pl1. mithryn
Sindarin
mithril
mithril
mithron
mithron
mithir
mithir
. This gloss was rejected.
mithrel
mithrel
. This gloss was rejected.
mithril
mithril
. This gloss was rejected.
mithrim
mithrim
mithrin
mithrin
minlamad
noun. 'first voiced' or 'first-echoing', alliterative (?) verse mode (minlamad thent/estent)
The word is not translated by Tolkien. For a discussion of its probable meaning, refer to Tolkien's Legendarium p. 121-122
miniel
proper name. Vanyar
min
noun. peak
A word glossed “peak” appearing in the name S. Min-Rimmon “Peak of the Rimmon” from the Unfinished Index to The Lord of the Rings (RC/511). It is probably a derivative of √MIN.
minhiriath
place name. Between the Rivers
Minas Anor
noun. the tower of the sun
minas (“tower, fort”), Anor (“the sun”)
Minas Ithil
noun. the tower of the moon
minas (“tower, fort”), Ithil (“the moon”)
Minas Morgu
noun. tower of black magic
minas (“tower, fort”), morn (“dark, black”) + (n-)gûl (“magic, necromancy”) As for the lenition inside the second word, in L:427, Tolkien explains that “…the triconsonantal group (rng) then being reduced to rg”.
Minas Morgul
'Tower of Sorcery'
topon. 'Tower of Sorcery'. >> Minas Tirith
Minas Tirith
noun. tower watch
minas (“tower, fort”), tirith (“watch, guard, vigilance”)
Minas Tirith
place name. 'Tower of Watch'
topon. 'Tower of Watch', the great 'home' of Finrod, a fort built on an island in Sirion and intended to command access into Beleriand from the North. >> Minas Morgul
Mindolluin
noun. pale, #blue hill
mindon (“isolated hill”) + luin (#Dor. “pale, #blue”)
Minhiriath
noun. between the rivers
min (prefix “between”) + sîr (“river”) + ath (class plural suffix)
Mitheithel
noun. hoarwell
mith (“grey”) + eithel (“spring, well”)
Mithlond
noun. Grey Havens
mith (“grey”) + lond (“entrance to harbour, land-locked haven”)
Mithrandir
noun. grey wanderer
mith (“grey”) + ran (“wander, stray”) + dîr (“man, adult male”)
Mithrandir
noun. 'Grey Pilgrim'
mimp
cardinal. eleven
_ card. _eleven. Q. minque. >> imp. This gloss was rejected.
min
card
minna-
verb. go in
_ v. _go in, enter. >> minno
minno
verb. imp
v. imp. of minna- enter. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. >> minna-
miruvor
S
_ n. _S. form taken by borrowed Q. word miruvóre (< MIR esteem, value). >> mîr
mith
grey
adj. grey, light grey. >> Mithrandir, mithril
mithril
noun. silver-like metal
mith (“grey”) + rill (“brilliance”)
mithrim
noun. grey elves
mith (“grey”) + rim (collective plural suffix)
mithrim
noun. grey cold lake
mith (“grey”) + rimb (“cold pool or lake”)
mirion
noun. great jewel (Silmaril)
mîr (“jewel, precious thing”) + on (#augmentative suffix)
minna-
verb. to go in, enter
minas
noun. tower, fort, city (with a citadel and central watch tower)
min
cardinal. one, one, [G.] single
minib
cardinal. eleven
minui
ordinal. first
minuial
noun. (dawn) twilight
mithren
adjective. grey
min-
preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)
milbar
noun. 'beloved dwelling'
n. 'beloved dwelling', applied to the places best known and most frequented. It was used to derive Q. mélamar.
milbar
noun. 'dear home'
n. 'dear home', the place of one's birth, or desire, or one's home returned to after journey or exile.
mimp
cardinal. eleven
min
fraction. one (first of a series)
min
adjective. our
minai
adjective. single, distinct, unique
minas
noun. tower
minas
noun. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower
minib
cardinal. eleven
miniel
noun. an Elf, one of the Vanyar
minna-
verb. to enter
minno
verb. enter! (lit. to the inside!)
minui
ordinal. first
minuial
noun. "morrowdim", the time near dawn, when the star fade
mirian
noun. piece of money, coin used in Gondor
mistad
noun. straying, error
mith
adjective. (pale) grey
mithren
adjective. grey
mithril
noun. true-silver, a silver-like metal
mi
between
mi (with article: min)
mi
between
(with article: min)
mith
wet mist
(i vith) (white fog), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mith). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone is the adjective ”pale grey”. ✱
mith
wet mist
mith (i vith) (white fog), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mith). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone is the adjective ”pale grey”. *
mith
wet mist
mith (i vith) (white fog), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mith). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone is the adjective ”pale grey”.
mith
wet mist
(i vith) (white fog), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mith). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone is the adjective ”pale grey”.
milui
friendly
milui (lenited vilui; no distinct pl. form) (loving, kind)
milui
loving
milui (lenited vilui; no distinct pl. form) (friendly, kind)
milui
kind
(adj.) milui (lenited vilui; no distinct pl. form) (loving, friendly)
min
cardinal. one
1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)
minai
distinct
minai (single, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini
minai
distinct
(single, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini**
minai
unique
minai (distinct, single), lenited vinai; pl. mini
minai
unique
(distinct, single), lenited vinai; pl. mini
minas
tower
(i vinas), pl. minais (i minais), coll. pl. minassath
minib
cardinal. eleven
minib (VT48:6-8)
miniel
first elf
(one of the tribe of the Vanyar) Miniel (i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i **Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath**. (WJ:383)
miniel
first elf
(= Vanya) Miniel (i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath. (WJ:383)
minna
enter
1) minna- (i vinna, i minnar), 2) neledh- (i neledh, i neledhir) (go in)
minna
enter
(i vinna, i minnar)
minui
first
1) minui (lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form), 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”; 3) erui (single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.
minuial
twilight
(i vinuial) (dawn, morrowdim), pl. minuiail (i minuiail).
minuial
dawn
minuial (i vinuial) (morrowdim, twilight), pl. minuiail (i minuiail)
minuial
dawn
(i vinuial) (morrowdim, twilight), pl. minuiail (i minuiail)
minuial
morrowdim
(i vinuial) (dawn, twilight), pl. minuiail (i minuiail)
minuial
morrowdim
minuial (i vinuial) (dawn, twilight), pl. minuiail (i minuiail)
mirian
coin
(name of a coin) mirian (i virian), pl. miriain (i miriain)
mirian
coin
(i virian), pl. miriain (i miriain)
mirian
penny
(name of a coin) mirian (i virian), pl. miriain (i miriain)
mirian
penny
(i virian), pl. miriain (i miriain)
mirion
great jewel
(i Virion), pl. Míryn (i Míryn). (LR:373 s.v. MIR lists the archaic ”Noldorin” plural Miruin.)
mist
error
mist (i vist), no distinct pl. except with article (i mist); also *mistad (i vistad) (straying), pl. mistaid (i mistaid). The word appears as ”mistrad” in the source (LR:373 s.v. MIS), but this would seem to be a typo.
mist
error
(i vist), no distinct pl. except with article (i mist); also ✱mistad (i vistad) (straying), pl. mistaid (i mistaid). The word appears as ”mistrad” in the source (LR:373 s.v. MIS), but this would seem to be a typo.
mista
stray
(verb) 1) mista- (i vista, i mistar), 2) renia- (sail, wander, fly) (i renia, idh reniar). Adj.
mista
stray
(i vista, i mistar)
mistad
straying
(i vistad) (error), pl. mistaid (i mistaid). The word appears as ”mistrad” in the source (LR:373 s.v. MIS), but this would seem to be an error.
mistad
straying
*mistad (i vistad) (error), pl. mistaid (i mistaid). The word appears as ”mistrad” in the source (LR:373 s.v. MIS), but this would seem to be an error.
mith
white fog
(i vith) (wet mist), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mith). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone is the adjective ”pale grey”.
mith
grey
(lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.
mith
pale grey
(lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.
mith
white fog
mith (i vith) (wet mist), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mith). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone is the adjective ”pale grey”.
mith
white fog
mith (i vith) (wet mist), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mith). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone is the adjective ”pale grey”.
mith
pale grey
mith (lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.
mithren
grey
1) *mithren (lenited vithren, pl. mithrin). 2) thind (pale); no distinct pl. form. 3) (pale grey) mith (lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.
mithren
grey
(lenited vithren, pl. mithrin).
mithril
copper, gold, iron, silver
(i** vithril, no distinct pl. form except with article [i** mithril], coll. pl. ?mithrillath). The description of mithril may seem to fit titanium.
mithril
true-silver
” (a metal found principally in Moria) mithril (i vithril), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mithril); coll. pl. mithrillath if there are any plural forms. (The Sindarin word seems to mean *”grey brilliance”.)
mithril
true-silver
(a metal found principally in Moria) mithril (i vithril), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mithril); coll. pl. mithrillath if there are any plural forms.
mithril
true-silver
(i vithril), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mithril); coll. pl. mithrillath if there are any plural forms.
min
one
mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.
mib-
verb. to kiss
milf
noun. greed
milt
noun. semen
miru
noun. wine
mib-
verb. kiss
milui
friendly
(lenited vilui; no distinct pl. form) (loving, kind)
milui
loving
(lenited vilui; no distinct pl. form) (friendly, kind)
milui
kind
(lenited vilui; no distinct pl. form) (loving, friendly)
minui
first
(lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form)
nen hithoel
place name. Mist-cool Water
The lake above the falls of Rauros, translated “Mist-cool Water” in Tolkien’s “Unfinished Index” of The Lord of the Rings (RC/327-8). This name is a combination of nen “water”, hîth “mist” and oel “cool” (SA/nen, hîth).
Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, Tolkien first considered the names N. Kerin-muil and Nen-uinel (TI/364), only later settling on Nen Hithoel.
It may be that when Tolkien first conceived of this name, the final element was N. oel “lake”. Prior to the publication of The Lord of the Rings: a Reader’s Companion, this was a common theory for the meaning of this name. When Noldorin became Sindarin, the word N. oel became S. ael, as in S. Aelin-uial “Meres of Twilight”, at which point Tolkien may have then revised the etymology for Nen Hithoel as given above. Since Nen Hithoel was a comparatively late composition, however, it may be that meaning “Mist-cool Water” was always Tolkien’s intent.
belaith
adjective. mighty
An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form ✱✶mbelektā with the ekt vocalizing to eith and then the ei becoming ai in the final syllable.
cenedril
noun. mirror, looking-glass, (lit.) looking-crystal
A noun for “mirror” in Nen Cenedril “Mirrormere”, which Tolkien initially gave as Nen Singil (PE17/35). Tolkien said that this word meant “looking glass” or more literally “looking crystal” (PE17/37). The initial element cened clearly means “looking”, the gerund of cen- “to see”. Thus the second element -ril must be “crystal”, perhaps a reduction of bril as in Brilthor “Glittering Torrent” (S/123); in the 1930s this was an Ilkorin name whose initial element Ilk. bril meant “glass, crystal” (Ety/MBIRIL).
hithui
adjective. misty
An adjectival form of hîth “mist”, constructed via the common adjective suffix -ui. It is translated in the early name N. Eredhithui “Misty Mountains” (TI/124), a precursor of S. Hithaeglir. It is attested in later writings as S. Hithui, the Sindarin name for November (lit. “✱Misty-one”).
hîth
noun. mist
The Sindarin word for “mist”, an element in many names, derived from the root √KHITH of the same meaning (SA/hîth; PE17/73).
Conceptual Development: N. hîth “mist” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the derivation given above (Ety/KHIS), though when Tolkien first defined the word, he first wrote (and then deleted) the gloss “fog” (EtyAC/KHIS). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, Christopher Tolkien wrote hith (LR/364), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne confirmed that the actual form was hîth in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT45/22).
lebenedh
noun. middle finger
Arveleg
noun. mighty king
ar (prefix “high, noble, royal”) + beleg (“great, mighty”)
Enedwaith
noun. middle folk/region
enedh (“middle, center”) + gwaith (“people, folk, region”)
Hithliniath
noun. misty pools
hîth (“mist, fog”) + lîn (“pool”) + ath (collective plural suffix)
Hithlum
noun. misty shade
hîth (“mist, fog”) + lum (“shade”)
Nen Hithoel
noun. mist-cool water
nen (“water”), hîth (“grey”) + oel (“cool”) [HKF] oel was reinterpreted by Tolkien from earlier “lake” when he decided that primitive ai yielded ae, not oe; #[His.] - “[hithoel] seems to show that words beginning with an h may resist the lenition”.
Nen Singil
Mirrormere
_topon. _Mirrormere. Nen Cenedril << Nen Singil. . This gloss was rejected.
belaith
adjective. mighty
adj. mighty. Q. melehta.
dýr
adjective. mistaken
_ adj. _mistaken, off point, not right.
hithlain
noun. mist-thread
hîth (“mist, fog”) + lain (“thread”)
dŷl
noun. mistake
dŷr
adjective. mistaken, off point, not right
dýgar
noun/adjective. mistaken act; doing a wrong thing
hithlain
noun. mist-thread (a substance used by the Elves of Lothlórien to make strong ropes)
honeg
noun. middle finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
Given as honig in VT/47:14, but see VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion
hîth
noun. mist, fog
lebenedh
noun. middle finger
othgarn
noun. misdeed, misdeed, *sin
singil
noun. mirror
tolch
noun. middle finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
toleg
noun. middle finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
enedh
noun. centre, middle, centre, middle; [N.] core
@@@ Tolkien vacillated between enedh (< √ENED) and ened (perhaps < √ENET) in his later writings. In HSD/ened, it is suggested that ened is the likely “final” form based on Enedwaith as it appears in The Lord of the Rings and as discussed on Let/224. I prefer enedh for better compatibility with its Quenya cognate endë as in Q. enderi “middle-days” (LotR/1108, endë + ré “day”). If the Sindarin form were ened < √ENET, the corresponding Quenya form would instead be entë. Furthermore, in a general discussion of the uses of dh on VT42/20, Tolkien states that “Enedhwaith is misspelt”, possibly meaning that the normal spelling (Enedwaith) is not strictly correct.
feleg
noun. cave, mine, underground dwelling
A word for “cave, mine, underground dwelling” in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957, derived from the root √PHELEK, that Tolkien considered as an alternative to fela (< ✶phelgā) for the initial element of the name Felagund (PE17/118).
Conceptual Development: N. feleg “(animal’s) horn; steep mountain peak” appeared in a deleted entry in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but that seems unrelated.
Neo-Sindarin: In a note from 1959, Tolkien derived Felagund as a loan word from Khuzdul Felakgundu “Cave Hewer” (PM/352), and this was the etymology Christopher Tolkien gave in The Silmarillion index (SI/Felagund). I prefer this as the basis for Felagund’s name, and √PHELEG over √PHELEK as the ancient Elvish root. Nevertheless I think feleg “cave” may remain viable in Neo-Sindarin as a loan word from Khuzdul. The similarity of ancient Elvish PHELEG and Dwarvish radical ✱F-L-K may be a coincidence or the result of Avari influence on Ancient Dwarvish.
mîdh
noun. dew, dew, *moisture, damp(ness); [ᴱN.] mist, drizzle
A Sindarin word for “dew” given as míð in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s as a derivative of ✶mizdē “drizzle” (PE19/101), illustrating how [[os|[z] vanished before [d] lengthening preceding vowel]] in (Old) Sindarin.
Conceptual Development: N. mîdh “dew” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the same derivation as given above (Ety/MIZD), though Tolkien first wrote its gloss as “fine rain” (EtyAC/MIZD). This deleted gloss seems to be a remnant of ᴱN. midh “mist, drizzle” from Early Noldorin Word-lists, but there its primitive form was ᴱ✶míye (PE13/150).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would extend the meaning of this word to include “✱moisture, damp(ness)” in general, especially as the result of a previous rain.
Gorthu
'Mist of Fear'
'Mist of Fear'. Q. ñorthus, ñorsus. >> saur
dýgar
a mistaken act
dýl
noun. a mistake
_ n. _a mistake.
ennor
'Middle-earth'
topon. 'Middle-earth'. Poetic form ennorath. Q. Endor, Endóre. >> ennorath
hithlain
'mist thread'
n. 'mist thread', wrap. Q. hísilanya.
othgar(ed)
noun. a mistake in speech
_ n. _a mistake in speech. >> othgarn
othgarn
noun. a misdeed
raen
adjective. smiling
adj. smiling, gracious, sweet-faced. Q. raina. >> Gilraen
sabar
noun. delved mine
The unmutated form is reconstructed from the place name Nornhabar, assuming that the second word is mutated in composition. Though habar as the regular form might be possible as well, in the Qenyaqetsa we find the root SAPA "dig, excavate" (PE/12:82), so it seems most likely that Tolkien re-used this old base, and that the underlying form in those names would indeed be sabar
enaid
adjective. central, middle
beleg
adjective. great, mighty
dew-
verb. to fail, miss
dírnaith
noun. a military wedge-formation launched over a short distance against an enemy massing but not yet arrayed, or against a defensive formation on open ground
ened
noun. core, centre, middle
While the word is written enedh in the Etymologies, it seems that Tolkien considered and reconsidered its form throughout his life. Late rough jottings (c. 1968), as well as the text of letter no. 168 and the fact that the toponym Enedwaith was never changed on the LotR map, seem to imply that ened is the (most) definitive form. See also the possibly related preposition ned , which has sometimes been suggested to mean "in" (while again a prefix nedh- is seen in the Etymologies)
hithui
noun/adjective. foggy, misty
ithildin
noun. a silver-colored substance, which mirrors only starlight and moonlight
main
ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent
mein
ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent
mírdan
noun. jewel-smith
tolch
noun. (?) "litte prominent one"
toleg
noun. (?) "litte prominent one"
Hithlum
Mist-shadow
Enedwaith
place name. middle folk or middle region
beleg
mighty
1) beleg (great), lenited veleg, pl. belig; 2) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
ennor
middle-earth
Ennor, also in coll. pl. ennorath = lands of Middle-earth (RGEO, Letters:384). Apparently less usual is the term Emerain.
ennor
place name. middle land
*Roots EN(ED) ("centre, middle") + NDOR ("land")
lebenedh
middle finger
1) lebenedh (pl. lebenidh) (VT48:5), 2) tolch (i dolch, o tholch), pl. tylch (i thylch) (VT48:6-12). Also called honeg (i choneg, o choneg), pl. honig (i chonig). The word honeg means ”little brother”, but was used in childrens play for the middle finger.
sabar
mine
1) (delved mine) #sabar (i habar, o sabar), pl. sebair (i sebair). Isolated from the name Anghabar, ”iron mine”. The root _
sabar
mine
(i habar, o sabar), pl. sebair (i sebair). Isolated from the name Anghabar, ”iron mine”. The root SAPA ”dig, excavate” (QL:82) suggests that this -habar is a lenited form of ✱sabar. If the unlenited form is actually ✱habar, read: habar (i chabar, o chabar), pl. hebair (i chebair).
taur
mighty
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
molor
noun. mill
A neologism coined by Fiona Jallings in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) on 2018-07-08, a noun form of ᴺS. mol- “grind”.
beleg
mighty
(great), lenited veleg, pl. belig
cenedril
mirror
cenedril (i genedril, o chenedril), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chenedril), coll. pl. cenedrillath. Literally "looking-glass" (cened + rill).
cenedril
mirror
(i genedril, o chenedril), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chenedril), coll. pl. cenedrillath. Literally "looking-glass" (cened + rill).
doll
misty
1) doll (dark, dusky, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in Sindarin. 2) hithui (foggy), lenited chithui; no distinct pl. form.
doll
misty
(dark, dusky, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in Sindarin.
enedh
middle
enedh (core, center), pl. enidh
enedh
middle
(core, center), pl. enidh
enedhin
midyear
enedhin (VT45:27)
enedhin
midyear
enedhin (VT45:27)
hithlain
mist-thread
name of a fiber made in Lórien.
hithlain
mist-thread
hithlain, name of a fiber made in Lórien.
hithui
misty
(foggy), lenited chithui; no distinct pl. form.
hîth
mist
hîth (i chîth) (fog), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i chîth).
hîth
mist
(i chîth) (fog), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i chîth).
ind
mind
ind (inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
ind
mind
(inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
ne
mid-
ne- (prefix) (in, inside)
rhûd
mine
*rhûd (construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, rockhewn hall), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365).
rhûd
mine
(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, rockhewn hall), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*.
mîn
i
(min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)
main
prominent
main (lenited vain; pl. mîn) (prime, chief) (VT45:15)
main
prominent
(lenited vain; pl. mîn) (prime, chief) (VT45:15)
mírdan
jewel-smith
(i vírdan), pl. mírdain (i mírdain)
mírdan
jewel-smith
mírdan (i vírdan), pl. mírdain (i mírdain)
enaidh
adjective. central, middle
rae
noun. smile
raeda-
verb. to smile
renna-
verb. to remind
ball
adjective. worthy, important; great, mighty
cang
noun/adjective. tangled, confused, mixed up, awry; tangle, confusion, mêllay
gûr
inner mind
(i ’ûr, construct gur) (heart), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11)
tinc
eminent
should at least be preferred for clarity).
leber
noun. finger
The Sindarin word for “finger”, derived from primitive ✶leper and based on the root √LEP “pick up” (VT47/10; VT48/5).
Conceptual Development: Tolkien used various Elvish words for “finger” over his life, but most were based on the root √LEP. The Gnomish Grammar and Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. leptha “finger” (GG/13; GL/53), clearly derived from the early root ᴱ√LEPE that was the basis for contemporaneous Qenya finger words (QL/53). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it was ᴱN. lhê “finger”, derived from primitive ᴱ✶lept- (PE13/148). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was N. lhebed “finger” based on the root ᴹ√LEPET of the same meaning (Ety/LEP). In drafts of the 1968 notes mentioned above, Tolkien had S. lebed “finger” (VT47/27), but this was replaced by leber in the finished versions (VT47/23-24 note #30).
ned
noun. first, *one more; first; *during
This word replaced the preposition uin “of the” in the third version of the King’s Letter, appearing in the phrase nelchaenen ned Echuir “the thirty-first day of Stirring”. Both Carl Hostetter (VT31/30) and David Salo (SG/229) theorized that this replacement has a similar prepositional function, from either √NOT “count” or √NED “middle”. Fiona Jallings suggested it might be a temporal preposition, with sense “during” (FJNS/349).
On VT47/40, note 67, Patrick Wynne suggested that this word might be a cognate of the newly published Quenya word net(ë) “one more”. This theory is supported by the most likely interpretation of nelchaenen. This word seems to mean “thirtieth” rather than “thirty-first”, and Patrick Wynne suggested that nelchaenen ned means “thirtieth and one more” = “thirty-first”. I find this theory the most compelling, and use it here.
Míriel
adjective. or quasi-adverb like a jewel
_adj. or quasi-adverb _like a jewel, shining jewel-like. In origin a participial form of verb míria-. silivren penna míriel lit. 'glittering slants-down sparkling (as jewels)'. >> míria-
cae
card
caen-
card
calen
green
(galen) _ adj. _green (fresh, vigorous). galen after a sg. noun. Q. kălina (lit. illumined) sunny, light.
er
card
erui
adjective. single, alone
The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui
erui
adjective. first (incorrect use by the Gondorians)
The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui
feleg
noun. cave
n. cave, mine, underground dwelling. Q. felco. Q.
gelir
adjective. merry
Sindarin translation of the name of Sam’s son Merry, appearing in Tolkien’s unpublished epilogue to The Lord of the Rings and in the King’s Letter from the early 1950s (SD/126, 129). This word is apparently an adjective, most likely an elaboration of [N.] gell “joy”. In Didier Willis’s Sindarin Dictionary, it is suggested this word might instead be a noun, an agental formation meaning “✱merry person” (HSD/gelir).
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the word for “merry” was G. dairog (GL/29), likely derived from ᴱ√TYALA “play”. This was revised to G. dairion in the “Gnomish Lexicon Slips” (PE13/112) and again to ᴱN. gair in Early Noldorin word lists from the 1920s (PE13/141, 143). This last change probably also reflects a new root, though exactly what this root might be is unclear. There isn’t a clear connection between these early forms and later gelir beyond a superficial resemblance of form.
gwîn
noun. wine, vine
The wine of Dor-Winion occurs in the Lay of the children of Húrin and a place located either in the "burning South" in the first version, or probably east of the Blue Mountains in the second. Then we have Dorwinion as a meadow-land in Tol Eressëa at the end of the Quenta Silmarillion. It reappears in The Hobbit, and was finally placed North-West of the Sea of Rhûn in the decorated map by Pauline Baynes (see HL/115-117 for discussion). The meaning of this name is unknown and has been largely discussed. What do we have indeed in this "Winion", or rather gwinion since the initial w- must come from lenition? According to Christopher Tolkien, the Lay was begun c. 1918 and was composed during his father's stay at Leeds, a date meaning that the word can be Gnomish, possibly Early Noldorin, or in an indigenous language of Beleriand. In Gnomish and later in Doriathrin and Ilkorin, there is a genitive plural ending -ion which may very well be contained in this word. Then we would segment gwin-ion "of gwin". The context calls for "wine", "vine" or something similar. It can hardly be a coincidence that gwin is precisely the Welsh word for "wine", a loan from the Latin vinum, as the English "wine" itself
hanar
noun. brother
A word for “brother” coined by Tolkien in notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, based on the root √KHAN of the same meaning and replacing the archaic form of the word †hawn (VT47/14). Remnants of this archaic form can be seem in the diminutive/affectionate form honeg “[little] brother” (VT48/6); Tolkien considered and apparently rejected alternates of the diminutive: honig and hanig (VT47/14; VT48/17).
Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. tôr “brother” from the root ᴹ√TOR (Ety/TOR), and the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. hethos “brother” from the early root ᴱ√HESE [HEÞE] (GL/48-49; QL/40). See those entries for discussion.
ion(n)
noun. son, son, *boy
The usual word for “son” in Sindarin, derived from the root √YON of similar meaning (MR/373; SD/129; VT50/18; Ety/YŌ). Tolkien gave it as both ion and ionn.
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s the word for “son” was G. bo or bon (GL/23). This became ᴱN. gó “son” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/144). Tolkien introduced N. ionn “son” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√YO(N) of the same meaning (Ety/YŌ), and seems to have stuck with it thereafter.
Neo-Sindarin: In later writings, Tolkien sometimes glossed its Quenya equivalents yondo or yonyo as “boy” (PE17/190; VT47/10, 27). Since we don’t have any good Sindarin words for “boy”, I’d use ionn for this purpose as well.
mad-
verb. to eat
The verb for “to eat” derived from the root √MAT of the same meaning (PE17/131; Ety/MAT). In Tolkien’s later writing it appears only in inflected forms, but the verb itself is well established, dating back all the way to G. mad- in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/56). This verb was one Tolkien often used in examples of verb conjugations and as such its inflected forms changed considerably over time, but that is more a topic of the evolution of the Sindarin verb system.
mellon
noun. friend
_ n. _friend. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'.
methed
noun. end
This word is attested in later writings as an element in the names Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” and possibly Methedras “Last Peak” (of the Misty Mountains). The latter name first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s as N. Methen Amon and Methendol (TI/404), making it likely that methed is a revision from the earlier adjective N. methen (Ety/MET).
This new form likely changed from an adjective to a noun, since -ed/-ad is usually a gerundal suffix in Sindarin (forming nouns from verbs). This word is clearly a noun in the name Methed-en-Glad, and could also be a noun in Methedras (= “Peak of the End?”).
mîr
a treasure
pedo
verb. imp
v. imp. of ped- say. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. >> ped-
pîn
adjective. little
Similar words occur in Gnomish (pinig "tiny, little", PE/11:64) and in Qenya (pinea "small" etc., PE/12:73)
rîdh
noun. sown field, sown field, [N.] acre
A noun for a “sown field” in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) derived from primitive ✶reddā (PE19/91). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. rîð “‘sown’, sown field, acre” also from primitive ᴹ✶reddā under the root ᴹ√RED “scatter, sow” (Ety/RED; EtyAC/RED). The form N. rîð did not appear in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (LR/383), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne noted its existence in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/11).
Conceptual Development: There were several other “field” words in Tolkien’s earlier writings. G. garw “sown-field” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, also functioning as an adjective meaning “tilled” (GL/38). ᴱN. gwas “field” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/146).
Mîr in Geleidh
noun. Mîr in Geleidh
jewel of [the] Noldor; mîr (“jewel, precious thing”) + in (pl. genitive article) + Geleidh (pl. of (n-)Golodh “Noldor”) #In TA S would probably be Mîr in Gelydh.
míria-
verb. to shine like a mîr or jewel
_v. _to shine like a mîr or jewel, to sparkle like jewels. Fmîr, míriel
mîr
noun. jewel
_ n. _jewel, precious thing. Q. míre, pl1. míri. >> advir
im
preposition. between
Nen Hithoel
Nen Hithoel
Nen Hithoel is a Sindarin name, translated by Tolkien as "Mist-cool Water" in his unfinished index of the Lord of the Rings. The elements are nen = "water", hîth = "mist" and oel "cool" (not otherwise attested). Note that the (Noldorin) word oel appeared in the earlier Etymologies of the 1930s with the meaning "pool, lake", but this word had changed to (Sindarin) ael by the time that the Lord of the Rings was written, and therefore could not have been an element of the name Nen Hithoel. Compare, for example, Aelin-uial with its earlier form Oelin-uial.
barad
tower
1) barad (fortress, fort) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations. 2) (tower or city with citadel/central watchtower) minas (i vinas), pl. minais (i minais), coll. pl. minassath
beleg
great
beleg (mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig
beleg
great
(mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig
canath
fourth part
(i ganath, o chanath) (farthing), pl. cenaith (i chenaith). As coin, the fourth part of the more valuable coin called mirian. (PM:45)
canath
farthing
canath (i ganath, o chanath) (fourth part), pl. cenaith (i chenaith). As coin, the fourth part of a mirian. (PM:45)
canath
farthing
(i ganath, o chanath) (fourth part), pl. cenaith (i chenaith). As coin, the fourth part of a mirian. (PM:45)
doll
dark
doll (dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
doll
dark
(dusky, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
doll
dusky
doll (dark, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
doll
dusky
(dark, misty, obscure), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
enedh
center
1) enedh (core, middle), pl. enidh, 2) nest (heart, core), pl. nist
enedh
center
(core, middle), pl. enidh
enedh
core
1) enedh (middle, center), pl. enidh, 2) nest (heart, center), pl. nist
enedh
core
(middle, center), pl. enidh
erui
single
erui (first, alone). No distinct pl. form. 3) minai (distinct, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini
erui
single
(first, alone). No distinct pl. form. 3) minai (distinct, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini**
galadhremmen
tree-tangled
(pl. galadhremmin) (word used to describe the woodlands of Middle-earth)
hethu
obscure
_(adjective) _1) *hethu (foggy, vague), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH). 2) doll (dark, dusky, misty), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
hethu
obscure
(foggy, vague), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH). 2) doll (dark, dusky, misty), lenited noll, pl. dyll. Note: In ”Noldorin”, this word appeared as dolt as well as doll, but the latter seems the best form in S.
hithui
foggy
1) hithui (misty), lenited chithui; no distinct pl. form. 2) *hethu (obscure, vague), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH).
hithui
foggy
(misty), lenited chithui; no distinct pl. form.
honeg
little brother
(i choneg, o choneg), pl. honig (i chonig), also used as a play-name for the middle finger. (VT47:6, 16-17) 2) In older sources Tolkien listed different ”Noldorin” words for ”brother”: muindor (i vuindor), analogical pl. muindyr (i muindyr). Archaic/poetic †tôr (i** dôr, o thôr, construct tor), pl. teryn (i** theryn), coll. pl. toronath. In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was terein. 3) “Brother” in extended sense of “relative”: gwanur (i ’wanur) (kinsman, also kinswoman), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.
hîth
fog
1) hîth (i chîth) (mist), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i chîth), 2) *hithu (i chithu), analogical pl. hithy (i chithy). Cited in archaic form hithw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH), so the coll. pl. is likely hithwath.
hîth
fog
(i chîth) (mist), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i chîth)
hûn
heart
1) (physical heart) hûn (i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin), 2) (inner mind) gûr (i **ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11). 3) ind (inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath. 4) nest (core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû**- apparently meaning ”heart”..
im
between
(prep.) im (within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”I” and a noun mening ”dell, deep vale”. The word mîn (min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)
ind
heart
(inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
leber
finger
leber (pl. lebir) (VT47:10, 23, 24; VT48:5). This may replace ”Noldorin” lhebed, which we would otherwise update to Sindarin as lebed. For names of specific fingers, see INDEX FINGER, LITTLE FINGER, MIDDLE FINGER, RING FINGER, THUMB.
maer
good
_(”useful” of things _ not of moral qualities) maer (lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.
maer
good
(lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.
dear
mail (lenited vail, pl. mîl), also mell (lenited vell; pl. mill), also muin (lenited vuin; no distinct pl. form)
dear
(lenited vail, pl. mîl), also mell (lenited vell; pl. mill), also muin (lenited vuin; no distinct pl. form)
main
chief
(adj.) main (lenited vain; pl. mîn) (prime, prominent) (VT45:15)
main
chief
(lenited vain; pl. mîn) (prime, prominent) (VT45:15)
medui
last
(adjective) 1) medui (lenited vedui; no distinct pl. form), 2) meth (lenited veth, pl. mith). Note: the word is also used as a noun ”end”.
melch
greedy
melch (lenited velch, pl. milch)
melch
greedy
(lenited velch, pl. milch)
ment
point
(at the end of a thing) ment (i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath.
ment
point
(i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath**. **
mesc
wet
1) mesc (lenited vesc, pl. misc). Also spelt mesg. 2) limp (no distinct pl. form). 3)
mesc
wet
(lenited vesc, pl. misc). Also spelt mesg.
meth
end
(noun) 1) meth (i veth), pl. mith (i mith). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”last”. 2) (rear, hindmost part) tele (i dele, o thele), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES). 3) ( maybe primarily ”last point in line; last of a series of items”) #methed (i vethed), pl. methid (i methid). Isolated from the name Methedras, the last in a line of mountain peaks.
meth
end
(i veth), pl. mith (i mith). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”last”.
meth
last
(lenited veth, pl. mith). Note: the word is also used as a noun ”end”.
mîdh
dew
1) mîdh (i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh), 2) ross (construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.
mîdh
dew
(i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh)
mîr
treasure
mîr (i vîr, construct mir) (precious thing, jewel), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath.
mîr
treasure
(i vîr, construct mir) (precious thing, jewel), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath.
mîr
jewel
mîr (i vîr, construct mir) (precious thing, treasure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath. GREAT JEWEL (Silmaril) Mirion (i Virion), pl. Míryn (i Míryn). (LR:373 s.v. MIR lists the archaic ”Noldorin” plural Miruin.)
mîr
jewel
(i vîr, construct mir) (precious thing, treasure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath.
mîr
precious thing
mîr (i vîr, construct mir) (treasure, jewel), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath.
mîr
precious thing
mîr (i vîr, construct mir) (treasure, jewel), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath.
mîr
precious thing
(i vîr, construct mir) (treasure, jewel), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath.
ne
in, inside
(prefix) (mid-)
ne
in, inside
ne- (prefix) (mid-)
o
of
(od), followed by hard mutation. With article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by ”mixed” mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366). Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning”.
remmen
tangled
remmen (woven, netted), pl. #remmin attested (as part of the phrase galadhremmin ennorath, LotR Appendix E): TREE-TANGLED *galadhremmen (pl. galadhremmin) (word used to describe the woodlands of Middle-earth)
remmen
tangled
(woven, netted), pl. #remmin attested (as part of the phrase galadhremmin ennorath, LotR Appendix E):
rhûd
artificial cave
(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*
taur
vast
taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
vast
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
masterful
taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
masterful
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
uial
twilight
1) uial (pl. uiail if there is a pl.). This can be specified as: 1) (morning twilight) minuial (i vinuial) (dawn, morrowdim), pl. minuiail (i minuiail). 2) (second twilight, before nightfall) aduial (evendim, the time of evening when the stars come out), pl. aduiail. Other terms for twilight: 1) tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl. 2) muil (i vuil) (dreariness, shadow, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)
Míriel
jewel-like
míriel (lenited víriel, pl. míril) (sparkling like a jewel)
Míriel
sparkling like a jewel
míriel (lenited víriel, pl. míril) (jewel-like)
aeg
horn
(point, thorn). No distinct pl. form. (but aeglir can be used for a range of mountain peaks). Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) mîn (i vîn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîn), coll. pl. míniath. Note: homophones include the numeral ”one” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 3) egnas (sharp point; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassath.
ereb
isolated
1) ereb (lonely), pl. erib, 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (first, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the numeral ”one”.
men
we
men (accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).
men
we
(accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).
mên
way
1) mên (i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (road), pl. mîn (i mîn), 2) lend (journey), pl. lind, coll. pl. lennath. Note: a homophone means ”tuneful, sweet”, 3) #pâd (construct pad), i bâd, pl. paid (i phaid). Isolated from Tharbad ”Crossroad”. 4) tê (i dê, o thê) (line), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath.
mên
way
(i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (road), pl. mîn (i mîn)
mên
road
mên (i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (way), pl. mîn (i mîn). Cf. also:
mên
road
(i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (way), pl. mîn (i mîn). Cf. also:
mín
us
mín, presumably usually lenited vín (which is also the genitive ”our”); see WE.
míriel
jewel-like
(lenited víriel, pl. míril) (sparkling like a jewel)
míriel
sparkling like a jewel
(lenited víriel, pl. míril) (jewel-like)
mîl
love
mîl (i vîl) (affection, kindness), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîl), coll. pl. míliath
mîl
love
(i vîl) (affection, kindness), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîl), coll. pl. míliath
mîl
affection
1) (= love, kindness) mîl (i vîl) , no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîl), coll. pl. míliath. 2) (= affection or umlaut of vowels) prestanneth (i brestanneth, o phrestanneth), pl. prestennith (i phrestennith)
mîl
affection
(i vîl) , no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîl), coll. pl. míliath.
mîl
kindness
mîl (i vîl) (affection, kindness), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîl), coll. pl. míliath
mîl
kindness
(i vîl) (affection, kindness), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîl), coll. pl. míliath
mîn
towering
mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, first). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the numeral ”one”.
mîw
small
1) mîw (tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form, 2) niben (petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6) 3) SMALL (and frail) nimp, no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)
mîw
frail
mîw (tiny, small), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form.
tithen
tiny
1) tithen (lenited dithen, pl. tithin) (little), 2) mîw (small, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form; 3) pigen (lenited bigen; pl. pigin)
hawn
noun. brother
hithren
adjective. grey
megr
adjective. sharp-pointed
mein
ordinal. first
mel-
verb. to love
mellon
noun. friend
men
pronoun. us
mín
pronoun. our
per-
prefix. half
mîg
preposition. among
blîw
noun. oil
hithu
noun. fog
mair
adjective. precious
muig
noun. cat
mítha-
verb. to kiss
mîn
noun. motion
mîn
preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)
cil-
verb. choose
-d
suffix. you
2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dh
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dh
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd sg. pron. suff. #you. Q. -tar.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dhir
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd pl. pron. suff. #you. Q. -ltar.See paradigm PE17:132.
-enc
suffix. our
_1st pl. poss. suff. _our.Maybe the incl. form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46.
-il
point
-m
suffix. we
1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -mmo.See paradigm PE17:132.
-main
suffix. our
-men
suffix. our
-nc
suffix. we
1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -lmo.See paradigm PE17:132. >> -ngid
Menel
noun. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars
Menel
noun. the heavens
_n. _the heavens, the apparent dome of the sky. Probably a Quenya word introduced into Sindarin. It was a 'pictorial' word, as the lore of the Eldar and the Númenoreans know much astronomy.
Míriel
noun. sparkling like a jewel
Mîthrim
noun. translated Sindar in Quenya
_pl2. n. _translated _Sindar _in Quenya.
Teler
noun. an Elf, one of the Teleri
aeg
noun. point
The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir , so there must be a noun aeg "point"
ammen
pronoun. of us, for us, toward us
amon
noun. hill, steep-sided mount
amon
hill
pl1. emyn n. hill, lump, clump, mass, often applied to (esp. isolated) mountains. Q. umbo(n). FAmon Amarth
andrann
noun. cycle, age (100 Valian Years)
Helge Fauskanger noted that the element and "long" would normally be preserved before r-, but the -d is lost because there is another d in the word (VT/41:9); however, this second d later disappeared in the change from -nd to -nn, and it is unclear whether or not an- would then revert to and-
aníra-
verb. to desire
avgaro
prefix. imp
pref. & v. imp. do not do it!
bain
adjective. beautiful, fair
bain
beautiful
_ adj. _beautiful. Q. vanya.
bain
good
_ adj. _good, wholesome, blessed, fair (esp. of weather). . This gloss was rejected.
balan
noun. Vala, divine power, divinity
barad
noun. tower, fortress
barad
tower
1b n. tower.
barad
tower
1c n. tower. Q. marto.
beleg
adjective. large
adj. large, great. Q. melek-.
beleg
adjective. large
adj. large, great, big. . This gloss was rejected.
bereth
noun. queen, spouse
brann
towering
_ adj. _towering, tall and massive. >> brand
calben
noun. Elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person")
calben
noun. all Elves but the Avari
calen
adjective. green
can
card
canad
cardinal. four
canad
cardinal. four
canad
card
celeb
noun. silver
celeb
silver
celeb
noun. silver
cened
ordinal. four
cidinn
adjective. small
_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.
cidinn
?. [unglossed]
cinnog
adjective. small
_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.
cinnog
?. [unglossed]
cuio
verb. imp
v. imp. live. Cuio i Pheriain anann 'May the Halflings live long'.
daer
adjective. great
de
pronoun. you
dúath
adjective. dark
_ adj. _dark, black shadow.
dúnedhel
noun. Elf of the West, Elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar)
dûr
adjective. dark, sombre
dûr
dark
_ adj. _dark, gloomy, 'hellish'.
edhel
noun. Elf
edhel
noun. Elf
_ n. _Elf, a general name for all the Elves (since the name Quendi had gone out of use in Sindarin). Probably related to or connected with Q. Elda. >> edhellen
edhel
Elf
pl1. edhil, pl2. edhellim {ð} _n. _Elf. A name used by the Sindar for themselves, characterizing other varieties by an adjective or prefix. >> Aredhel, Thinnedhel
edhel
Elf
{ð} _n. _Elf.
edhel
Elf
d _ n. _Elf. Q. elda.
edhelharn
noun. elf-stone
edro
verb. imp
v. imp. of edra-open. annon edhellen edro hi ammen! 'Elvish gate open now for us'. >> edra-
egladhrim
noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim
eglath
noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim
eglerio
verb. imp
v. imp. glorify.
ell
noun. elf
n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form.
elleth
noun. elf-maid
ellon
noun. elf
elvellon
noun. elf-friend
ened
noun. centre
eneg
card
_ card. _six. Q. enque, enc-. >> odog
er
adjective. single
ereb
adjective. isolated, lonely
galadhrim
noun. Elves of Lothlórien
gelir
noun. merry, happy, gay person
gelir
masculine name. Merry
Sindarin translation of the name of Sam’s son Merry, appearing in Tolkien’s unpublished epilogue to The Lord of the Rings and in the King’s Letter (SD/126, 129). Most likely this name is an elaboration of [N.] gell “joy”.
Conceptual Development: In drafts of the epilogue, this name was initially (rejected) Riben (SD/117).
glinnel
noun. Elf, one of the Teleri
golodh
noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk
golodhrim
noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes
groth
noun. cave, tunnel, large excavation
groth
noun. delving, underground dwelling
gódhel
noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk
gódhellim
noun. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk
gûl
noun. knowledge
n. knowledge, deep knowledge not 'occult' in modern sense, but applied to the deper knowledge of the 'wise' or skilled persons, not kept secret (as [?among the] Elves) but not attainable by all. Q. ñōle, B.S. gûl phantom, shadow of dark magic, necromancer, slave, servant?. The B.S. word gûl was prob. derived from ngōl-.
gûr
noun. heart (in the moral sense), counsel
hanar
noun. brother
hawn
noun. brother
heledh
noun. glass
heledh
noun. glass
hethu
adjective. foggy, obscure, vague
hithren
adjective. grey
_ adj. _grey. >> thind
hithu
noun. fog
hithui
noun/adjective. the month of november
honeg
noun. "litte brother"
Given as honig in VT/47:14, but see VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion
iathrim
noun. Elves of Doriath
iaun
adjective. large
adj. large, extensive, wide, vast, huge. Q. yāna-. >> -ion
iavas
noun. autumn, autumn, *harvest (time)
imp
cardinal. twelve
imp
cardinal. twelve
_ card. _twelve. Q. yunque. imp << iug. >> imp. This gloss was rejected.
inib
cardinal. twelve
ion
noun. son
For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
ion
noun. scion, male descendant
For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
iond
noun. son
For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
iond
noun. scion, male descendant
For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
ionnath
noun. all the sons
iôn
noun. son
iôn
masculine name. Son
lachend
noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)
lachenn
noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)
laeb
adjective. green
_ adj. _green. A theoretical equivalent to Q. laiqua but that did not exist in Sindarin.
laeg
green
_ adj. _green. >> Legolas
laeg
adjective. green
_ adj. _green (of leaves, herbage). Q. laika.
laegel
noun. a Green Elf
laegeldrim
noun. the people of the Green Elves
laegrim
noun. the people of the Green Elves
laer
noun. summer
lain
adjective. free, freed
lain
noun. thread
lalaith
noun. laughter
lalaith
feminine name. Laughter
Name of Túrin’s deceased sister, translated “Laughter” (S/198). It is apparently the noun lalaith used as a name.
Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion revisions from the late 1950s, her name was changed to Lalaeth (MR/374), but that was not the name Christopher Tolkien used in the published Silmarillion.
lalaith
noun. laughter
lasto
imp
v. imp. of lasta-give ear, listen. fennas nogothrim lasto beth lammen 'doorway of the Dwarf-folk listen to the words of my tongue'. >> lasta-
lebed
noun. finger
Tolkien later seems to have replaced this form by leber
leben
card
_ card. _five. Q. lepen, lempe. >> eneg
lebent
noun. ring finger
leber
noun. finger
lebig
noun. little finger
lhind
adjective. fine, slender
lhê
noun. fine thread, spider filament
limp
adjective. wet
loen
adjective. soaking wet, swamped
ma
adjective. good
_ adj. _good. Archaic and obsolete except as interjection 'good, excellent, that's right'.
madu
?. [unglossed]
maen
noun. a treasure
_ n. _a treasure. Q. _maina _a thing of excellence, a treasure (O.E. máþum).
maer
good
_ adj. _good.
maer
good
adj. good, proper, excellent. Q. mára good, proper, Q. maira excellent. >> mae-. This gloss was rejected.
maud
?. [unglossed]
medui
adjective. end
adj. end, final, last. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'. m > v after preposition.
medui
adjective. last
mell
adjective. dear
_ adj. _dear, beloved. Q. melda.
mellon
noun. friend
men
pronoun. us
men
noun. way, road
meth
adjective. last, last; [N.] end
methed
noun. end
mornedhel
noun. Dark-Elf
moth
noun. dusk
mín
pronoun. us
mín
adjective. our
mîdh
noun. dew
dew
mîn
fraction. one (first of a series)
mîr
noun. jewel, precious thing, treasure
mîth
mîth
nalla-
verb. to cry
ned
preposition. (uncertain meaning) in, of (about time, e.g. giving a date)
[Another possible interpretation: "another, one more" (related to Q. net(e)), VT/47:40]
neder
card
nel
card
_ card. _three. Q. nelde. Fcan, canad, neledh
niben
adjective. small, petty
niben
adjective. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
niged
noun. little finger
nimp
adjective. small and frail
nimp
adjective. pale
adj. pale, pallid. nimp << nim (PE17:168). >> niphred
nobad
noun. the pair of fingers composed of the thumb and the index (grouped together as in the act of picking something)
nîn
adjective. wet, watery
nîn
wet
_ adj. _wet. Q. nenya. >> Nindalf
o
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
o
preposition. from
_ prep. _from, of. In older S. o had the form od before vowels. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'.
o
preposition. from
_ prep. _from. . This gloss was rejected.
od
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
odog
card
_ card. _seven. Q. otos. >> tolod
othlonn
noun. paved way
peleth
noun. waning, waning, *fading
pen
pronoun. one, somebody, anybody
Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2
pâd
noun. way
pîn
adjective. little
raud
noun. metal
raud
noun. metal
renia-
verb. to stray
rhaw
noun. flesh, body
rond
noun. cave roof
rond
noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed
roth
noun. cave
n. cave. Q. rondo.
rían
noun. queen, queen, *(lit.) crowned-lady
rî
noun. crown, wreath, garland
rîdh
noun. sown field
sown field, tilled ground
rîs
noun. queen
tad
card
_ card. _two. Q. atta. Fnel, neledh
tad
card
card. two. . This gloss was rejected.
taw
adverb. thither
tawarwaith
noun. Silvan elves
telerrim
noun. the Teleri, a tribe of Elves
tharbad
noun. cross-way
thin
adjective. grey
thind
adjective. grey, pale
thind
adjective. grey
thind
adjective. grey
_ adj. _grey. Obsolete except in names as Thingol. >> hithren
thind
adjective. grey, grey, [N.] pale
if from þindā, why no a-affection? @@@
thinn
adjective. grey
thinn
adjective. grey
_adj. _grey. Q. sinde.
thinn
adjective. grey
til
point
tol
noun. island, (steep) isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river
tolod
card
_ card. _eight. Q. tolto. >> neder
tíro
verb. imp
uial
noun. twilight
uial
noun. twilight
_ n. _twilight. Q. úyale, yúyal.
vi
preposition. in
vi
preposition. in
yneb
cardinal. twelve
yneg
cardinal. twelve
ídha
long for
ídhra
long for
ódhel
noun. Deep Elf or Gnome, one of the Wise Folk
ódhellim
noun. Deep Elves or Gnomes, the Wise Folk
ýneg
cardinal. twelve
ýneg
cardinal. twelve
#dae
great
#dae (lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".
ad
again
(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "back, second, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".
ad
again
also meaning "back, second, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".
adleitha
free
(i adleitha, in adleithar), also †adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).
aeg
point
1) aeg (peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) naith (spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form. 3) nass (sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais. 4)
aeg
point
(peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing".
aew
small bird
. No distinct pl. form.
aglar
glitter
aglar (brilliance, glory), pl. eglair if there is a pl.
aglar
glitter
(brilliance, glory), pl. eglair if there is a pl.
ammen
for us, to us, of us
amon
hill
1) amon (pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount), 2) dôl (i dhôl, construct dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i nôl, pl. i ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n if the former derivation had been maintained). 3) tund (i dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.
amon
hill
(pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount)
andrann
cycle
andrann (age), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand.
andrann
cycle
(age), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand. ****
aníra
desire
(vb.) aníra- (i aníra, in anírar);
aníra
desire
(i aníra, in anírar);
aur
morning
aur (day), pl. oer;
aur
morning
(day), pl. oer;
bain
beautiful
bain (fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
bain
beautiful
(fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
barad
tower
(fortress, fort) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations.
bereth
queen
(i vereth) (spouse), pl. berith (i mberith)
brand
fine
1) brand (high, lofty, noble), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 2) trîw (lenited drîw; no distinct pl. form) (slender) , 3) *lhind (slender), lenited ?thlind or ?lind (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Sugggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlind.
brand
fine
(high, lofty, noble), lenited vrand, pl. braind
brona
last
(verb) 1) brona- (survive) (i vrona, i mronar), 2) dartha- (i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, endure) (VT45:8)
brona
last
(survive) (i vrona, i mronar)
bâl
divine power
construct bal, pl. bail (divinity). Note: the word can also be used as an adj. "divine".
calen
green
1) (etymologically "bright") calen (lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath **Gelin, "Green Ridges"). 2) laeg (fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas** ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).
calen
green
(lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath Gelin, "Green Ridges").
canab
cardinal. fourteen
canad
cardinal. four
canad;
canad
four
;
cannui
fourth
. The reading in VT42:25 is "canthui", but the phonology presupposed in LotR would require ✱cannui. David Salo regards "canthui" as a dialectal form.
celeb
silver
1) (noun) celeb (i geleb, o cheleb), pl. celib (i chelib) if there is a pl. form. 2) (adj., "of/like silver") celebren (lenited gelebren, pl. celebrin; also celebrin- as first element of compounds, as in Celebrindal). Also celefn (lenited gelefn, pl. celifn). As for ”silver” as adjective, see also SHINING WHITE. Adj.
cîl
pass between hills
(i gîl, o chîl) (cleft, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. . A homophone means ”renewal”.
dae
great
(lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".
daer
large
daer (great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.
daer
large
(great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.
daer
great
daer (large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.
daer
great
(large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.
dannas
autumn
(noun) dannas (i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais), also dant (i dhant) (fall, falling), pl. daint (i naint). (PM:135)
dannas
autumn
(i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais), also dant (i dhant) (fall, falling), pl. daint (i naint). (PM:135)
dartha
last
(i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, endure) (VT45:8)
duin
large river
(i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin), coll. pl. duinath (Names:179, PM:54)
dî
in
unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
dôl
hill
(i** dhôl, construct **dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i** nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i** nôl, pl. i** ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n** if the former derivation had been maintained).
dúath
dark shadow
(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith);
dû
dusk
(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).
dûr
dark
dûr (sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir
dûr
dark
(sombre), lenited dhûr, pl. duir
ecthel
spear point
(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point”
eden
begun again
(new), pl. edin
edhel
elf
edhel (pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). _(WJ:363, 377-78; _the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > Elrim_ _may also occur). But since elin also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.
elu
pale blue
(analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?).
er
single
1) er (pl. ir) (VT48:6), 2)
er
single
(pl. ir) (VT48:6)
ereb
isolated
(lonely), pl. erib
eredh
seed
eredh (germ), pl. eridh
eredh
seed
(germ), pl. eridh
eru
the one
isolated from
erui
first
(single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.
fela
cave
(pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.
gael
pale
(glittering), lenited ’ael; no distinct pl. form.
galvorn
copper, gold, iron, silver
(i** ’alvorn, pl. gelvyrn [in ngelvyrn*] if there is a pl.), a black metal made by the Dark Elf Eöl. (WJ:322)*
gelir
merry
(attested as the S equivalent of the name Merry) gelir (lenited elir; no distinct pl. form).
gelir
merry
(lenited ’elir; no distinct pl. form).
glâd
small forest
(i ’lâd, construct glad) (wood), pl. glaid (in glaid).
golovir
noldo-jewel
(i Ngolovir = i Ñolovir, o N’golovir = o Ñgolovir), no distinct pl. form except with article (in Golovir = i Ñgolovir). Adj.
graurim
dark people
(VT45:16);
graw
dark
graw (swart), lenited raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)
graw
dark
(swart), lenited ’raw, pl. groe. (VT45:16)
groth
cave
(i ’roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12)
grôd
cave
1) grôd (i **rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414), 2) groth (i **roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12), 3) rond (construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath, 4) roth (delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i **athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd), 5) fela (pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela** as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.
grôd
cave
(i ’rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)
guldur
dark sorcery
(i nguldur = i ñuldur), pl. gyldyr (in gyldyr = i ñgyldyr)
gwador
sworn brother
(i ’wador), pl. gwedyr (in gwedyr). In ”N”, the pl. was gwedeir (LR:394 s.v. TOR)
gwathra
obscure
(verb) gwathra- (i **wathra, in gwathrar**) (dim, veil, overshadow
gwathra
obscure
(i ’wathra, in gwathrar) (dim, veil, overshadow
gwind
pale blue
(lenited ’wind; no distinct pl. form).
gûr
heart
(i ’ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11).
hanar
brother
1) hanar (i chanar, o chanar), pl. henair (i chenair) (VT47:14). A more archaic term is *haun (spelt ”hawn” in source) (i chaun, o chaun), pl. hoen (i choen), coll. pl. honath.
hanar
brother
(i chanar, o chanar), pl. henair (i chenair) (VT47:14). A more archaic term is ✱haun (spelt ”hawn” in source) (i chaun, o chaun), pl. hoen (i choen), coll. pl. honath.
heledh
glass
heledh (i cheledh, o cheledh), pl. helidh (i chelidh) if there is a pl.
heledh
glass
(i cheledh, o cheledh), pl. helidh (i chelidh) if there is a pl.
hethu
foggy
(obscure, vague), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH).
hithu
fog
(i chithu), analogical pl. hithy (i chithy). Cited in archaic form hithw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH), so the coll. pl. is likely hithwath.
hithui
november
Hithui
hûb
small landlocked bay
(i chûb, o chûb, construct hub) (harbour, haven), pl. huib (i chuib).
hûn
heart
(i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin)
iavas
autumn
1) iavas, pl. iavais, coll. pl. iavassath; 2)
iavas
autumn
pl. iavais, coll. pl. iavassath
im
between
(within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”
imrath
valley
(pl. imraith)
iond
wj
pl. ynd, coll. pl. ionnath.
ist
knowledge
ist (lore); no distinct pl. form.
ist
knowledge
(lore); no distinct pl. form.
ista
have knowledge
(i ista, in istar), pa.t. sint or istas (VT45:18).
iôn
son
iôn (-ion) (descendant), pl. ŷn, coll. pl. #ionath_ isolated from Hurinionath (PM:202-3) as the name of the House of Húrin. (MR:373, WJ.337, PM:202-203, 218) _Also iond, pl. ynd, coll. pl. ionnath. DARK SON, see DARK ELF
iôn
son
(-ion) (descendant), pl. ŷn, coll. pl. #*ionath*** isolated from Hurinionath* (PM:202-3) as the name of the House of Húrin. (MR:373*
l
autumn
asbelin (”leaf-withering”), no distinct pl. form. Coll. pl. l**asbeliniath**.
laeg
green
(fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).
laer
summer
laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”song”.
laer
summer
(no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”song”.
lain
thread
(noun) lain; no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone is the adjective ”free, freed”.
lain
thread
; no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone is the adjective ”free, freed”.
lalaith
laughter
lalaith; no distinct pl. form..
lalaith
laughter
; no distinct pl. form..
lanc
sudden end
(sharp edge, sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath.
lasbelin
autumn
lasbelin (”leaf-withering”), no distinct pl. form. Coll. pl. lasbeliniath.
lasgalen
leaf-green
(pl. lesgelin).
leitha
set free
(i leitha, i leithar)
lend
way
(journey), pl. lind, coll. pl. lennath. Note: a homophone means ”tuneful, sweet”
lhind
fine
(slender), lenited ?thlind or ?lind (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Sugggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlind.
lhind
adjective. fine, slender
lhê
fine thread
(?i thlê or ?i lê – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (spider filament), pl. lhî (?i lî). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlê.
lim
sparkling
(adj.) lim (clear, light), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.
lim
sparkling
(clear, light), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.
limp
adjective. wet
limp
wet
(no distinct pl. form).
loen
soaking wet
(swamped), no distinct pl. form.
mae
soft
mae (lenited vae; no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” moe. Note: a homophone is the adverb mae = ”well”.
mae
soft
(lenited vae; no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” moe. Note: a homophone is the adverb mae = ”well”.
maidh
pale
1) maidh (lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn), 2) nimp (nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form, 3) thind (grey); no distinct pl. form; 4) gael (glittering), lenited ael; no distinct pl. form. 5) *malu (lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).
maidh
pale
(lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn)
malu
pale
(lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).
manadh
final end
(i vanadh) (fate, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh).
mang
noun. butter
mas
adverb. where
medui
last
(lenited vedui; no distinct pl. form)
megor
sharp-pointed
*megor (lenited vegor, analogical pl. megyr); cited in archaic form megr (WJ:337)
mela
love
(vb.) mela- (i vela, i melar), pa.t. melant (VT45:34)
mela
love
(i vela, i melar), pa.t. melant (VT45:34)
meldis
friend
(i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.
meleth
love
(noun) meleth (i veleth), pl. melith (i melith)
meleth
love
(i veleth), pl. melith (i melith)
mellon
friend
1) (masc.) mellon (i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath. 2) (fem.) meldis (i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.
mellon
friend
(i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath.
menel
heaven
(i venel), pl. menil (i menil)
methed
end
(i vethed), pl. methid (i methid). Isolated from the name Methedras, the last in a line of mountain peaks.
methen
end
(adj.) methen (lenited vethen; pl. methin) (VT45:34)
methen
end
(lenited vethen; pl. methin) (VT45:34)
morn
dark
morn (black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)
morn
dark
(black), pl. myrn, lenited vorn. Note: the latter word is also used as a noun ”darkness, night”. (Letters:386)
moth
dusk
1) moth (i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read *môth with a long vowel. 2) dû (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).
moth
dusk
(i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read ✱môth with a long vowel.
muil
twilight
(i vuil) (dreariness, shadow, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)
mín
us
presumably usually lenited vín (which is also the genitive ”our”); see
mîn
first
(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”
mîn
isolated
(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (first, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the numeral ”one”.
mîn
towering
(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, first). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the numeral ”one”.
mîw
small
(tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form
mîw
frail
(tiny, small), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form.
mîw
tiny
(small, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form
môr
dark
môr (black), lenited vôr, pl. mŷr (Letters:382), also
môr
dark
(black), lenited vôr, pl. m**ŷr* (Letters:382)*, also
naith
point
(spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form.
nass
point
(sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.
nass
sharp end
(point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.
nasta
point
(verb) nasta- (i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)
nasta
point
(i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)
ne
in
ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129)
neleb
cardinal. thirteen
neledh
enter
(i neledh, i neledhir) (go in)
neledh
go in
neledh- (i neledh, i neledhir) (enter)
neledh
go in
(i neledh, i neledhir) (enter)
nest
center
(heart, core), pl. nist
nest
heart
(core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû- apparently meaning ”heart”..
nest
core
(heart, center), pl. nist
nestag
insert
nestag- (i nestag, in nestegir) (stick in), pa.t. nestanc
nestag
insert
(i nestag, in nestegir) (stick in), pa.t. nestanc
niben
small
(petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6)
nimp
small
no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)
nimp
pale
(nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form
nîd
wet
nîd (damp, tearful); no distinct pl. form. 4) nîn (watery); no distinct pl. form. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.
nîd
wet
(damp, tearful); no distinct pl. form. 4) nîn (watery); no distinct pl. form. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.
othronn
fortress in a cave/caves
(pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (underground stronghold). Cited in archaic form othrond in the source (WJ:414).
paegan
cardinal. fourteen
paenel
cardinal. thirteen
pant
noun. money
pen
cardinal. one
(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
pen
one
(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
pen
less
S pen (lenited ben) (without, lacking) (WJ:375) The phrase ben-adar ”without father, fatherless” is treated as an adjective and lenited following a noun (Iarwain ben-adar, Iarwain the Fatherless or Iarwain without father). Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”.
pen
less
(lenited ben) (without, lacking) (WJ:375) The phrase ben-adar ”without father, fatherless” is treated as an adjective and lenited following a noun (Iarwain ben-adar, Iarwain the Fatherless or Iarwain without father). Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”.
pennig
noun. coin
penninor
last day of the year
(i benninor, o phenninor), pl. penninoer (i phenninoer). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” penninar (LR:400 s.v. YEN).
per
half
(adj. prefix) per-.
per
half
.
peringol
half-elf
(i beringol, o pheringol), pl. peringyl (i pheringyl), coll. pl. ?peringollath
pethron
narrator
pethron (i bethron, o phethron), pl. pethryn (i phethryn), coll. pl. pethronnath
pethron
narrator
(i bethron, o phethron), pl. pethryn (i phethryn), coll. pl. pethronnath
pigen
tiny
(lenited bigen; pl. pigin)
prestanneth
affection
(i brestanneth, o phrestanneth), pl. prestennith (i phrestennith)
pâd
way
(construct pad), i bâd, pl. paid (i phaid). Isolated from Tharbad ”Crossroad”.
pêg
small spot
(i** bêg, construct peg) (dot), pl. pîg (i** phîg)
rafn
extended point at the side
(wing, horn), pl. raifn (idh raifn).
rain
free
rain (wandering, erratic). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”border” (VT46:10; suggested Sindarin form of ” Noldorin” rhain)
rand
noun. cycle
raun
straying
(wandering), pl. roen; also used as noun ”moon” (”the wanderer”). Noun
raun
straying
(adj.) raun (wandering), pl. roen; also used as noun ”moon” (”the wanderer”). Noun
renia
stray
(sail, wander, fly) (i renia, idh reniar). Adj.
rhaw
flesh
rhaw (?i thraw or ?i raw the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (body), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350)
rhaw
flesh
(?i thraw or ?i raw – *the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (body), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350)*
rond
cave
(construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath
ross
glitter
†ross (polished metal), pl. ryss (idh ryss). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”spray, foam, rain, dew”.
ross
glitter
(polished metal), pl. ryss (idh ryss). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”spray, foam, rain, dew”.
ross
polished metal
(glitter), pl. ryss (idh** ryss**). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”spray, foam, rain, dew”. For concrete metals, see
ross
dew
(construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.
roth
cave
(delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i ’athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd)
rían
queen
(”crown-gift”), pl. ríain (idh ríain)
ríen
queen
(crowned lady), pl. ?rîn (idh rîn). The adjective rîn ”crowned” may also be used as a noun ”crowned woman” = ”queen”, but with no distinct pl. form except when article precedes (idh rîn again); coll. pl. ríniath. Note: a homophone means ”remembrance”.
rî
crown
rî (construct ri) (wreath, garland), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rî)
rî
crown
(construct ri) (wreath, garland), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rî)
rîdh
sown field
rîdh (acre); no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (idh rîdh)
rîdh
sown field
rîdh (acre); no distinct pl. form except possinly with article (idh rîdh) (VT46:11)
rîs
queen
1) rîs, no distinct pl. except with article preceding (idh rîs); coll. pl. ?rissath; 2) rían (”crown-gift”), pl. ríain (idh ríain); 3) bereth (i vereth) (spouse), pl. berith (i mberith), 4) ríen (crowned lady), pl. ?rîn (idh rîn). The adjective rîn ”crowned” may also be used as a noun ”crowned woman” = ”queen”, but with no distinct pl. form except when article precedes (idh rîn again); coll. pl. ríniath. Note: a homophone means ”remembrance”.
rîs
noun. queen
rîs
queen
no distinct pl. except with article preceding (idh rîs); coll. pl. ?rissath
saerlin
noun. urine
sennui
instead
sennui (rather) (SD:128-31)
sennui
instead
(rather) (SD:128-31)
teilia
play
(verb) teilia- (i deilia, i theiliar), also telia- (i delia, i theliar)
teilia
play
(i deilia, i theiliar), also telia- (i delia, i theliar)
teilien
play
(noun) teilien (i deilien) (sport), pl. teilin (i theilin). The word also occurs in a form that has e rather than ei (telien).
teilien
play
(i deilien) (sport), pl. teilin (i theilin). The word also occurs in a form that has e rather than ei (telien).
tele
end
(i dele, o thele), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES).
tess
fine pierced hole
(i dess, construct tes), pl. tiss (i thiss). Older ters (VT46:18).
thela
spear point
(-thel), pl. ?thili, 3) aith; no distinct pl. form.
thind
grey
(pale); no distinct pl. form.
thind
pale
(grey); no distinct pl. form
till
sharp-pointed peak
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp horn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.
till
point
till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild. 5)
till
point
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild. 5)
tinc
metal
tinc (i dinc, o thinc), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thinc), coll. pl. tingath. The word rhaud “metal” occurring in the Etymologies would normally be ”updated” to Sindarin in the form raud, but since raud appears with different meanings in later sources (see
tinc
metal
(i** dinc, o thinc), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thinc), coll. pl. tingath. The word rhaud** “metal” occurring in the Etymologies would normally be ”updated” to Sindarin in the form raud, but since raud** appears with different meanings in later sources (see
tinnu
dusk
tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.
tinnu
dusk
(i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.
tinnu
twilight
(i** dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i** thynny) if there is a pl.
tinu
small star
(i** dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds) (spark), analogical pl. tiny (i** thiny). Archaic tinw, so the coll. pl. is likely tinwath.
tithen
little
1) tithen (lenited dithen, pl. tithin) (tiny), 2) pîn (lenited bîn; no distinct pl. form) (RC:536).
tithen
tiny
(lenited dithen, pl. tithin) (little)
toll
island
toll (i doll, o tholl, construct tol), pl. tyll (i thyll)
toll
island
(i doll, o tholl, construct tol), pl. tyll (i thyll)
trîw
fine
(lenited drîw; no distinct pl. form) (slender)
tund
hill
(i** dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i** thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.
tê
way
(i dê, o thê) (line), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath.
tû
physical strength
tû (i dû, o thû) (muscle; sinew; vigour), pl. tui (i thui), coll. pl. túath
tûr
power
tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, mastery, control; master, victor, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath.
tûr
power
(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, mastery, control; master, victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath.
tûr
mastery
tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath
tûr
mastery
(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath
uiveleth
hJrな$3F noun. eternal love, love that will last for ever
The prefix ‘ui-’ that means eternal plus lenited form of meleth (love) ‘veleth’.
vi
in
(prep.) 1) vi (VT44:23), with article vin; 2) ne, ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129); 3) dî, unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
vi
in
(VT44:23), with article vin
vín
our
vín; see WE
vín
our
; see
êr
one
whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)
îr
sexual desire
(VT46:23)
ýneg
cardinal. twelve
ýneg (VT47:41, VT48:6, 8, 12)
ýneg
twelve
(VT47:41, VT48:6, 8, 12)
ŷ
noun. wine
A neologism for “wine” coined by Hialmr appearing in VQP (VQP), based on ᴱQ. io “wine” (PE16/141).
n. >> mith, ril