
(”departed” Elf), pl. gwenwil (in gwenwil), coll. pl. gwanwellath. (WJ:378) Also gwanwen; see
iaur
adjective. ancient, old, original
morchant
shadow
- morchant (i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form. 2) dae (i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae). 3) daew (i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8). 4) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261) 5) muil (i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil**),
morchant
shadow
(i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form.
panna
open
(i banna, i phannar) (enlarge). Note: a homophone means ”fill”.
ar(an)eg
noun. kinglet
adanadar
father of men
normally pl. Edenedair "Fathers of Men", the early Edain.
acharn
noun. vengeance
n. (an act of) vengeance.
achared
noun. vengeance
_n. _vengeance.
achared
noun. vengeance
acharn
noun. vengeance
atheg
noun. thumb (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
dúnedhel
noun. Elf of the West, Elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar)
galad
noun. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water)
tawarwaith
noun. Silvan elves
tol
noun. island, (steep) isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river
heria
have an impulse
heria- (i cheria, i cheriar) (be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously, set vigorously out to do) (VT45:22)
heria
impulse, have an
heria- (i cheria, i cheriar) (be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously, set vigorously out to do) (VT45:22)
alaf
noun. elm
The Sindarin word for “elm” appearing in notes from 1959, derived from the root √ALAB of similar meaning (PE17/153).
Conceptual Development: Tolkien used similar “elm” words for much of his life. The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. lalm or larm “an elm, elm-wood” along with a more elaborate form G. {lalmin >>} lalmir “an elm tree” (GL/52). These were clearly cognates to ᴱQ. alalme “elm (tree)” under the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” (QL/29). Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s had an unrelated form ᴱN. {aulin >>} ólin “elm” (PE13/151). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien reverted to N. lalf or N. lalven “elm-tree” under the root ᴹ√ÁLAM of the same meaning (Ety/ÁLAM). This root had a variant ᴹ√LÁLAM, under which Tolkien had N. lhalwen or lhalorn “elm-tree” (Ety/LÁLAM).
Neo-Sindarin: In theory the 1930s “elm” words might be used with some adaptations like ᴺS. lalorn for N. lhalorn, but I’d simply stick to the 1959 “elm” word alaf for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.
lheweg
noun. ear
The Sindarin word for “ear” was derived from primitive √S-LAS, an elaboration of √LAS “listen” (PE17/62). Its singular form lheweg is somewhat unusual. Based on its Quenya cognate Q. hlas (< ✶slas), its historical singular should probably be ✱lhâ. However, the modern Sindarin form was actually based on the (fossilized) dual lhaw < ✶slasū, from which a singular form lheweg “ear” was derived using the singular suffix -eg < -ikā (PE23/136), though it isn’t clear why the base vowel also changed from a to e since a-affection normally precedes (and prevents) i-affection.
The typical word for “ears” is the fossilized dual lhaw, but that can only be used to refer to the pair of ears on a single person, and this lhaw is treated as singular noun for purposes of verb and adjective agreement. When referring to multiple ears more generally, the plural lhewig is used (PE23/136).
Conceptual Development: Tolkien described a similar scenario in The Etymologies of the 1930s, except the singular was N. {lhaweg >>} lhewig and it was derived directly from ᴹ√LAS “listen” (Ety/LAS²; EtyAC/LAS²). The voiceless lh- in this word was the result of the Noldorin sound-change of the 1930s whereby ancient initial r-, l- were unvoiced. This Noldorin dual lhaw made it into Lord of the Rings drafts as part of Amon Lhaw “Hill of Hearing, (lit.) of Ears” (TI/364), a form that Tolkien retained in the published version (LotR/393). Since the unvoicing of initial l was no longer a feature of Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, Tolkien needed to contrive a new derivation from primitive √S-LAS.
The Gnomish word for “ear” from the 1910s had a completely different basis: it was G. unc “ear, handle (of a jar)” (GL/75), cognate to ᴱQ. unk derived from the root ᴱ√ṆQṆ (QL/98).
neldor
noun. beech
A Sindarin word for “beech” appearing in the names Taur-na-Neldor “Beech-forest” (LotR/469; RC/384) and Neldoreth, the name of a forest with beeches (S/55; PE17/81).
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Ilk. neldor was an Ilkorin word based on ᴹ√NÉL-ED “three”, which Tolkien said was “properly name of Hirilorn the great beech of Thingol with three trunks = neld-orn ? [question mark from Tolkien]” (Ety/NEL). In the 1910s and 20s, ᴱQ. neldor “beech” was an Early Qenya word (PE16/139; QL/65), and its cognates in this period were G. deldron “beech” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/30), G. deil(i)an or delwen “beech” in Gnomish Lexicon Slips (PE13/112), and ᴱN. {de(i)lian >>} deilian “beech-tree” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/142).
Possible Etymology: The Ilkorin derivation from √NELED is no longer suitable in Sindarin, since we would expect [[s|[d] > [ð]]] as in S. neledh “three”. It is possible Tolkien simply never reexamined the etymology of this word after it became Sindarin. Alternately, it could be nel- “tri-” + taur “forest” or -dor “-lord” or something similar.
edhel
Elf
pl1. edhil, pl2. edhellim {ð} _n. _Elf. A name used by the Sindar for themselves, characterizing other varieties by an adjective or prefix. >> Aredhel, Thinnedhel
iaur
ancient
iaur (in compounds ior-, iar-) (old, former), pl. ioer
iaur
ancient
(in compounds ior-, iar-) (old, former), pl. ioer
fân
manifested body of a vala
(veil, cloud), construct fan, pl. fain.
gor
warn
gor- (i **ôr, i ngerir** = i ñerir) (counsel) (VT41:11)
gor
warn
(i ’ôr, i ngerir = i ñerir) (counsel) (VT41:11)
acharn
vengeance
acharn (pl. echern)
acharn
vengeance
(pl. echern)
dúnedhel
elf of beleriand
(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*
elleth
elf-woman
(pl. ellith) (WJ:363-64, 377)
ellon
elf-man
(pl. ellyn)
renia
wander
renia- (sail, fly, stray) (i renia, idh reniar).
renia
wander
(sail, fly, stray) (i renia, idh reniar).
toll
island
toll (i doll, o tholl, construct tol), pl. tyll (i thyll)
toll
island
(i doll, o tholl, construct tol), pl. tyll (i thyll)
-(r)on
suffix. agental suffix
A (masculine) agental suffix appearing as either -on or -ron. The -on variant is derived from ancient ✶-on(do), as seen in [N.] callon “hero” < ᴹ✶kalrondō (Ety/KAL). The -ron variant arose from the addition of ✶-on(do) to the ancient agental suffix ✶-ro after vowel losses made that suffix indistinct. This can be seen most clearly in [N.] thavron “carpenter” < [ON.] sthabro(ndo) < ᴹ✶stabrō (Ety/STAB). Other times the reduced -r became syllabic -or, as in [N.] tavor “woodpecker, [lit.] knocker” < tafr [tavr] < ᴹ✶tamrō (Ety/TAM).
Sometimes the suffix -(r)on was specifically masculine, as in Ellon vs. Elleth “Elf (m./f.)” and [N.] odhron vs. odhril “parent (m./f.)” (WJ/363; Ety/ONO). Other times it seems to be more neutral in meaning, as in pethron “speaker” or mellon “friend” (PE18/100). As a suffix in names, -on is only masculine.
Conceptual Development: The suffix G. -(r)on dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, but in Early Noldorin Word lists of the 1920s, it usually appeared as ᴱN. -ion.
-or
suffix. agental suffix
A general agental suffix that developed from the ancient suffix ✶-ro, mainly when final r became syllabic -or after other consonants. This can be seen most clearly in [N.] tavor “woodpecker, [lit.] knocker” derived from older tafr [tavr] < ᴹ✶tamrō (Ety/TAM).
Conceptual Development: This agental suffix also appeared as G. -or in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s in words such as G. nandor “farmer” and G. ecthor “swordsman”. It appeared in a quite a few words in The Etymologies of the 1930s. There is some evidence of it in Tolkien’s later writings, such as S. magor “swordsman” attested in S. Menelvagor “Swordsman of the Sky” (LotR/81), and in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 Tolkien said -or was a variant of the masculine agental suffix -on used after n (PE17/141). This variant had a plural form -yr.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, most people assume -or is a gender-neutral agental suffix.
adar
noun. father
The Sindarin word for “father”, derived from the root √AT(AR) (PM/324; VT44/21-22; VT48/19).
Conceptual Development: N. adar “father” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√ATA of the same meaning (Ety/ATA). In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, however, G. †ador “father” was marked as archaic, and it seems {athon >>} G. nathon was the ordinary word for ”father” (GL/17, 59).
laud
noun. feather
rhond
noun. body
A Sindarin word for “body”, cognate of Q. hrondo, appearing as rhonn in Quenya Notes from 1957 (QN: PE17/183) and as rhond or rhonn in notes concerning spirit, also probably from 1957 (NM/237). In the former document, it was derived from the root √SRON, a variant of √RON “solid, tangible, firm” (PE17/183).
Neo-Sindarin: Its Quenya cognate hrondo was replaced by Q. hröa < ✶srawā in notes from 1958-59 (MR/209, 350). However, the Sindarin equivalent of hroa was rhaw, a word that also meant “flesh” along with many other (Neo) Sindarin meanings such as “wild” and “lion”. As such, I would retain rhond as “body” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin; the continued viability of the root √RON is indicated by other words like S. Grond.
rhû
noun. matter
A Sindarin word appearing as {hrū >} rhû “matter” in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957, cognate to Q. hrón “flesh/substance of Arda, matter” and derived from srōn < √SRON, a root variation of √RON “solid, tangible, firm”. In later writings Tolkien revised its Quenya cognate to {orma} > erma (MR/218, 231 note #26, 338, 359 note #14).
Neo-Sindarin: I would retain S. rhû for “matter”, and would assume it was of independent derivation from its Quenya equivalent.
êl
noun. star
A Sindarin word for “star” that is largely archaic and poetic, and is mainly used as element in names like Elrond (Let/281; WJ/363; Ety/EL); the more usual word for “star” in ordinary speech was gil (RGEO/65). However, the collective form elenath is still used in common speech to refer to the entire host of stars (WJ/363). The plural of êl is elin, as this word was derived from ancient ✶elen, and the final n that was lost in the singular was preserved in the plural. In some cases Tolkien posited a restored analogical singular elen from the plural form (PE17/24, 67, 139), but this isn’t in keeping with the notion that the word was archaic, so I would ignore this for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.
Conceptual Development: This word and its root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. el “star” was derived from the root ᴹ√EL of similar meaning, but was “only [used] in names” (Ety/EL). It seems Tolkien introduced the root to give a new etymology for names like N. Elrond and N. Elwing, which initially appeared under the root ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” (Ety/ƷEL).
gil
noun. star, bright spark
na
to
e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2
na
preposition. to
prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2
ha
it
ha, han, hana. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)
ha
it
han, hana. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)*
ruin
red flame
(no distinct pl. form except with article: idh ruin) (blazing fire). Also used as an adj. ”fiery red, burning”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366)
en
preposition. of the
pae
cardinal. ten
ui
adverb. ever
ad
re
also meaning "back, again, second"
ad
re-
(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "back, again, second"
bad
go
#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
bad
go
(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
calad
light
_(noun) _1) calad (i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i **aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i **âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).
calad
light
(i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i ’aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i ’âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).
edhel
elf
edhel (pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). _(WJ:363, 377-78; _the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > Elrim_ _may also occur). But since elin also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.
edhel
elf
(pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). (WJ:363, 377-78; the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > *Elrim*** may also occur). But since elin** also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.
edhelharn
elf-stone
(a term for beryl) edhelharn (pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31). SEEING STONE (palantír) *gwachaedir (i **wachaedir), no distinct pl. form except with prefixed article (in gwachaedir), coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter form assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch** (PM:186).
edra
open
(verb) 1) *edra- (i edra, in edrar), only attested in imperative form edro. 2) panna- (i banna, i phannar) (enlarge). Note: a homophone means ”fill”.
gail
light
(adjective) 1) gail (bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18), 2) lim (clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.
glawar
sunlight
(i ’lawar) (gold, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair) if there is a pl. (VT41:10)
hol
close
#hol- (i chôl, i chelir), pa.t. perhaps holl as suggested by the passive participle hollen ”closed” (the only attested form of this verb). Conceivably, hollen in the source could be a lenited form of sollen, in which case this verb should begin in s- rather than h- when not mutated.
hol
close
(i chôl, i chelir), pa.t. perhaps holl as suggested by the passive participle hollen ”closed” (the only attested form of this verb). Conceivably, hollen in the source could be a lenited form of sollen, in which case this verb should begin in s- rather than h- when not mutated.****
lach
flame
(noun) 1) lach (leaping flame), pl. laich; 2) naur (in compounds nar-, -nor) (fire, sun), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath, 3) rill (construct ril) (brilliance, glittering reflected light), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rill).
lach
flame
(leaping flame), pl. laich; 2) naur (in compounds nar-, -nor) (fire, sun), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath, 3) rill (construct ril) (brilliance, glittering reflected light), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rill).
laegel
green-elf
pl. laegil; coll. pl. laegrim or laegeldrim (WJ:385). These forms from a late source would seem to supersede the ”N” forms listed in LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK: *Lhoebenidh* or *Lhoebelidh*. The Green-elves of Beleriand were also called Lindel (pl. Lindil), also Lindedhel (pl. Lindedhil) *(WJ:385)*.
lalven
elm tree
lalven (also spelt lalwen), pl. lelvin (lelwin). Alternative form lalorn (pl. lelyrn), also short form lalf (pl. lelf according to LR:348 s.v. ÁLAM; David Salo would read Sindarin leilf to go with eilph ”swan”).
lim
light
(clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.
mornedhel
dark elf
(i Vornedhel), pl. Mornedhil (i Mornedhil). Conceivably the entire word could be umlauted in the pl.: ?Mernedhil. **(WJ:409) Another term for ”Dark Elf” is Dúredhel (i Dhúredhel), pl. Dúredhil (i Núredhil**).
na
with
(in instrumental sense?) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
na
with
(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
o
from
(od), followed by hard mutation; with article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by mixed mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366) Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning” (q.v. for this meaning of ”of”). 2) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of” 3)
pae
cardinal. ten
pae (the ”Noldorin” form caer listed in the Etymologies was apparently abandoned by Tolkien).
pae
ten
(the ”Noldorin” form caer listed in the Etymologies was apparently abandoned by Tolkien).
rhaw
body
rhaw (?i thraw or ?i raw the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (flesh), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350).
rhaw
body
(?i thraw or ?i raw – *the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (flesh), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350)*.
taen
thin
(lenited daen, no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”height, summit of high mountain”.
-i
suffix. adjectival suffix
avar
proper name. Refuser
caen
cardinal. ten
di
preposition. with
edhel
noun. Elf
eledh
noun. Elf
ell
noun. Elf
him
adverb/adjective. ever, ever, [N.] enduring, continually; steadfast, abiding
penedh
noun. Elf
peth
noun. word
dae
adverb. very
pess
noun. feather
plinn
noun. arrow
roval
noun. pinion, great wing (of eagle)
adar
noun. father
alaf
noun. elm
_ n. Bot. _elm. Q. albe.
atheg
noun. "litte father"
avar
noun. refuser
This plural name was known to the loremasters, but went out of daily use at the time of the Exile
avar
noun. the Avari, Elves who refused the invitation of the Valar
This plural name was known to the loremasters, but went out of daily use at the time of the Exile
beth
noun. word
_n. _word.
boda
verb. refuse, forbid
brethil
noun. beech, beech-tree, silver birch
cae
cardinal. ten
caen-
cardinal. ten
calad
gerund noun. light
calad
noun. light
_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> galad
calben
noun. Elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person")
calben
noun. all Elves but the Avari
carach
noun. jaw, row of teeth
dae
noun. shadow
di
preposition. with
_ prep. _with. Q. lé.
edhel
noun. Elf
edhel
noun. Elf
_ n. _Elf, a general name for all the Elves (since the name Quendi had gone out of use in Sindarin). Probably related to or connected with Q. Elda. >> edhellen
edhel
Elf
{ð} _n. _Elf.
edhel
Elf
d _ n. _Elf. Q. elda.
edhelharn
noun. elf-stone
edra-
verb. to open
edra-
verb. open
_ v. _open (out). >> edro
edro
verb. open!
egladhrim
noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim
eglath
noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim
el
star
n. star.
elen
star
pl1. elin, pl2. elenath _n._star. Its collective plural (pl2.) designates 'the (host of all the) stars, (all) the (visible) stars of the firmament'. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'. >> êl
elen
noun. star
elen
noun. Elf
ell
noun. elf
n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form.
elleth
noun. elf-maid
ellon
noun. elf
elvellon
noun. elf-friend
en
of the
poss. art. of the.
galad
light
_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> calad, Caras Galadon
galadhrim
noun. Elves of Lothlórien
gil-
noun. star
giliath
noun. all the host of stars
gill
noun. star
glinnel
noun. Elf, one of the Teleri
golodh
noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk
golodhrim
noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes
guruthos
noun. the shadow of death, death-horror
gwath
noun. shade, shadow, dim light
gwath
noun. stain
gódhel
noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk
gódhellim
noun. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk
iathrim
noun. Elves of Doriath
iaur
adjective. older, former
lach
noun. (leaping) flame
lacha-
verb. to flame
lachend
noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)
lachenn
noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)
lacho
verb. flame!
laden
adjective. open, cleared
laegel
noun. a Green Elf
laegeldrim
noun. the people of the Green Elves
laegrim
noun. the people of the Green Elves
lalorn
noun. elm-tree
lalwen
noun. elm-tree
lhaw
noun. ears (referring to one person's pair of ears only)
lum
noun. shade
mell
adjective. dear
_ adj. _dear, beloved. Q. melda.
mornedhel
noun. Dark-Elf
na
preposition. with, by (also used as a genitive sign)
na
preposition. to, towards, at
naur
noun. flame
naur
noun. fire
pae
cardinal. ten
peth
noun. word
peth
word
(beth) _ n. word. fennas nogothrim lasto beth lammen _'doorway of the Dwarf-folk listen to the words of my tongue'. Q. quetta. >> beth
rhond
noun. body
rhonn
noun. body
rhû
matter
telerrim
noun. the Teleri, a tribe of Elves
ten
pronoun. (?) it (as object)
ui-
prefix. ever
uin
preposition. of the
êl
noun. star (little used except in verses)
êl
star
pl1. elin, pl2. elenath** ** n. star. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni, pl2. elelli. >> elen
ódhel
noun. Deep Elf or Gnome, one of the Wise Folk
ódhellim
noun. Deep Elves or Gnomes, the Wise Folk
ada
father
(pl. edai)
ada
daddy
ada (pl. edai)
ada
daddy
(pl. edai)
adar
father
adar (pl. edair);
adar
father
(pl. edair);
ammen
for us
(to us).
avar
non-eldarin elf
pl. Evair, also called
bellas
bodily strength
(i vellas), pl. bellais (i mellais) if there is a pl.
brûn
long endured/established/in use
(old), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin;
calben
elf of the great journey
(i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin).
carach
jaws
(set of jaws) carach (i garach, o charach), pl. ceraich (i cheraich)
carach
jaws
(i garach, o charach), pl. ceraich (i cheraich)
dae
shadow
(i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae).
dae
very
dae (exceedingly). Lenited dhae.
dae
very
(exceedingly). Lenited dhae.
dae
shade
(i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae)
daew
shadow
(i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8).
dúath
dark shadow
(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith). Compare the Ephel Dúath or ”Mountains of Shadow” forming th outer fence of Mordor, perhaps suggesting that Dúath is also the word used of Sauron as ”the Shadow”.
edhelharn
elf-stone
(a term for beryl) edhelharn (pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).
edhelharn
elf-stone
(pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).
edra
open
(i edra, in edrar), only attested in imperative form edro.
elvellon
elf-friend
(pl. elvellyn, coll. pl. elvellonnath (WJ:412);
en
of the
e- (sg. genitival article)
en
of the
en-, e- (sg. genitival article): interjection
en
of the
en-, e-, genitival article, mostly only used in the singular (in the plural, in or i + nasal mutation is used), though infrequently en is used in the pl. as well. Followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions.
ennin
long year
. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.
fuin
nightshade
(gloom, darkness, night, dead of night); no distinct pl. form.
fêr
beech
†fêr (stem feren-, pl. ferin) (mast);
fêr
beech
(stem feren-, pl. ferin) (mast);
gail
light
(bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18)
gilion
of stars
(lenited ngilion; pl. gilioen). Archaic ✱giliaun.
glaur
golden light
(i ’laur), pl. gloer (in gloer).
glóren
shining with golden light
(glórin-) (golden), lenited ’lóren; pl. glórin
gwâth
shadow
(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)
gwâth
shade
(noun) 1) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261), 2) dae (i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae), 3) lûm (pl. luim**).
gwâth
shade
(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)
gîl
star
gîl (i ngîl = i ñîl, o n**gîl, construct gil) (bright spark, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath** (RGEO, MR:388). Poetic †êl (elen-, pl. elin, coll. pl. elenath) (RGEO, Letters:281, WJ:363).
gîl
star
(i ngîl = i ñîl, o n’gîl, construct gil) (bright spark, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath **(RGEO, MR:388). Poetic †êl (elen-, pl. **elin, coll. pl. elenath) (RGEO, Letters:281, WJ:363).
idhor
thoughtfulness
. (Correction of idher in LR:361 s.v.
idhr
id
> idhor as the later forms.)
idhren
thoughtful
(pondering, wise), pl. idhrin;
lacha
flame
(verb) *lacha- (i lacha, i lachar). Only the imperative form lacho is attested.
lacha
flame
(i lacha, i lachar). Only the imperative form lacho is attested.
lachenn
flame-eyed
pl. lachinn *(WJ:384, there cited in archaic form lachend)*.
laden
open
(adj.) laden (plain, flat, wide, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
laden
open
(plain, flat, wide, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
lefn
elf left behind
pl. lifn.
lhaw
ears
(?i thlaw or ?i law).
lhewig
ear
lhewig (?i thlewig or ?i lewig the lenition product of lh is uncertain). This ia a singular formed from the collective
lhewig
ear
(?i thlewig or ?i lewig – the lenition product of lh is uncertain). This ia a singular formed from the collective
lûm
shade
(pl. luim).
dear
mail (lenited vail, pl. mîl), also mell (lenited vell; pl. mill), also muin (lenited vuin; no distinct pl. form)
dear
(lenited vail, pl. mîl), also mell (lenited vell; pl. mill), also muin (lenited vuin; no distinct pl. form)
miniel
first elf
(i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath. (WJ:383)
muil
shadow
(i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)
naew
jaw
naew; no distinct pl. form;
naew
jaw
; no distinct pl. form;
nauth
thought
nauth (pl. noeth, coll. pl. nothath);
nauth
thought
(pl. noeth, coll. pl. nothath);
neldor
beech tree
(pl. neldyr), also brethorn (i vrethorn), pl. brethyrn (i mrethyrn) (VT46:3). The mallorn or ”golden-tree” found in Lórien was supposedly beechlike: mallorn (i vallorn), pl. mellyrn (i mellyrn).
neldor
beech tree
neldor (pl. neldyr), also brethorn (i vrethorn), pl. brethyrn (i mrethyrn) (VT46:3). The mallorn or ”golden-tree” found in Lórien was supposedly beechlike: mallorn (i vallorn), pl. mellyrn (i mellyrn).
paenui
tenth
.
peredhel
half-elf
(pl. peredhil) (PM:256, 348).
peth
word
peth (i beth, o pheth), pl. pith (i phith)
peth
word
(i beth, o pheth), pl. pith (i phith)
raw
rush
(noun, roaring noise) 1) raw (pl. roe, idh roe)
raw
rush
(pl. roe, idh roe)
rib
rush
(verb) rib- (i rîb, idh ribir) (fly, fling)
rib
rush
(i rîb, idh ribir) (fly, fling)
roval
pinion
roval (wing, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhoval_ _pl. rhovel.
roval
pinion
(wing, great wing [of eagle]), pl. rovail (idh rovail). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *rhoval* pl. *rhovel*.
send
grey-elf
(i hend, o send, construct sen) (probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda), pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form).
talad
incline
(noun) talad (i dalad, o thalad) (slope), pl. telaid (i thelaid)
talad
incline
(i dalad, o thalad) (slope), pl. telaid (i thelaid)
ui
ever
ui (always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in *uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin
ui
ever
(always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in ✱uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin
_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath 'glory to all the Halflings'.