_n. _right-hand, north. Q. for-. >> forn
Sindarin
for-
prefix. north
for
noun. right-hand
forn
adjective. north, north, [N.] right
An adjective for “north” based on the prefix for- (SA/formen; PE17/18). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it had the gloss “right or north” under the root ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” (Ety/PHOR).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of North-Sindarin I would use this adjective only for “north”, and for “right (hand)” I would use S. fuir; see that entry for discussion.
an
for
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
for
(adverbial prefix) an-
an
for
(+ nasal mutation), with article ’ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).
anann
adverb. (for) long
An adverb meaning “(for) long” in the phrase cuio i Pheriain anann “may the Halflings live long” (LotR/953; Let/448; PE17/102). It is a combination of an “for” with and “long”.
an
for the
(for) + i (the).
ni
for the
ni (to the). Apparently representing an (for) + i (the).
ni
to the, for the
ni. Apparently representing an (for) + i (the).
forod
noun. north
The Sindarin word for “north” derived from primitive ᴹ✶phoroti based on the root ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” (LotR/1123; PE17/18; Ety/PHOR). It was the “right-hand direction” since the Elves reckoned their directions while facing west, so that “north” was to the right (LotR/1123). It can also be used for “the North” as a region, but Sindarin would do so without a definite article: mi Forod “in [the] North” (PE23/133).
galadhrim
noun. Elves of Lothlórien
mithril
noun. true-silver, a silver-like metal
aníra-
verb. to desire
e
pronoun. he
The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes or the will of the King
edhelharn
noun. elf-stone
ellon
noun. elf
Teler
noun. an Elf, one of the Teleri
dúnedhel
noun. Elf of the West, Elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar)
elvellon
noun. elf-friend
firieth
noun. mortal woman
firion
noun. mortal man
fíreb
adjective. mortal
fíreb
adjective. mortal
An adjective meaning “mortal”, more literally “those apt to die”, a Sindarin adaptation of Q. fírima of the same meaning, both based on the root √PHIR having to do with natural death (WJ/387). It was also used as Fíreb to refer to Mortal Men, a variant of Feir of similar meaning. Tolkien said “Fíreb as compared with Fírima shows the use of a different suffix, since the S equivalent of Q -ima (✱-ef) was not current” (WJ/387).
gódhellim
noun. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk
iathrim
noun. Elves of Doriath
ir ithil ammen eruchín
*when the Moon, for us, the Children of God
The first phrase of Lúthien’s Song (LB/354). Three translations of this phrase are:
Patrick Wynne: “✱When the Moon, for us, the Children of Eru” (NTTLS/11)
David Salo: “✱The Moon, [having watched] for us, the Children of Eru” (GS/211)
Bertrand Bellet and Benjamin Babut: “✱When the Moon ... for us, Children of the One” (GTLC)
The first word ir is the most controversial in the poem. Wynne suggested that it might be a cognate of ᴹQ. íre “when” appearing in Fíriel’s Song from the 1930s (LR/72), but Salo suggested that it might be a variant form of the definite article i used before another i to avoid repetition (GS/211). In support of Salo, the form ir appeared as definite article in the Túrin Wrapper: ir Ellath “✱the Elves” (VT50/23), but elsewhere in the wrapper this was written in Ellath, and so ir there may only have been a slip. Furthermore, proper names like Ithil don’t generally need a definite article, as pointed out by Carl Hostetter (VT50/23, note #36). Absent further evidence, I am inclined to agree with Wynne in this case, but even this is quite speculative, since nearly two decades separate the poems.
The rest of the phrase is straightforward. The second word is Ithil “Moon”. The third word is ammen “for us”, the preposition an “for” assimilated to the pronoun men “us”. The last word is Eruchîn “Children of God”, appearing elsewhere as Eruhîn (Let/345, MR/330).
laegel
noun. a Green Elf
laegeldrim
noun. the people of the Green Elves
laegrim
noun. the people of the Green Elves
menel-vîr síla díriel
*heaven-jewel shines having watched [for us]
The second phrase of Lúthien’s Song (LB/354). Three translations of this phrase are:
Patrick Wynne: “✱a heavenly jewel shines silver, having watched” (NTTLS/11)
David Salo: “✱having watched ... shines like a jewel in the sky” (GS/211)
Bertrand Bellet and Benjamin Babut: “✱jewel of the firmament, shines on the watch [for us]” (GTLC)
The first word menel is the Sindarin word for “the heavens, firmament”. The second word vîr is the lenited form of mîr “jewel”. The third word síla “shines” is the present tense of the verb síla- “to shine”. The last word díriel “having watched” is the lenited form of tíriel, the past active participle form of the verb tiria- “to watch, gaze”.
miniel
noun. an Elf, one of the Vanyar
naergon
noun. woeful lament
sennas
noun. guesthouse
tawarwaith
noun. Silvan elves
telerrim
noun. the Teleri, a tribe of Elves
ódhellim
noun. Deep Elves or Gnomes, the Wise Folk
-d
suffix. you
2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dh
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dh
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd sg. pron. suff. #you. Q. -tar.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dhir
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd pl. pron. suff. #you. Q. -ltar.See paradigm PE17:132.
-en
suffix. my
-enc
suffix. our
_1st pl. poss. suff. _our.Maybe the incl. form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46.
-m
suffix. we
1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -mmo.See paradigm PE17:132.
-main
suffix. our
-men
suffix. our
-nc
suffix. we
1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -lmo.See paradigm PE17:132. >> -ngid
Eglarim
noun. a name used for the Noldor
pl2. n. a name used for the Noldor.
Eglir
noun. a name used for the Noldor
n. a name used for the Noldor.
Finion
noun. Tolkien proposed this form as remplacement for Fingon
_prop. n. _Tolkien proposed this form as remplacement for Fingon. Finion << Findor. >> Fingon. This gloss was rejected.
Fíriel
noun. mortal maid
Igli
noun. a name used for the Noldor
n. a name used for the Noldor.
an
preposition. to, towards, for
With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath
an
to
_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath 'glory to all the Halflings'.
anim
pronoun. for myself
pron. for myself. úchebin estel anim 'I don't keep hope for myself'.
annon edhellen, edro hi ammen
Elvish gate open now for us
aníra-
verb. to desire, to desire, *long for
calar
noun. (portable) lamp
calar
noun. lamp
n. lamp. >> calardan
calben
noun. Elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person")
calben
noun. all Elves but the Avari
cam
noun. hand
camm
noun. hand
cathrae
noun. tressure, net for combining the hair
celeb
noun. silver
celeb
silver
celeb
noun. silver
The word celeb was the word for “silver” in Sindarin and its conceptual precursors throughout Tolkien’s life.
Conceptual Development: G. celeb “silver” appeared all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where it was related to the early root ᴱ√TELEPE of the same meaning (GL/25; QL/91). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s ᴱN. celeb was derived instead from ᴱ✶kelekwé with the sound change of primitive kw to p and later to b (PE13/140), though in that same document he considered (but rejected) ᴱ✶t’lépe > ᴱN. tlub “silver” (PE13/154). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien introduced a new root ᴹ√KYELEP “silver” to be the basis of N. celeb, with the sound change whereby intial ky became k (c) (Ety/KYELEP). This sound change continued to be a feature of Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, and Tolkien retained this derivation going forward.
chwind
noun. ordinary non-mythological word for birch
de
pronoun. you
e
pronoun. he
echil
collective name. Followers
edhel
noun. Elf
edhel
noun. Elf
_ n. _Elf, a general name for all the Elves (since the name Quendi had gone out of use in Sindarin). Probably related to or connected with Q. Elda. >> edhellen
edhel
Elf
pl1. edhil, pl2. edhellim {ð} _n. _Elf. A name used by the Sindar for themselves, characterizing other varieties by an adjective or prefix. >> Aredhel, Thinnedhel
edhel
Elf
{ð} _n. _Elf.
edhel
Elf
d _ n. _Elf. Q. elda.
egladhrim
noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim
eglath
noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim
eledh
used for all elves
pl1. elidh, pl2. eledhrim {ð}_ n. _used for all elves. Form obsolete as specific 'tribal' or general, except as element in certain proper-names.Q. elda.
ell
noun. elf
n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form.
elleth
noun. elf-maid
enni
pronoun. to me
ethir
noun. mouth (of a river), estuary
fair
noun. mortal
feir
noun. mortal
feir
noun. Mortal, Mortal, [N.] mortal man
A term used for Men meaning “Mortal”, appearing in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, cognate to Q. Firya of the same meaning, both derived from √PHIR which was the basis of words for natural death (WJ/387). According to Tolkien this word was borrowed from Quenya, since the Noldor had pre-knowledge of the nature of Men having learned of them from the Valar. The plural form of Feir was Fîr and its class plural Firiath, the latter also appearing in contemporaneous Silmarillion drafts (WJ/219 footnote). It is unclear why this word did not become ✱Fair, since ei became ai in Sindarin monosyllables. Perhaps it remained Feir because it was an adaptation from Quenya, or it could be a conceptual remnant of its Noldorin form (see below).
Conceptual Development: Probably the first precursor to this word was ᴱN. fion “man, human being” from Index of Names for The Lay of the Children of Húrin compiled in the early 1920s (PE15/62), also appearing with the gloss “mortal man” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the same period (PE13/143). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gaven N. {fîr “man, mortal” >>} feir pl. fîr “mortals” under the root ᴹ√PHIR (Ety/PHIR; EtyAC/PHIR), hence with basically the same form, meaning and etymology as it had in later Sindarin.
firiath
noun. mortals, human beings
firin
adjective. mortal
adj. mortal. >> firen
forod
noun. north
fuir
adjective. north
fuir
adjective. north
A word appearing in the name Eryn Fuir “North Wood” in notes from the late 1960s that were ultimately struck through (VT42/20). David Salo suggested it was likely derived from ✱phorya (GS/255). If so, it would be a later version of N. fœir >> feir “right (hand)” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, which was the equivalent of ᴹQ. forya under the root ᴹ√PHOR of similar meaning (Ety/PHOR).
These differences between the Noldorin and Sindarin forms were due to varying phonetic developments in the 1930s vs. the 1950s-60s; see the entry on how œi became ui in Sindarin for more details.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use ᴺS. fuir in its 1930s sense “right (hand)”, since we have plenty of other words for “north”.
fíreb
noun. Mortal
galadh
noun. tree
galadh
tree
_n. Bot._tree, like oak (nordh) and beech. A galadh was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn
galadh
tree
{ð} n. tree. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn
galadh
noun. tree
The basic Sindarin word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates back at least to The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. galadh “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD (Ety/GALAD). See also orn “(tall) tree” of similar meaning.
Conceptual Development: Gnomish of the 1910s had some earlier version of this “tree” word: G. galdon >> alwen “tree” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) and archaic/poetic G. †alwen “tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), the latter probably from the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” that was the basis for ᴱQ. alda “tree” (QL/29).
galen
noun. maybe an abbreviated form used for galenas
n. Bot. maybe an abbreviated form used for galenas. >> galenas
glinnel
noun. Elf, one of the Teleri
golodh
noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk
golodhrim
noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes
gódhel
noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk
im
pronoun. I
In late writings (see esp. VT/47:37-38), Tolkien reinterpreted this form as a reflexive pronoun (= "self").
ithildin
noun. a silver-colored substance, which mirrors only starlight and moonlight
lachend
noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)
lachenn
noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)
lam
noun. physical tongue
lam
tongue
_ n. _tongue. Q. lambe. >> lammen
lebethron
noun. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor
In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata)
ledhbas(t)
noun. waybread
lhôn
noun. noise, noise; *phone (in linguistics), speech sound
A word for “noise” appearing in a list of roots for sound words from 1959-60, derived from the root √(S)LON (PE17/138).
Neo-Sindarin: In a post on 2024-05-07 from the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), Luinyelle suggested this word could also mean “phone, speech sound”, based on Q. hlonitë “phonetic”. I personally recommend fuller paethlon in cases where a simple lhôn would be ambiguous.
mab-
noun. a hand-full, complete hand (with all five fingers)
malhorn
noun. golden tree of Lothlórien
mallorn
noun. golden tree of Lothlórien
malthorn
noun. golden tree of Lothlórien
maw
noun. hand
maw
noun. hand
The Sindarin equivalent of Q. má, likewise derived from the root √MAH or √MAƷ “hand; handle, wield” (PE17/162; VT47/6). However, in Sindarin this word was archaic, used only in poetry, having been replaced in ordinary speech by other words like S. mâb and (less often) cam. Other remnants of this word can be seen in compounds like molif “wrist, (orig.) hand link” and directional words like forvo and harvo for left and right hand side.
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, G. mô from the early root ᴱ√MAHA was the normal word for “hand”, replacing mab “hand” (< ᴱ√MAHA) which in this document Tolkien decided was instead an irregular dual form of mô (GL/55). It had also had an irregular plural mabin based on this dual, replacing an older plural †maith. In the Gnomish Grammar, its archaic form was †mâ, with the usual Gnomish sound change of ā to ō (GG/14), as opposed to later Sindarin/Noldorin ā to au, spelt -aw when final. Tolkien seems to have abandoned mô as a non-archaic word for “hand” early on, preferring ᴱN. mab “hand” by the 1920s and introducing N. cam “hand” in the 1930s.
mellon
noun. friend
mellon
noun. friend
_ n. _friend. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'.
mellon
noun. friend
min
adjective. our
mornedhel
noun. Dark-Elf
mâb
noun. a hand-full, complete hand (with all five fingers)
mâb
noun. hand, hand, [N.] grasp
The typical Sindarin word for “hand” (VT47/7, 20), usable in almost any context. It is most notable as an element in the name Mablung “Heavy Hand” (VT47/8). See below for a discussion of its etymology.
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where G. mab “hand” appeared as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√MAPA “seize” (GL/55). Tolkien then revised the gloss to “hands”, saying instead it was an irregular dual of G. mô “hand”. The word reverted to singular ᴱN. mab “hand” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/149). These early versions of the word were already an element of Mablung “Heavy Hand(ed)” (LT2/38; LB/311), but also of Ermabwed “One-handed” (LT2/34; LB/119).
In the 1930s it seems Tolkien decided Ilk. mâb “hand” was primarily an Ilkorin word, and the usual word for “hand” in Noldorin was N. cam. Compare Ilkorin Ermabuin “One-handed” and Mablosgen “Empty-handed” with Noldorin Erchamion and Camlost of the same meaning. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Tolkien had N. mab “grasp” under the root ᴹ√MAPA “seize”, but the version of the entry with that word was overwritten (EtyAC/MAP), leaving only the Ilkorin form mâb. In this period, Mablung may also have been an Ilkorin name.
After Tolkien abandoned Ilkorin in the 1950s, he kept S. Erchamion and Camlost based on cam, but also kept Mablung “Heavy Hand” which must have become Sindarin. In his later writings Tolkien again revisited the etymology of S. mâb “hand”. In a note from Jan-Feb 1968, he wrote:
> It [Q. má = “hand”] did not survive in Telerin and Sindarin as an independent word, but was replaced by the similar-sounding but unconnected C.E. makwā, Q. maqua, T. mapa, S. mab, of uncertain origin, but probably originally an adjectival formation from MAK “strike” ... (VT47/19).
This sentence was struck through, however. In drafts of notes on Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals written in or after 1968, Tolkien again derived mâb from √MAP (VT47/20 note #13), but in the final version of these notes he made the remarkable decision to discard this root despite it being a stable part of Elvish for nearly 50 years, declaring it was used only in Telerin and not Quenya or Sindarin (VT47/7). He coined a new etymology for S. mâb “hand” based on ✶makwā “handful” = ✶mā + ✶kwā (VT47/6-7), a variation on the above etymology from √MAK.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer to ignore Tolkien’s 1968 removal of √MAP “seize”, and so would continue to derive S. mâb “hand” from that root. However, its ancient meaning may have been “✱grasp”, and its eventual use as “hand” might have been influenced by ancient ✶makwā “handful”.
mín
adjective. our
mín
pronoun. our
na
to
e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2
na
preposition. to
prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2
naur an edraith ammen
fire [be] for saving of us
nin
pronoun. me
nin
pronoun. me
_ pron. _me.
nin
pronoun. me
nín
adjective. my
The acute accent in nín has sometimes been regarded as an error for a slanted macron in the manuscript, since all the other attested personal adjectives from Sauron defeated all have a circumflex accent. It was however noted that if the acute accent is confirmed, then this word is probably an enclitic, see HL/73. The acute accent is now confirmed by VT/44
nín
pronoun. my
orn
noun. (any large) tree
oron
noun. tree
n. Bot. tree. Also in compound -(o)rŏnō. >> orn
rem
noun. mesh, net (esp. for catching, hunter's or fisher's net)
roch
noun. horse, swift horse for riding
roch
noun. horse
The usual word for “horse” in Sindarin, a derivative of ✶rokkō (Let/282, 382) and very well attested. There are indications that this word was more specifically a “swift horse” (Let/382; EtyAC/ROK), but in most cases Tolkien used it generically.
Conceptual Development: The first precursor to this word seems to be G. brog “horse” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/24), though at the time it had no Qenya cognates. ᴱN. brog “horse” reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), but by The Etymologies of the 1930s it had become N. roch “horse”, already with the derivation given above (Ety/ROK; EtyAC/ROK). Tolkien seems to have mainly stuck with this form thereafter.
romru
noun. sound of horns
rû
noun. loud-sound, trumpet-sound
tir-
verb. to look (towards), watch (over), guard, to look (towards), watch (over), guard; [G.] to look (out) for, watch for, await, expect
whinn
noun. ordinary non-mythological word for birch
ídha
long for
ídhra
long for
ódhel
noun. Deep Elf or Gnome, one of the Wise Folk
ódhel
proper name. Elf who left for Aman
adab
house
(building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb.
aden
preposition. until
ai!
hail
! (interjection) ai! _(according to one interpretation of Glorfindel_s cry ai na vedui, Dúnadan!)
ai!
hail
(according to one interpretation of Glorfindel’s cry ai na vedui, Dúnadan!)
ammen
for us
(to us).
ammen
for us
ammen (to us).
ammen
for us, to us, of us
ammen
an
to
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
to
(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)
anann
for a long time
anann.
aníra
desire
(vb.) aníra- (i aníra, in anírar);
aníra
desire
(i aníra, in anírar);
bach
article for exchange
bach (ware, thing) (i mach, o mbach), pl. baich (i mbaich).
bach
article for exchange
(ware, thing) (i mach, o mbach), pl. baich (i mbaich).
bach
exchange, article for
bach (ware, thing) (i mach, o mbach), pl. baich (i mbaich)
bad
go
#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
bad
go
(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
bannen
gone
#bannen (pl. bennin). Isolated from govannen ”met”, based on the assumption that this past participle includes a form of the verb #bad- ”go”.
bannen
adjective. gone
A neologism for “gone” derived from ᴹ√BAT proposed by David Salo as part of his theory for the derivation of govannen “met” (GS/241, 260). While I think this theory is correct for the 1940s, I think the relevant forms were abandoned by the late 1950s, and I would recommend attested gwanwen instead for “departed, ✱gone”.
bannen
gone
(pl. bennin). Isolated from govannen ”met”, based on the assumption that this past participle includes a form of the verb #bad- ”go”.
bell
strong
- (in body) *bell, lenited vell, pl. bill. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” belt. 2)
bell
strong
lenited vell, pl. bill. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” belt.
bâr
house
bâr (dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
bâr
house
(dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
calar
lamp
#calar (i galar, o chalar), pl. celair (i chelair). Isolated from the pl. compound celerdain "lampwrights", sg. *calardan.
calar
lamp
(i galar, o chalar), pl. celair (i chelair). Isolated from the pl. compound celerdain "lampwrights", sg. ✱calardan.
cam
hand
- cam (i gam, o cham), pl. caim (i chaim), coll. pl. cammath; 2) mâb (i vâb; construct mab), pl. maib (i maib). 3) Archaic †maw (i vaw), pl. moe (i moe). A homophone means ”soil, stain”. (VT47:6) 4) (fist) dond (i dhond; construct don), pl. dynd (i nynd), coll. pl. donnath (VT47:23).
cam
hand
(i gam, o cham), pl. caim (i chaim), coll. pl. cammath
camlann
of the hand
(i gamlann, o chamlann), pl. cemlain (i chemlain).
car
house
(building, dwelling-place) 1) car or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity. 2) adab (building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb. 3)
car
house
or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity.
cared
making
#cared (i gared, o chared) (doing), pl. cerid (i cherid). Isolated from ceredir "doer, maker", where the word appears in umlauted form (cared + dîr).
cared
making
(i gared, o chared) (doing), pl. cerid (i cherid). Isolated from ceredir "doer, maker", where the word appears in umlauted form (cared + dîr).**
cathrae
tressure
cathrae (i gathrae, o chathrae) (hairnet). No distinct pl. form except with article (i chathrae). (VT42:12))
cathrae
tressure
(i gathrae, o chathrae) (hairnet). No distinct pl. form except with article (i chathrae). (VT42:12))
celeb
silver
- (noun) celeb (i geleb, o cheleb), pl. celib (i chelib) if there is a pl. form. 2) (adj., "of/like silver") celebren (lenited gelebren, pl. celebrin; also celebrin- as first element of compounds, as in Celebrindal). Also celefn (lenited gelefn, pl. celifn). As for ”silver” as adjective, see also SHINING WHITE. Adj.
cesta-
ziF1`C= verb. to seek, search for
Sindarin cognate of the Quenya word cesta-.
Phonetic Developments:
ketʰta- > kesta-, cesta-
cesta-
verb. to seek, search for, look for
A neologism for “to seek, search for, look for” coined by Fiona Jallings inspired by cesta- of similar meaning.
cil-
verb. choose
corf
noun. ring (for fingers)
A neologism for a “(finger) ring”, Sindarin cognate of Q. corma, which has been around long enough that a precise attribution is impossible.
crûm
left hand
(i grûm, o chrûm, construct crum), pl. cruim (i chruim), coll. pl. crummath. Also ✱hair (i chair), no distinct pl. form (not even with article). Note: hair is also used = ”left” as adjective. Cited in archaic form heir (LR:365 s.v. KHYAR).
cû
bow
- (noun) cû (i gû, o chû) (arch, crescent), pl. cui (i chui), 2) (bow for shooting) peng (i beng, o pheng), pl. ping (i phing),
dond
hand
(i dhond; construct don), pl. dynd (i nynd), coll. pl. donnath (VT47:23).
e
he
- e (SD:128-31), 2) ho, hon, hono. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)
e
he
(SD:128-31)
edhel
elf
edhel (pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). _(WJ:363, 377-78; _the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > Elrim_ _may also occur). But since elin also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.
ened
adverb. moreover
fair
mortal man
(fír-), pl. fîr, coll. pl. firiath. Archaic sg. feir (WJ:387). Wheareas the above-mentioned terms are apparently gender-neutral, the following are gender-specific:
fair
adjective. right (hand)
firieth
mortal woman
(pl. firith).
firin
mortal
?firin. No distinct pl. form.
firin
mortal
. No distinct pl. form.
forgam
right-handed
(pl. fergaim, for archaic förgeim)
forod
north
#forod (isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).
forod
north
(isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).
fuir
right hand
pl. fŷr. Also used as adj. "right, north" (VT42:20). In ”Noldorin” the word appeared as (”foeir” =) föir, feir (LR:382 s.v. PHOR).
fíreb
mortal
(adj. and noun) fíreb (pl. fírib), coll. pl. firebrim. The literal meaning is "apt to die" (WJ:387).
fíreb
mortal
(pl. fírib), coll. pl. firebrim. The literal meaning is "apt to die" (WJ:387).
galadh
tree
- galadh (i **aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302). 2) orn (pl. yrn**). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.
galadh
tree
(i ’aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302).
galadhon
of or related to trees
(lenited ‘aladhon, pl. galadhoen). Archaic ✱galadhaun. The latter is based on David Salo’s analysis of the name Caras Galadhon; others have interpreted the last word as some kind of genitive plural, maybe influenced by Silvan Elvish.
galadhrim
people of the trees
(Elves of Lórien). Adj.
gobel
village
(i ’obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. ✱göbil.
gobem
noun. mouth
ho
he
hon, hono. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)*
huorn
walking tree of fangorn
(i chuorn, o chuorn), pl. huyrn (i chuyrn).
hîn
they
(of women) hîn. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.
hîn
they
. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.
hûr
action, readiness for
hûr (i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (vigour, fiery spirit), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.
hûr
readiness for action
hûr (i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (vigor, fiery spirit), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.
im
i
but as subject usually simply the ending -n, as in ónen ”
lam
tongue
(both body-part and = ”dialect, language”) lam (pl. laim, coll. pl. lammath). (WJ:394, 416) Not: lam is also used = ”echo, voice, echoing voice”.
lam
tongue
(pl. laim, coll. pl. lammath). (WJ:394, 416) Not: lam is also used = ”echo, voice, echoing voice”.
lammad
sound of voices
pl. lemmaid. May also be spelt with a single m.
lammas
account of tongues
lammen
my tongue
.
law
noun. sound
lebethron
oak tree
.
lhûn
making sound
lenited ?thlûn or ?lûn (the lenition product of lh is uncertain), pl. lhuin. Verb
lobor
horse
lobor, analogical pl. lebyr (VT45:28)
lobor
horse
analogical pl. **lebyr **(VT45:28)
madui
adjective. edible
manadh
fortune
(usually = final bliss) manadh (i vanadh) (doom, final end, fate), pl. menaidh (i menaidh). Cf. .
manadh
fortune
(i vanadh) (doom, final end, fate), pl. menaidh (i menaidh). Cf.
maw
hand
(i vaw), pl. moe (i moe). A homophone means ”soil, stain”. (VT47:6)
mela
love
(vb.) mela- (i vela, i melar), pa.t. melant (VT45:34)
mela
love
(i vela, i melar), pa.t. melant (VT45:34)
meldis
friend
(i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.
meleth
love
(noun) meleth (i veleth), pl. melith (i melith)
meleth
love
(i veleth), pl. melith (i melith)
mellon
friend
- (masc.) mellon (i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath. 2) (fem.) meldis (i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.
mellon
friend
(i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath.
men
we
men (accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).
men
we
(accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).
milui
friendly
milui (lenited vilui; no distinct pl. form) (loving, kind)
milui
friendly
(lenited vilui; no distinct pl. form) (loving, kind)
mâb
hand
(i vâb; construct mab), pl. maib (i maib).
mîl
love
mîl (i vîl) (affection, kindness), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîl), coll. pl. míliath
mîl
love
(i vîl) (affection, kindness), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîl), coll. pl. míliath
naena-
verb. to lament, wail for, make moan for, weep
naergon
woeful lament
(pl. naergoen)
nellad
sound of bells
(pl. nellaid);
ni
pronoun. I
nin
i
”me”, genitive nín ”my”, dative anim or enni ”to me, for me”.
nin
me
(object form of ”I”) nin; as indirect object anim or enni ”for myself, (to) me”.
noe
lament
(noun) *noe (no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” nui.
noe
lament
(no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” nui.
noss
house
(family) 1) noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan), 2) nost (pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360), 3) nothrim (family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)
noss
house
(construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan)
nost
house
(pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360)
nothlir
family tree
(family line); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.
nothrim
house
(family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)
nín
my
nín (following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).
nín
my
(following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. – In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).
orn
tree
(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.
parf
book
parf (i barf, o pharf), pl. perf (i pherf), coll. pl. parvath
parf
book
(i barf, o pharf), pl. perf (i pherf), coll. pl. parvath
raw
roaring noise
(rush), pl. roe (idh roe);
rem
mesh
rem (net), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath
rem
mesh
(net), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath
roch
horse
(swift horse for riding) roch, pl. rych (idh rych) (Letters:282)
roch
horse
pl. rych (idh rych) (Letters:282)
romru
sound of horns
pl. remry (idh remry) for archaic römry;
salab
herb
salab (i halab, o salab), pl. selaib (i selaib). In ”N”, the pl. was seleb, LR:385 s.v. _ÁK-(W_Ē).
salab
herb
(i halab, o salab), pl. selaib (i selaib). – In ”N”, the pl. was seleb, LR:385 s.v. SALÁK-(WĒ).
sedh-
verb. to rest
A neologism coined by Elaran based on the root √SED of the same meaning.
sennas
guesthouse
(i hennas), pl. sennais (i sennais), coll. pl. sennassath (RC:523)
thalion
strong
thalion (steadfast, dauntless), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.
thalion
strong
(steadfast, dauntless), pl. thelyn. Also used as a noun ”hero, dauntless man”.
toss
low-growing tree
(i** doss, o thoss, construct tos), pl. tyss (i** thyss). Tolkien mentioned ”maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.” as examples of the low-growing trees covered by this word. Specific trees, see
ui
everlasting
ui (eternal); no distict pl. form. Also used as adverb ”ever, always”.
ui
everlasting
(eternal); no distict pl. form. Also used as adverb ”ever, always”.
uiveleth
hJrな$3F noun. eternal love, love that will last for ever
The prefix ‘ui-’ that means eternal plus lenited form of meleth (love) ‘veleth’.
vín
our
vín; see WE
vín
our
; see
îr
sexual desire
(VT46:23)
A prefix for “north” (PE17/18) clearly based on the root ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” (Ety/PHOR).