-n

suffix. I

-n

suffix. dative

Derivations

• ✶-na “to; allative” ✧ VT49/14
  • √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶-nă > -n	[-na] > [-n]	✧ VT49/14

Variations

• n ✧ PE21/79
• -n ✧ VT49/14

-a

suffix. adjectival suffix

This suffix is frequently used to create the adjective form of a noun, especially in the form -ëa for nouns ending in -ë. This function dates back to CE. ✶-ā.

Derivations

• ✶-ā “adjectival”

Element in

• Q. airëa “holy (applied to persons)” ✧ PE17/149
• ᴺQ. aitalëa “reverent, worshipful, religious”
• Q. Aldëa “*Tuesday, Tree-day (Númenórean)”
• Q. amaurëa “dawn, early day, morning” ✧ MC/223
• Q. andúna “western”
• ᴺQ. aurëa “sunny, sunlit; *daytime”
• Q. endëa “middle”
• Q. eressëa “lonely” ✧ LotR/1116
• Q. fínëa “dexterous”
• Q. ilaurëa “*daily”
• Q. ilyarëa “*daily”
• Q. ilucara “omnificent” ✧ VT39/20
• Q. laurëa “golden (of hue)”
• Q. lillassëa “having many leaves”
• Q. lilótëa “having many flowers”
• Q. lómëa “shadowed, gloomy, shadowed, gloomy, *dusk-like”
• Q. mírëa “jewelled, jewelled, *gemmed”
• Q. nieninquëa “like a snowdrop” ✧ PE16/096
• Q. nöa “former; yesterday; tomorrow, yesterday; former, *previous; tomorrow”
• ᴺQ. nornolassëa “having oak-leaves”
• Q. núla “dark, occult, mysterious”
• Q. oialëa “eternal”
• Q. rávëa “roaring”
• Q. taurëa “forested”
• Q. túrëa “mighty, masterful, mighty, masterful, *having political power” ✧ PE17/115
• Q. úfanwëa “not veiled, unveiled”
• Q. úpahtëa “speechless”
• Q. vëa “seeming, apparent, seeming, apparent; [ᴱQ.] similar, like”
• Q. yaimëa “wailing”

-n(yë)

suffix. I

Derivations

• ✶ni “I, me” ✧ VT49/50

Element in

• Q. Mettanyë “?I End”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ni > -n	[-ne] > [-n]	✧ VT49/50

Variations

• -n(ye) ✧ PE17/057; PE17/190
• -nye ✧ PE17/075; PE17/075; PE22/161; VT49/16; VT49/48; VT49/51
• -n ✧ PE17/075; PE17/075; VT49/16; VT49/48; VT49/51

-la

suffix. active participle

-ya

suffix. adjective suffix

Derivations

• ✶-yā “present participle” ✧ PE17/068

Element in

• Q. Aldúya “*Tuesday, Day of the Two Trees”
• Q. Amanyar “Those of Aman”
• Q. Anarya “Sunday, (lit.) Sun-day”
• Q. apacenya “of foresight”
• Q. attalya “biped, *(lit.) two-footed”
• ᴺQ. cantalya “four-legged, quadruped, (lit.) four-footed”
• Q. -carya “doing” ✧ PE17/068
• Q. Eärenya “Sea-day, *Thursday”
• Q. elenya “adjective referring to the stars, *of the stars, stellar”
• Q. entya “central, middle”
• Q. firya “mortal; human, [ᴹQ.] human; [Q.] mortal”
• Q. Isilya “*Monday, Moon-day”
• Q. -matya “-eating” ✧ PE17/068
• Q. Menelya “*Wednesday, Heavens-day”
• Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent”
• Q. Narya “(Ring) of Fire”
• Q. Nenya “(Ring) of Water”
• ᴺQ. ruimenya “fireside, by the fire”
• Q. tatya “second”
• Q. tercenya “of insight”
• Q. Valanya “*Friday, Vala-day”
• Q. Vilya “(Ring) of Air”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶-ı̯ā > -ya	[-jā] > [-ja]	✧ PE17/068

Variations

• -ya ✧ PE17/068 (-ya)

inyë

i, too

inyë emphatic independent 1st person sg. pronoun, "I" with emphasis, translated "I, too" in LR:61 (and, according to one reading of Tolkiens manuscript, in VT49:49).

-(i)la

suffix. active participle

Changes

• -la → -ila → -(i)lā ✧ PE22/154
• -la → -ila ✧ PE22/155

Cognates

• S. -ol “continuative participle, continuative [active] participle; adjective suffix”

Derivations

• ✶-lā “active participle”

Element in

• ᴺQ. autaila “going, passing, nearly gone”
• Q. colla “borne, worn; vestment, cloak”
• Q. ëala “being, spirit (not incarnate)”
• Q. laistila “ignorant”
• Q. tirila “watching (something)” ✧ PE22/155

Variations

• -(i)lā ✧ PE22/154
• -la ✧ PE22/154 (-la); PE22/155 (-la)
• -ila ✧ PE22/155