-n (3) a plural sign used in some of the case endings (WJ:407): Pl. genitive -on, pl. ablative -llon (but also -llor), pl. locative -ssen.
Quenya
-on
name
-on
-on
-on
suffix. augmentative, great
Element in
-ion
son (of), descendant
-ion (patronymic ending) "son (of), descendant" (YŌ/YON, LT1:271, LT2:344). Not to be confused with the genitive ending -on when added to words with nominative plurals in -i, e.g. elenion "of stars" vs. eleni "stars".
-ion
suffix. -son, masculine patronymic
The usual patronymic for “son of” in Quenya, suffixal form of Q. yondo “son” (PE17/170, 190). Tolkien occasionally mentioned variants like -on or -yon, but in practice only -ion appears in actual names.
Conceptual Development: This patronymic dates all the way back to Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/106) and was regularly mentioned in documents throughout the years such as the Early Qenya Grammar and English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s (PE14/45, 75; PE15/77), The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/YŌ) and Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 (PE17/170), always with a similar form, meaning and derivation from roots likes √YO(N). Thus it was very well established in Tolkien’s mind.
Cognates
- S. -ion “-son” ✧ PE17/170
Derivations
Element in
- Q. Aldarion “*Son of Trees”
- Q. Anárion “*Son of the Sun”
- Q. Aranwion “Son of Aranwë”
- Q. Calion “*Son of Light”
- Q. Eldarion “*Son of the Eldar”
- Q. Eruion “*Son of God”
- Q. Falassion “*Shore-son”
- Q. Finwion “Son of Finwë”
- Q. Ilion
- Q. Ingwion “Son of Ingwë”
- Q. Isildurioni “Heirs of Isildur”
- Q. Lómion “Son of Twilight”
- Q. Súrion “*Wind-son”
- Q. Vinyarion “*New Son”
Elements
Word Gloss yondo “son, boy, son, boy; [ᴱQ.] male descendant, (great) grandson” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶-(i)ŏn/-(ĭ)ondo > -ion [-ion] ✧ PE17/170 Variations
- -ŏn ✧ PE17/170
- -on ✧ PE17/170
- -yon ✧ PE17/190
- -iondo ✧ PE17/190
-mo
suffix. agental suffix
Element in
- ᴺQ. aimo “saint”
- ᴺQ. airimo “priest”
- ᴺQ. alamo “cultivator, grower”
- ᴺQ. alumo “leather-worker”
- ᴺQ. astamo “member”
- Q. astarmo “bystander; witness”
- Q. ciryamo “mariner”
- ᴺQ. cordamo “cleric”
- Q. Curumo “*Skilled-one”
- Q. enelmo “go-between, intervener, intermediary, mediator”
- ᴺQ. epeharmo “president”
- Q. Estelmo “*Hope-person”
- Q. Herucalmo
- ᴺQ. hyólamo “trumpeter”
- Q. ingolmo “loremaster, wizard, one with very great knowledge, loremaster, wizard, one with very great knowledge, *scientist”
- Q. Írimon
- Q. Irmo “Desirer”
- Q. Isilmo
- ᴺQ. lingwimo “fisherman”
- Q. Maitimo “Well-shaped One”
- Q. námo “person, somebody (unnamed)”
- Q. Nólimon “*Learned One”
- Q. nolmo “wise person”
- ᴺQ. ongwemo “criminal, transgressor”
- Q. onótimo “*reckoner” ✧ MR/049
- Q. ormo “riser”
- ᴺQ. ostomo “citizen”
- ᴺQ. parmo “student, (lit.) learner”
- ᴺQ. nólemo “student”
- ᴺQ. quernamo “proselyte, convert”
- Q. Súlimo “Lord of the Breath of Arda, (lit.) Breather”
- Q. tirmo “watcher”
- ᴺQ. tungwemo “tax-collector”
- Q. Ulmo “Pourer”
- Q. vinimo “baby, little-one”
- Q. vinyamo “youngster”
- ᴺQ. yulmo “drinker”
Elements
Word Gloss mo “one, anyone, someone, somebody”
-r(o)
suffix. agental suffix
Derivations
- ✶-ro “an old agental formation” ✧ WJ/371
Element in
- Q. Haimenar “*Far-farer”
- Q. Avar “Refuser, Elf who did not journey to Aman” ✧ WJ/371
- Q. Calantar “Light-giver”
- ᴺQ. cuitar “alarm, device to waken somebody”
- Q. Envinyatar “Renewer”
- ᴺQ. hatar “thrower (of spears and darts)”
- Q. Istar “Wizard, (lit.) One Who Knows”
- Q. maitar “artist; poet”
- ᴺQ. mancaro “tradesman, trader, merchant”
- Q. nostar “parent, begetter, *ancestor; parent, begetter”
- Q. ohtar “warrior”
- Q. quentaro “speaker, reciter, speaker, reciter; [ᴹQ.] narrator, minstrel” ✧ PE18/100
- Q. sanar “mind, thinker, reflector” ✧ VT41/13
- ᴺQ. tanar “indicator, [linguistics] demonstrative”
- Q. Telcontar “Strider”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶-rŏ > -r [-ro] > [-r] ✧ WJ/371 Variations
- -ro ✧ PE18/100 (-ro)
- -r ✧ VT41/13 (-r); WJ/371 (-r)
morion
son of the dark
morion noun "son of the dark" (LT1:261). In Fíriel's Song, Morion is translated "dark one", referring to Melko(r); this may be a distinct formation not including the patronymic ending -ion "son", but rather the masculine ending -on added to the adjective morë, mori- "dark".
-a
suffix. adjectival suffix
This suffix is frequently used to create the adjective form of a noun, especially in the form -ëa for nouns ending in -ë. This function dates back to CE. ✶-ā.
Derivations
- ✶-ā “adjectival”
Element in
- Q. airëa “holy (applied to persons)” ✧ PE17/149
- ᴺQ. aitalëa “reverent, worshipful, religious”
- Q. Aldëa “*Tuesday, Tree-day (Númenórean)”
- Q. amaurëa “dawn, early day, morning” ✧ MC/223
- Q. andúna “western”
- ᴺQ. aurëa “sunny, sunlit; *daytime”
- Q. endëa “middle”
- Q. eressëa “lonely” ✧ LotR/1116
- Q. fínëa “dexterous”
- Q. ilaurëa “*daily”
- Q. ilyarëa “*daily”
- Q. ilucara “omnificent” ✧ VT39/20
- Q. laurëa “golden (of hue)”
- Q. lillassëa “having many leaves”
- Q. lilótëa “having many flowers”
- Q. lómëa “shadowed, gloomy, shadowed, gloomy, *dusk-like”
- Q. mírëa “jewelled, jewelled, *gemmed”
- Q. nieninquëa “like a snowdrop” ✧ PE16/096
- Q. nöa “former; yesterday; tomorrow, yesterday; former, *previous; tomorrow”
- ᴺQ. nornolassëa “having oak-leaves”
- Q. núla “dark, occult, mysterious”
- Q. oialëa “eternal”
- Q. rávëa “roaring”
- Q. taurëa “forested”
- Q. túrëa “mighty, masterful, mighty, masterful, *having political power” ✧ PE17/115
- Q. úfanwëa “not veiled, unveiled”
- Q. úpahtëa “speechless”
- Q. vëa “seeming, apparent, seeming, apparent; [ᴱQ.] similar, like”
- Q. yaimëa “wailing”
esse
noun. name
essë
name
essë (1) noun "name", also later name of Tengwa #31, originally (MET) called árë (ázë). (Appendix E). With a pronominal ending esselya "thy name" (VT43:14). Pl. #essi in PM:339 and MR:470, gen.pl. #esseron "of names" in the compound Nómesseron (q.v.); we would rather have expected *ession, given the nom.pl. essi; perhaps #esser is a valid alternative plural form. Essecarmë noun "name-making" (MR:214, 470), Eldarin ceremony where the father announces the name of his child. Essecenta *("k") noun "Name-essay" (see centa) (MR:415); Essecilmë noun "name-choosing", an Eldarin ceremony where a child named him- or herself according to personal lámatyávë (q.v.) (MR:214, 471). The meaning Tolkien originally assigned to the word essë** in the Etymologies was "place" rather than "name" (VT45:12).
essë
noun. name
Cognates
- ᴺS. ess “name”
Derivations
- ᴹ√ES “indicate, name”
Element in
- Q. amilessë “mother-name”
- Q. anessë “given (or added) name, nickname, surname” ✧ MR/216
- Q. cilmessë “self-name”
- Q. epessë “after-name”
- Q. Essecarmë “Name-making” ✧ MR/470
- Q. Essecenta Eldarinwa “Enquiry (into the origins) of the Elvish names” ✧ WJ/359
- Q. Essecilmë “Name-choosing” ✧ MR/470
- Q. na airë esselya “hallowed be thy name” ✧ VT43/14
- Q. nómessë “place-name” ✧ VT42/17
- Q. notessë “numeral”
- ᴺQ. tengessë “address, (lit.) indication-name”
Variations
- esse ✧ LotR/1123
- essë ✧ MR/470
- Esse ✧ WJ/359
esta-
verb. name
sanda
name
[sanda, sandë] (þ) (2) noun "name" (VT46:16)
sanya
name
[sanya] (þ) (2) noun ?"name" (reading of gloss uncertain, VT46:16)
velicë
great
velicë ("k") adj. "great" _(LT1:254; probably not valid in Tolkien's later Quenya; in the context of the Etymologies it would have to be derived from _BEL, but it is stated that this stem was "not found in Q". Perhaps Tolkien rejected velicë because it was too similar to the Russian word that clearly inspired it.)
-on gen.pl. ending (3O), in aldaron, aranion, elenion, Eldaron, #esseron, Ingweron, Istarion, Númevalion, Quendion, Silmarillion, Sindaron, tasarion (see Nan-Tasarion), Valion, wenderon, yénion. Normally the ending -on is added to the nominative plural, whether it ends in -i or -r, but some nouns in -ë that would have nominative plurals in -i seem to prefer the ending -ron in the genitive (hence #esseron as the gen. pl. of essë "name", though the nominative pl. is attested as essi and we might have expected the gen. pl. *ession; similarly wenderon, Ingweron).