- prep. “like, as”) sui (VT44:23), 2) (prep.) be (like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salos reconstruction)
Sindarin
sui
preposition. *as
be
as
sui
as
sui
as
(VT44:23)
be
preposition. in; ?as, like, as, like; in
A preposition in the King’s Letter appearing as ben “in the”. Carl Hostetter’s suggested it is connected to the root √MI/IMI “in” via the strengthened form MBI that appears in Q. imbë “between” (VT31/19-20). David Salo instead proposed that it may be a cognate of Q. ve “as, like” derived from primitive ✶bē, suffixed with a form of the definite article -n and having the sense “as in the [Shire-reckoning]” (SG/226). This second option seems more likely to me; the primitive form ✶bē was not published when Carl Hostetter made his analysis.
Conceptual Development: There are some words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s that have similar forms and the meaning “in”; see G. ba “in” for discussion (GL/21). The Gnomish Lexicon also had G. fel “like (as av.); as, like”, apparently meaning it was both an adverb and a preposition (GL/34). It might have been related to the early root ᴱ√VĪ “as” that was the basis for ᴱQ. ve “as, like” (QL/101), though why the Gnomish form has a voiceless spirant f rather than voiced v is unclear.
The Nebrachar poem from around 1930 has ᴱN. a “like” in the phrase dir avosaith a gwaew hinar “like a wind, dark through gloomy places” (MC/217).
gond
noun. stone, rock, stone (general as a substance or material), rock, [N.] stone (as a material), [G.] great stone
The basic word for “stone” or “rock” in Sindarin (PE17/28-29; WJ/201). More specifically, it was “stone as a material” (PE17/28; Ety/GOND) as opposed to an individual stone, which was gôn (PE17/28; PE23/139) or sarn (RC/327; VT42/11). Longer gond was derived from the root ᴹ√GONOD of essentially the same meaning, as was its Quenya cognate Q. ondo (Ety/GOND). In a discussion of plurals from the late 1960s, Tolkien revised gond to gôn, and plural i·ñ(g)uind to i·ñ(g)uin (PE23/139), however I do not believe Tolkien was rejecting gond as word, but instead realized it was a mass noun that would not have a plural. He then replaced it with gôn which could be used or individual stones and thus had a plural for “stones”.
Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where it appeared as G. gonn “great stone, rock” (GL/41). It was probably a derivative of ᴱ√ONO “hard” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon from which its Qenya cognate ᴱQ. on(d) “a stone” was derived (QL/70). The early root form was probably ✱ᴱ√ƷONO, with the initial *ʒ* vanishing in Qenya but becoming *g* in Gnomish. Later on, this derivation no longer worked, since Tolkien decided that initial ʒ became h in Qenya. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, this word appeared as N. gonn “stone (as a material)” with the derivation given above (Ety/GOND).
Neo-Sindarin: Tolkien gave this word as both gonn and gond, but in keeping with the notion that the sound “remained nd at the end of fully accented monosyllables” in Sindarin (LotR/1115), most Neo-Sindarin writers use gond.
sui mín i gohenam di ai gerir úgerth ammen
as we forgive those who trespass against us
The eighth line of Ae Adar Nín, Tolkien’s Sindarin translation of the Lord’s Prayer (VT44/21). The first word is the preposition sui “as”. The second word has the same form as mín “our” but seems to function as men “us” (as it appeared in the first draft of this sentence). The third word is i “who”, followed by gohenam, the 2nd-pl inflection of the verb gohena- “to forgive” with its direct object di, the lenited form of the pronoun ti “them”.
The function of the sixth word ai (“those who”) is difficult to decipher. See the entry for that word for further discussion.
The seventh word gerir is a lenited form of cerir (as it appeared in the draft), which itself is the plural of the verb car- “to do”. This followed by úgerth, the plural of úgarth “trespass, ✱misdeed” and ammen “to us”, a combination of an “to, for” and men “us”.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> sui mín i gohena-m di [← ti] ai gerir [← cerir] úgerth am-men = “✱as us who forgive-we them who do-(plural) trespasses to-us”
The sense of this phrase seems to be: “as us, who forgive those who do trespasses to us”.
Conceptual Development: Tolkien wrote a draft version (I) before producing a revised version (II) of this phrase (VT44/22, note on line 8). For “as we [us]”, Tolkien used the preposition sui “as” in both versions, but for “us” Tolkien wrote mín >> men in the draft, and then mí ni >> mín in the revision. Of these, men “us” seems to me to be the most consistent with Tolkien’s use of this pronoun elsewhere. Bill Welden discussed possible interpretations of this pronoun usage on VT44/28.
For “forgive”, Tolkien first wrote dihenam in the draft, which is another form of the verb díhena- “forgive” used in the previous line of the prayer. Tolkien replaced this with góhenam in the draft, which appeared as gohenam in the revised phrase. As pointed out by Bill Welden (VT44/29), it isn’t clear whether Tolkien intended to replace díhena- with gohena- generally as the Sindarin verb for “forgive”, or whether both verbs were valid with slightly different connotations.
See the entry for the word ai “✱those who” for a discussion of the development of that word (ayath >> ay >> ai).
Tolkien reversed the order of úgarth “trespass” and cerir “do-(plural)” between the draft and revised versions, which required changing cerir to its lenited form gerir (which Tolkien first wrote mistakenly as garer in the revised version before correcting it to gerir).
In the draft version, Tolkien wrote ann for “against us”, but as Bill Welden points out (VT44/22), Tolkien almost certainly intended ammen as it appeared in the revised version and elsewhere in the prayer, and simply failed to complete this form in the draft.
|  I  |II| |sui| |{mín >>} men|{mí ni >>} mín| |i| |{dihenam >>} góhenam|gohenam| |di| |{ayath >> ay >>} ai|ai| |ugerth|{garer >>} gerir| |cerir|úgerth| |ann|ammen|
Aragorn
noun. Tolkien proposed that the ending gorn was simply modeled on names such as Arathorn
prop. n. Tolkien proposed that the ending gorn was simply modeled on names such as Arathorn, Celegorn, and that the [?pure] Sindarin form of this name was Argorn. . This gloss was rejected.
Edhelvein
noun. 'fair as an Elf'
prop. n. 'fair as an Elf', a title of Arwen.
Finion
noun. Tolkien proposed this form as remplacement for Fingon
_prop. n. _Tolkien proposed this form as remplacement for Fingon. Finion << Findor. >> Fingon. This gloss was rejected.
Rohan (AS Rochand)
noun. horse country
roh (from roch “horse”) + and (commonly used suffix in the names of regions and countries)
amloth
noun. flower or floreate device used as crest fixed to the point of a tall helmet
bartham
noun. a large building of masonry used as a dwelling
n. a large building of masonry used as a dwelling. Northern Sindarin form of barthan. >> barthan
barthan
noun. a large building of masonry used as a dwelling
n. a large building of masonry used as a dwelling. This word was modelled on Q. Martan (martam-). Northern Sindarin bartham. >> bartham
bo ceven sui vi menel
on Earth as [it is] in Heaven
The fifth line of Ae Adar Nín, Tolkien’s Sindarin translation of the Lord’s Prayer (VT44/21). The first word is the preposition bo “on” (possibly a mutated form for po), followed by ceven “earth”. The third word is the preposition sui “as”, followed by vi the lenited form of mi “in” and menel “heaven”. There is no Sindarin equivalent for English “it is” in this phrase.
See the entry for the first line of this prayer for a discussion of the (mis)use of menel for “Heaven” in this phrase.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> bo Ceven sui vi Menel = “✱on Earth as in Heaven”
di
preposition. with
_ prep. _with. Q. lé.
di
preposition. with
díhena-
verb. to forgive (with matter forgiven as object?)
fân
noun. cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills)
gohena-
verb. to forgive (with person forgiven as object?)
gwanu
noun. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract)
gwelu
noun. air (as substance)
gûl
noun. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things)
hadhodrim
noun. the Dwarves (as a race)
hên
noun. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics)
lanc
noun. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end (as a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built)
linnod
noun. (?) a single verse used as a maxim
The word is not translated by Tolkien. The first meaning assumes that -od is a singulative affix (cf. filigod ). The second meaning is proposed by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in Tolkien's Legendarium p. 132, based on the metrical characteristics of Gilraen's linnod
na
preposition. with, by (also used as a genitive sign)
na
preposition. to, towards, at
nobad
noun. the pair of fingers composed of the thumb and the index (grouped together as in the act of picking something)
od
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
onodrim
noun. the Ents, as a race
orchoth
noun. the Orcs (as a race)
paur
noun. fist (often used to mean "hand", its chief use was in reference of the tighly closed hand, as in using an implement or a craft-tool, rather than to the fist used in punching)
penedh
historical form obsolete as specific 'tribal' or general
{ð} n. historical form obsolete as specific 'tribal' or general, except as element in certain proper-names.
rond
noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed
ross
adjective. red-haired, copper coloured (especially used of animals, as fox, red deer, etc.)
sarn
noun. stone (as a material)
Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11
sennui
adverb. (?) rather, (?) instead (used as an adverb?)
sui
conjunction. as, like
taw
noun. wood as material
n. wood as material. Q. toa. >> taur
taw
noun. wood as material
A noun in a list of “large & small” roots from around 1968 under the root √TAW “wood”, the cognate of Q. töa “wood as material” (PE17/115) and thus probably derived from primitive ✱tawā.
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s “wood (material)” was N. tawar (Ety/TÁWAR), whereas in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s it was G. âl (GL/19).
tawar
noun. wood (as a material)
tawar
noun. great wood, forest
tawen
adjective. wood as material
adj. wood as material. Q. toina. >> taw
teleir
it became current as a general term to distinguish the Sindar from either the Noldor or the Dark-Elves
pl1. telir, pl2. teleriath, telerwaith _ n. _it became current as a general term to distinguish the Sindar (and usually also the Nandor) from either the Noldor or the Dark-Elves.
ten
pronoun. (?) it (as object)
tewin
adjective. wood as material
thalion
noun. hero, dauntless man (especially as surname of Húrin Thalion)
uilos
noun/adjective. always white, ever white as snow
gloss
white as snow, dazzling white
gloss (in compounds -los), lenited loss; pl. glyss.
gloss
white as snow, dazzling white
gloss (in compounds -los), lenited loss; pl. glyss.
gwelu
noun. air (as a substance)
na
with
(in instrumental sense?) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
na
with
(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
naden
preposition. until, up to, as far as
@@@ Discord 2022-06-04
(like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salo’s reconstruction)