min

cardinal. one

min numeral "one", also minë (VT45:34, VT48:6)

min

cardinal. one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first

Cognates

• S. min “one, one, [G.] single” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
• T. min “one” ✧ VT48/06

Derivations

• ✶min “one”
  • √MIN “one, first of a series, one, first of a series; [ᴹ√] stand alone, stick out”

Element in

• ᴺQ. millumë “once, one time”
• ᴺQ. mindórë “million”
• Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent”

minë

cardinal. one

minë numeral "one", also min (MINI, VT45:34)

minya

first

minya adj. "first" (MINI) (cf. Minyatur, Minyon); "eminent, prominent" (VT42:24, 25). Minyar "Firsts", the original name of the Vanyar (or rather the direct Quenya descendant of the original Primitive Quendian name) (WJ:380)

imi

in

imi prep. "in"; see mi (VT43:30)

imi

preposition. in, in, [ᴱQ.] inside

mi

in, within

mi prep. "in, within" (MI, VT27:20, VT44:18, 34, VT43:30; the latter source also mentions the variant imi); mí "in the" (Nam, RGEO:66; CO gives mi; the correct forms should evidently be mi = "in" and mí = mi i "in the"; VT49:35 also has mí with a long vowel, though the gloss is simply "in"). Used in PE17:71 (cf. 70) of people clad "in" various colours, e.g. mi mísë "in grey". Allative minna "to the inside, into" (MI), also mina (VT43:30). The forms mimmë and mingwë seem to incorporate pronominal suffixes for "us", hence ?"in us", inclusive and exclusive respectively. The pronoun -mmë denoted plural inclusive "we" when this was written, though Tolkien would later make it dual instead (see -mmë). Second person forms are also given: mil or milyë *"in you" (sg.), millë "in you" (pl.) (VT43:36). A special use of mi appears in the phrase Wendë mi Wenderon "Virgin of Virgins" (VT44:18); here mi appears superfluous to achieve the desired meaning, but this combination of singular noun + mi + plural genitive noun may be seen as a fixed idiom expressing that the initial noun represents the most prominent member of a class.

mi

preposition. in, in, [ᴹQ.] within

Cognates

• S. mi “*in”

Derivations

• ✶mī “in, within” ✧ PE17/092; VT47/30
  • √MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside” ✧ PE17/092; VT47/30
• √MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside” ✧ VT43/30

Element in

• Q. Aina Wendë mi Wenderon “Holy Virgin of virgins” ✧ VT44/18
• Q. aistana elyë imíca nísi “blessed art thou amongst women” ✧ VT43/30; VT43/30
• Q. alcar mi Tarmenel na Erun “glory [be] to God in the highest” ✧ VT44/34
• Q. ar mi cemen rainë i hínin “and on earth peace, good will toward men” ✧ VT44/34; VT44/34
• Q. Átaremma i ëa han Eä “our Father who art in Heaven” ✧ VT43/13
• ᴺQ. micol- “to import”
• Q. mina “into, in, into, in, [ᴹQ.] to the inside”
• ᴺQ. minomë “instead, in place of, in exchange of”
• Q. mi oromardi lissë miruvóreva “of the sweet mead in lofty halls” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
• Q. lissë miruvóreva mí oromardi “of sweet nectar in the high-halls” ✧ RGEO/58
• Q. mirröanwë “incarnate”
• Q. Mírondina “Incarnate”
• Q. nai tiruvantes i hárar mahalmassen mi Númen “in the keeping of those who sit upon thrones of the West” ✧ UT/305
• Q. sanomë tarnë Olórin, Aracorno, Eomer, Imrahil, mi mísë, mi telepta yo morna, mi laiqua yo ninquë, mi luinë, ta Gimli mi lossëa “There stood Gandalf, Aragorn, Eomer and Imrahil in grey, in silver and black, in green and white, and in blue, and also Gimli in white” ✧ PE17/071; PE17/071; PE17/071; PE17/071; PE17/071

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶mī > mĭ	[mi]	✧ PE17/092
√mi > imi	[imi]	✧ VT43/30
√mi > mi	[mi]	✧ VT43/30
✶mī > mĭ	[mi]	✧ VT47/30

Variations

• mĭ ✧ PE17/092; VT47/30
• mī ✧ RGEO/58; VT49/35
• imi ✧ VT43/30
• mil ✧ VT43/30 (mil)

men

way

men (2) noun "way" (SA) or "place, spot" (MEN)

men

noun. way, way; [ᴹQ.] place, spot

Cognates

• S. men “road, way, road, way; [N.] *place”

Derivations

• √MEN “go, move, proceed (in any direction); make for, go towards; have as object, (in)tend; direction, object, point moved toward; region”

Element in

• ᴺQ. catamen “background, milieu”
• Q. formen “north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]” ✧ SA/men
• Q. hyarmen “south, (lit.) left-hand direction” ✧ SA/men
• Q. Ilmen “*Place of Starlight”
• ᴺQ. mancamen “market, (lit.) trade-place”
• ᴺQ. menessë “instead, (lit.) in place”
• Q. mentië “passage, journey, direction of travel”
• ᴺQ. mótamen “office”
• ᴺQ. natsemen “website, (lit.) web-spot”
• Q. númen “west, direction or region of the sunset, occident, (lit.) going down” ✧ SA/men
• ᴺQ. parmen “school, place of study”
• ᴺQ. quermen “a turning, turn, corner (of a street)”
• Q. rómen “east, uprising, sunrise” ✧ SA/men
• ᴺQ. tirmen “theater”
• ᴺQ. tungwemen “tax-office”

mir

cardinal. one

mir (2) cardinal "one" (LT1:260; in LotR-style Quenya rather minë)

inga

first

inga (2) adj. "first" (ING)

mitta

preposition/adverb. between, [ᴹQ.] inwards, into, [ᴱQ.] in; [Q.] between

Derivations

• √MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside” ✧ VT43/30

Element in

• Q. aistana elyë imíca nísi “blessed art thou amongst women” ✧ VT43/30
• Q. Mittalmar “Inlands”
• Q. mittanya- “*to lead (into)”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√mi > mitta-	[mitta]	✧ VT43/30

Variations

• mitta- ✧ VT43/30

mitta-

between

mitta- (2) prep. "between" (VT43:30; the final hyphen may suggest that suffixes would normally follow)

mo

one, someone, anyone

mo, indefinite pronoun "one, someone, anyone" (VT42:34, VT49:19, 20, 26)

a

cardinal. one

erëa

cardinal. one

erëa adj.? "one" or *"single", apparently an adjectival form (see er) (VT44:17)

enel

between

enel prep. "between" = "at the central position in a row, list, series, etc. but also applied to the case of three persons" (VT47:11). This preposition refers to the position of a thing between others of the same kind; compare imbë.

enna

first

[enna adj. "first" (VT45:12)]

imbë

between

imbë (1) prep "between" (Nam, RGEO:67, VT47:11, PE17:92). This is "between" referring to a gap, space, barrier, or anything intervening between two other things, like or unlike one another (compare enel). The pluralized form imbi implies "among" of several things (ancalima imbi eleni "brightest among stars"); "in the sense 'among' before plurals [imbë] is usually pluralized > imbi even when a plural noun follows". As pointed out by Patrick Wynne, imbi may also be used in the sense of "between" before two singular nouns connected by "and" (as in the example imbi Menel Cemenyë "between heaven and earth"), whereas imbë is used before dual forms, as in the examples imbë siryat "between two rivers", imbë met "between us". Elided imb' in the phrase imb' illi "among all" (VT47:11, 30). A dual form imbit is also mentioned, used to express "in absolute form the sense 'between two things' when these are not named" (apparently meaning that imbit expresses *"between them" referring to two entities, with no noun following) (VT47:30, PE17:92)

esta

first

esta (2) adj. "first" (ESE/ESET); this entry was marked with a query. The word Yestarë (q.v.) "Beginning-day" in LotR suggests that Tolkien decided to change the stem in question to _YESE/YESET_. We could then read *yesta for esta (but later this became a noun "beginning" rather than an adj. "first", PE17:120) and also prefix a y to the other words derived from ESE/ESET (essë* > yessë, essëa > yessëa). Estanossë noun "the firstborn", read likewise Yestanossë** (*Yestanessi?) but in a later text, Tolkien used Minnónar (q.v.) for "the Firstborn" as a name of the Elves, and this form may be preferred. _(In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word _Estanossë is cited as "Estanesse", but according to VT45:12, the second-to-last vowel is actually o in Tolkien's manuscript.)

quén

one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman

quén (quen-, as in pl. queni; as final element in compounds -quen) noun "one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman", pl. queni = "persons", "(some) people", "they" with the most general meaning (as in "they [= people in general] say that..."). The element is combined with noun and adjective stems in old compounds to denote habitual occupations or functions, or to describe those having some notable (permanent) quality; examples include roquen, ciryaquen, arquen, q.v. Also in aiquen "whoever", ilquen "everybody" (WJ:361 cf. 360, 372).

setta

first

[setta, setya adj. "first" (possibly also "primary", but Tolkien's gloss was not certainly legible) (VT46:13)]

vand-

way, path

vand- noun "way, path" (LT1:264; a final vowel would seem to be required, but in Tolkien's later Quenya, the words tië or mallë are to be preferred)

aicalë

peak

aicalë ("k")noun "a peak" (AYAK)

er

one, alone

er cardinal "one, alone" (ERE, VT48:6, VT49:54), in an early source also adv. "only, but, still" (LT1:269); Eru er "one God" (VT44:17; er was here emended by Tolkien from erëa, which seems to be an adjectival form *"one, single".)

lé

way

lé (1) noun "way" = "method, manner" ("as in that is not As way"). Not to be confused with lé as a stressed form of le = plural "you"; Tolkien was himself dissatisfied with this clash (PE17:74).

mîn

fraction. one (first of a series)

mîn

preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)

mîn

noun. [thing] between; gap, space, barrier; anything intervening between two other things

Derivations

• ✶mīni “between” ✧ VT47/11
  • √MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside” ✧ VT47/11

Element in

• S. Minhiriath “Between the Rivers” ✧ VT47/11

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶mīni > mîn	[mīni] > [min] > [mīn]	✧ VT47/11

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

min

cardinal. one, one, [G.] single

Cognates

• Q. min “one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06

Element in

• S. Miniel “Vanyar”
• S. minlamad “?alliteration, (lit.) first-echoing”
• S. minui “first” ✧ VT42/25
• S. minuial “(dawn) twilight”

Variations

• min ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
• mîn ✧ VT42/25

min

noun. peak

A word glossed “peak” appearing in the name S. Min-Rimmon “Peak of the Rimmon” from the Unfinished Index to The Lord of the Rings (RC/511). It is probably a derivative of √MIN.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. mintye “peak”

Derivations

• √MIN “one, first of a series, one, first of a series; [ᴹ√] stand alone, stick out”

Element in

• S. Min-Rimmon “Peak of the Rimmon” ✧ RC/511

Variations

• min ✧ RC/511

main

ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent

mein

ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent

mein

ordinal. first

Cognates

• Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent” ✧ VT42/10

min-

preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)

minui

ordinal. first

minui

ordinal. first

Cognates

• Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent” ✧ VT42/25

vi

preposition. in

vi

preposition. in

men

noun. way, road

brann

towering

_ adj. _towering, tall and massive. >> brand

im

preposition. between

Derivations

• √MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside”

Element in

• S. Taur-im-Duinath “Forest between the Rivers” ✧ S/123

Variations

• im ✧ S/123

ned

noun. first, *one more; first; *during

This word replaced the preposition uin “of the” in the third version of the King’s Letter, appearing in the phrase nelchaenen ned Echuir “the thirty-first day of Stirring”. Both Carl Hostetter (VT31/30) and David Salo (SG/229) theorized that this replacement has a similar prepositional function, from either √NOT “count” or √NED “middle”. Fiona Jallings suggested it might be a temporal preposition, with sense “during” (FJNS/349).

On VT47/40, note 67, Patrick Wynne suggested that this word might be a cognate of the newly published Quenya word net(ë) “one more”. This theory is supported by the most likely interpretation of nelchaenen. This word seems to mean “thirtieth” rather than “thirty-first”, and Patrick Wynne suggested that nelchaenen ned means “thirtieth and one more” = “thirty-first”. I find this theory the most compelling, and use it here.

Element in

• S. a Pherhael ar am Meril suilad uin aran o Minas Tirith nelchaenen ned Echuir “to Samwise and Rose the King’s greeting from Minas Tirith, the thirty-first day of Stirring” ✧ SD/129
• ᴺS. neman “when, (lit.) during what”

ned

preposition. (uncertain meaning) in, of (about time, e.g. giving a date)

[Another possible interpretation: "another, one more" (related to Q. net(e)), VT/47:40]

pen

pronoun. one, somebody, anybody

Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2

ereb

adjective. isolated, lonely

othlonn

noun. paved way

pâd

noun. way

pâd

way

(construct pad), i bâd, pl. paid (i phaid). Isolated from Tharbad ”Crossroad”.

tharbad

noun. cross-way

tê

way

(i dê, o thê) (line), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath.

mîn

i

(min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)

mîn

first

(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”

mîn

noun. motion

Derivations

• √MEN “go, move, proceed (in any direction); make for, go towards; have as object, (in)tend; direction, object, point moved toward; region”

Element in

• ᴺS. mínem “movie, motion picture”

mîn

isolated

(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (first, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the numeral ”one”.

mîn

towering

mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, first). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the numeral ”one”.

mîn

towering

(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, first). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the numeral ”one”.

min

cardinal. one

1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)

min

one

mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.

dî

in

unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

minui

first

1) minui (lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form), 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”; 3) erui (single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.

minui

first

(lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form)

mi

between

mi (with article: min)

mi

between

(with article: min)

ne

in

ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129)

ne

in, inside

(prefix) (mid-)

vi

in

(prep.) 1) vi (VT44:23), with article vin; 2) ne, ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129); 3) dî, unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

vi

in

(VT44:23), with article vin

mên

way

1) mên (i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (road), pl. mîn (i mîn), 2) lend (journey), pl. lind, coll. pl. lennath. Note: a homophone means ”tuneful, sweet”, 3) #pâd (construct pad), i bâd, pl. paid (i phaid). Isolated from Tharbad ”Crossroad”. 4) tê (i dê, o thê) (line), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath.

mên

way

(i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (road), pl. mîn (i mîn)

mên

road

mên (i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (way), pl. mîn (i mîn). Cf. also:

mên

road

(i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (way), pl. mîn (i mîn). Cf. also:

im

between

(prep.) im (within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”I” and a noun mening ”dell, deep vale”. The word mîn (min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)

im

between

(within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”

pen

cardinal. one

(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

pen

one

(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

êr

one

whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)

aeg

horn

(point, thorn). No distinct pl. form. (but aeglir can be used for a range of mountain peaks). Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) mîn (i vîn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîn), coll. pl. míniath. Note: homophones include the numeral ”one” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 3) egnas (sharp point; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassath.

erui

first

(single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.

lend

way

(journey), pl. lind, coll. pl. lennath. Note: a homophone means ”tuneful, sweet”

till

sharp-pointed peak

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds)  (tine, point, sharp horn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.  

imrath

valley

(pl. imraith)

eru

the one

isolated from

ereb

isolated

1) ereb (lonely), pl. erib, 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (first, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the numeral ”one”.

ereb

isolated

(lonely), pl. erib

min

cardinal. one

Cognates

• Q. min “one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first” ✧ VT48/06

minya

ordinal. first

Cognates

• Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent” ✧ VT42/25

er

cardinal. one

Cognates

• Q. er “one, alone, one, alone; [ᴱQ.] only, a single” ✧ VT48/06

enel

preposition. between, in the middle

This form was supposedly recorded by the Loremasters (VT47:39). It is derived from a variant of the root ÉNED- "centre" (LR:356), since "d and l interchanged frequently in Common Eldarin" (VT47:39).

ash

cardinal. one

Element in

• Bs. ash nazg durbatulûk “one ring to rule them all” ✧ LotR/0254; PE17/011
• Bs. ash nazg gimbatul “one ring to find them” ✧ LotR/0254; PE17/011
• Bs. ash nazg thrakatulûk agh burzum-ishi krimpatul “one ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them” ✧ LotR/0254; PE17/011

ishi

preposition. in, inside

Usually placed after the noun in Black Speech, c.f. burzum-ishi (darkness-inside).

ash

cardinal. one

min

cardinal. one

Derivations

• √MIN “one, first of a series, one, first of a series; [ᴹ√] stand alone, stick out”

Derivatives

• Q. min “one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first”

Element in

• ✶Imin “One” ✧ WJ/421
• ✶Iminye ✧ WJ/421

Variations

• Min ✧ NM/060

imin

masculine name. One

Element in

• Q. Imillië “Company of Imin”

mīni

preposition. between

Derivations

• √MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside” ✧ VT47/11

Derivatives

• S. mîn “[thing] between; gap, space, barrier; anything intervening between two other things” ✧ VT47/11

minya

ordinal. first

Derivatives

• S. main “prime, chief, pre-eminent” ✧ VT42/25

imi

root. in

imbi

preposition. between

Derivations

• √MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside” ✧ PE17/092; VT47/11; VT47/30

Derivatives

• Q. imbë “between, among, between, among; [ᴹQ.] in(wards)” ✧ PE17/092; VT47/11; VT47/30
• S. im “valley, valley; [N.] dell, deep vale” ✧ VT47/14
• T. imbe “gap, gully; low/narrow tract between high walls” ✧ VT47/14

Element in

• Q. imbilat “*deep valley” ✧ NM/355
• S. imlad “deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides, gap, gully, deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides, gap, gully, [N.] dell, glen” ✧ NM/355

Variations

• imbĭ ✧ PE17/092; VT47/30

tilte

noun. peak

Derivations

• √TIL “point, horn”

Derivatives

• Q. tildë “a fine sharp point, fine sharp point, [ᴹQ.] spike; (mountain) horn, [ᴱQ.] tip, ️peak”

Element in

• ✶tār(a)-ninqui-tilte “High White Peak” ✧ PE17/186

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

min

cardinal. one

Cognates

• ᴹQ. min “one” ✧ Ety/MINI

Derivations

• ᴹ√MIN “stand alone, stick out” ✧ Ety/MINI

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MINI > min	[mini] > [mine] > [min]	✧ Ety/MINI

di

preposition. in

Derivations

• ᴹ√(N)DI “in” ✧ EtyAC/NDI

Element in

• N. di ngorgoros “*in deadly fear” ✧ EtyAC/NDI

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√NDI/DI > di	[ndi] > [di]	✧ EtyAC/NDI

ne-

prefix. in

Derivations

• ᴹ√NE “*in”

Element in

• N. neledh- “*to go in, enter”
• N. nestag- “to insert, stick in” ✧ Ety/STAK
• ᴺS. nethan- “to inspire, kindle inside”

edhen

adjective. first

Cognates

• ᴹQ. enna “first” ✧ EtyAC/EDE

Derivations

• ᴹ✶edenā “first” ✧ EtyAC/EDE
  • ᴹ√EDE(L) “precede, come forward, hence” ✧ EtyAC/EDE

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶edenā > eðen	[edenā] > [edena] > [eðena] > [eðen]	✧ EtyAC/EDE

Variations

• eðen ✧ EtyAC/EDE (eðen)

ereg

place name. First

Earlier name for the river S. Erui from Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, apparently a Noldorin word meaning ereg “first” (TI/312, WR/436).

Changes

• Ereg → Erui “First” ✧ TI/312
• Ereg → Erui ✧ WRI/Erui

ereg

adjective. first

Element in

• N. Ereg “First” ✧ TI/312

Elements

Word	Gloss
er	“one, alone”
-eg	“suffix for ordinal numbers”

Variations

• Ereg ✧ TI/312

nedh-

prefix. in, inside, mid-

See also the preposition ned , and the noun ened for a discussion of this form

rada-

verb. to make a way, find a way

ereb

adjective. isolated, lonely

othlon

noun. paved way

othlond

noun. paved way

ereb

adjective. isolated

Derivations

• ᴹ✶erekwa “isolated” ✧ Ety/ERE

Element in

• N. Amon Ereb “Lonely Hill” ✧ Ety/ERE
• N. Erebor “Lonely Mountain”
• N. Dolereb “Lonely Mt.”
• N. Erebras “Lonely Mountain” ✧ Ety/ERE
• N. Toll-ereb “*Lonely Isle” ✧ Ety/TOL²

Elements

Word	Gloss
er	“one, alone”
-eb	“adjective suffix”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶ereqa > ereb	[erekwa] > [erepa] > [erep] > [ereb]	✧ Ety/ERE