Quenya 

wán

goose

wán > ván noun "goose" (WA-N).

ván

goose

ván noun "goose"; pl. váni given (WA-N). Older wán.

fána

white

fána, fánë (1) adj. "white" (Markirya - fánë as a sg. form in may be a misreading). Compare fanya.

fána

adjective. white, white; [ᴹQ.] cloud

@@@ as suggested by Helge Fauskanger, the form fánë “white” in the Markirya poem may be a slip or misreading

Element in

Variations

  • fáne ✧ MC/221; MC/222
Quenya [MC/221; MC/222] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fánë

adjective. white

laiwa

sick, sickly, ill

laiwa adj. "sick, sickly, ill" (SLIW, VT45:28). Since Tolkien eventually decided that roots in sl- yield Quenya words in hl- (though this was pronounced l- in late Exilic Quenya), it may be that the spelling *hlaiwa is to be preferred.

malwa

fallow, pale

malwa adj. "fallow, pale" (SMAL)

malina

yellow

malina adj. "yellow" (SMAL, Letters:308), "yellow, of golden colour" (PE17:51). Malinalda *"Yellow-tree", a name of Laurelin (SA:mal-; evidently malina + alda), translated "Tree of Gold" in the Silmarillion index. Cf. also malinornë.

av-

depart

#av- vb. "depart" (cited in the form avin "he departs", read "I depart" in LotR-style Quenya), pa.t. ambë (QL:33). The word may perhaps be used to translate "leave" with a direct object, since "depart" is at least vaguely transitive in English.

isca

pale

isca ("k") adj."pale" (LT1:256)

luina

pale

[luina] adj. "pale" (VT45:30)

nívë

pale

nívë adj."pale" (MC:213; this is "Qenya" Tolkien's later Quenya has néca)

malda

yellow, of golden colour

malda adj. "yellow, of golden colour" (PE17:51), variant of malina. An earlier source (the Etymologies, entry SMAL) has malda as the noun "gold" but LotR gives malta, q.v., and according to VT46:14 the form malta originally appeared in the Etymologies as well. Since Quenya sometimes uses adjectives as nouns (see for instance fanya), malda could still be regarded as a valid side-form of the noun malta "gold".

marya

pale, fallow, fawn

marya adj. "pale, fallow, fawn" (MAD)

néca

pale, vague, faint, dim to see

néca ("k") adj "pale, vague, faint, dim to see", pl. nécë ("k") in Markirya

tulca

yellow

tulca (3) ("k") adj. "yellow". Adopted and adapted from Valarin; the normal Quenya word for "yellow" is rather malina (WJ:399)

ninquë

white, chill, cold, palid

ninquë adj. "white, chill, cold, palid" (WJ:417, SA:nim, PE17:168, NIK-W - spelt "ninqe" in Etym and in LT1:266, MC:213, MC:220, GL:60), pl. ninqui in Markirya. Compounded in Ninquelótë noun "White-Flower" (SA:nim), = Sindarin Nimloth, the White Tree of Númenor; ninqueruvissë ("q") "white-horse-on" _(MC:216; this is "Qenya", read _ninqueroccossë or *ninquiroccossë in LotR-style Quenya). Normally ninquë would be expected to have the stem-form ninqui-, given the primitive form ¤ninkwi; Ninquelótë rather than *Ninquilótë must be seen as an analogical form.

quámëa

sick

quámëa ("q")adj. "sick" (evidently = nauseous, cf. quámë and the verb quama-) (QL:76)

Sindarin 

gwân

adjective. pale, fair

Cognates

  • Q. vanya “fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden), fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden); [ᴱQ.] good (not evil), holy” ✧ PE17/165

Derivations

  • √(G)WAN “pale, fair” ✧ PE17/165

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√GWAN > gwân[gwana] > [gwan] > [gwān]✧ PE17/165
Sindarin [PE17/165] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fain

noun/adjective. white

Sindarin [Ety/387, WR/288, RC/268, VT/46:15, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fain

noun/adjective. cloud

Sindarin [Ety/387, WR/288, RC/268, VT/46:15, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

glân

adjective. white, [bright shining] white; [N.] clear; [G.] pure, †bright; [ᴱN.] clean

Derivations

Element in

nim

white

_adj. _white. >> Nimbrethil

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:19] < T. _nimbi _white. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

nim

white

_adj. _white (usual word). >> nimp, nimras

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:168] < _nimbĭ _< _nimpĭ_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

nim

adjective. white

Cognates

  • Q. ninquë “white; chill, cold; pallid” ✧ SA/nim

Derivations

  • At. nimbi “white” ✧ PE17/019
    • ✶ninkwi “white, pale”
    • √NIK(W) “(also of) snow, ice, snow, ice; *white” ✧ PE17/168
  • ✶ninkwi “white, pale” ✧ PE17/168
    • √NIK(W) “(also of) snow, ice, snow, ice; *white” ✧ PE17/168
  • S. nimp “pale, pallid, white, pale, pallid, white; small and frail, [ᴱN.] wan, sickly” ✧ SA/nim
    • √NIK(W) “(also of) snow, ice, snow, ice; *white” ✧ PE17/168
    • ✶nimpĭ “small” ✧ VT48/18
    • √NIP “small (usually with connotation of weakness)” ✧ VT48/18

Element in

  • S. Barad Nimras “White Horn Tower” ✧ SA/nim
  • S. Ered Nimrais “White Mountains, (lit.) White-horns Mountains” ✧ SA/nim
  • S. Nimbrethil “Silver-birches” ✧ PE17/019; PE17/019; SA/nim
  • S. Nimloth “White Blossom, Pale Blossom” ✧ SA/nim
  • S. Nimras “White Horn” ✧ PE17/168
  • S. Nimrodel “Lady of the White Cave”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
At. nimbi > nim[nimbi] > [nimbe] > [nimb] > [nimm] > [nimm] > [nim]✧ PE17/019
Sindarin [PE17/019; PE17/168; SA/nim] Group: Eldamo. Published by

malu

adjective. fallow, pale

Sindarin [Ety/386, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nimp

adjective. pale

adj. pale, pallid. nimp << nim (PE17:168). >> niphred

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:55:168] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

silivren

adjective. (white) glittering

Sindarin [LotR/II:I, RGEO/72] silif+-ren. Group: SINDICT. Published by

uilos

noun/adjective. always white, ever white as snow

Sindarin [RGEO/74, Letters/278, UT/55] ui- + loss "everlasting snow, ever (white as) snow. Group: SINDICT. Published by

uilos

noun/adjective. a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë or "evermind"

Sindarin [RGEO/74, Letters/278, UT/55] ui- + loss "everlasting snow, ever (white as) snow. Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwaun

goose

gwaun (i **waun), pl. goen (i ngoen = i ñoen). Coll. pl. ?gonath. In ”Noldorin”, the pl. form was guin**.

gwaun

goose

(i ’waun), pl. goen (i ngoen = i ñoen). Coll. pl. ?gonath. – In ”Noldorin”, the pl. form was guin.

gwanna

depart

gwanna- (i **wanna, in gwannar**) (die)

gwanna

depart

(i ’wanna, in gwannar) (die)

faen

white

(radiant). No distinct pl. form.

fain

white

; no distinct pl. form.

baran

yellow brown

(swart, dark brown, golden-brown), pl. berain.

gwind

pale blue

(lenited ’wind; no distinct pl. form).

malen

yellow

malen (lenited valen; pl. melin).

malen

yellow

(lenited valen; pl. melin).

glân

white

1) glân (clear), lenited lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”. 2) nimp (nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form. 3) faen (radiant). No distinct pl. form. 4) fain; no distinct pl. form.

glân

white

(clear), lenited ’lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”.

gloss

white as snow, dazzling white

(in compounds -los), lenited ’loss; pl. glyss.

gael

pale

(glittering), lenited ’ael; no distinct pl. form.

maidh

pale

1) maidh (lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn), 2) nimp (nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form, 3) thind (grey); no distinct pl. form; 4) gael (glittering), lenited ael; no distinct pl. form. 5) *malu (lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).

maidh

pale

(lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn)

malu

pale

(lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).

malu

fallow

1) *malu (lenited valu; analogical pl. mely) (pale). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL). 2) maidh (lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (pale, fawn)

malu

fallow

(lenited valu; analogical pl. mely) (pale). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).

nimp

white

(nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form.

nimp

pale

(nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form

thind

pale

(grey); no distinct pl. form

maidh

fallow

(lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (pale, fawn)

mâl

yellow powder

(i vâl; construct mal) (pollen), pl. mail or archaic mely (i mail, i mely). Older pl. meil (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).

silivren

glittering white

(lenited hilivren; pl. *silivrin**). *Verb

elu

pale blue

(analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?).

mith

pale grey

(lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.

Telerin 

nimbi

adjective. white

Derivations

  • At. nimbi “white”
    • ✶ninkwi “white, pale”
    • √NIK(W) “(also of) snow, ice, snow, ice; *white” ✧ PE17/168
Telerin [PE17/019; PE17/049] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nimbi

adjective. white

About Nimrodel: "Nim is evidently the Telerin word nimbi 'white'." >> Nimrais >> Nimrodel

Telerin [PE17/49] Published by

Quendya 

tulka

adjective. yellow

Derivations

Nandorin 

lygn

adjective. pale

Primitive form given as lugni "blue", sc. the stem LUG1 (LR:370, not defined) with an ending -ni not otherwise attested, though -i is an ending found on many primitive colour-adjectives. The ending _-i _causes umlaut u > y; compare yrc as the plural of urc "Orc". That a short original final -i is capable of causing such an umlaut at the Common Eldarin stage is somewhat surprising, since Primitive Quendian lugni should have become *lugne at this stage, and final e would hardly cause umlaut. Perhaps we are to understand that the change of final i to Common Eldarin e happened relatively late, after the Eldar had crossed the Hihtaeglir and parted with the Nandor?

Nandorin [H. Fauskanger (LR:370)] < LUG. Published by

Primitive elvish

wan

root. WAN

(g)wan

root. pale, fair

A root appearing several times in notes written on or shortly before 1960 with a general meaning “pale, fair” (PE17/150, 154, 165, 189; WJ/383), as opposed to √BAN which was simply “beautiful”. It seems Tolkien introduced this root when he realized that “VAN cannot only = fair (blonde), since vanima is applied in LR to Arwen who was like Lúthien dark” (PE17/165). In the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 he used this root for a new etymology for the tribal name of the Vanyar referring to their fair, blond hair.

This root appeared as √GWAN, √WAN and √GWAY, though the note where the last of these appeared was marked through (PE17/154). With √GWAN the root would merge with √BAN in both Quenya and Sindarin: Q. vanya and S. bain “fair and beautiful” (PE17/154). But with √WAN the two would remain distinct in Sindarin, as in bain “beautiful” vs. gwain “fair haired” (PE17/150). I find the second paradigm more interesting, and thus recommend assuming the ancient root was √WAN for the purposes of Neo-Eldarin.

This root might be a restoration of an earlier separation of ᴱ√ɃANA versus ᴱ√WANA in the Elvish languages as Tolkien conceived of them in the 1910s, though the semantic divisions in the earlier conception were not the same. See the entry on √BAN for further discussion.

Derivatives

  • ✶wanya “fair-haired (yellow to golden)” ✧ PE17/150
    • Q. vanya “fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden), fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden); [ᴱQ.] good (not evil), holy” ✧ PE17/150; PE17/150
    • S. gwain “blond” ✧ PE17/150
  • ✶wanyā “fair” ✧ WJ/383
    • Q. Vanya “Fair Elves, the Fair” ✧ WJ/380; WJ/383
    • T. Vania “Vanya” ✧ WJ/383
  • ᴺQ. vaina “blonde, fair of hair”
  • Q. Vána “Ever-young, *(lit.) Beauty” ✧ WJ/383
  • Q. vanya “fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden), fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden); [ᴱQ.] good (not evil), holy” ✧ PE17/154; PE17/165
  • S. bain “fair, beautiful; good, wholesome, favorable; fair-haired, beautiful; good, wholesome, favorable; fair, fair-haired” ✧ PE17/154
  • S. gwân “pale, fair” ✧ PE17/165

Variations

  • WAN ✧ PE17/150; PE17/189; WJ/383
  • GWAN ✧ PE17/154 (GWAN); PE17/154; PE17/165 (GWAN)
Primitive elvish [PE17/150; PE17/154; PE17/165; PE17/189; WJ/383] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

gwaun

noun. goose

Noldorin [Ety/397, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwaun

noun. goose

A noun for “goose” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶wān under the root ᴹ√WĀ “blow” (Ety/WĀ), where ancient ā became au. It had a Noldorin plural form of guin, but if adapted to (Neo) Sindarin its plural would be gwoen: compare Sindarin plural S. noeg of naug “dwarf” (UT/100) vs. its Noldorin plural N. nuig (EtyAC/NAUK).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. ván “goose” ✧ Ety/WA-N

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶wān “goose” ✧ Ety/WA-N
    • ᴹ√WĀ “blow”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶WĀ-N > gwaun[wān] > [wǭn] > [woun] > [gwoun] > [gwaun]✧ Ety/WA-N
ᴹ✶WĀ-N > guin[wāni] > [wǭni] > [wouni] > [gwouni] > [gwauni] > [gwuin] > [guin]✧ Ety/WA-N
Noldorin [Ety/WA-N] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwanna-

verb. to depart, die

Noldorin [Ety/397] Group: SINDICT. Published by

malen

adjective. yellow

Noldorin [Ety/386] Group: SINDICT. Published by

malen

adjective. yellow, yellow, [ᴱN.] yellowish, pale, wan, sickly

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. malina “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Derivations

  • On. malina “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • ᴹ✶smalinā “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Element in

  • ᴺS. melillin “daffodil, (orig.) yellow song”
  • ᴺS. melingarn “orange, tawny”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. malina > malen[m̥alina] > [m̥alena] > [m̥alen] > [malen]✧ Ety/SMAL
On. malina > melin[m̥alini] > [m̥elini] > [m̥elin] > [melin]✧ Ety/SMAL
Noldorin [Ety/SMAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

brassen

adjective. white-hot

Noldorin [Ety/351] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fein

noun/adjective. white

Noldorin [Ety/387, WR/288, RC/268, VT/46:15, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fein

noun/adjective. cloud

Noldorin [Ety/387, WR/288, RC/268, VT/46:15, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gael

adjective. pale, glimmering

Noldorin [Ety/358] Group: SINDICT. Published by

malw

adjective. fallow, pale

Noldorin [Ety/386, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nim-

adjective. pale, white

Noldorin [Ety/378] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nimp

adjective. pale, white

Noldorin [Ety/378] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nimp

adjective. pale

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. ninqe “white” ✧ Ety/NIK-W

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NIK(W) “*snow; white” ✧ Ety/NIK-W

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NIK-W > nimp[niŋkwi] > [niŋkwe] > [nimpe] > [nimpʰe] > [nimɸe] > [nimfe] > [nimf] > [nimp] > [nimp]✧ Ety/NIK-W
Noldorin [Ety/NIK-W] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hmalw

adjective. fallow, pale

Changes

  • malw → hmalw “fallow, pale” ✧ EtyAC/SMAL

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. malwa “fallow, pale, fallow, pale, [ᴱQ.] yellowish, *wan” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶smalwā “fallow, pale” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶smalwā > hmalw[smalwā] > [smalwa] > [m̥alwa] > [m̥alw] > [m̥alu]✧ Ety/SMAL

Variations

  • malw ✧ Ety/SMAL
Noldorin [Ety/SMAL; EtyAC/SMAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maidh

adjective. pale, fallow, fawn

Noldorin [Ety/371, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

meidh

adjective. pale, fallow, fawn

Noldorin [Ety/371, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Ancient telerin

nimbi

adjective. white

Derivations

  • ✶ninkwi “white, pale”
    • √NIK(W) “(also of) snow, ice, snow, ice; *white” ✧ PE17/168

Derivatives

  • S. nim “white” ✧ PE17/019
  • T. nimbi “white”

Element in

  • S. Nimrodel “Lady of the White Cave” ✧ PE17/049
Ancient telerin [PE17/019; PE17/049] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Valarin 

tuluk-ha(n)

adjective. yellow

Derivatives

  • Van. tulka “yellow” ✧ WJ/399

Element in

Qenya 

ván

noun. goose

A noun for “goose” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶wān under the root ᴹ√WĀ “blow” (Ety/WĀ).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s the words for “goose” was ᴱQ. ẏanwa (QL/105).

Cognates

  • N. gwaun “goose” ✧ Ety/WA-N

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶wān “goose” ✧ Ety/WA-N
    • ᴹ√WĀ “blow”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶WĀ-N > wān > vān[wān] > [vān]✧ Ety/WA-N

Variations

  • vān ✧ Ety/WA-N

malwa

adjective. fallow, pale, fallow, pale, [ᴱQ.] yellowish, *wan

Cognates

  • N. hmalw “fallow, pale” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶smalwā “fallow, pale” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶smalwā > malwa[smalwā] > [m̥alwā] > [malwā] > [malwa]✧ Ety/SMAL
Qenya [Ety/SMAL; PE22/014] Group: Eldamo. Published by

malina

adjective. yellow

Cognates

  • On. malina “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL
  • N. malen “yellow, yellow, [ᴱN.] yellowish, pale, wan, sickly” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶smalinā “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶smalinā > malina[malinā] > [m̥alina] > [malina] > [malina]✧ Ety/SMAL

luina

adjective. pale

Cognates

  • Ilk. lûn “pale” ✧ EtyAC/LUY

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LUG “*blue” ✧ EtyAC/LUY

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LUY > luina[luina]✧ EtyAC/LUY

ninqe

adjective. white

Cognates

  • N. nimp “pale” ✧ Ety/NIK-W

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶ninkwi “white, pale” ✧ Ety/NIK-W
    • ᴹ√NIK(W) “*snow; white” ✧ Ety/NIK-W

Element in

  • ᴹQ. nieninqe “snowdrop, (lit.) white tear” ✧ Ety/NIK-W
  • ᴹQ. Ninqendi “White-elves”
  • ᴹQ. ninqeri “*white (female thing or personification)” ✧ PE21/15
  • ᴹQ. ninqeru “white man, white male swan, white ship, white (male thing or personification)” ✧ PE21/15
  • ᴹQ. ninqisse “whiteness” ✧ Ety/NIK-W
  • ᴹQ. Ninqelóte “Pale Blossom”
  • ᴹQ. ninqita- “to whiten, make white; to shine white” ✧ Ety/NIK-W; Ety/NIK-W
  • ᴹQ. Taniqetil “High White Horn” ✧ Ety/NIK-W

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶ninkwi > ninqe[niŋkwi] > [niŋkwe]✧ Ety/NIK-W
Qenya [Ety/NIK-W; PE21/15] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

lûn

adjective. pale

A Doriathrin adjective for “pale” derived from primitive ᴹ✶lugni, a revision of the form luin that appeared in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (Ety/LUG², EtyAC/LUG²). The revision of [ui] >> [ū] probably reflects Tolkien’s vacillation on how primitive [[ilk|[g] vocalized before [m], [n]]] in Ilkorin. The earlier form of this word might an element in the name Draugluin “Werewolf” (LR/134), which in earlier writings was glossed “Werewolf Pale” (LB/205). The early Noldorin word ᴱN. lhui “pale” might be a precursor to it (PE13/149).

Changes

  • luin → lūn “pale” ✧ EtyAC/LUG²

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. luina “pale” ✧ EtyAC/LUY
  • ᴹQ. lúne “blue, blue, [ᴱQ.] deep blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶lugni “blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²
    • ᴹ√LUG “*blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²
  • ᴹ√LUG “*blue” ✧ EtyAC/LUY

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶lugni > luin[lugni] > [lugne] > [luine] > [luin]✧ Ety/LUG²
ᴹ✶lugni > lūn[lugni] > [lugne] > [lūne] > [lūn]✧ Ety/LUG²

Variations

  • luin ✧ Ety/LUG² (Dor. luin); EtyAC/LUY (Dor. luin)
  • lūn ✧ EtyAC/LUG² (Dor. lūn)
Doriathrin [Ety/LUG²; EtyAC/LUG²; EtyAC/LUY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ossriandric

lygn

adjective. pale

An adjective for “pale” developed from primitive ᴹ✶lugni (Ety/LUG²). It seems that this word underwent [[dan|i-mutation of [u] to [y]]], as in the plural yrc of Dan. urc. However, it is known that [[mp|short final [i] became [e]]] in Common Eldarin, so that ᴹ✶lugni became ᴹ✶lugne before the divergence of these languages, making the i-mutation difficult to explain (as noted by Helge Fauskanger, AL-Nandorin/lygn). One possible explanation is that the short final [ĕ] either [[dan|reverted to [i] or did not change in the first place]] in the Danian branch of Eldarin.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lúne “blue, blue, [ᴱQ.] deep blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶lugni “blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²
    • ᴹ√LUG “*blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶lugni > lygn[lugni] > [lugne] > [lugni] > [lygni] > [lygn]✧ Ety/LUG²
Ossriandric [Ety/LUG²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

malina

adjective. yellow

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. malina “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶smalinā “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Derivatives

  • N. malen “yellow, yellow, [ᴱN.] yellowish, pale, wan, sickly” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶smalinā > malina[smalinā] > [smalina] > [m̥alina]✧ Ety/SMAL
Old Noldorin [Ety/SMAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

wan

root. depart, go away, disappear, vanish

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “depart, go away, disappear, vanish” with derivatives like ᴹQ. vanwa “gone, departed, vanished, lost, past” and N. gwann “departed, dead” (Ety/WAN). It was revised in pencil to ᴹ√VAN. The 1930s root is probably a later iteration of unglossed ᴱ√VAHA in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s which was an elaboration of ᴱ√AVA “go away, depart, leave”, and had derivatives like ᴱQ. vand- “way, path”, ᴱQ. vandl “staff”, and ᴱQ. vanwa “gone, on the road, past, over, lost” (QL/99). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. bâ “away, off”, G. bad- “travel”, and G. bang “staff” (GL/21).

In later writings, Q. vanwa was derived from the invertible root √WĀ/AWA; in the 1930s there is no indication that ᴹ√AWA “away” was invertible, so perhaps inversion √WĀ (WJ/366) can be considered the conceptual descendant of ᴹ√WAN and ᴱ√VAHA. For a time in the 1940s and 1950s, Q. vanwa was derived instead from √BA(N) “go, proceed” (PE22/97; PE17/16), but this root was abandoned in 1959. Thus, perhaps the full evolution was 1910s ᴱ√VAHA >> 1930s ᴹ√WAN >> ᴹ√VAN >> 1940s-50s √BA(N) >> 1960s √WĀ.

Changes

  • WAN → VAN “depart, go away, disappear, vanish” ✧ Ety/WAN

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶wannā “departed, dead” ✧ Ety/WAN
    • N. gwann “departed, dead, dead, (lit.) departed” ✧ Ety/WAN
  • ᴹ✶wanta- “to depart, die” ✧ Ety/WAN
    • N. gwanna- “to depart, die, to die, depart” ✧ Ety/WAN
  • ᴹ✶wanwē “death” ✧ Ety/WAN
    • N. gwanw “death (act of dying)” ✧ Ety/WAN
  • ᴹQ. vanwa “gone (for good), departed, vanished, lost, past, over, dead” ✧ Ety/WAN
  • ᴹQ. vanya- “to go, depart, disappear” ✧ Ety/WAN
  • N. gwanath “death (act of dying)” ✧ Ety/WAN
  • ᴺS. gwenwi “past, past tense”

Variations

  • VAN ✧ Ety/WAN
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/WAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wān

noun. goose

Derivations

  • ᴹ√WĀ “blow”

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ván “goose” ✧ Ety/WA-N
  • N. gwaun “goose” ✧ Ety/WA-N

Variations

  • WĀ-N ✧ Ety/WA-N
  • WA-N ✧ EtyAC/WA-N
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/WA-N; EtyAC/WA-N] Group: Eldamo. Published by

span

root. white

Derivatives

  • Dan. spenna “white fog” ✧ Ety/SPAN
  • ᴹ✶spāna “cloud” ✧ Ety/SPAN
    • N. faun “cloud” ✧ Ety/SPAN
    • ᴹT. spania “cloud” ✧ Ety/SPAN
  • ᴹQ. fána “cloud; white” ✧ Ety/SPAN
  • ᴹQ. fanya “sky; white” ✧ Ety/SPAN
  • N. fein “white, radiant” ✧ Ety/SPAN
  • N. Fannor “Cloud-lord” ✧ Ety/SPAN

Element in

  • ᴹ✶Olosphantur “Lórien” ✧ Ety/ÓLOS
  • ᴹ✶Spanturo “lord of cloud” ✧ Ety/SPAN
  • ᴹQ. Are Fanturion “Day of the Fanturi, fourth day of the Valian week” ✧ Ety/LEP
  • ᴹQ. Nurufantur “Lord of Death-cloud” ✧ Ety/ÑGUR
  • ᴹQ. Olofantur “Lord of Dream-cloud” ✧ Ety/ÓLOS
  • N. Fannor “Cloud-lord” ✧ Ety/TĀ
  • N. Gurfannor “Lord of Death-cloud” ✧ Ety/ÑGUR
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LEP; Ety/ÑGUR; Ety/ÓLOS; Ety/PHAY; Ety/SPAN; Ety/TĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gengwa

root. sick

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sick” with derivatives ᴹQ. engwa/N. gem “sickly” (Ety/GENG-WĀ). It was given as ᴹ√GENG-WĀ, and thus represented an extension of an otherwise unattested root ᴹ√GENG. In the entry for ᴹ√YEN from The Etymologies it appeared as ᴹ√GEM in the discussion of N. ingem “old, (lit.) year-sick” (EtyAC/YEN), but I believe this represents the Noldorin phonetic developments of the true primitive form rather than a conceptual variation. The continued appearance of Q. Engwar in The Silmarillion narratives of the 1950s and 60s hints that this root may have remained valid as well.

Derivatives

  • Q. engwa “sickly”
  • ᴹQ. engwa “sickly” ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ
  • N. gem “sickly” ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ

Element in

  • N. ingem “old (in mortal sense), suffering from old age, decrepit, (lit.) year-sick” ✧ Ety/YA; Ety/YEN

Variations

  • GENG-WĀ ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ; Ety/YA; EtyAC/GENG-WĀ; EtyAC/YEN
  • GEM ✧ Ety/YEN
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GENG-WĀ; Ety/YA; Ety/YEN; EtyAC/GENG-WĀ; EtyAC/YEN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

smalwā

adjective. fallow, pale

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. malwa “fallow, pale, fallow, pale, [ᴱQ.] yellowish, *wan” ✧ Ety/SMAL
  • N. hmalw “fallow, pale” ✧ Ety/SMAL
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SMAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

smalinā

adjective. yellow

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. malina “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL
  • On. malina “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • N. malen “yellow, yellow, [ᴱN.] yellowish, pale, wan, sickly” ✧ Ety/SMAL
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SMAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thindi

adjective. pallid, grey, wan

Derivations

  • ᴹ√THIN “*grey” ✧ Ety/THIN

Derivatives

  • Ilk. thind “grey” ✧ Ety/THIN
  • ᴹQ. sinde “grey, pale” ✧ Ety/THIN
  • N. thinn “grey, pale” ✧ Ety/THIN
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/THIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

smal

root. yellow

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶asmalē “yellow bird, ‘yellow hammer’” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • ᴹQ. ambale “yellow bird, yellow hammer” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • On. ammale “yellow bird, ‘yellow hammer’” ✧ Ety/SMAL
  • ᴹ✶asmalindē “yellow bird, ‘yellow hammer’” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • On. ammalinde “yellow bird, ‘yellow hammer’” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • N. emlin “yellow bird, yellow hammer” ✧ Ety/SMAL
  • ᴹ✶smaldā “gold (as metal)” ✧ Ety/LÁWAR; Ety/SMAL
    • ᴹQ. malta “gold (as metal)” ✧ Ety/SMAL; EtyAC/SMAL
    • On. malda “gold (as metal)” ✧ Ety/SMAL; EtyAC/SMAL
    • N. malt “gold (as metal)” ✧ EtyAC/SMAL; Ety/SMAL
  • ᴹ✶smalinā “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • ᴹQ. malina “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • On. malina “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • N. malen “yellow, yellow, [ᴱN.] yellowish, pale, wan, sickly” ✧ Ety/SMAL
  • ᴹ✶smalu “pollen, yellow powder” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • ᴹQ. malo “pollen, yellow powder” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • On. smalo “pollen, yellow powder” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • N. hmâl “pollen, yellow powder” ✧ Ety/SMAL; Ety/SMAL; EtyAC/SMAL
  • ᴹ✶smalwā “fallow, pale” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • ᴹQ. malwa “fallow, pale, fallow, pale, [ᴱQ.] yellowish, *wan” ✧ Ety/SMAL
    • N. hmalw “fallow, pale” ✧ Ety/SMAL
  • ᴹQ. malo “rust”
  • N. mallen “of gold” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Variations

  • MAL ✧ EtyAC/MAL (MAL)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LÁWAR; Ety/SMAL; EtyAC/MAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

malon

adjective. yellow

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MALA “yellow”

Element in

heth

adjective. white, pallid, wan

Derivations

  • ᴱ√HESE “wither” ✧ GL/49

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√heth² > heth²[xeθ] > [heθ]✧ GL/49

Early Ilkorin

slíw

adjective. pale

Cognates

  • En. lhui “pale” ✧ PE13/149

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶sleiwa “pale” ✧ PE13/149
Early Ilkorin [PE13/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

malen

adjective. pale, wan, yellowish, sickly

Early Noldorin [PE13/150; PE13/163] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nimp

adjective. wan, pale, sickly

Cognates

  • Eq. ninqe “white” ✧ PE13/164
Early Noldorin [PE13/151; PE13/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhui

adjective. pale

Changes

  • lhui → lhui “pale” ✧ PE13/149

Cognates

  • Eilk. slíw “pale” ✧ PE13/149
  • Eq. laiwa “pale” ✧ PE13/149
  • Et. líva ✧ PE13/149

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶sleiwa “pale” ✧ PE13/149

Element in

Early Noldorin [PE13/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

malw

adjective. yellow

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MALA “yellow”
Early Noldorin [PE13/150] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

sleiwa

adjective. pale

Derivatives

  • En. lhui “pale” ✧ PE13/149
  • Eilk. slíw “pale” ✧ PE13/149
  • Eq. laiwa “pale” ✧ PE13/149
  • Et. líva ✧ PE13/149
Early Primitive Elvish [PE13/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mala

root. yellow

Derivatives

  • Eq. malo “rust”
  • Eq. malwa “pale, yellowish” ✧ QL/058
  • G. malon “yellow”
  • G. maltha “golden yellow, rich, mellow”
  • En. malw “yellow”

Element in

  • Eq. malikon “amber” ✧ QL/058
  • Eq. malina “yellow” ✧ QL/058

Variations

  • mali- ✧ QL/058; QL/063
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/058; QL/063] Group: Eldamo. Published by

niqi

root. white

Derivatives

  • Eq. ninqa- “to shine white”
  • Eq. ninqe “white” ✧ LT1A/Taniquetil; QL/066
  • Eq. nikte- “to whiten, cleanse” ✧ QL/066
  • Eq. niqilis “fine snow” ✧ QL/066
  • Eq. niqis “snow” ✧ LT1A/Taniquetil; QL/066
  • G. nib “snowflake”
  • G. nigor “rain, rainy weather”
  • G. nimp “pallid”
  • G. nictha- “to rain, hail, snow”

Element in

Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Taniquetil; QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

laiwa

adjective. pale

Cognates

  • En. lhui “pale” ✧ PE13/149

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶sleiwa “pale” ✧ PE13/149

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶sleiwa > laiwa[sleiwā] > [sleiwa] > [leiwa] > [laiwa]✧ PE13/149
Early Quenya [PE13/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yanwa

noun. goose

Variations

  • Ẏanwa ✧ QL/105
Early Quenya [QL/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

malina

adjective. yellow

Cognates

Element in

Variations

  • malin(d) ✧ QL/058
Early Quenya [PME/058; QL/044; QL/058; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

malin(d)

adjective. yellow

níva

adjective. pale

Element in

Early Quenya [MC/213] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lossa

adjective. white

Derivations

Element in

Early Quenya [MC/213; MC/216; PE16/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ninqe

adjective. white

Cognates

  • G. nimp “pallid” ✧ GL/60
  • En. nimp “wan, pale, sickly” ✧ PE13/164

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NIQI “white” ✧ LT1A/Taniquetil; QL/066

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√NIQI > ninqe[niŋkʷi] > [niŋkʷe]✧ QL/066

Variations

  • ninqë ✧ LT1A/Nielíqui; LT1A/Taniquetil
  • ninkve ✧ PE16/072; PE16/072; PE16/077
Early Quenya [GL/60; LT1A/Nielíqui; LT1A/Taniquetil; MC/213; MC/220; PE13/164; PE14/045; PE14/048; PE14/077; PE14/080; PE15/78; PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/062; PE16/064; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/077; PE16/081; PE16/100; PE16/140; PME/066; QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

leuke

adjective. sick, ill; pallid, wan

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LEẆE “*sick” ✧ QL/053

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√LEẆE > leuke[leɣʷki] > [leɣʷke] > [lewke] > [leuke]✧ QL/053
Early Quenya [QL/053] Group: Eldamo. Published by

qámea

adjective. sick

A word appearing as qāmea “sick” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjective form of ᴱQ. qáme “sickness, nausea” (QL/76).

Neo-Quenya: Since ᴹQ. qáme “sickness” appears in Tolkien’s later writings (Ety/KWAM), I would retain ᴺQ. quámëa for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but given the meaning of its noun form I would assume its primary meaning is “✱nauseous”, as opposed to generally sick which would be [ᴺQ.] hlaiwa.

Cognates

Variations

  • qāmea ✧ QL/076
Early Quenya [QL/076] Group: Eldamo. Published by