eméné-

eméné-

{ē} v. pa.t.

emyn gwahaedir

place name. *Hills of the Palantír

Earlier rejected name for Emyn Beraid (PM/186), apparently a combination of the plural of amon “hill” and Gwahaedir, probably a Sindarin word of a palantír, hence: “✱Hills of the Palantír”.

emyn hen dúnadan

place name. *Hills of the Eye of the Dúnadan

Earlier rejected name for Emyn Beraid (PM/186), apparently a combination of the plural of amon “hill”, hen “eye” and Dúnadan “Man of the West”, hence: “✱Hills of the Eye of the Dúnadan”.

emel

noun. mother

A word for “mother” in notes on Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, along with a diminutive form emelig (VT48/17 note #13). These forms were struck through and replaced by emig as the proper diminutive form from the root √EM (VT48/6), but that doesn’t necessarily invalidate emel = “mother”, which appeared elsewhere as (probably primitive) emel, emer in rough versions of these notes (VT48/19 note #16). These Sindarin forms are unusual in that the medial m did not become v, which means the primitive form was likely based on ✱emm- as suggested by Patrick Wynne (VT48/17 note #14).

Conceptual Development: G. amil “mother” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s along with rejected forms {anwin, amril} and an archaic variant †amaith (GL/19). The forms {emaith >>} amaith appeared unglossed in Gnomish Lexicon Slips revising that document (PE13/109). In The Etymologies of the 1930s there was a form N. †emil for “mother” under the root ᴹ√AM of the same meaning, but Tolkien said this word was archaic, apparently replaced by N. naneth (Ety/AM¹; EtyAC/AM¹). With N. emil, the a became e via i-affection, but the medial m failing to become v requires an explanation similar to that of 1960s S. emel.

Neo-Sindarin: I generally prefer derivatives of the earlier root √AM for “mother” words in Quenya, but in the case of Sindarin, I find emel and emig from √EM to be better and more widely accepted.

emig

noun. [little] mother, *mommy

A diminutive word for “mother” in Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s (VT48/6), replacing a longer but rejected diminutive emelig (VT48/6). It is based on either emel “mother” or the primitive root √EM.

emeldir

feminine name. Manhearted, *Manly-mother

Wife of Barahir and mother of Beren, translated “Manhearted” (S/155). Patrick Wynne suggested that her name may be a combination of emel “mother” and dîr “man”, so literally meaning: “manly-mother” or “mother with manly courage” (VT48/17-18, note #14).

emyn-nu-fuin

place name. Mountains of Mirkwood, (lit.) Mountains under Night

Name of Emyn Duir after it became the haunt of evil creatures, translated “Mountains of Mirkwood” (UT/280), but more literally “Mountains under Night” (UTI/Emyn-nu-Fuin). This name is a combination of the plural of amon “hill”, the preposition nu “under” and the noun fuin “night”.

emyn arnen

place name. Hills of Arnen

Some hills in South Ithilien (LotR/750). This name is translated “Hills of Arnen”, a combination of the plural of amon “hill” and the regional name Arnen (VT42/17).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared as N. Haramon (WR/359), later revised to N. Emyn Arnen (WR/363 note #3).

emyn beraid

place name. Tower Hills

Hills west of the shire, translated “Tower Hills” (LotR/1097), a combination of the plural of amon “hill” and the plural of barad “tower” (SA/barad), so literally: “✱Hills of Towers”.

Conceptual Development: In drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices, Tolkien first named these hills Emyn Gwahaedir >> Emyn Hen Dúnadan before settling on Emyn Beraid (PM/186).

emyn duir

place name. Dark Mountains

Hills in north-eastern Mirkwood, translated “Dark Mountains” (UT/280), also known as Emyn-nu-Fuin “Mountains of Mirkwood” (UT/281). This name is a combination of the plural of amon “hill” and the plural of the adjective dûr “dark”.

emyn eglain

place name. Hills of Eglamar

Hills in Falas named on a map of Beleriand from the 1950s, but not on the map in the published Silmarillion, translated “Hills of Eglamar” (WJ/184, 189). This name is a combination of the plural of amon “hill” and the plural of Eglan “Forsaken (Elf)” used to refer to the people of Círdan who lived in that region.

emyn muil

place name. Drear Hills

Hills between the river Anduin and the Dead Marshes (LotR/373), translated “Drear Hills” in Tolkien’s “Unfinished Index” of The Lord of the Rings (RC/334). It appears to be a combination of the plural of amon “hill” and muil “drear” (see that entry for further discussion).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, these hills went through many names: N. Duil Rain >> N. Emyn R(h)ain (TI/268), later N. Sern Lamrach >> N. Trandóran before finally settling on Ety Muil (TI/424).

emyn uial

place name. Hills of Evendim

Hills north of the Shire translated “Hills of Evendim” on the map of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1082), a combination of the plural of amon “hill” and uial “(evening) twilight”.

Emyn-nu-Fuin

noun. mountains under night

emyn (pl. of amon “hill”) + nu (“under”) + fuin (“dead of night, gloom, darkness”)

Emyn Arnen

noun. hills beside the water [see [His.], entry arnen]

emyn (pl. of amon “hill”), ar (#from Dor. ar - “outside, beside”) + nen (“water”)

Emyn Beraid

noun. hills-towers

emyn (pl. of amon “hill”), beraid (pl. of barad “tower”) #Another possible interpretation of the name is “hills of towers”.

Emyn Duir

noun. dark mountains

emyn (pl. of amon “hill”), duir (pl. of dûr “dark”) David Salo: “dh and mh were liable to revert to d and m when they came to follow a nasal after syncope” TolkLang message 19.31.

Emyn Eglain

noun. mountains of forsaken elves

emyn (pl. of amon “hill”) + eglain (pl. of eglan “a forsaken”)

Emyn Muil

noun. drear hills

emyn (pl. of amon “hill”), muil (Dor. “twilight, shadow, vagueness”)

emel

noun. mother

emmel

noun. mother

emig

noun. "litte mother"

emig

noun. index finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)

em

noun. picture, image

A neologism for “picture” coined by Fiona Jallings, the Sindarin equivalent of Q. emma of the same meaning.

Emeldir

Emeldir

Patrick H. Wynne has suggested that Emeldir possibly consists of Sindarin emel ("mother") + dir ("man"), yielding a hypothetical translation "manly-mother" or "mother with manly courage" (close in meaning to her epithet the Manhearted).

emma-

verb. to paint, draw (something)

A neologism coined by Arael posted on 2024-05-03 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), an elaboration of √EM “depict, portray”.

emmas

verb. painting, drawing

A neologism coined by Arael posted on 2024-05-03 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a noun form of √EM “depict, portray”.

Emyn Eglain

place name. Hills of the Forsaken (Elves)

The name Emyn Eglain means "Hills of the Forsaken (Elves)" in Sindarin, from emyn ("hill") and Eglain ("the Forsaken"). The name Eglamar is, as noted by Christopher Tolkien, "one of the oldest names in J.R.R. Tolkien's legendarium" (for other applications, cf. Eglamar (disambiguation)).

Emyn Muil

place name. the drear hills

Emyn Muil is a Sindarin name meaning "the drear hills"; the word emyn is the plural form of amon ("hill").

emig

little mother

(no distinct pl. form except with article: in emig). Also used (in children’s play) as a name for the index finger (VT48:6, 17)

emig

little mother

emig (no distinct pl. form except with article: in emig). Also used (in childrens play) as a name for the index finger (VT48:6, 17)

emlinn

yellowhammer

(a yellow bird) emlinn (= "yellow singer"); no distinct pl. form. Also emelin, no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emelinnath

emlinn

yellowhammer

(= "yellow singer"); no distinct pl. form. Also emelin, no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emelinnath. Adj.

emlinn

yellowhammer

emlinn (= "yellow singer"); no distinct pl. form. Also emelin, no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emelinnath. Adj.

camlost

masculine name. Empty-handed

A name of Beren, an alternate of Erchamion “One-handed” (S/184). This name is a combination of cam “hand” and lost “empty” (SA/cam, Ety/LUS).

Conceptual Development: Beren’s sobriquet “One-handed” dates back to the earliest Lost Tales, but the alternate “Empty-handed” did not appear until Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s. The first version of the name was Ilk. Mablosgen (SM/311), variously revised to Dor. Mablost (LR/405) or N. Camlost (LR/146). All three names appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s where Tolkien specified their languages as Ilkorin, Doriathrin and Noldorin, respectively (Ety/MAP, KAB, LUS).

In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, only S. Camlost appeared, either normally (WJ/51) or in its lenited form Gamlost (WJ/231, 234).

Camlost (Beren)

noun. empty-handed

cam(b) (“hand”) + lost (“empty”)

Mablost

noun. empty hand (Beren)

mab (Dor. “hand”) + lost (Dor. “empty”)

lost

adjective. empty

lost

adjective. empty

orchal

adjective. superior, lofty, eminent

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

raud

adjective. noble, eminent; lofty, high, tall; excellent

main

ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent

mein

ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent

orchal

adjective. tall, tall; [N.] superior, eminent, lofty

amon

noun. hill, mountain with steep sides; lump, clump, mass, hill, (isolated) mountain; lump, clump, mass; [G.] steep slope

The basis Sindarin word for “hill”. In one set of notes from around 1967, Tolkien said it could be applied also to any “lump, clump, mass” (PE17/93). In this same note Tolkien said it was “often applied to (especially isolated) mountains”, the most notable example being S. Amon Amarth “Mount Doom”. Its plural form emyn “hills” also appears in many names.

Conceptual Development: This word had a long history in Tolkien’s Elvish languages. It first appeared as G. amon “hill, mount, steep slope” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), where it was probably a derivative of the early root ᴱ√AM(U) “up(wards)”. ᴱN. amon “hill” also appears in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s again connected to am- “up” (PE13/137, 159), and was given as N. amon “hill” in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√AM “up” (Ety/AM²).

Its Quenya cognate Q. ambo was given as derivative of √AM “go up” in notes from 1967, but in other 1967 notes on the comparative, Tolkien coined some different roots as the basis for this S. amon “hill”, first √MAB “lump, mass” (PE17/90) and then √MBON, the latter being the basis for the alternate meanings “lump, clump, mass” mentioned above (PE17/90-93). Tolkien’s motivation for this change was that he wanted √AMA to have a new meaning “addition, increase, plus” to serve as the basis for the intensive.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume S. amon was derived from √AM “up”, since I prefer Q. an- for intensives, but it may have been influenced by √MBON and this was the reason for its alternate meanings “lump, clump, mass”.

ennor

place name. Middle-earth

Sindarin equivalent of Endórë “Middle-earth”, derived from the same primitive form because in Sindarin [[s|[mb], [nd] became [mm], [nn]]] (LotR/1115).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the form N. Emerin appeared with the same translation but a completely different derivation (Ety/MBAR). In later writings, Tolkien generally derived S. Ennor from the root √ENED “centre, middle” (Let/384, PE17/26). He considered several alternate derivations, from √ENET or √HEN(ET) (VT41/16), but these reflected his uncertainty of the proper form of the root √ENED, not of S. Ennor itself.

ned

noun. first, *one more; first; *during

This word replaced the preposition uin “of the” in the third version of the King’s Letter, appearing in the phrase nelchaenen ned Echuir “the thirty-first day of Stirring”. Both Carl Hostetter (VT31/30) and David Salo (SG/229) theorized that this replacement has a similar prepositional function, from either √NOT “count” or √NED “middle”. Fiona Jallings suggested it might be a temporal preposition, with sense “during” (FJNS/349).

On VT47/40, note 67, Patrick Wynne suggested that this word might be a cognate of the newly published Quenya word net(ë) “one more”. This theory is supported by the most likely interpretation of nelchaenen. This word seems to mean “thirtieth” rather than “thirty-first”, and Patrick Wynne suggested that nelchaenen ned means “thirtieth and one more” = “thirty-first”. I find this theory the most compelling, and use it here.

-m

suffix. we

1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -mmo.See paradigm PE17:132.

-nc

suffix. we

1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -lmo.See paradigm PE17:132. >> -ngid

amon

hill

pl1. emyn n. hill, lump, clump, mass, often applied to (esp. isolated) mountains. Q. umbo(n). FAmon Amarth

arod

adjective. tall

_ adj. _tall, eminent. Q. aratā.

arod

adjective. noble

adj. #noble.

arod

adjective. noble

d adj. noble. Q. arata. >> raud

maer

adjective. excellent

_ adj. _excellent. Q. maira admirable, excellent, precious. >> maer-, maeron

men-

verb. to go

The basic Sindarin verb for “go”, derived from the root √MEN (PE17/143). Its archaic past form emēnē was discussed in notes from around 1965 (PE17/93); its modern past would be ✱evín. It also appeared in its gerund form in the sentence niðin mened “I have a mind to go, I intend to go” in notes from 1969 (PE22/165).

parth

noun. field, lawn, sward, garden, enclosed grassland

An element in the names S. Parth Celebrant “Field of Celebrant” and S. Parth Galen “Green Sward”, variously translated “field, enclosed grassland” (UT/260), “sward” = “✱field of short grass” (RC/349), “small enclosed field, lawn” (PE23/139), or “garden” (PE23/141). Its etymology is unclear: it might be a derivative of √PAR “arrange”. It may also be a later iteration of N. pathw “level place, sward” < ᴹ√PATH, and is perhaps derived from ✱path-re with metathesis to parth(e).

raud

tall

adj. tall, high, lofty, eminent, noble. Q. arta (< áratā). >> Nimrodel, rodel

raud

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. rāta. >> arod, taer

raud

noun. metal

A noun appearing as N. rhaud “metal” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√RAUTĀ of the same meaning (Ety/RAUTĀ). In that document, it was the basis for the second element of the names Finrod, Angrod and Damrod. In Tolkien’s later writings the second element of these names were based on S. raud “noble” instead. This 1930s “metal” word might reappear in Rodëol “metal of Eöl” in drafts of the Silmarillion from the 1950s, since in Sindarin initial r did not become rh as it did in Noldorin. For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I think it best to stick to [N.] tinc “metal”

taer

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. tāra.

orchall

eminent

1) orchall (lofty, superior), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 2) raud (high, noble), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”: raud, pl. roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.

raud

eminent

(high, noble), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”: raud, pl. roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.****

gythren

adjective. embryonic

rangoth

noun. embrace

covn

noun. empty, void

iûl

embers

iûl (pl. iuil unless iûl is ”inherently” plural, as the gloss might suggest).

iûl

embers

(pl. iuil unless iûl is ”inherently” plural, as the gloss might suggest).

lost

empty

lost (pl. lyst), also cofn (void), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn

lost

empty

(pl. lyst), also cofn (void), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn

orchall

eminent

(lofty, superior), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

tinc

eminent

should at least be preferred for clarity).

tinc

eminent), t

olkien may have abandoned this word (or tinc should at least be preferred for clarity).

eredh

germ

eredh (seed), pl. eridh

eredh

germ

(seed), pl. eridh

balf

noun. excitement, emotion

gŷth

noun. germ, foetus, embryon

ranga-

verb. to embrace

covra-

verb. to empty

faefelf

noun. soul-feeling, *emotion

orchal

adjective. tall

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

raud

excellent

_ adj. _excellent, noble, eminent.

adorn

Adorn

The name Adorn is said to be a of pre-Númenórean origin, adapted in form to suit the Sindarin language.

aew

bird

(small bird) 1) aew. No distinct pl. form. 2) fileg, pl. filig; the form filigod appears as an alternative singular. or

amarth

fate

(doom), pl. emerth; also manadh (i vanadh) (doom, final end, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh);

amon

hill

1) amon (pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount), 2) dôl (i dhôl, construct dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i nôl, pl. i ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n if the former derivation had been maintained). 3) tund (i dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.

amon

hill

(pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount)

ar

noble

(adjectival prefix) ar- (high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

arn

noble

(adjective) 1) arn (royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic *araud), pl. aroed. 2) brand (high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind; 3) raud (eminent, high), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

arphen

noble

(noun, "a noble") 1) arphen, pl. erphin; 2) raud (eminent man, champion), pl.roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.

arphen

noble

pl. erphin

bâr

earth

(dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

ceven

earth

1) ceven (i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23), 2) (world) Amar (archaic Ambar), pl. Emair; 3) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds. 4) (maybe ”earth” as substance) cae (i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also SOIL.

ceven

earth

(i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23)

cofn

void

(adjective) cofn (empty), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn

duinen

high tide

(i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).

dôl

hill

(i** dhôl, construct **dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i** nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i** nôl, pl. i** ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n** if the former derivation had been maintained).

eneth

name

(noun) eneth (pl. enith)

ennor

middle-earth

also in coll. pl. ennorath = lands of Middle-earth (RGEO, Letters:384). Apparently less usual is the term Emerain.

eriad

noun. rising

A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2020 specifically for Eldamo as a replacement for early ᴱN./G. orost “rising”. It is simply the gerund of [N.] eria- “to rise”.

esta

name

(verb.) esta- (call) (i esta, in estar)

fae

spirit

1) fae (soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form. 2) faer (radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)

faer

spirit

(radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)

fileg

bird

pl. filig; the form filigod appears as an alternative singular.

galas

plant

galas (i **alas) (growth), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath**

galas

plant

(i ’alas) (growth), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath

galvorn

copper, gold,  iron, silver

(i** ’alvorn, pl. gelvyrn [in ngelvyrn*] if there is a pl.), a black metal made by the Dark Elf Eöl. (WJ:322)*

gaw

void

(noun) 1) gaw (i **aw), pl. goe (i ngoe = i ñoe), 2) (noun, "the Void" beyond the world) Gast (i **Ast if the word can occur with article and is not counted as a proper name), 3) iâ (chasm, gulf, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

gaw

void

(i ’aw), pl. goe (i ngoe = i ñoe)

gondrath

highway

(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.

heria

impulse, have an

(i cheria, i cheriar) (be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously, set vigorously out to do) (VT45:22)

hîn

they

(of women) hîn. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.

iâ

void

(chasm, gulf, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

laden

plain

(adjective) laden (flat, wide, open, cleared), pl. ledin (suggested Sindarin forms for ”Noldorin” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)

laden

plain

(flat,  wide, open, cleared), pl. ledin (suggested Sindarin forms for ”Noldorin” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)

lhûg

dragon

lhûg (construct lhug; with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (snake, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig), also amlug (pl. emlyg).

lhûg

dragon

(construct lhug; with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (snake, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig), also amlug (pl. emlyg).

mavron

noun. shepherd, herdsman

A neologism for “shepherd, herdsman” coined by Paul Strack in 2022 specifically for Eldamo, a combination of ᴺS. maf “sheep” and the agental suffix -(r)on, replacing Gnomish words G. mathron and G. mothweg.

naneth

mother

naneth (pl. nenith). Hypocoristic form (”mom”) nana, pl. nenai (but this word is probably rarely pluralized). In a higher style also †emil. No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emillath. Variant form emel (pl. emil), also spelt emmel (pl. emmil). (VT48:17)

naneth

mother

(pl. nenith). Hypocoristic form (”mom”) nana, pl. nenai (but this word is probably rarely pluralized). In a higher style also †emil. No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emillath. Variant form emel (pl. emil), also spelt emmel (pl. emmil). (VT48:17)

or

high

(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

talath

plain

(noun) 1) talath (i dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath_, LR:353 s.v.

talath

plain

(i dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). *Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath, LR:353 s.v. DAL. Compare the Talath Dirnen or ”Guarded Plain” mentioned in the *Silmarillion.

ther-

verb. to sew

A neologism for “to sew” coined by Fiona Jallings based on the root √THER (FJNS/353).

tinc

metal

tinc (i dinc, o thinc), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thinc), coll. pl. tingath. The word rhaud “metal” occurring in the Etymologies would normally be ”updated” to Sindarin in the form raud, but since raud appears with different meanings in later sources (see

tinc

metal

(i** dinc, o thinc), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thinc), coll. pl. tingath. The word rhaud** “metal” occurring in the Etymologies would normally be ”updated” to Sindarin in the form raud, but since raud** appears with different meanings in later sources (see

arod

adjective. noble

cidinn

?. [unglossed]

cinnog

?. [unglossed]

hand

noun. [unglossed]

maud

?. [unglossed]

taer

adjective. lofty, lofty, *high

amar

earth

(archaic Ambar), pl. Emair

amarthan

fated

amarthan (pl. emerthain)

amarthan

fated

(pl. emerthain)

ar

noble

(high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

arth

lofty

1) arth (noble, exalted), pl. erth, 2) brand (high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 3) orchall (superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

cofn

void

(empty), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn

mithril

copper, gold,  iron, silver

(i** vithril, no distinct pl. form except with article [i** mithril], coll. pl. ?mithrillath). The description of mithril may seem to fit titanium.

or

high

(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

orchall

lofty

(superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

orchall

superior

orchall (lofty, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

orchall

superior

(lofty, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

raud

noble

(eminent, high), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed.  4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

raud

tall

(eminent, noble), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”.

mein

ordinal. first

minui

ordinal. first

cae

noun. earth

Ara-

prefix. high, noble, royal

aew

noun. (small) bird

aewen

adjective. of birds

amon

noun. hill, steep-sided mount

ar-

prefix. high, noble, royal

arod

adjective. noble

arod

noble

1b _adj._noble. >> raud

arphen

noun. a noble

arth

adjective. (unknown meaning, perhaps (?) noble, lofty, exalted)

cae

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

ceven

noun. Earth

eneth

noun. name

eneth

noun. *name

ennorath

noun. central lands, middle-earth

esta-

verb. to name

faer

noun. spirit

hû

spirit

_ n. _spirit, shadow.

lad

noun. plain, valley

limlug

noun. fish-dragon, sea-serpent

madu

?. [unglossed]

minui

ordinal. first

orthad

gerund noun. rising

raud

noun. metal

seregon

noun. "Blood of Stone", a plant of the kind called in English "stonecrop", with deep red flowers, that grew on Amon Rûdh

aew

bird

. No distinct pl. form.

aewen

of birds

pl. aewin.

amoth

noun. shoulder

amrent

noun. lark

andrath

high pass

(literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.

arn

noble

(royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic ✱araud), pl. aroed.

arth

lofty

(noble, exalted), pl. erth

arwen

noble woman

(pl. erwin).****

bad

go

#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

bad

go

(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

brand

lofty

(high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

brand

noble

(high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

brand

tall

(lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind.

cae

earth

(i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also

cîl

pass between hills

(i gîl, o chîl) (cleft, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. . A homophone means ”renewal”.

eneth

name

(pl. enith)

ennen

adjective. named

ennor

place name. central land, middle-earth

erui

first

(single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.

ess

noun. name

esta

name

(call) (i esta, in estar)

fae

spirit

(soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form.

gast

void

(i ’Ast if the word can occur with article and is not counted as a proper name)

hall

tall

(exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.

hwest

breath

(i chwest, o chwest) (puff, breeze), pl. hwist (i chwist)

hîn

they

. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.

hûr

fiery spirit

(i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (readiness for action, vigour), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.

iesta-

verb. to wish

limlug

fish-dragon

(sea serpent), pl. limlyg

lâd

plain

(valley, lowland), construct lad, pl. laid

men

we

men (accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).

men

we

(accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).

minui

first

1) minui (lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form), 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”; 3) erui (single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.

minui

first

(lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form)

mîn

first

(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”

orn

tall

(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”tree”.

ross

polished metal

(glitter), pl. ryss (idh** ryss**). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”spray, foam, rain, dew”. For concrete metals, see

taur

vast

taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

vast

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

lofty

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

tall

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

telu

high roof

(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).

thûl

breath

1) thûl (pl. thuil), 2) hwest (i chwest, o chwest) (puff, breeze), pl. hwist (i chwist)

thûl

breath

(pl. thuil)

tond

tall

1) tond (lenited dond; pl. tynd), 2) †orn (pl. yrn). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”tree”.

tond

adjective. tall

tond

tall

(lenited dond; pl. tynd)

tund

hill

(i** dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i** thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.

úmarth

evil fate

(pl. úmerth)