Dor. Rest
Sindarin
ed
preposition/prefix. out, out of, out, out of, [N.] forth
ed
pronoun. *it
Ēd
noun. Rest
edra-
verb. open
_ v. _open (out). >> edro
edhel
noun. Elf
edra-
verb. to open
edro
verb. open!
enedh
noun. centre, middle, centre, middle; [N.] core
The usual Sindarin/Noldorin word for “middle” is enedh derived from the root √ENED (UT/264; VT48/25; Ety/ÉNED). This is complicated by the fact that Tolkien wrote Enedwaith “Middle-region” on The Lord of the Rings map (LotR/1089; Let/224). It is my opinion that this use of d for dh originally reflected Tolkien’s normal representation of this letter Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s, for example 1940s N. Caradras and N. Fanuidol vs. later S. Caradhras and S. Fanuidhol.
Unlike those other representations of dh, Tolkien never corrected Enedwaith in the published texts, and in notes from the late 1960s he considered revising the “middle” to ened derived from √HENET (VT41/16). In other notes from this period he said Enedhwaith was misspelt ened (VT42/20), so I think ened < √HENET was likely a transient idea.
In compounds enedh is generally used as an adjective, such a lebenedh “middle finger” and Lond Daer Enedh “Great Middle Haven”. In The Etymologies this word was glossed “middle, centre” (Ety/ÉNED) and “core, centre” (Ety/NÉD), which makes me think it was a noun.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would treat enedh as a noun when used independently, and use [ᴺS.] enaidh as the adjective for “central, middle”.
-ed
3rd sg
othgar(ed)
noun. a mistake in speech
_ n. _a mistake in speech. >> othgarn
eledh
noun. Elf
-ed
suffix. gerund
-ed
suffix. 3rd person singular possessive suffix
i glinn hen agorer edain mi velerian, ach hí in ellath îr ed epholar
*this song Men made in Beleriand, but now the Elves alone (?remember) it
neledh
cardinal. three
othgar(ed)
noun. doing wrong, *wrong doing
penedh
noun. Elf
rhaed
noun. peculiar hue, (special) fashion
ened
noun. centre
neled
cardinal. three
neledh
cardinal. three
neledh
cardinal. three
{ð}_ card. _three. Q. nelde. Fcan, canad, nel
edhel
elf
(pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). (WJ:363, 377-78; the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > *Elrim*** may also occur). But since elin** also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.
edhelharn
elf-stone
(pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).
edra
open
(verb) 1) *edra- (i edra, in edrar), only attested in imperative form edro. 2) panna- (i banna, i phannar) (enlarge). Note: a homophone means ”fill”.
edra
open
(i edra, in edrar), only attested in imperative form edro.
naug
noun. dwarf; dwarf(ed), stunted
dúnedhel
elf of beleriand
(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*
enedh
middle
enedh (core, center), pl. enidh
mornedhel
dark elf
(i Vornedhel), pl. Mornedhil (i Mornedhil). Conceivably the entire word could be umlauted in the pl.: ?Mernedhil. **(WJ:409) Another term for ”Dark Elf” is Dúredhel (i Dhúredhel), pl. Dúredhil (i Núredhil**).
peredhel
half-elf
(pl. peredhil) (PM:256, 348).
enedh
middle
(core, center), pl. enidh
laden
adjective. open, cleared
naug
noun/adjective. stunted, dwarf
gwend
noun. maiden, maiden, *young woman
A word for “maiden” or “✱young woman”, frequently appearing as suffixal -wen as an element in female names, derived from the root √WEN(ED) (PE17/191; Ety/WEN).
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, the word G. gwin meant “woman, female” and G. {gwen >>} gwennin was “girl” (GL/45). The former was derived from the root ᴱ√giu̯i which had to do with pregnancy, but the latter was derived from {ᴱ√gw̯ene >>} ᴱ√gu̯eđe. In the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon {ᴱ√WENE >>} ᴱ√GWENE was the basis of words like ᴱQ. ’wen(di) “maiden” (QL/103). In the Gnomish Lexicon Slips it seems G. gwin was also reassigned to the root ᴱ√(G)WENE [ᴱ√u̯enĭ-], derived from ᴱ✶u̯einā́, though possibly shifted or blended in meaning with an adjectival sense “womanly” (PE13/113).
In the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s, Tolkien had ᴱN. uin “woman” (PE13/123), a form that also appeared with this gloss in contemporaneous Early Noldorin Word-lists as a replacement for deleted {gwind, gwinn} (PE13/146, 155). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Tolkien had N. gwend, gwenn “maiden” under the root ᴹ√WEN(ED) which he said was “often found in feminine names” (Ety/WEN). He noted that “since the [suffixed names] show no -d even in archaic spelling, they probably contain a form wen-”. Tolkien seems to have stuck with these forms thereafter.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use this word for a young woman or adolescent girl, especially prior to marriage, but for female children I would use neth.
gwen
noun. maiden
gwend
noun. maiden
gwenneth
noun. maiden
penna
verb. 3rd sg
_v. _3rd sg. undefined of penna 'come down', originally 'come down a slope or from a hill'. silivren penna míriel lit. 'glittering slants-down sparkling (as jewels)'. >> penna-
naug
stunted
naug (dwarfed), pl. #noeg. Note: the word is also used as a noun ”dwarf”.
glân
adjective. bright, shining white
The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" (and later "clear") as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text, but see VT/45:13). Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE/11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE/13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is also long, though this is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking
e
out
e, ed (away, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition: (WJ:367)
e
out
ed (away, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition:
e
forth
(adv. pref.) e, ed (out, away); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition "out from, out of" (WJ:367)
e
forth
ed (out, away); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition "out from, out of" (WJ:367)
cadhad
noun. dwarf
ell
noun. Elf
hadhod
noun. Dwarf
avar
non-eldarin elf
pl. Evair, also called
gail
bright
gail (light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).
gail
bright
(light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).
gwanwel
elf of aman
(”departed” Elf), pl. gwenwil (in gwenwil), coll. pl. gwanwellath. (WJ:378) Also gwanwen; see
hadhod
dwarf
(i chadhod, o chadhod), pl. hedhyd (i chedhyd), coll. pl. hadhodrim (WJ:388). This was a word borrowed from Dwarvish Khazâd.
laden
open
(adj.) laden (plain, flat, wide, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
laden
open
(plain, flat, wide, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
laegel
green-elf
pl. laegil; coll. pl. laegrim or laegeldrim (WJ:385). These forms from a late source would seem to supersede the ”N” forms listed in LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK: *Lhoebenidh* or *Lhoebelidh*. The Green-elves of Beleriand were also called Lindel (pl. Lindil), also Lindedhel (pl. Lindedhil) *(WJ:385)*.
naug
dwarf
(in compounds -nog), pl. #noeg, coll. pl. naugrim, nogrim. (WJ:388, 408, 413; VT45:13). In ”Noldorin” the pl. was nuig, but the Sindarin pl. form noeg is attested in Nibin-noeg ”Petty-dwarves” (WJ:187, 420). Note: naug is also used as an adj. ”dwarfed, stunted”. This word for ”dwarf” also appears in a diminutive form: naugol (in compounds naugla-), coll. pl. nauglath. 2)
nogoth
dwarf
(pl. negyth; coll. pl. nogothrim). Archaic pl. ”noegyth” = nögyth (WJ:388, 408) 3) norn (pl. nyrn, coll. pl. nornwaith). From the adj. norn ”twisted, knotted, crabbed, hard”. (MR:93, WJ:205) 4) #Gonhir (i ’Onhir), literally ”Master of Stone”, no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir, maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim (WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”) The coll. pl. Dornhoth ("Thrawn folk") (WJ:388, 408) also refers to the Dwarves.
nêl
cardinal. three
nêl (note: a homophone means ”tooth”), also neled, archaic neledh.
nêl
three
(note: a homophone means ”tooth”), also neled, archaic neledh.
send
grey-elf
(i hend, o send, construct sen) (probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda), pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form).
-ad
suffix. gerund
elen
noun. Elf
naug
noun/adjective. a Dwarf
nêl
cardinal. three
nêl
cardinal. three
rhîd
noun. peculiar hue, (special) fashion
send
noun. (?) rest
senn
noun. (?) rest
îdh
noun. rest, repose
calben
elf of the great journey
(i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin).
elleth
elf-woman
(pl. ellith) (WJ:363-64, 377)
ellon
elf-man
(pl. ellyn)
elvellon
elf-friend
(pl. elvellyn, coll. pl. elvellonnath (WJ:412);
gwend
maiden
gwend (i **wend, construct gwen) (friendship), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath**. Note: a homophone means ”bond, friendship”.
gwend
maiden
(i ’wend, construct gwen) (friendship), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath. Note: a homophone means ”bond, friendship”.
gîl
bright spark
(i ngîl = i ñîl, construct gil) (star, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. *giliath** (RGEO, MR:388)*
lefn
elf left behind
pl. lifn.
miniel
first elf
(i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath. (WJ:383)
nel
three, tri
;
niben-naug
petty-dwarf
nog; pl. Nibin-noeg, coll. pl. *Nibin-nogrim** (UT:148)*
panna
open
(i banna, i phannar) (enlarge). Note: a homophone means ”fill”.
wen
maiden
, see MAIDEN. The final element -wen in names means ”girl, maiden, virgin”.
îdh
rest
_(noun) _1) îdh (repose), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl. 2) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt),
îdh
rest
(repose), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl. 2) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)
The basic Sindarin word for “out”. In The Etymologies of the 1930s it appeared in prefixal form N. ed- under the root ᴹ√ET “forth, out” (Ety/ET). In the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60, Tolkien said ed “out, out of” was a derivative of primitive ✶et (WJ/367), with hints that this preposition cause stop mutation; see that entry for details.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. {ed “close by” >>} edh “outside, on borders of, near, hard by, beside” with specialized mutations, probably an early version of stop mutation (GL/31). At this early stage it was likely derived from the root ᴱ√ERE [EÐE] “out” (QL/36).