Aino

god

Aino noun "god", within Tolkien's mythos a synonym of Ainu (but since Aino is basically only a personalized form of aina "holy", hence "holy one", it could be used as a general word for "god") (PE15:72)

vanya-

go, depart, disappear

vanya- (2) vb. "go, depart, disappear", pa.t. vannë (WAN). The verb auta- may have replaced this word in Tolkien's later conception.

men-

go

#men- (4) vb. "go" (VT47:11, cf. VT42:30, VT49:23), attested in the aorist (menë) in the sentence imbi Menel Cemenyë menë Ráno tië "between Heaven and Earth goes the path of the Moon". In the verb nanwen- "return" (or go/come back), -men- is changed to -wen- following nan- "back" (etymological form cited as nan-men-, PE17:166). In examples from VT49:23, 24, Tolkien used men- in the sense of "go as far as": 1st person sg. aorist menin (menin coaryanna "I arrive at [or come/get to] his house"), endingless aorist menë, present tense ména- "is on point of arrival, is just coming to an end", past tense mennë "arrived, reached", in this tense usually with locative rather than allative (mennen sís "I arrive[d] here"), perfect eménië "has just arrived", future menuva "will arrive". All of these examples were first written with the verb as ten- rather than men-, Tolkien then emending the initial consonant.

lelya-

go, proceed (in any direction), travel

lelya- (1) vb. "go, proceed (in any direction), travel", pa.t. lendë / elendë (WJ:363, VT14:5, PE17:139) At one point Tolkien assigned a more specific meaning to the underlying root LED: "go away from the speaker or the point in mind, depart" (PE17:52), which would make lelya- a near synonym of auta-. The same source denies that the derivatives of _LED _were used simply for "go, move, travel", but elsewhere Tolkien assigns precisely that meaning to lelya-.

lenna-

go

lenna- vb. "go", pa.t. lendë "went" (LED; cf. lelya-). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word lenna- wrongly appears as **linna-; see VT45:27.

aino

noun. god

Cognates

• ᴺS. aenor “god”

Derivations

• √AYA(N) “blessed; treat with awe/reverence, blessed; treat with awe/reverence; [ᴱ√] honour, revere”

Element in

• ᴺQ. ainocimië “reverence, piety, godliness”
• ᴺQ. ainocimya “reverent, pious”
• ᴺQ. ainolóra “godless”
• ᴺQ. ainolórië “godlessness”

Elements

Word	Gloss
aina	“holy, revered, numinous, holy, revered, numinous, *divine, [ᴱQ.] worshipful”

bauda-

verb. ban

v. ban, prohibit, refuse.

pand

noun. courtyard

boda-

verb. to ban, prohibit

boda-

verb. to ban, prohibit, refuse, forbid

Derivations

• √BĀ/ABA “refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), [ᴹ√] deny; away, go away, depart” ✧ PE17/143
• ✶bāta- “to ban, prohibit, refuse, forbid” ✧ PE22/161; WJ/372
  • √BĀ/ABA “refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), [ᴹ√] deny; away, go away, depart” ✧ PE22/161

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√BĀ > bauda-	[bāta-] > [bǭta-] > [bauta-] > [bauda-]	✧ PE17/143
✶bā-ta > boda-	[bāta-] > [bǭta-] > [bauta-] > [bauda-] > [boda-]	✧ WJ/372

Variations

• bauda- ✧ PE17/143
• boda ✧ PE22/161

bauda-

verb. to ban, prohibit, refuse

govad-

verb. to meet

Eru

god

(the One) #Eru, isolated from Eruchín** **"children of the One" (= Elves and Men; sg. *Eruchen).

eru

noun. God

Cognates

• Q. Eru “The One, God”

eru

god

isolated from Eruchín "children of the One" (= Elves and Men; sg. ✱Eruchen).

boda

ban

(i voda, i modar) (prohibit)

boda

ban

(vb.) boda- (i voda, i modar) (prohibit)

bad

go

#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

bad

go

(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

pand

courtyard

pand (i band, o phand, construct pan), pl. paind (i phaind), coll. pl. pannath

pand

noun. courtyard

pand

courtyard

(i band, o phand, construct pan), pl. paind (i phaind), coll. pl. pannath

aenor

noun. god

A neologism for “a god” opposed to “God” (Eru), based on Gnomish ain. A direct adaptation of the Gnomish form would be aen, but that conflicts with aen “should be”; Fiona Jallings suggested the extended form aenor in a Discord chat in August 2019.

Cognates

• ᴺQ. aino “god”

Derivations

• √AYA(N) “blessed; treat with awe/reverence, blessed; treat with awe/reverence; [ᴱ√] honour, revere”

govad

meet

*govad- (i **ovad, i ngevedir = i ñevedir), pa.t. govant, past participle govannen** ”met”. (The latter is the only attested form.)

govad

meet

(i ’ovad, i ngevedir = i ñevedir), pa.t. govant, past participle govannen ”met”. (The latter is the only attested form.)

ban

root. beauty (due to lack of fault or blemish); fair, beautiful

The root √BAN (or some variant) was connected to beauty for most of Tolkien’s life. One notable derivative was the name of the Valie Vána. In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien gave this root as ᴱ√VANA (unglossed) with derivatives like ᴱQ. vane “fair, lovely” and ᴱQ. vanesse “beauty”, but also ᴱQ. Vanar as another name for the Valar (QL/99). The Gnomish words had distinct forms like G. Ban “Vala” (GL/18) vs. G. gwant “beautiful” (GL/44). Thus it seems that ᴱ√VANA in the 1910s is actually a blending of two roots, ✱ᴱ√BANA (or ᴱ√ɃANA) “divine” vs. ✱ᴱ√WANA “beautiful”. This second variant reappeared much later in the 1959 root √(G)WAN “fair, pale” (PE17/154; WJ/383); see below.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave this root as ᴹ√BAN and it seems at this stage it was associated exclusively with beauty, given derivatives like ᴹQ. vanya and N. bein “beautiful, fair” (Ety/BAN). These words survived into later iterations of the languages as Q. vanya and S. bain (PE17/150). The root √BAN reappeared with these derivatives in several etymological notes written around 1959 (PE17/149-150, 165).

In these 1959 notes, Tolkien first connected √BAN to “fair” as it was in the 1930s (PE17/149), but reversed himself, noting “VAN cannot only = fair (blonde), since vanima is applied in LR to Arwen who was like Lúthien dark” (PE17/165). This prompted Tolkien to reintroduce the root √(G)WAN “fair”, as noted above, limiting √BAN to “beauty” only. He then refined its meaning, saying “√BAN ... appears originally to have referred simply to ‘beauty’, but with implication that it was due to lack of fault or blemish” (PE17/150). The root applied to Vána because she was perfect and unmarred in her beauty.

Derivatives

• ✶banya “beautiful” ✧ PE17/165
  • Q. Vanya “Fair Elves, the Fair” ✧ PM/402
  • T. Vania “Vanya” ✧ WJ/383
  • Q. vanya “fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden), fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden); [ᴱQ.] good (not evil), holy” ✧ PE17/165
  • S. bain “fair, beautiful; good, wholesome, favorable; fair-haired, beautiful; good, wholesome, favorable; fair, fair-haired” ✧ PE17/165
• Q. Vána “Ever-young, *(lit.) Beauty” ✧ PE17/149; PE17/150
• Q. vanë “fair, fair, [ᴱQ.] lovely” ✧ PE17/056
• Q. vanima “beautiful, fair, beautiful, fair, *handsome; [ᴱQ.] proper, right, as it should be, fair” ✧ PE17/149; PE17/150; PE17/165
• ᴺQ. vanita- “to grow/become fair; to beautify, make fair/beautiful”
• Q. vanya “fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden), fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden); [ᴱQ.] good (not evil), holy” ✧ PE17/056; PE17/149; PE17/150
• S. bain “fair, beautiful; good, wholesome, favorable; fair-haired, beautiful; good, wholesome, favorable; fair, fair-haired” ✧ PE17/150

Variations

• VAN ✧ PE17/146
• ɃAN ✧ PE17/149 (ɃAN)

ba(n)

root. meet, come up against; go (away), meet, come up against; go, [ᴹ√] proceed

A root meaning “go, proceed” appearing as one of the many etymologies of Q. vanwa “gone, departed”. It may have been a partial restoration of the (rejected) meaning of the root ᴹ√AB “go away, depart” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, a root that later was altered in that document to mean “refuse, deny, say no” (Ety/AB). It may also have been intended as a replacement for ᴹ√WAN “depart, go away, disappear, vanish”, also from The Etymologies and the basis for ᴹQ. vanwa in the 1930s.

In the published corpus, the first clear mention of this root is in a discussion of the Quenya future suffix -(u)va from the late 1940s where it was given as √BĀ, BANA “go, proceed” with Q. vanwa “gone, over” as one of its derivatives (PE22/97). It appeared again in a discussion of the Sindarin greeting mae govannen “well met” from the late 1950s, where Tolkien hypothesized that the verb “meet” might be go- “together” + ban- “go” or “meet”, which he again connected to Q. vanwa “gone” (PE17/16). Phonetic complications prompted Tolkien to coin a new verb covad- “assemble, gather together” from a root √KOB, but he was unwilling to commit at this time to the new verb because of the obvious similarity of govannen to √BAN “go” (PE17/16-17).

However, in 1959 when he was overhauling the Eldarin system of negation, it seems Tolkien finally rejected √BA(N) “go” because of the conflict with √BĀ/ABA “refuse”, and he transferred the sense “go” to the root √MEN (PE17/143). In etymological notes contemporaneous with the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, Tolkien restored √KOB “gather” (PE17/150) though he seems to have eventually settled on the form √KOM for this root along with a restored verb S. covad- “bring together, make meet” (PE17/157-158). Q. vanwa “gone” was also transferred to √WĀ/AWA by the time of the Quendi and Eldar essay (WJ/366). Meanwhile, the Quenya future had been transferred from √BA to the root √UB in the early 1950s (PE22/132).

This left no remaining functions for √BA(N) “go”, and there is no further sign of it starting in the 1960s.

Changes

• BA(N) → MEN “go” ✧ PE17/143
• ba(n) → men “go” ✧ VT42/32

Derivatives

• Q. vanwa “gone, lost, departed, vanished, past, over, no longer to be had, passed away, dead, gone, lost, departed, vanished, past, over, no longer to be had, passed away, dead, [ᴹQ.] gone for good; [ᴱQ.] on the road” ✧ PE17/016
• S. ban- “?to go” ✧ PE17/016

Variations

• ABA/BA ✧ PE17/016 (ABA/BA)
• BAN ✧ PE17/016; PE17/150
• ba(n) ✧ VT42/32 (ba(n))

bāta-

verb. to ban, prohibit, refuse, forbid

Derivations

• √BĀ/ABA “refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), [ᴹ√] deny; away, go away, depart” ✧ PE22/161

Derivatives

• S. boda- “to ban, prohibit, refuse, forbid” ✧ PE22/161; WJ/372

Variations

• bā-ta ✧ WJ/372

pann

noun. courtyard

pann

noun. courtyard

A noun appearing as N. pann “courtyard” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√PAD, a cognate to ᴹQ. panda “enclosure” (Ety/PAD).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. paga “court, paved floor” derived from the early root ᴱ√PAKA having to do with pavement (GL/63).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin the word pann is often adapted as ᴺS. pand “courtyard” as suggested in HSD (HSD), in keeping with the principle that “nd became nn usually ... but remained nd at the end of fully accented monosyllables” (LotR/1115).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. panda “enclosure” ✧ Ety/PAD

Derivations

• ᴹ√PAD “*enclosure” ✧ Ety/PAD

Element in

• N. cirban “haven” ✧ Ety/PAD

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√PAD > pann	[panda] > [pand] > [pann]	✧ Ety/PAD

Variations

• pann ✧ Ety/PAD