Malantur, masc. name. Apparently includes -(n)tur "lord, ruler". The initial element is unlikely to connect with the early "Qenya" element mala- "hurt, pain", and may rather reflect the root MALAT "gold" (PM:366): Malat-ntur > Malantur "Gold-ruler"? (UT:210)
Quenya
condo
noun. lord
hér
lord
hér
noun. lord
túrin
noun. lord
Derivations
- √TUR “dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power, dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power; [ᴹ√] victory; [ᴱ√] am strong”
Element in
- Q. i Túrin i Cormaron “the Lord of the Rings” ✧ Minor-Doc/1973-05-30
Variations
- Túrin ✧ Minor-Doc/1973-05-30
Malantur
lord, ruler
heru
lord, master
heru (also hér) noun "lord, master" (PM:210, KHER, LT1:272, VT44:12); Letters:283 gives hér (heru); the form Héru with a long vowel refers to God in the source where it appears (i Héru "the Lord", VT43:29). In names like Herumor "Black Lord" and Herunúmen "Lord of the West" (SA:heru). The form heruion is evidently a gen.pl. of heru "lord": "of the lords" (SD:290); herunúmen "Lord-of-West" (LR:47), title of Manwë. Pl. númeheruvi "Lords-of-West" (*"West-lords") in SD:246, a title of the Valar; does this form suggest that #heruvi is the regular plural of heru?
heru
noun. lord, master
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- Q. Artaher “Noble Lord”
- Q. Ciryaher “*Ship Lord”
- ᴺQ. hérosto “capital city”
- Q. Herucalmo
- Q. Heru Imillion “Lord of the Rings” ✧ DTS/54
- Q. Herumor “*Black Lord” ✧ SA/heru
- Q. Herunúmen “Lord of the West” ✧ SA/heru
- Q. Heru órava omessë “Lord, have mercy on us” ✧ VT44/12
- ᴺQ. herwa “lordly”
- Q. i Héru aselyë “the Lord is with thee” ✧ VT43/29
- Q. Ondoher “*Stone Lord” ✧ PM/210
- Q. Ostoher “*City Lord”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶khēr > hēr [kʰēr] > [xēr] > [hēr] ✧ Let/282 ✶kherū > heru [kʰerū] > [xerū] > [herū] > [heru] ✧ Let/282 ✶kherū > heru [kʰerū] > [xerū] > [herū] > [heru] ✧ PE17/097 ✶khēr > hēr [kʰēr] > [xēr] > [hēr] ✧ VT41/09 Variations
- Heru ✧ DTS/54; VT44/12
- hēr ✧ Let/282; VT41/09
- hēr- ✧ PM/210
- Héru ✧ VT43/29
condo
prince, leader; lord
condo ("k")noun "prince, leader; lord" (PE17:113,117); possibly replaces cundu, q.v.
cundo
noun. lord, guardian, lord, guardian, [ᴹQ.] prince
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- Q. Aracondo “*Noble Prince”
- Q. Carma-cundo “Helm-guardian” ✧ PM/260
- Q. Turukondo “Victory Prince”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶kondō > condo [kondō] > [kondo] ✧ PE17/113 ✶kundō > cundo [kundō] > [kundo] ✧ PE17/117 Variations
- condo ✧ PE17/113 (
condo)- kundu ✧ PE17/117 (kundu)
- kondo ✧ PE17/118
indor
master (of house), lord
indor noun "master (of house), lord" (LT2:343; probably obsoleted together with indo "house", q.v.)
vardar
king
vardar noun "king" (LT1:273; rather aran in LotR-style Quenya)
-tur
suffix. master, lord, ruler, master, lord, ruler, [ᴹQ.] victor
Cognates
- S. -dor “*king, lord”
Derivations
- √TUR “dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power, dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power; [ᴹ√] victory; [ᴱ√] am strong” ✧ SA/tur
Element in
- Q. Axantur “*Master of Law”
- Q. Ciryatur “*Ship-master”
- ᴺQ. cöantur “householder, master of the house”
- Q. Falastur “Lord of the Coasts”
- Q. Fëanturi “Masters of Spirits” ✧ SA/tur
- Q. Malantur “?Golden Lord”
- ᴺQ. mandontur “jailer”
- Q. Minyatur “First-ruler” ✧ SA/tur
- ᴺQ. nóretur “governer, (lit.) country-ruler”
- ᴺQ. nossetur “patriarch, family head”
- ᴺQ. atartur “patriarch, (lit.) master-father”
- Q. Turambar “Master of Doom, Master of Fate” ✧ SA/tur
- Q.
Turondo“Lord of Stone”- ᴺQ. tuxantur “centurion”
- Q. Vëantur
Elements
Word Gloss turo “master, victor, lord” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √tur > tur [tur] ✧ SA/tur Variations
- tur ✧ SA/tur
cundo
guardian
cundo noun "guardian" (PM:260), "lord" (PE17:117)
heru órava omessë
Lord, have mercy on us
The first line of Tolkien’s Quenya translation of the Litany of Loreto prayer (VT44/12). The first word is the noun heru “lord” followed by the aorist form of the verb órava- “to have mercy”. The last word omessë “on us” is the locative form (-ssë “on”) of the pronoun me “us”. The significance of the prefix o- is unclear, but Wynne, Smith and Hostetter suggested that it might be the preposition ó (VT44/15), though its translation elsewhere as “with” (VT43/29) does not seem appropriate. It could instead be the prefix o- “together”, though this does not fit well either. In later lines, Tolkien wrote (o)messë indicating the prefix was optional.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> Heru órava (o)me-ssë = “✱Lord have-mercy us-on”
Conceptual Development: Tolkien explored several ways of expressing “have mercy”. He first wrote a le·ana ocama, apparently meaning “(imperative) you give mercy”, with ocama a noun meaning “mercy” (VT44/12-13). He revised this to simply ocama >> ócama, apparently changing ocama to a verb meaning “to have mercy” (VT44/13). He then changed this verb to órava (VT44/14).
Tolkien also used several forms to express “on us”: dative men >> ómen >> (locative) ómesse.
Element in
Variations
- {A} Heru {le·ana >> ocama >> ócama >>} órava {men >> ómen >>} omesse ✧ VT44/12
-tar
king
-tar or tar-, element meaning "king" or "queen" in compounds and names (TĀ/TA3), e.g. Valatar; compare the independent nouns tár, tári. Prefix Tar- especially in the names of the Kings and Queens of Númenor (e.g. Tar-Amandil); see their individual names (like Amandil in this case), cf. also Tar-Mairon "King Excellent", title used by Sauron (PE17:183). Also in Tareldar "High-elves"; see also Tarmenel.
Ara-
noble
Ara-, ar- a prefixed form of the stem Ara- "noble" (PM:344). In the masc. names Aracáno "high chieftain", mothername (amilessë, q.v.) of Fingolfin (PM:360, cf. 344), Arafinwë "Finarfin" (MR:230)
aran
king
aran noun "king"; pl. arani (WJ:369, VT45:16, PE17:186); gen.pl. aranion "of kings" in asëa aranion, q.v.; aranya "my king" (aran + nya) (UT:193). Aran Meletyalda "king your mighty" = "your majesty" (WJ:369); aran Ondórëo, "a king of Gondor" (VT49:27). Also in arandil "king's friend, royalist", arandur "king's servant, minister" (Letters:386); Arantar masc. name, "King-Lord" (Appendix A); Arandor "Kingsland" region in Númenor (UT:165); the long form Arandórë appears as a name of Arnor in PE17:28 (elsewhere Arnanórë, q.v.) Othercompounds ingaran, Noldóran, Núaran, q.v.
aran
noun. king
Cognates
- S. aran “king, lord, chief, (lit.) high or noble person, king, lord, chief, (lit.) high or noble person; [N.] lord (of a specific region)” ✧ PE17/147
Derivations
Element in
- Q. arandil “king’s friend, royalist”
- Q. arandur “minister, steward, (lit.) king’s servant”
- Q. aranel “princess”
- Q. aranië “kingdom”
- Q. aran Lestanórëo “King of Doriath” ✧ WJ/369
- Q. aran linta ciryalion “*king of swift ships” ✧ PE17/147
- Q. aran linta ciryalíva “*king of swift ships” ✧ PE17/147
- Q. Aran Meletyalda “king your mighty” ✧ WJ/369
- Q. Aranórë “Kingsland”
- Q. Arantar “*High King”
- ᴺQ. arantyalmë “chess, (lit.) king-game”
- Q. aranus(së) “kingship”
- Q. Aranwë “*King-person”
- Q. aranya “*royal”
- Q. asëa aranion “kingsfoil, asëa of the Kings” ✧ LotR/0864; PE17/049; PE17/100
- Q. Ciriáran “Mariner King, *(lit.) Ship King”
- Q. Elwë, aran Sindaron “Elwe, King of the Sindar” ✧ WJ/369
- Q. i arani Eldaive “The kings of the Eldar” ✧ WJ/369
- Q. i arani Eldaron “The kings of the Eldar” ✧ WJ/369
- Q. ingaran “high-king”
- Q. Noldóran “King of the Ñoldor”
- Q. savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo “I believe that E[lessar] really existed and that he was a King of Gondor” ✧ PE22/158; VT49/27
- ᴺQ. tararan “emperor, (lit.) high-king”
- Q.
Aran Endór“King of Middle-earth” ✧ MR/121 (Aran Endór)Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √ARA > aran [aran] ✧ PE17/118 √ARAN > aran [aran] ✧ PE17/147 Variations
- Aran ✧ MR/121 (
Aran); PE17/147; WJ/369; WJ/369; WJ/369
tár
king
tár noun "king" (only used of the legitimate kings of whole tribes); the pl. tári "kings" must not be confused with the sg. tári "queen" (TĀ/TA3). Prefix tar-, compare -tar above. The normal Quenya word for "king" is aran, but compare Tarumbar.
túr
king
túr, tur noun "king" (PE16:138, LT1:260); rather aran in LotR-style Quenya, but cf. the verb tur-. Also compare the final element -tur, -ntur "lord" in names like Axantur, Falastur, Fëanturi, Vëantur (q.v.)
#turco
chief
#turco (1) noun "chief" (isolated from Turcomund "chief bull", Letters:423). Turco, masc. name, see Turcafinwë.
arato
noble
arato noun "a noble" (PE17:147), in PE17:118 given as aratō and there glossed "lord" (often = "king"). Cf. aráto. The form cited in the latter source, aratō with a long final vowel, is evidently very archaic (compare Enderō under Ender); later the vowel would become short. (PE17:118)
arquen
noble
arquen noun "a noble" (WJ:372), "knight" (PE17:147)
cundu
prince
†cundu ("k")noun "prince" (KUNDŪ; the "†_" indicating that this word is poetic or archaic was omitted in the Etymologies as printed in LR; see VT45:24)._ Cf. condo.
haran
king, chieftain
haran (#harn-, as in pl. harni) noun "king, chieftain" (3AR, TĀ/TA3, VT45:17; for "king", the word aran is to be preferred in LotR-style Quenya). In a deleted entry in the Etymologies, haran was glossed "chief" (VT45:17)
héra
chief, principal
héra adj. "chief, principal" (KHER)
taran
king
taran (1) noun "king", possibly ephemeral variant of aran, q.v. (PE17:186)
turco
noun. chief
Derivations
- √TUR “dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power, dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power; [ᴹ√] victory; [ᴱ√] am strong”
Element in
- S. Turcomund “Chief of Bulls” ✧ Let/423
Variations
- Turco ✧ Let/423 (Turco)
turu-
master, defeat, have victory over
turu- (1) vb. "master, defeat, have victory over" (PE17:113, not clearly said to be Quenya, but the Q name Turucundo "Victory-prince" is listed immediately afterwards). Compare tur-; cf. also *turúna.
aráto
champion, eminent man
aráto noun "champion, eminent man" (SA:ar(a) )
aráto
noun. champion, eminent man, noble, lord, king
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶árātō > aratō [arātō] > [aratō] > [arato] ✧ PE17/118 √ARAT > arato [arato] ✧ PE17/147 √arat- > aráto [arā́to] ✧ SA/ar(a) Variations
- aratō ✧ PE17/118
- arato ✧ PE17/147
Núaran
west-king
Núaran noun "West-king"; Núaran Númenoren "West-king of Númenor"; changed (according to LR:71) to Núraran Númenen, *"West-king of the West" (all of this is "Qenya" with genitive in -n instead of -o, as in Tolkien's later Quenya) (LR:60)
Ingwë
chief
Ingwë masc. name, "chief", name of the "prince of Elves" _(PM:340, ING, WEG, VT45:18). Pl. Ingwer "Chieftains", what the Vanyar called themselves (so in PM:340, but in PM:332 the plural has the more regular form Ingwi). Ingwë Ingweron "chief of the chieftains", proper title of Ingwë as high king (PM:340)_. In the Etymologies, Ingwë is also said to be the name of a symbol used in writing: a short carrier with an i-tehta above it, denoting short i (VT45:18).
ingwë
masculine name. Chief
Lord of the first tribe of the Elves and the high king of Elvenkind (S/52, 62). His name is ancient and its original meaning is unclear, but it is sometimes translated as “Chief”, and is interpreted as a combination of the root √ING “first, foremost” and the suffix -wë common in ancient names (PM/340).
Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this character was first named ᴱQ. Ing, but this was soon changed to ᴱQ. Inwe (LT1/22). The form become ᴹQ. Ingwe in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/13, LR/214), and the derivation for Ingwë discussed above had already emerged in The Etymologies (Ety/ING, WEG).
Element in
- Q. Ingwë Ingweron “Chief of the Chieftains” ✧ PM/340
- Q. Ingwemar “*Ingwë Home”
- Q. Ingwi “People of Ingwë, Chieftains”
- Q. Ingwion “Son of Ingwë”
Elements
Word Gloss ING “highest, top, highest, top; [ᴹ√] first, foremost” -wë “ancient name suffix (usually but not always masculine)”
herunauco
9V7J5.DaH noun. dwarf-lord, dwarven lord
eldatár
`Vm#1~C6 noun. elf-king, elfking, elven-king
hér noun "lord" (VT41:9), also heru, q.v.