Primitive elvish

em

root. mother

emel

noun. mother

emer

noun. mother

lemek

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s illustrating certain phonetic combinations (PE19/98), and therefore possibly not a “real” root.

Primitive elvish [PE19/098] Group: Eldamo. Published by

keme

noun. earth

Primitive elvish [PE21/80] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kemen

noun. earth

Primitive elvish [PE21/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

am

root. mother

For most of Tolkien’s life, the Primitive Elvish root for “mother” was √AM. This began with the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where Tolkien gave the root as ᴱ√AMA (QL/30). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was ᴹ√AM with derivatives ᴹQ. amil and (archaic) N. emil “mother” (Ety/AM¹). In Quenya prayers of the 1950s, the word for mother was Q. Amille. In the last few years of his life, however, Tolkien toyed with the notion of changing this root to √EM. In notes associated with Eldarinwe Leperi are Notessi written in the late 1960s, Tolkien first gave the root as am, but then wrote em next to it with a question mark, along with several new em-derivatives (VT48/19 note #16). The Q. affectionate word emme for “mommy” appeared in the main article, indicating Tolkien did, in fact, adopt this new root, at least for some period of time.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Quenya writing, I personally prefer to ignore this late change to the root for “mother” and stick with the √AM-forms Tolkien used for most of his life. However, the √AM-forms were less stable in the Sindarin branch of the languages, so I’d use √EM-forms like S. emel and emig, and would assume √AM and √EM were variants of the root, as they were on VT48/19 (see above).

Primitive elvish [VT48/17; VT48/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tā/taʒ

root. high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble

This root and ones like it were used for “high” things for much of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as unglossed ᴱ√TAHA in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. “high; high above, high up”, ᴱQ. tahōra or tayóra “lofty”, and ᴱQ. tāri “queen”; it had a variant form ᴱ√TAʕA where the ʕ might be a malformed Y (QL/87). The corresponding forms in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon were G. “high” and G. dara “lofty” (GL/29), indicating the true form of the root was ᴱ√DAHA, since initial voiced stops were unvoiced (d- > t-) in Early Qenya (PE12/17). Primitive forms like ᴱ✶dagá > ᴱN. /ᴱQ. “high” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s indicates the root continued to begin with D for the following decade (PE13/141, 161).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave this root as ᴹ√TĀ/TAƷ “high, lofty; noble” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tára “lofty, high”, ᴹQ. tári “queen” and N. taen “height, summit of high mountain” (Ety/TĀ). In Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 Tolkien gave the root as √TAG or Tā- “high”, and in notes from around 1967 Tolkien gave √TAƷ as the explanation of the initial element of Q. Taniquetil and contrasted it with √TĂR “stand” (PE17/186). In 1970 green-ink revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2), Tolkien wrote a marginal note giving √TAƷ > “high”, but this note was rejected with a statement “transfer to Gen. Structure. No [ʒ] existed in Eldarin” (PE19/72-73 note #22).

This last rejection seems to be part of Tolkien’s general vacillation on the nature and phonetic evolution of velar spirants in Primitive Elvish in 1968-70. For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume the root form was √TAH or √TAƷ > √ as the basis for “high” words, much like √MAH or √MAƷ > ✶ was the basis for “hand” words.

Primitive elvish [PE17/186; PE19/073] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phay

root. spirit, spirit; [ᴹ√] radiate, send out rays of light

When this root first appeared in The Etymologies (Ety/PHAY), it was glossed “radiate, send out rays of light” and its derivatives were consistent with this definition, most notably in N. Feanor “Radiant Sun”. In later writings, this root was instead glossed “spirit” (PM/352), which is the connotation of most of its later derivatives. For example, the later meaning of S. Fëanor was changed to “Spirit of Fire”.

The earlier sense “radiate” probably also survived in Tolkien’s later conception, however. On MR/250, the word Q. fairë “spirit” is said to originally have had the sense “radiance”, which is precisely the meaning that ᴹQ. faire had in The Etymologies. There is also a primitive monosyllable ✶phāy “flame, ray of light” in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s (OP2: PE19/102). If the root meaning “radiate” remains valid, then the word S. ✱fael “gleam of the sun”, an element of S. Faelivrin “gleam of the sun on the pools of Ivrin” (the second name of Finduilas), might be a derivative of this root.

Primitive elvish [NM/237; PM/352] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phut

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root appearing in the second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ2) as an etymological variation of √PUT (PE18/90).

Primitive elvish [PE18/090] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sal

root. [unglossed], *harp(ing), lyre

The unglossed root ᴱ√SALA appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. salma “lyre, small harp” and ᴱQ. salumbe “harping, music” (QL/81). The root √SAL appeared again Common Eldarin: Verb Structure from the early 1950s to illustrate the reformed perfect form of its verb Q. asálie (PE22/132), but since these later forms are unglossed it is unclear whether they have the same meaning (“✱harp(ing)”) as the earlier version of the root.

Primitive elvish [PE22/133] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stuk

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected section of the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s, serving to illustration certain phonetic developments: ✶stuknā > Q. thúna (PE19/86).

Primitive elvish [PE19/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tig

root. [unglossed]

A root appearing in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 as the basis for the verb Q. tinga- “go (for a long while)” (PE22/157). The etymology was marked with an “X” and so was probably a transient idea (PE22/157 note #70).

Primitive elvish [PE22/157] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amal

noun. mother

Primitive elvish [PE21/83; VT48/17; VT48/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

minya

ordinal. first

Primitive elvish [VT42/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

te

pronoun. they

Primitive elvish [PE23/113; PE23/114; PE23/119; PE23/120; VT48/24; VT48/25; VT49/17; VT49/21; VT49/37; VT49/50; VT49/52] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amas

noun. mother

ambō

noun. hill

Primitive elvish [PE17/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amma

noun. mother

amme

noun. mother

palad

noun. plain

Primitive elvish [PE21/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phawalōkō

noun. dragon

Primitive elvish [PE17/181] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tāra

adjective. high

Primitive elvish [PE17/067; PE17/186] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pronoun. they

Primitive elvish [PE23/113; PE23/114] Group: Eldamo. Published by

en

root. name

Sindarin 

eméné-

eméné-

{ē} v. pa.t.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:93] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

emel

noun. mother

A word for “mother” in notes on Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, along with a diminutive form emelig (VT48/17 note #13). These forms were struck through and replaced by emig as the proper diminutive form from the root √EM (VT48/6), but that doesn’t necessarily invalidate emel = “mother”, which appeared elsewhere as (probably primitive) emel, emer in rough versions of these notes (VT48/19 note #16). These Sindarin forms are unusual in that the medial m did not become v, which means the primitive form was likely based on ✱emm- as suggested by Patrick Wynne (VT48/17 note #14).

Conceptual Development: G. amil “mother” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s along with rejected forms {anwin, amril} and an archaic variant †amaith (GL/19). The forms {emaith >>} amaith appeared unglossed in Gnomish Lexicon Slips revising that document (PE13/109). In The Etymologies of the 1930s there was a form N. †emil for “mother” under the root ᴹ√AM of the same meaning, but Tolkien said this word was archaic, apparently replaced by N. naneth (Ety/AM¹; EtyAC/AM¹). With N. emil, the a became e via i-affection, but the medial m failing to become v requires an explanation similar to that of 1960s S. emel.

Neo-Sindarin: I generally prefer derivatives of the earlier root √AM for “mother” words in Quenya, but in the case of Sindarin, I find emel and emig from √EM to be better and more widely accepted.

emyn duir

place name. Dark Mountains

Hills in north-eastern Mirkwood, translated “Dark Mountains” (UT/280), also known as Emyn-nu-Fuin “Mountains of Mirkwood” (UT/281). This name is a combination of the plural of amon “hill” and the plural of the adjective dûr “dark”.

Sindarin [UT/280; UTI/Emyn Duir] Group: Eldamo. Published by

emyn muil

place name. Drear Hills

Hills between the river Anduin and the Dead Marshes (LotR/373), translated “Drear Hills” in Tolkien’s “Unfinished Index” of The Lord of the Rings (RC/334). It appears to be a combination of the plural of amon “hill” and muil “drear” (see that entry for further discussion).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, these hills went through many names: N. Duil Rain >> N. Emyn R(h)ain (TI/268), later N. Sern Lamrach >> N. Trandóran before finally settling on Ety Muil (TI/424).

Sindarin [LotRI/Emyn Muil; PMI/Emyn Muil; RC/334; SDI1/Emyn Muil; TI/424; TII/Emyn Muil; UTI/Emyn Muil; WRI/Emyn Muil] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Emyn-nu-Fuin

noun. mountains under night

emyn (pl. of amon “hill”) + nu (“under”) + fuin (“dead of night, gloom, darkness”)

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

Emyn Arnen

noun. hills beside the water [see [His.], entry arnen]

emyn (pl. of amon “hill”), ar (#from Dor. ar - “outside, beside”) + nen (“water”)

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

Emyn Beraid

noun. hills-towers

emyn (pl. of amon “hill”), beraid (pl. of barad “tower”) #Another possible interpretation of the name is “hills of towers”.

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

Emyn Duir

noun. dark mountains

emyn (pl. of amon “hill”), duir (pl. of dûr “dark”) David Salo: “dh and mh were liable to revert to d and m when they came to follow a nasal after syncope” TolkLang message 19.31.

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

Emyn Eglain

noun. mountains of forsaken elves

emyn (pl. of amon “hill”) + eglain (pl. of eglan “a forsaken”)

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

Emyn Muil

noun. drear hills

emyn (pl. of amon “hill”), muil (Dor. “twilight, shadow, vagueness”)

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

emel

noun. mother

Sindarin [Emeldir S/155, VT/48:17] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emmel

noun. mother

Sindarin [Emeldir S/155, VT/48:17] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emig

noun. "litte mother"

Sindarin [VT/48:6,17] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emig

noun. index finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)

Sindarin [VT/48:6,17] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Emeldir

Emeldir

Patrick H. Wynne has suggested that Emeldir possibly consists of Sindarin emel ("mother") + dir ("man"), yielding a hypothetical translation "manly-mother" or "mother with manly courage" (close in meaning to her epithet the Manhearted).

Sindarin [Tolkien Gateway] Published by

Emyn Eglain

place name. Hills of the Forsaken (Elves)

The name Emyn Eglain means "Hills of the Forsaken (Elves)" in Sindarin, from emyn ("hill") and Eglain ("the Forsaken"). The name Eglamar is, as noted by Christopher Tolkien, "one of the oldest names in J.R.R. Tolkien's legendarium" (for other applications, cf. Eglamar (disambiguation)).

Sindarin [Tolkien Gateway "Emyn Eglain"] Published by

Emyn Muil

place name. the drear hills

Emyn Muil is a Sindarin name meaning "the drear hills"; the word emyn is the plural form of amon ("hill").

Sindarin [Tolkien Gateway "Emyn Muil"] Published by

emig

little mother

(no distinct pl. form except with article: in emig). Also used (in children’s play) as a name for the index finger (VT48:6, 17)

emig

little mother

emig (no distinct pl. form except with article: in emig). Also used (in childrens play) as a name for the index finger (VT48:6, 17)

emlinn

yellowhammer

(a yellow bird) emlinn (= "yellow singer"); no distinct pl. form. Also emelin, no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emelinnath

emlinn

yellowhammer

(= "yellow singer"); no distinct pl. form. Also emelin, no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emelinnath. Adj.

emlinn

yellowhammer

emlinn (= "yellow singer"); no distinct pl. form. Also emelin, no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emelinnath. Adj.

camlost

masculine name. Empty-handed

A name of Beren, an alternate of Erchamion “One-handed” (S/184). This name is a combination of cam “hand” and lost “empty” (SA/cam, Ety/LUS).

Conceptual Development: Beren’s sobriquet “One-handed” dates back to the earliest Lost Tales, but the alternate “Empty-handed” did not appear until Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s. The first version of the name was Ilk. Mablosgen (SM/311), variously revised to Dor. Mablost (LR/405) or N. Camlost (LR/146). All three names appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s where Tolkien specified their languages as Ilkorin, Doriathrin and Noldorin, respectively (Ety/MAP, KAB, LUS).

In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, only S. Camlost appeared, either normally (WJ/51) or in its lenited form Gamlost (WJ/231, 234).

Sindarin [S/184; SA/cam; SI/Camlost; UTI/Camlost; VT47/07; WJI/Camlost] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Camlost (Beren)

noun. empty-handed

cam(b) (“hand”) + lost (“empty”)

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

Mablost

noun. empty hand (Beren)

mab (Dor. “hand”) + lost (Dor. “empty”)

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

lost

adjective. empty

lost

adjective. empty

Sindarin [Ety/370, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

orchal

adjective. superior, lofty, eminent

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

Sindarin [Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305] or+hall, OS *orkʰalla. Group: SINDICT. Published by

main

ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent

Sindarin [VT/42:10, VT/42:25] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mein

ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent

Sindarin [VT/42:10, VT/42:25] Group: SINDICT. Published by

orchal

adjective. tall, tall; [N.] superior, eminent, lofty

Sindarin [WJ/305; WJI/Galdor; WJI/Orchal] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ned

noun. first, *one more; first; *during

This word replaced the preposition uin “of the” in the third version of the King’s Letter, appearing in the phrase nelchaenen ned Echuir “the thirty-first day of Stirring”. Both Carl Hostetter (VT31/30) and David Salo (SG/229) theorized that this replacement has a similar prepositional function, from either √NOT “count” or √NED “middle”. Fiona Jallings suggested it might be a temporal preposition, with sense “during” (FJNS/349).

On VT47/40, note 67, Patrick Wynne suggested that this word might be a cognate of the newly published Quenya word net(ë) “one more”. This theory is supported by the most likely interpretation of nelchaenen. This word seems to mean “thirtieth” rather than “thirty-first”, and Patrick Wynne suggested that nelchaenen ned means “thirtieth and one more” = “thirty-first”. I find this theory the most compelling, and use it here.

-m

suffix. we

1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -mmo.See paradigm PE17:132.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:132] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-nc

suffix. we

1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -lmo.See paradigm PE17:132. >> -ngid

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:132] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

amon

hill

pl1. emyn n. hill, lump, clump, mass, often applied to (esp. isolated) mountains. Q. umbo(n). FAmon Amarth

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:15:33:61:93:121] < _m¥bono_ < MBŎNO. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. tall

_ adj. _tall, eminent. Q. aratā.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:39] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

adj. #noble.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] < _arāta_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

d adj. noble. Q. arata. >> raud

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:186] < *_arāta_ < RAT tower up. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

maer

adjective. excellent

_ adj. _excellent. Q. maira admirable, excellent, precious. >> maer-, maeron

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:163] < MAY excellent, admirable. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

men-

verb. to go

The basic Sindarin verb for “go”, derived from the root √MEN (PE17/143). Its archaic past form emēnē was discussed in notes from around 1965 (PE17/93); its modern past would be ✱evín. It also appeared in its gerund form in the sentence niðin mened “I have a mind to go, I intend to go” in notes from 1969 (PE22/165).

Sindarin [PE17/093; PE22/165] Group: Eldamo. Published by

raud

tall

adj. tall, high, lofty, eminent, noble. Q. arta (< áratā). >> Nimrodel, rodel

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:49:118] < _(a)rātā_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

raud

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. rāta. >> arod, taer

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:186] < RAT tower up. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

raud

noun. metal

A noun appearing as N. rhaud “metal” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√RAUTĀ of the same meaning (Ety/RAUTĀ). In that document, it was the basis for the second element of the names Finrod, Angrod and Damrod. In Tolkien’s later writings the second element of these names were based on S. raud “noble” instead. This 1930s “metal” word might reappear in Rodëol “metal of Eöl” in drafts of the Silmarillion from the 1950s, since in Sindarin initial r did not become rh as it did in Noldorin. For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I think it best to stick to [N.] tinc “metal”

taer

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. tāra.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:186] < TAG. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

orchall

eminent

1) orchall (lofty, superior), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 2) raud (high, noble), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”: raud, pl. roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.

raud

eminent

(high, noble), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”: raud, pl. roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.****

iûl

embers

iûl (pl. iuil unless iûl is ”inherently” plural, as the gloss might suggest).

iûl

embers

(pl. iuil unless iûl is ”inherently” plural, as the gloss might suggest).

lost

empty

lost (pl. lyst), also cofn (void), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn

lost

empty

(pl. lyst), also cofn (void), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn

orchall

eminent

(lofty, superior), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

tinc

eminent

should at least be preferred for clarity).

tinc

eminent), t

olkien may have abandoned this word (or tinc should at least be preferred for clarity).

eredh

germ

eredh (seed), pl. eridh

eredh

germ

(seed), pl. eridh

balf

noun. excitement, emotion

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

orchal

adjective. tall

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

Sindarin [Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305] or+hall, OS *orkʰalla. Group: SINDICT. Published by

raud

excellent

_ adj. _excellent, noble, eminent.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] < AR. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

adorn

Adorn

The name Adorn is said to be a of pre-Númenórean origin, adapted in form to suit the Sindarin language.

Sindarin [Tolkien Gateway] Published by

aew

bird

(small bird) 1) aew. No distinct pl. form. 2) fileg, pl. filig; the form filigod appears as an alternative singular. or

amon

hill

1) amon (pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount), 2) dôl (i dhôl, construct dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i nôl, pl. i ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n if the former derivation had been maintained). 3) tund (i dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.

amon

hill

(pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount)

ar

noble

(adjectival prefix) ar- (high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

arn

noble

(adjective) 1) arn (royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic *araud), pl. aroed. 2) brand (high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind; 3) raud (eminent, high), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

arphen

noble

(noun, "a noble") 1) arphen, pl. erphin; 2) raud (eminent man, champion), pl.roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.

arphen

noble

pl. erphin

bâr

earth

(dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

ceven

earth

1) ceven (i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23), 2) (world) Amar (archaic Ambar), pl. Emair; 3) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds. 4) (maybe ”earth” as substance) cae (i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also SOIL.

ceven

earth

(i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23)

cofn

void

(adjective) cofn (empty), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn

duinen

high tide

(i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).

dôl

hill

(i** dhôl, construct **dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i** nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i** nôl, pl. i** ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n** if the former derivation had been maintained).

eneth

name

(noun) eneth (pl. enith)

eriad

noun. rising

A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2020 specifically for Eldamo as a replacement for early ᴱN./G. orost “rising”. It is simply the gerund of [N.] eria- “to rise”.

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

esta

name

(verb.) esta- (call) (i esta, in estar)

fae

spirit

1) fae (soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form. 2) faer (radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)

faer

spirit

(radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)

fileg

bird

pl. filig; the form filigod appears as an alternative singular.

galas

plant

galas (i **alas) (growth), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath**

galas

plant

(i ’alas) (growth), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath

galvorn

copper, gold,  iron, silver

(i** ’alvorn, pl. gelvyrn [in ngelvyrn*] if there is a pl.), a black metal made by the Dark Elf Eöl. (WJ:322)*

gaw

void

(noun) 1) gaw (i **aw), pl. goe (i ngoe = i ñoe), 2) (noun, "the Void" beyond the world) Gast (i **Ast if the word can occur with article and is not counted as a proper name), 3) (chasm, gulf, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

gaw

void

(i ’aw), pl. goe (i ngoe = i ñoe)

gondrath

highway

(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.

heria

impulse, have an

(i cheria, i cheriar) (be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously, set vigorously out to do) (VT45:22)

hîn

they

(of women) hîn. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.

void

(chasm, gulf, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

laden

plain

(adjective) laden (flat, wide, open, cleared), pl. ledin (suggested Sindarin forms for ”Noldorin” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)

laden

plain

(flat,  wide, open, cleared), pl. ledin (suggested Sindarin forms for ”Noldorin” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)

lhûg

dragon

lhûg (construct lhug; with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (snake, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig), also amlug (pl. emlyg).

lhûg

dragon

(construct lhug; with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûgthe lenition product of lh is uncertain) (snake, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig), also amlug (pl. emlyg).

naneth

mother

naneth (pl. nenith). Hypocoristic form (”mom”) nana, pl. nenai (but this word is probably rarely pluralized). In a higher style also †emil. No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emillath. Variant form emel (pl. emil), also spelt emmel (pl. emmil). (VT48:17)

naneth

mother

(pl. nenith). Hypocoristic form (”mom”) nana, pl. nenai (but this word is probably rarely pluralized). In a higher style also †emil. No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emillath. Variant form emel (pl. emil), also spelt emmel (pl. emmil). (VT48:17)

or

high

(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

talath

plain

(noun) 1) talath (i dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath_, LR:353 s.v.

talath

plain

(i dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). *Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath, LR:353 s.v. DAL. Compare the Talath Dirnen or ”Guarded Plain” mentioned in the *Silmarillion.

tinc

metal

tinc (i dinc, o thinc), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thinc), coll. pl. tingath. The word rhaud “metal” occurring in the Etymologies would normally be ”updated” to Sindarin in the form raud, but since raud appears with different meanings in later sources (see

tinc

metal

(i** dinc, o thinc), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thinc), coll. pl. tingath. The word rhaud**metal” occurring in the Etymologies would normally be ”updated” to Sindarin in the form raud, but since raud** appears with different meanings in later sources (see

arod

adjective. noble

Sindarin [PE17/039; PE17/049; PE17/147; PE17/182; PE17/186; PM/363; VT41/09] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hand

noun. [unglossed]

Sindarin [PE23/138] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taer

adjective. lofty, lofty, *high

Sindarin [PE17/186] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amar

earth

(archaic Ambar), pl. Emair

amarthan

fated

amarthan (pl. emerthain)

amarthan

fated

(pl. emerthain)

ar

noble

(high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

arth

lofty

1) arth (noble, exalted), pl. erth, 2) brand (high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 3) orchall (superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

cofn

void

(empty), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn

mithril

copper, gold,  iron, silver

(i** vithril, no distinct pl. form except with article [i** mithril], coll. pl. ?mithrillath). The description of mithril may seem to fit titanium.

or

high

(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

orchall

lofty

(superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

orchall

superior

orchall (lofty, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

orchall

superior

(lofty, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

raud

noble

(eminent, high), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed.  4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

raud

tall

(eminent, noble), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”.

mein

ordinal. first

minui

ordinal. first

Sindarin [VT42/10; VT42/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cae

noun. earth

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

Ara-

prefix. high, noble, royal

Sindarin [S/428] Reduced form of , element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Group: SINDICT. Published by

aew

noun. (small) bird

Sindarin [Ety/348, S/434] Group: SINDICT. Published by

aewen

adjective. of birds

Sindarin [Linaewen S/434] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amon

noun. hill, steep-sided mount

Sindarin [Ety/348, LotR/E, RC/334] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ar-

prefix. high, noble, royal

Sindarin [S/428] Reduced form of , element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Group: SINDICT. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

Sindarin [PM/363, VT/41:9] Group: SINDICT. Published by

arod

noble

1b _adj._noble. >> raud

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:49] < _(a)rātā_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arphen

noun. a noble

Sindarin [WJ/376] ar-+pen. Group: SINDICT. Published by

arth

adjective. (unknown meaning, perhaps (?) noble, lofty, exalted)

Sindarin [Arthedain LotR] Q arta or OS *artʰa, CE *arâtâ. Group: SINDICT. Published by

cae

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

Sindarin [Ety/363, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ceven

noun. Earth

Sindarin [VT/44:21,27] Group: SINDICT. Published by

eneth

noun. name

Sindarin [VT/44:21,24] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ennorath

noun. central lands, middle-earth

Sindarin [LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72-75] Group: SINDICT. Published by

esta-

verb. to name

Sindarin [estathar SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

faer

noun. spirit

Sindarin [MR/349] Group: SINDICT. Published by

spirit

_ n. _spirit, shadow.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:86] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

lad

noun. plain, valley

Sindarin [S/433] Group: SINDICT. Published by

limlug

noun. fish-dragon, sea-serpent

Sindarin [Ety/370, X/LH] lim+lhûg. Group: SINDICT. Published by

minui

ordinal. first

Sindarin [VT/42:10, VT/42:25] Group: SINDICT. Published by

orthad

gerund noun. rising

Sindarin [MR/373] Group: SINDICT. Published by

raud

noun. metal

Sindarin [Ety/383, X/RH] Generalized from OS *rauta "copper". Group: SINDICT. Published by

seregon

noun. "Blood of Stone", a plant of the kind called in English "stonecrop", with deep red flowers, that grew on Amon Rûdh

Sindarin [S/437] sereg+gond. Group: SINDICT. Published by

aew

bird

. No distinct pl. form.

aewen

of birds

pl. aewin.

amoth

noun. shoulder

amrent

noun. lark

andrath

high pass

(literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.

arn

noble

(royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic ✱araud), pl. aroed.

arth

lofty

(noble, exalted), pl. erth

arwen

noble woman

(pl. erwin).****

bad

go

#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

bad

go

(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

brand

lofty

(high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

brand

noble

(high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

brand

tall

(lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind.

cae

earth

(i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also

cîl

pass between hills

(i gîl, o chîl) (cleft, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. . A homophone means ”renewal”.

eneth

name

(pl. enith)

ennor

place name. central land, middle-earth

Sindarin [LotR/E, X/ND2] Published by

erui

first

(single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.

ess

noun. name

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

esta

name

(call) (i esta, in estar)

fae

spirit

(soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form.

gast

void

(i ’Ast if the word can occur with article and is not counted as a proper name)

hall

tall

(exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.

hwest

breath

(i chwest, o chwest) (puff, breeze), pl. hwist (i chwist)

hîn

they

. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.

hûr

fiery spirit

(i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (readiness for action, vigour), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.

limlug

fish-dragon

(sea serpent), pl. limlyg

lâd

plain

(valley, lowland), construct lad, pl. laid

men

we

men (accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).

men

we

(accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).

minui

first

1) minui (lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form), 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”; 3) erui (single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.

minui

first

(lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form)

mîn

first

(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”

orn

tall

(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”tree”.

ross

polished metal

(glitter), pl. ryss (idh** ryss**). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”spray, foam, rain, dew”. For concrete metals, see

taur

vast

taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

vast

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

lofty

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

tall

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

telu

high roof

(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).

thûl

breath

1) thûl (pl. thuil), 2) hwest (i chwest, o chwest) (puff, breeze), pl. hwist (i chwist)

thûl

breath

(pl. thuil)

tond

tall

1) tond (lenited dond; pl. tynd), 2) †orn (pl. yrn). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”tree”.

tond

adjective. tall

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

tond

tall

(lenited dond; pl. tynd)

tund

hill

(i** dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i** thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.

Quenya 

emenya

emenya

emenya, see emya

emerwen

noun. shepherdess

A word attested as part of a title of Tar-Ancalimë: Emerwen Aranel “Princess Shepherdess” (UT/209). Its final element is the suffixal form -wen of vendë “maiden”. Its initial element probably has something to do with either sheep or herding. See emer- for further discussion.

Quenya [UT/209; UTI/Emerwen] Group: Eldamo. Published by

emel

mother

emel noun "mother"; also amal (VT48:22, 49:22); the form amil (emil) seems more usual.

emerwen

shepherdess

emerwen noun "shepherdess" (UT:209, 434)

emil

mother

emil noun "mother", emilinya "my mother" (also reduced to emya) the terms a child would use in addressing his or her mother (VT47:26). Emil would seem to be a variant of amil. Also compare emel.

emma

picture

emma noun *"picture" (compounded in indemmar "mind-pictures") (PE17:179)

emmë

we

emmë (2) pron. "we", emphatic pronoun; dative emmen (VT43:12, 20). In the source this pronoun is intended as the 1st person plural exclusive; later Tolkien changed the corresponding pronominal ending from -mmë to -lmë, and the plural emphatic pronoun would likewise change from emmë to *elmë. Since the ending -mmë was redefined as a dualexclusive pronoun, the form emmë may still be valid as such, as a dual emphatic pronoun "we" = "(s)he and I".

emmë

mummy

emmë (1) noun "mummy", hypocoristic form of "mother", also used in children's play for "index finger" and "index toe" (VT47:10, 26, VT48:4, 6, 17, 19). Also emya.

empanya-

plant

*empanya- vb. "plant" (deduced from the "Qenya" pl. past tense empannen, VT27:20-22)

emya

mummy

emya noun "mummy", also used in children's play for "index finger" and "index toe" (VT47:10, 26, VT48:4, 6). Said to be a reduction of emenya *"my mother", seemingly presupposing #emë as a word for "mother" (but this word normally appears as emil or amil, incorporating a feminine ending). In VT48:19, emya is explained as deriving from em-nya "my mother". Compare emmë # 2.

emil

noun. mother

emya

noun. mummy, (orig.) my mother

v'emattë

v'emattë

v'emattë ??? May be the preposition ve + an otherwise unknown word emattë. (Narqelion)

cemi

earth, soil, land

cemi noun "earth, soil, land"; Cémi ("k")"Mother Earth" (LT1:257; the "Qenya" word cemi would correspond to cemen in LotR-style Quenya)

indemma

mind-picture

indemma noun "mind-picture", i.e. a vision transferred from one mind to another and perceived as visual (and aural) images, usually produced by Elves, though Men were capable of receiving them (especially during sleep) (PE17:174, 179). Compound of indo (#1) + emma. Ephemerally Tolkien may have considered the word fanwos (q.v.) for the same phenomenon.

kemen

earth

kemen noun "earth"; see cemen.

quanta emma

facsimile

quanta emma, quantemma noun "facsimile", a complete detailed visual reproduction (by any means) of a visible thing" (PE17:179), literally *"full picture", cf. emma, q.v.

cumna

empty

cumna ("k")adj. "empty" (KUM)

faina-

emit light

faina- vb. "emit light" (PHAY)

yúla

ember, smouldering wood

yúla noun "ember, smouldering wood" (YUL)

Naira

vast, wide, empty

naira (2) adj. "vast, wide, empty" (PE17:27)

aráto

champion, eminent man

aráto noun "champion, eminent man" (SA:ar(a) )

elmë

elmë

*elmë, see emmë #2

felmë

impulse, emotion

felmë noun "impulse, emotion" (VT41:19; this suggests a verb #fel- "to feel"). Compounded in fëafelmë, hroafelmë.

lusta

void, empty

lusta adj. "void, empty" (LUS)

ta

they, them

ta (3) pron. "they, them", an "impersonal" 3rd person pl. stem, referring "only to 'abstracts' or to things (such as inanimates) not by the Eldar regarded as persons" (VT43:20, cf. ta as an inanimate Common Eldarin plural pronoun, VT49:52). Compare te, q.v. The word ta occurring in some versions of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer may exemplify this use of ta as an "impersonal" plural pronoun: emmë avatyarir ta** "we forgive them" (VT43:8, 9; this refers to trespasses, not the trespassers). However, since Tolkien also wanted ta to mean "that" (see #1 above), he may seem to be somewhat dissatisfied with ta "they, them", introducing variant forms like tai (VT49:32) to free up ta as a sg. pronoun. In one document, tai was in turn altered to te (VT49:33), which could suggest that the distinction between animate and inanimate "they, them" was abandoned and the form te (q.v.) could be used for both. In some documents, Tolkien seems to use tar as the plural form (VT49:56 mentions this as an uncertain reading in a source where the word was struck out; compare ótar under ó**-).

tai

they, them

tai (2) pron. "they, them", 3rd person pl., used with reference to inanimates rather than persons or living things (VT49:32, see ta #3 above). Perhaps to avoid the clash with tai "that which", the pronoun tai "they, them" was altered to te in at least one manuscript (VT49:33), so that it would merge with the pronoun used of living beings and the distinction between animate and inanimate would be abandoned (see te).

te

they, them

te pron. "they, them", 3rd person pl. (VT49:51, LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308). The pronoun te represents an original stem-form (VT49:50). Dative ten, téna or tien "for them, to them" (q.v.) Stressed (VT49:51). Ótë "with them", q.v. VT43:20 connects te "them" with a discussion of Common Eldarin pronominal stems (ca. 1940s), where te is the "personal" 3rd person pl. stem, referring to persons rather than abstracts or inanimates (which are denoted by ta instead; see, however, the entry ta #3 regarding the problems with this form, and the hints that te may possibly be used with reference to inanimates as well)). Also consider the reflexive pronoun intë "themselves", the final element of which is apparently this pronoun te; see also for the dual form.

they, them

pron. "they, them", 3rd person dual ("the two of them"), both "personal and neuter" (the pronoun can be used of persons and things alike). (VT49:51) Tolkien also considered tet for the same meaning, listing it alongside in one source (VT49:56), but this form was apparently abandoned.

walmë

excitement, emotion

walmë noun "excitement, emotion" (PE17:154, 189)

naira

adjective. vast, wide, empty

valmë

noun. excitement, emotion

Quenya [PE17/154; PE17/189] Group: Eldamo. Published by

walmë

noun. excitement, emotion

amya

noun. mummy, (orig.) my mother

An affectionate word used by a child to address his or her mother (PE17/170), also appearing as emya (VT47/10; VT48/6, 19) along with other variants like amye or amilye (VT47/26-27, 32). It is a reduction of the possessive form: amilinya “my mother”. See amil(lë) “mother” for a discussion of the am-/em- variation.

Quenya [PE17/170; VT47/10; VT47/26; VT47/27; VT47/32; VT48/06; VT48/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laima

noun. plant

A noun for “plant” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √LAY (PE17/159).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. laute (lausi-) “living thing, (esp.) vegetable” and ᴱQ. lauke (lauki-) “vegetable, plant species”, both derived from the early root ᴱ√LAWA (QL/52). The word lauke also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “plant” (PME/52) and appeared again in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s with the gloss “vegetable” and an accusative form of lautya (PE16/141), indicating a new stem form lauty-.

amil(lë)

noun. mother

Tolkien used a number of similar forms for “mother” for most of his life. The earliest of these are ᴱQ. amis (amits-) “mother” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s along with variants ᴱQ. ambi, âmi, amaimi under the root ᴱ√AMA (QL/30). An additional variant ammi appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/30). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien had ᴱQ. ambe or mambe “mother” (PE16/135). This became ᴹQ. amil “mother” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√AM “mother” (Ety/AM¹).

This 1930s form amil appears to have survived for some time. It appeared in a longer form Amille in Quenya Prayers of the 1950s (VT43/26; VT44/12, 18), and as an element in the term amilessi “mother-names” in a late essay on Elvish naming (MR/217). In the initial drafts of Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s Tolkien used the form amilye or amye as an affectionate word for “mother”, and amaltil as the finger name for the second finger (VT47/26-27 note #34 and #35).

However, in those documents Tolkien seems to have revised the root for “mother” from √AM to √EM and the affectionate forms from amye to emya or emme (VT47/10; VT48/6, 19). The revised word for “mother” appears to be emil based on the 1st person possessive form emil(inya) (VT47/26).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer to retain the root √AM for “mother”, since that is what Tolkien used for 50 years, and ignore the very late change to √EM. As such, I would recommend amil(le) for “mother” and affectionate forms amme “mommy” and amya. However, if you prefer to use Tolkien’s “final” forms, then emil(le), emme and emya seem to be what Tolkien adopted in the late 1960s.

Quenya [VT44/18; VT47/26] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tinco

noun. metal

A word for “metal” in Appendix F of The Lord of the Rings as the name of tengwa #1 [1] and the tincotéma series of tengwar. ᴹQ. tinko “metal” first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TINKŌ of the same meaning (Ety/TINKŌ). It also appeared in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s and 40s (PE22/22, 50, 61), already the name of tengwa #1 and its corresponding series.

Conceptual Development: A possible precursor is ᴱQ. sink (sinq-) “mineral, gem, metal” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SINI “pale blue” (QL/83). Hints of this earlier word can be seen in ✶sinkitamo >> sintamo “[metal] smith” in notes from the late 1960s.

Quenya [LotR/1122; PE17/123] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-lmë

we

-lmë 1st person pl. pronominal ending: "we" (VT49:38; 51 carilmë *"we do", VT49:16). It was originally intended to be inclusive "we" (VT49:48), including the person(s) spoken to, but by 1965 Tolkien made this the ending for exclusive "we" instead (cf. the changed definition of the corresponding possessive ending -lma, see above). _(VT49:38) Exemplified in laituvalmet "we shall bless them" (lait-uva-lme-t "bless-shall-we-them") (the meaning apparently changed from inclusive to exclusive "we", VT49:55), see also nalmë under # 1. (LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308_)

-ltë

they

-ltë, 3rd person pl. pronominal suffix, "they" (VT49:51; cariltë "they do", VT49:16, 17). It alternates with -ntë in Tolkiens manuscripts (VT49:17, 57). In his early material, the ending also appears as -lto, occurring in Fíriel's Song (meldielto "they are beloved" and cárielto "they made"), also in LT1:114: tulielto "they have come" (cf. VT49:57). Compare -lta, -ltya as the ending for "their".

-lwë

we

-lwë, later -lvë, pronominal ending "we" (VT49:51), 1st person pl. inclusive ending, occurring in the verbs carilwë "we do" (VT49:16) and navilwë (see #nav-). The ending became -lvë in later, Exilic Quenya (VT49:51). See -lv-.

-mmë

we

-mmë "we", 1st person dual exclusive pronominal ending: "I and one other" (compare the inclusive dual form -ngwë or -nquë). First written -immë in one source (VT49:57). Carimmë, "the two of us do" (VT49:16, cf. VT43:6). At an earlier conceptual stage, the ending was already exclusive, but plural rather than dual: vammë "we won't" (WJ:371), firuvammë "we will die" (VT43:34), etemmë ?"out of us" (VT43:36); see also VT49:48, 49, 55. Also compare the corresponding emphatic pronoun emmë (q.v.). The ending -lmë replaced -mmë in its former (plural exclusive) sense. In some early material, -mmë was apparently used as an ending for plural inclusive "we" (VT49:55).

-ngwë

we

-ngwë "we", 1st person dual inclusive pronominal ending: "thou and I" (compare the exclusive dual form -mmë). Caringwë, "the two of us do" (VT49:16). One source lists the ending as "-inke > -inque" instead (VT49:51, 53, 57; "inke" was apparently Old Quenya). In an earlier pronoun table reproduced in VT49:48, the ending -ngwë is listed as an alternative to -lmë, which Tolkien at the time used as the plural inclusive ending (a later revision made it plural exclusive).

-ntë

they

-ntë "they", pronomimal ending, inflexion of 3rd person plural when no subject is previously mentioned (CO; see also VT49:49). This ending competes with -ltë (q.v.) in Tolkiens conception (VT49:57; for "they do", both carintë and cariltë are attested, VT49:16 vs. 17). The corresponding pronominal possessive suffix appears as -ntya or -nta in various sources.

-on

name

-on gen.pl. ending (3O), in aldaron, aranion, elenion, Eldaron, #esseron, Ingweron, Istarion, Númevalion, Quendion, Silmarillion, Sindaron, tasarion (see Nan-Tasarion), Valion, wenderon, yénion. Normally the ending -on is added to the nominative plural, whether it ends in -i or -r, but some nouns in -ë that would have nominative plurals in -i seem to prefer the ending -ron in the genitive (hence #esseron as the gen. pl. of essë "name", though the nominative pl. is attested as essi and we might have expected the gen. pl. *ession; similarly wenderon, Ingweron).

-ttë

they

-ttë (1) "they", dual 3rd person pronominal ending ("the two of them") (VT49:51), replacing (also within the legendarium) the older ending -stë (which was later used for the second person only). This older ending -stë corresponds to a possessive ending -sta "their" (VT49:16), but this was presumably likewise altered to *-tta as the new ending for dual "their" = "of the two of them".

-ya

dad

-ya (3) suffix of endearment, attested in Anardilya as an intimate form of the name Anardil (UT:174, 418), possibly also occurring in atya "dad", emya "mum" (q.v.) The forms ataryo "daddy" and amilyë "mummy" (q.v.) may contain gender-specific variants -yo masc. and - fem.

Ara-

noble

Ara-, ar- a prefixed form of the stem Ara- "noble" (PM:344). In the masc. names Aracáno "high chieftain", mothername (amilessë, q.v.) of Fingolfin (PM:360, cf. 344), Arafinwë "Finarfin" (MR:230)

Túna

hill, mound

Túna (also Tún) place-name, used of the hill on which Tirion was built (Silm, TUN, KOR), derived from a stem (TUN) apparently meaning simply *"hill, mound".

Umbarto

fated

Umbarto masc. name, "Fated", mother-name (never used in narrative) of Telufinwë = Amras. The ominous name was altered to Ambarto by Fëanor. (PM:353-354)

aiqualin

tall

aiqualin ("q")adj. "tall", plural form (???) (MC:216; this is "Qenya" - but cf. aiqua above.)

ala-

plant, grow

ala- (4) vb. "plant, grow" _(the first gloss would suggest that the following one is transitive: to "grow" plants) (PE17:100). _Compare al- "thrive, *grow" (which however seems intransitive).

amal

mother

amal noun "mother"; also emel (VT48:22, 49:22); the form amil (emil) seems more usual.

ambalë

yellow bird, 'yellow hammer'

ambalë noun "yellow bird, 'yellow hammer' " (SMAL)

ambo

hill, rising ground

ambo noun "hill, rising ground" (Markirya, PE17:92), "mount" (PE17:157), allative pl. ambonnar "upon hills" in Markirya (ruxal' ambonnar "upon crumbling hills") According to VT45:5, ambo was added to the Etymologies as a marginal note.

amil

mother

amil noun "mother" (AM1), also emil (q.v.) Longer variant amillë (VT44:18-19), compounded Eruamillë "Mother of God" in Tolkien's translation of the Hail Mary (VT43:32). If amil is a shortened form of amillë, it should probably have the stem-form amill-. Also compare amilyë, amya, emya. Compounded amil- in amilessë noun "mothername" (cf. essë "name"), name given to a child by its mother, sometimes with prophetic implications (amilessi tercenyë "mother-names of insight"). (MR:217).

amilyë

mummy

amilyë or milyë (cited as (a)milyë), noun "mummy", also used as a play-name of the index finger, but Tolkien emended it to emmë, emya. (VT48:4) In its basic sense, (a)milyë would be a variant of amil, amillë "mother", q.v.

ammalë

yellow bird, 'yellow hammer'

ammalë noun "yellow bird, 'yellow hammer' " (SMAL)

ammë

mother

ammë noun "mother" (AM1)

amun

hill

amun (amund-) noun "hill" (LT2:335; in Tolkien's later Quenya ambo)

amya

my mother

amya (1) noun "my mother", form used in address (PE17:170), cf. emya

angulócë

dragon

angulócë noun("k") "dragon" (LOK)

arata

high, lofty, noble

arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)

arato

noble

arato noun "a noble" (PE17:147), in PE17:118 given as aratō and there glossed "lord" (often = "king"). Cf. aráto. The form cited in the latter source, aratō with a long final vowel, is evidently very archaic (compare Enderō under Ender); later the vowel would become short. (PE17:118)

arquen

noble

arquen noun "a noble" (WJ:372), "knight" (PE17:147)

enna

first

[enna adj. "first" (VT45:12)]

essë

name

essë (1) noun "name", also later name of Tengwa #31, originally (MET) called árë (ázë). (Appendix E). With a pronominal ending esselya "thy name" (VT43:14). Pl. #essi in PM:339 and MR:470, gen.pl. #esseron "of names" in the compound Nómesseron (q.v.); we would rather have expected *ession, given the nom.pl. essi; perhaps #esser is a valid alternative plural form. Essecarmë noun "name-making" (MR:214, 470), Eldarin ceremony where the father announces the name of his child. Essecenta *("k") noun "Name-essay" (see centa) (MR:415); Essecilmë noun "name-choosing", an Eldarin ceremony where a child named him- or herself according to personal lámatyávë (q.v.) (MR:214, 471). The meaning Tolkien originally assigned to the word essë** in the Etymologies was "place" rather than "name" (VT45:12).

esta

first

esta (2) adj. "first" (ESE/ESET); this entry was marked with a query. The word Yestarë (q.v.) "Beginning-day" in LotR suggests that Tolkien decided to change the stem in question to _YESE/YESET_. We could then read *yesta for esta (but later this became a noun "beginning" rather than an adj. "first", PE17:120) and also prefix a y to the other words derived from ESE/ESET (essë* > yessë, essëa > yessëa). Estanossë noun "the firstborn", read likewise Yestanossë** (*Yestanessi?) but in a later text, Tolkien used Minnónar (q.v.) for "the Firstborn" as a name of the Elves, and this form may be preferred. _(In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word _Estanossë is cited as "Estanesse", but according to VT45:12, the second-to-last vowel is actually o in Tolkien's manuscript.)

fenumë

dragon

fenumë noun "dragon" (LT2:341 but lócë is the normal word in LotR-style Quenya)

foa

breath, puff of breath

foa (1) noun "breath, puff of breath" (VT47:35, 36)

fëa

spirit

fëa noun "spirit" (pl. fëar attested, MR:363). The Incarnates are said to live by necessary union of hroa (body) and fëa (WJ:405). In Airëfëa noun "the Holy Spirit", Fëanáro masc. name "Spirit of Fire" (Quenya-Sindarin hybrid form: Fëanor), Fëanturi noun "Masters of Spirits", name of the two Valar Mandos and Lórien (SA:tur), fëafelmë noun "spirit-impulse" (impulses originating with the spirit, e.g. love, pity, anger, hate) (VT41:19 cf. 13, VT43:37). In one source it is said to mean specifically a "spirit indwelling a body", i.e. "soul" (PE17:124), which contradicts such uses as Airefëa or Fëanturi. Cf. fairë.

fúmë

noun. breath

A word for “breath” in the Löa Yucainen poem, perhaps related to föa “(puff of) breath”.

halla

tall

halla (1) adj. "tall" (Appendix E, footnote)

spirit, shadow

noun "spirit, shadow" (PE17:86)

hórë

impulse

hórë noun "impulse" (KHOR), hórëa "impulsive" _(KHOR; VT45:22 confirms that "impulsive" is the correct gloss, misread "impulsion" in the Etymologies as printed in LR)_

inga

first

inga (2) adj. "first" (ING)

ita-

sparkle

ita- 1) vb. "sparkle" (SA:ril, PM:363)

laima

plant

laima noun "plant" (PE17:159). Cf. olvar.

lelta-

send

#lelta- vb. "send", attested in the past tense with pronominal suffixes: leltanelyes "you sent him" (VT47:21)

lelya-

go, proceed (in any direction), travel

lelya- (1) vb. "go, proceed (in any direction), travel", pa.t. lendë / elendë (WJ:363, VT14:5, PE17:139) At one point Tolkien assigned a more specific meaning to the underlying root LED: "go away from the speaker or the point in mind, depart" (PE17:52), which would make lelya- a near synonym of auta-. The same source denies that the derivatives of _LED _were used simply for "go, move, travel", but elsewhere Tolkien assigns precisely that meaning to lelya-.

lenna-

go

lenna- vb. "go", pa.t. lendë "went" (LED; cf. lelya-). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word lenna- wrongly appears as **linna-; see VT45:27.

lenta-

send

[#lenta- vb. "send", attested in the past tense with pronominal suffixes: lentanelyes "you sent him". Changed by Tolkien to #lelta-, q.v. (VT47:22, 21)]

lirulin

lark

lirulin noun "lark" (MR:238, 262), changed from aimenel, aimenal

lirulin

noun. lark

A word for “lark” appearing in the manuscript draft of Laws and Customs among the Eldar from the late 1950s (MR/238), also mentioned in the tale Of Finwë and Míriel (MR/262), apparently a combination of the roots √LIR and √LIN having to do with singing.

Conceptual Development: In Laws and Customs among the Eldar this word was first written as Q. {aimenel >>} aimenal before being replaced by lirulin (MR/252 note #6). In documents from the 1910s and 20s, Tolkien gave ᴱQ. ambarin as the word for “lark” (PE13/110, 159).

Quenya [MR/238; MR/252; MR/262; MR/471] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lócë

dragon, snake, serpent, drake

lócë ("k")noun "dragon, snake, serpent, drake", older hlócë _("k")(SA:lok-, LT2:340, LOK; in the Etymologies the word is followed by "-ī", whatever that is supposed to mean)_

mamil

mother, mummy

mamil noun *"mother, mummy" (UT:191)

mar

earth

mar (1) noun "earth" (world), also "home, dwelling, mansion". Stem mard- (VT46:13, PE17:64), also seen in the ablative Mardello "from earth" (FS); the word is used with a more limited sense in oromardi "high halls" (sg. oromar, PM17:64), referring to the dwellings of Manwë and Varda on Mt. Taniquetil (Nam, RGEO:66). The initial element of Mardorunando (q.v.) may be the genitive mardo (distinguish mardo "dweller"). May be more or less identical to már "home, house, dwelling" (of persons or peoples; in names like Val(i)mar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil) (SA:bar, VT45:33, VT47:6). Már is however unlikely to have the stem-form mard-; a "Qenya" genitive maren appears in the phrase hon-maren, q.v., suggesting that its stem is mar-. A possible convention could therefore be to use már (mar-) for "home, house" (also when = household, family as in Mardil, q.v.), whereas mar (mard-) is used for for "earth, world". Early "Qenya" has mar (mas-) "dwelling of men, the Earth, -land" (LT1:251); notice that in LotR-style Quenya, a word in -r cannot have a stem-form in -s-.

mavar

shepherd

mavar noun "shepherd" (LT1:268, GL:58)

me

we, us

me (1) 1st person pl. exclusive pronoun "we, us" (VT49:51; VT43:23, VT44:9). This pronoun preserves the original stem-form (VT49:50). Stressed (VT49:51). Cf. also mel-lumna "us-is-heavy", sc. *"is heavy for us" (LR:47, mel- is evidently an assimilated form of men "for us", dative of me; the form men is attested by itself, VT43:21). For me as object, cf. ála** "do not [do something to] us", negative imperative particle with object pronoun suffixed (VT43:19: álamë tulya, "do not lead us"), ámen** "do [something for] us", imperative particle with dative pronoun suffixed (ámen apsenë "forgive us", VT43:12, 18). Dual exclusive met "we/us (two)" (Nam, VT49:51), "you and me" (VT47:11; the latter translation would make met an inclusive pronoun, though it is elsewhere suggested that it is rather exclusive: "him/her and me", corresponding to wet [q.v.] as the true inclusive dual form). Rá men or rámen "for us/on our behalf", see . Locative messë "on us", VT44:12 (also with prefix o, ó- ?"with" in the same source). See also ménë, ómë.

men-

go

#men- (4) vb. "go" (VT47:11, cf. VT42:30, VT49:23), attested in the aorist (menë) in the sentence imbi Menel Cemenyë menë Ráno tië "between Heaven and Earth goes the path of the Moon". In the verb nanwen- "return" (or go/come back), -men- is changed to -wen- following nan- "back" (etymological form cited as nan-men-, PE17:166). In examples from VT49:23, 24, Tolkien used men- in the sense of "go as far as": 1st person sg. aorist menin (menin coaryanna "I arrive at [or come/get to] his house"), endingless aorist menë, present tense ména- "is on point of arrival, is just coming to an end", past tense mennë "arrived, reached", in this tense usually with locative rather than allative (mennen sís "I arrive[d] here"), perfect eménië "has just arrived", future menuva "will arrive". All of these examples were first written with the verb as ten- rather than men-, Tolkien then emending the initial consonant.

menta-

send, cause to go

menta- (1) vb. "send, cause to go" (in a desired direction) (VT41:6, VT43:15). A similar-sounding primitive verb mentioned in PE17:93 is said to have past and perfect forms that would produce Quenya *mennë*, eménië, but here Tolkien seems to be discussing a distinct intransitive verb "go" and its Sindarin descendants, and Quenya menta- rather belongs to the causative (transitive) verbs which according to the same source has "weak" past-tense forms (in -, hence mentanë "sent", and likely ementië** as perfect "has sent").

minya

first

minya adj. "first" (MINI) (cf. Minyatur, Minyon); "eminent, prominent" (VT42:24, 25). Minyar "Firsts", the original name of the Vanyar (or rather the direct Quenya descendant of the original Primitive Quendian name) (WJ:380)

ontari

mother

ontari noun "mother" or etymologically "begetter, parent" (fem.); clashing with the plural ontari "parents", this was apparently an emphemeral form (see ontarë, ontaril, ontarië for other feminine forms of "begetter, parent") (VT44:7)

ontaril

mother

ontaril noun "mother", female *"begetter" (cf. onta-). Variant of ontarë. (VT43:32)

orna

tall, high, lofty

orna adj. (2) "tall, high, lofty" (PE17:112, 186), also orwa

orwa

tall, high, lofty

orwa adj. (2) "tall, high, lofty" (PE17:112, 186), also orna

rauta

metal

rauta noun "metal" [meaning changed by Tolkien from "copper"]. Notice that in the LotR, the word for metal is given as tinco. (RAUTĀ)

róma

shoulder

róma (3) noun "shoulder" (LT2:335; evidently obsoleted by # 1 and # 2 above.)

sanda

name

[sanda, sandë] (þ) (2) noun "name" (VT46:16)

sanya

name

[sanya] (þ) (2) noun ?"name" (reading of gloss uncertain, VT46:16)

setta

first

[setta, setya adj. "first" (possibly also "primary", but Tolkien's gloss was not certainly legible) (VT46:13)]

súlë

spirit, breath

súlë (þ) noun "spirit, breath", also name of tengwa #9; originally thúlë (þúlë), before the shift th > s that occurred shortly before the rebellion of the Noldor (Appendix E, THŪ). Its gloss, "blowing forth", was metaphorically used as "the emission of power (of will or desire) from a spirit" (PE17:124). If the element súlë appears in Súlimë and Súlimo (q.v.), the stem-form may seem to be súli-.

tinco

metal

tinco noun "metal" (TINKŌ), also name of tengwa #1 (Appendix E, there spelt "tinco", but "tinko" in Etym); tincotéma noun "t-series", dental series, first column of the Tengwar system (Appendix E)

tintina-

sparkle

tintina- vb. "sparkle" (actually glossed "it sparkles") (TIN)

toi

they

toi pron. "they" (FS; replaced by te in LotR-style Quenya?)

tunda

tall

tunda adj. "tall" (TUN)

tundo

hill, mound

tundo noun "hill, mound" (TUN)

high

2) adj. "high" (LT1:264; there spelt . This is hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya, but cf. tára "lofty".)

tána

high, lofty, noble

tána (meaning unclear, probably adj. "high, lofty, noble") (TĀ/TA3). Compare tára.

tára

lofty

tára (1) adj. "lofty". (SA:tar, LT1:264, TĀ/TA3 (AYAK, TÁWAR), VT45:6), "tall, high" (WJ:417). Compare antara. Adverb táro in an early "Qenya" text (VT27:20, 26). The adj. tára is not to be confused with the continuative form of the verb #tar- "stand".

umbarto

masculine name. Fated

A name given by Nerdanel to one of her youngest children when Fëanor insisted she given them distinct names, though she did not say to which it applied (PM/353). It is a masculinized form of umbar “fate, doom”. Fëanor altered it to the less ominous sounding Ambarto.

Quenya [PM/353; PM/355; PMI/Amrod; VT41/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

umbo

hill, lump, clump, mass

umbo, umbon noun "hill, lump, clump, mass" (PE17:93)

vanya-

go, depart, disappear

vanya- (2) vb. "go, depart, disappear", pa.t. vannë (WAN). The verb auta- may have replaced this word in Tolkien's later conception.

ve

we

ve (2) pron. "we", 1st person pl. inclusive (corresponding to exclusive me), derived from an original stem-form we (VT49:50, PE17:130). Variant vi, q.v. Stressed , later (VT49:51). Dative (*wéna >) véna, VT49:14. Dual wet*, later vet "the two of us" (inclusive; cf. exclusive met) (VT49:51). Also compare the dative form ngwin or ngwen (q.v.), but this would apparently be wen > ven** according to Tolkiens later ideas.

vi

we

vi pron. "we", 1st person inclusive (PE17:130), variant of ve #2.

vilissë

spirit

vilissë noun "spirit" (GL:23)

wilin

bird

wilin noun "bird" (LT1:273; if this "Qenya" word is to be used in LotR-style Quenya, it must not be confused with the 1st pers. aorist of the verb wil-.)

yána

vast, huge; wide

yána (1) adj. "vast, huge; wide" (PE17:99, 115); also yanda, q.v.

órë

rising

órë (2) noun "rising", anarórë "sunrise" (ORO). Cf. early "Qenya" órë "the dawn, Sunrise, East" (LT1:264). See under Melkor concerning the final element of Melkórë.

arata

high, lofty, noble

arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)

-ltë

suffix. they

Quenya [PE17/075; PE17/190; VT49/16; VT49/17; VT49/51] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aimenal

noun. lark

Quenya [MR/252; MR/470] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cúma

noun. [unglossed]

halla

adjective. tall

Quenya [LotR/1123; PE17/184] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

-lto

they

-lto, "Qenya" pronominal ending "they"; see -ltë

-ntë

suffix. they

Quenya [PE17/057; PE17/190; UT/317; VT49/17] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ambona

noun. hill

ango

noun. dragon

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

esse

noun. name

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

essë

noun. name

Quenya [LotR/1123; MR/216; MR/470; PM/339; UT/266; UTI/epessë; VT42/17; VT43/14; WJ/359] Group: Eldamo. Published by

esta-

verb. name

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

halda

adjective. tall, tall; [ᴱQ.] wide, broad

halda

adjective. high, tall

Quenya [PE 22:103; PE 22:148] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ortea

adjective. rising, ascendant

Quenya [PE 22:111] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

tar-

affix. high, high; [ᴹQ.] king or queen (in compounds)

Quenya [PE22/148; SA/tar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

we

we

we, , see ve #2

þúlë

noun. spirit

orohalla

adjective. superior

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Noldorin 

emil

noun. mother

Noldorin [EtyAC/AM¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

emelin

noun. yellow bird, "yellow hammer"

Noldorin [Ety/386] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emil

noun. mother

Noldorin [VT/45:5] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emlin

noun. yellow bird, "yellow hammer"

Noldorin [Ety/386] Group: SINDICT. Published by

emmelin

noun. yellow bird, "yellow hammer"

Noldorin [Ety/386] Group: SINDICT. Published by

iûl

noun. embers

A noun for “embers” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√YUL “smoulder” and cognate to ᴹQ. yúla of the same meaning (Ety/YUL). It was marked ON. but should probably be N. as suggested by Hostetter and Wynne (EtyAC/YUL).

Conceptual Development: A form N. uilw “embers” appeared earlier in the same entry, but was deleted.

Neo-Sindarin: This word would become ✱ŷl if adapted directly to Neo-Sindarin, but the root √YUL was used for “drink” in later writings (PE17/63, 180; WJ/416). To avoid this conflict, I recommend adapting ᴹ√YUL “smoulder” as the Neo-Root ᴺ√YOL of the same meaning, which would allow the retention of this Noldorin word unchanged since it could be derived from ✱yōlā instead, where [[s|long [ō] became [ū]]] after [[s|[ju] became [ȳ]]] (probably).

iûl

noun. embers

The word is classed as Old Noldorin (ON) in the Etymologies, but rather seems to be Noldorin

Noldorin [Ety/400] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhost

adjective. empty

Noldorin [Ety/LUS; EtyAC/LŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

uilw

noun. embers

Noldorin [EtyAC/YUL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

caun

adjective. empty, void

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cofn

adjective. empty, void

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhost

adjective. empty

Noldorin [Ety/370, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

iuitha-

verb. to employ, to use

The gloss was hardly legible and Christopher Tolkien read "to enjoy" in Ety/400, but the meaning "to employ", much more probable (Cf. iuith ), was later confirmed in VT/45:23

Noldorin [Ety/400, VT/46:23] Group: SINDICT. Published by

orchal

adjective. superior, lofty, eminent

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

Noldorin [Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305] or+hall, OS *orkʰalla. Group: SINDICT. Published by

orchall

adjective. superior, lofty, eminent

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

Noldorin [Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305] or+hall, OS *orkʰalla. Group: SINDICT. Published by

orchel

adjective. superior, lofty, eminent

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

Noldorin [Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305] or+hall, OS *orkʰalla. Group: SINDICT. Published by

coe

noun. earth

An indeclinable word given as {cíw >>} coe “earth” in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√KEM (Ety/KEM; EtyAC/KEM).

Possible Etymology: The primitive form of rejected cíw is given as ᴹ✶kēm and its derivation is clear: the long ē became ī and then the final m reduced to w after i as usual. The derivation of coe is more obscure, however. The likeliest explanation is that Tolkien imagined its ancient form with a slightly lowered vowel which he generally represented as ǣ in this period (in later writings as ę̄). According to the first version of the Tengwesta Qenderinwa and Comparative Vowel Tables from the 1930s (PE18/46; PE19/25), ǣ &gt; ei &gt; ai &gt; ae, and in The Etymologies itself, it seems ai often became oe instead of ae.

Neo-Sindarin: Updating the derivation of hypothetical ✱kę̄m would produced ᴺS. cae in Sindarin phonology. But given the obscurity of its derivation, I recommend using 1950s S. ceven for “earth” instead.

Noldorin [Ety/KEM; EtyAC/KEM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gast

proper name. Void

A name for the Void beyond the world appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, more fully Belegast (Ety/KUM).

ereg

place name. First

Earlier name for the river S. Erui from Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, apparently a Noldorin word meaning ereg “first” (TI/312, WR/436).

Noldorin [TI/312; TII/Ereg; WR/436; WRI/Erui] Group: Eldamo. Published by

naneth

noun. mother

A noun for “mother” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the (Noldorin-only?) root ᴹ√NAN (Ety/NAN). It apparently replaced archaic/poetic N. †emil (Ety/AM¹; EtyAC/AM¹).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon had a similar set of words for “mother”: G. maba, mabir, baba, and mavwin from the early root ᴱ√maƀ “something nice” (GL/57). The last of these appeared as G. mavwen “ancestress” in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document, with an archaic meaning of “mother” and variant forms mafwyn and mavuin (PE13/115). In these slips, it seems the normal “mother” word was G. nân (originally glossed “father”) with variant nanwin (PE13/115). This last word is likely the direct precursor of N. naneth.

Neo-Sindarin: I would use S. emel from the late 1960s as the normal word for “mother” in Neo-Sindarin, but would retain N. naneth as a dialectical or more formal variant.

Noldorin [Ety/AM¹; Ety/NAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thûl

noun. breath

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “breath” derived from the root ᴹ√THŪ “puff, blow” (Ety/THŪ). As written in The Etymologies, the actual form was thūl (EtyAC/THŪ).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien gave G. fest “breath, breathing” (GL/35), likely derived from the early root ᴱ√ǶEHE “breathe” (QL/41) with ƕ becoming f.

Noldorin [Ety/THŪ; EtyAC/THŪ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tinc

noun. metal

A word for “metal” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TINKŌ of the same meaning (Ety/TINKŌ).

Conceptual Development: A possible precursor is G. sinc “metal” from the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/67), a cognate of ᴱQ. sink “mineral, gem, metal” under the early root ᴱ√SINI “pale blue” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/83). For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer to use ᴺS. sinc for “✱mineral”.

Noldorin [Ety/TINKŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

belegast

place name. Void

Noldorin term for the “Void” appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, a combination of beleg “great” and Gast “void” (Ety/KUM), also appearing as a variant Belego containing gaw “void” (Ety/GAS).

Noldorin [Ety/GAS; Ety/KUM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orchal

adjective. tall

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

Noldorin [Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305] or+hall, OS *orkʰalla. Group: SINDICT. Published by

orchall

adjective. tall

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

Noldorin [Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305] or+hall, OS *orkʰalla. Group: SINDICT. Published by

orchel

adjective. tall

In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

Noldorin [Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305] or+hall, OS *orkʰalla. Group: SINDICT. Published by

amar

noun. Earth

Noldorin [Ety/MBAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amon

noun. hill

Noldorin [Ety/AM²; TI/313] Group: Eldamo. Published by

edhen

adjective. first

Noldorin [EtyAC/EDE] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gaw

noun. void

lhûg

noun. dragon

rhaud

noun. metal

Noldorin [Ety/RAUTĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tonn

adjective. tall

aew

noun. (small) bird

Noldorin [Ety/348, S/434] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amar

noun. earth

Noldorin [Ety/372] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amarthan

adjective. fated

Noldorin [VT/41:10] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ambar

noun. earth

Noldorin [Ety/372] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amlug

noun. dragon

Noldorin [Ety/349, Ety/370] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amlug

noun. dragon

Noldorin [Ety/ANGWA; Ety/LOK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amon

noun. hill, steep-sided mount

Noldorin [Ety/348, LotR/E, RC/334] Group: SINDICT. Published by

borth

?. [unglossed]

brand

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

Noldorin [Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brand

adjective. high (in size)

Noldorin [Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brann

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

Noldorin [Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brann

adjective. high (in size)

Noldorin [Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

clei

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

coe

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

Noldorin [Ety/363, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

coen

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ereg

adjective. first

fileg

noun. small bird

Noldorin [Ety/381] Singular formed by analogy. Group: SINDICT. Published by

filigod

noun. small bird

Noldorin [Ety/381] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gaw

noun. void

Noldorin [Ety/358] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhad

noun. plain

Noldorin [EtyAC/IMBE; TI/114] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhimlug

noun. fish-dragon, sea-serpent

Noldorin [Ety/370, X/LH] lim+lhûg. Group: SINDICT. Published by

mindon

noun. isolated hill, especially a hill with a watch tower

Noldorin [Ety/373, Ety/395] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mindon

noun. tower

Noldorin [Ety/373, Ety/395] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mân

noun. departed spirit

Noldorin [Ety/371] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nana

noun. mother, mummy

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/374] Group: SINDICT. Published by

naneth

noun. mother

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/374] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhaud

noun. metal

Noldorin [Ety/383, X/RH] Generalized from OS *rauta "copper". Group: SINDICT. Published by

thûl

noun. breath

Noldorin [Ety/393] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tinc

noun. metal

Noldorin [Ety/394] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tond

adjective. tall

Noldorin [Ety/395, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tonn

adjective. tall

Noldorin [Ety/395, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tund

noun. hill, mound

Noldorin [Ety/395, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tunn

noun. hill, mound

Noldorin [Ety/395, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Telerin 

emmë

noun. mother

minya

ordinal. first

aráta

adjective. noble

Adûnaic

manô

noun. spirit

A noun translated “spirit” and fully declined as an example of a Weak II noun (SD/438). It appeared with both a short a (SD/424) and long â (SD/438). Given its ending , it might be a masculine-noun, but it seems unlikely that spirits would only be male. This entry assumes it is a common-noun instead. It is probably related to ᴹQ. manu “departed spirit” as suggested by various authors (AAD/19, AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/MAN).

Adûnaic [SD/424; SD/438] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ammê

noun. mother

A noun for “mother” (SD/434). Tolkien gave two forms of this word, ammî and ammê, with no indication as to which would be preferred. However, ammî resembles a plural word, and Tolkien elsewhere stated that such forms tended to change their final vowel to (SD/438), so my guess is that ammî is an archaic form. This word is probably related to the Elvish root √AM “mother”. Some authors have suggested it is directly related to ᴹQ. amme (AAD/10, AL/Adûnaic), but as Andreas Moehn points out (EotAL/MAM) such basic words are rarely borrowed from other languages, so the relationship is more likely from the Primitive Elvish root.

dâira

noun. Earth

A noun translated as “Earth” in the final version of the Lament of Akallabêth (SD/247). It may be related to S. dôr “land”, as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynn (AAD/13).

Conceptual Development: In the Lament of Akallabêth (first draft), this noun appeared as kamāt (SD/311).

yad-

verb. to go

A verb appearing in the Lament of Akallabêth in the form ayadda “(it) went” (SD/247, VT24/12). Its initial element is the 3rd persons neuter plural suffix a- “it”. This leaves the basic verb form yadda, which is the past tense according to the theories used here.

Conceptual Development: It appeared in the form yadda in the first draft version of the Lament, and this form was also briefly considered as a replacement for unakkha “he-came” in the first sentence of the Lament (SD/312).

Adûnaic [SD/247; SD/312; VT24/12] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pûh

noun. breath

A noun translated “breath” and fully declined as an example of a Weak I noun (SD/431).

Adûnaic [SD/426; SD/431; SD/432] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Rohirric

emnet

noun. plain

Rohirric [UTI/Wold] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

yúla

noun. ember, smouldering wood

A noun for {“ember, smouldering brand” >>} “ember, smouldering wood” based on the root ᴹ√YUL “smoulder” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/YUL; EtyAC/YUL). The later meaning of the root √YUL was “drink” (PE17/63).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would adapt the root ᴹ√YUL “smoulder” as the Neo-Root ᴺ√YOL/YUL with vowel variations similar to √SOK/SUK and as such would salvage this word for the purposes of Neo-Quenya; see the entry on ᴺ√YOL/YUL for further discussion.

Qenya [Ety/YUL; EtyAC/YUL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kumna

adjective. empty

lusta

adjective. void, empty

landa

noun. plain

A noun for “a plain” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the 1940s derived from ᴹ√LAD “lie flat, be flat” with variants landa and lanna (PE22/126), the latter probably derived from ✱ladna with the voiced stop d becoming a nasal before nasal n. It might simply be the noun form of adjective ᴹQ. landa “wide” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LAD).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the form landa, which appears in an inflected form landannar “to the plains” early in QVS (PE22/125).

Qenya [PE22/125; PE22/126] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rauta

noun. metal

A noun for “metal” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√RAUTĀ of the same meaning (Ety/RAUTĀ). In that document, its Noldorin cognate was the basis for the second element of the names Finrod, Angrod and Damrod. In Tolkien’s later writings the second element of these names were based on S. raud “noble”. For purposes of Neo-Quenya I think it’s better to stick to Q. tinco “metal” from Appendix F of The Lord of the Rings.

óre

noun. rising, rising, *rise; [ᴱQ.] dawn, Sunrise, East

A noun for “[a] rising” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√ORO “up; rise; high”, an element in ᴹQ. anaróre “sunrise” (Ety/ORO).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. ōre “the dawn, Sun-rise, East” under a different early root ᴱ√OŘO [OÐO] that was “distinct but much confused with” ᴱ√ORO having to do with rising things (QL/70).

hún

noun. earth, earth, *ground

A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with stem form hun- and gloss “earth” (QL/39). It might be a later iteration of ᴱQ. han “ground, earth” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39), and if so then hún might also be used as “✱ground”. I think it is useful to assume so for purposes of Neo-Quenya, as the other attested word for “ground”, Q. talan, is probably used more often for “floor”, including floors above the ground level.

Qenya [PE21/19; PE21/24; PE21/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amil

noun. mother

ambo

noun. hill

amme

noun. mother

Qenya [Ety/AM¹; PE22/023] Group: Eldamo. Published by

engwa

?. [unglossed]

enna

adjective. first

esse

noun. name

Qenya [Ety/ES; PE22/022; PE22/051; PE22/124; SD/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by

esta

adjective. first

Qenya [Ety/ESE; EtyAC/SET] Group: Eldamo. Published by

halla

adjective. tall

Qenya [PE22/051; PE22/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hóre

noun. impulse

inga

adjective. first

kúma

noun. void

Qenya [Ety/GAS; Ety/KUM; MRI/Kúma; SM/237; SM/241; SMI/Kúma] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

lóke

noun. dragon

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

Qenya [PE19/046; PE19/062] Group: Eldamo. Published by

minya

ordinal. first

Qenya [Ety/MINI; PE23/107] Group: Eldamo. Published by

se

pronoun. they

Qenya [PE23/073; PE23/076; PE23/077; PE23/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

tinko

noun. metal

Qenya [Ety/TINKŌ; PE22/022; PE22/050; PE22/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tunda

adjective. tall

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

he

pronoun. they

Qenya [PE22/106; PE22/115; PE22/118; PE22/123; PE22/127; PE23/075; PE23/079; PE23/095; PE23/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

alama

noun. [unglossed]

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

angulóke

noun. dragon

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

es

[unglossed]

halda

adjective. tall

lanna

noun. plain

lungu

noun. dragon

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

nerno

?. [unglossed]

niule

?. [unglossed]

oio

noun. bird

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

tante

noun. [unglossed]

teuka

?. [unglossed]

ti

pronoun. they

Qenya [PE23/075; PE23/077; PE23/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

toi

pronoun. they

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

Qenya [PE21/06; PE21/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

Doriathrin

mablosgen

masculine name. Empty-handed

An Ilkorin precursor to Beren’s name S. Camlost “Empty-handed” (SM/311). This name appeared in The Etymologies as a combination of mâb “hand” and losgen “empty” (Ety/MAP), and was at one point changed to Ilk. Mablost (LR/405).

Doriathrin [Ety/MAP; LR/131; LR/146; LR/405; LRI/Mablosgen; SM/311; SMI/Camlost; SMI/Mablosgen] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mablost

masculine name. Empty-handed

A precursor to Beren’s name S. Camlost “Empty-handed” (SM/311). This name appeared in The Etymologies where it was marked as Doriathrin and given as a combination of mâb “hand” and lost “empty”, the equivalent of N. Camlost (Ety/KAB).

Doriathrin [Ety/KAB; LR/405; LRI/Mablost] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aman

noun. mother

Ilkorin for “mother” (Ety/AM¹), also appearing in its plural form emnin (EtyAC/AM¹).

Doriathrin [Ety/AM¹; EtyAC/AM¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tund

adjective. tall

An adjective for “tall” derived from primitive ᴹ✶tundā (Ety/TUN). It is an example of how the Ilkorin a-affection was prevented or reverted before [nd], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/tund).

Doriathrin [Ety/TUN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lost Reconstructed

adjective. empty

A Doriathrin adjective meaning “empty” attested only as an element in the name Dor. Mablost (Ety/KAB). Its Quenya cognate lusta suggests a primitive form ✱✶lustā, with the [o] developing from Ilkorin a-affection. It might be a Doriathrin-only variant of more general Ilkorin losgen “empty”.

Doriathrin [Ety/KAB] Group: Eldamo. Published by

losgen Reconstructed

adjective. empty

An adjective meaning “empty” attested only as an element in the Ilkorin name Mablosgen (Ety/MAP). As suggested by Helge Fauskanger, it might be a combination of Dor. lost and the adjective suffix -en, but if so it is unclear where the medial g came from (AL-Ilkorin/Mablosgen). Alternately, perhaps losgen is the general Ilkorin adjective for “empty” and lost is a variant used only in the Doriathrin dialect.

Doriathrin [Ety/MAP] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

nil

adjective. empty

bil

noun. bird

A word for “bird” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing next to G. bilinc “sparrow”, but this word was deleted and the gloss for bilinc was expanded to “a small bird, especially sparrow” (GL/22-23). The form bil appeared in a couple other places in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/23, 31), but seems to represent a “root” rather than a word. Tolkien indicated bil was derived from ᴱ✶du̯il (GL/31), but the exact mechanism whereby du̯- became b- isn’t clear, but a similar change is seen in 1920s ᴱ✶du̯ag- > ᴱT. baga- “beat” and ᴱ✶tu̯ak- > ᴱQ. pak- “apply, attach” (PE14/66).

Gnomish [GL/23; GL/31; GL/39] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sinc

noun. metal

A noun from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as G. sinc “metal” (GL/67), clearly the cognate of ᴱQ. sink “mineral, gem, metal” from the root ᴱ√SINI (QL/83).

Neo-Sindarin: I would retain this word for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, but would revise its sense to ᴺS. sinc “mineral”, derived from the primitive form ✶sinki (PE17/108) which may itself mean “✱mineral”; see that entry for discussion. I would use N. tinc for “metal”.

bladwen

noun. plain

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a plain” (GL/23), probably derived from the root ᴱ√PALA “flatness” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Palúrien; QL/071).

Gnomish [GL/23; LT1A/Palúrien; LT2A/Ladwen-na-Dhaideloth] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mothweg

noun. shepherd

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “shepherd”, a combination of G. moth “sheep” and the masculine suffix G. -weg “herd” (GL/58).

Gnomish [GL/58; LT1A/Uin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rôma

noun. shoulder

A noun for “shoulder” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, related to G. ram “wing” (GL/64, 66) and so probably derived from the early root ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward”.

Gnomish [GL/64; GL/66; LT2A/Alqarámë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

(m)ami

noun. mummy

alan

noun. shoulder

amil

noun. mother

Gnomish [GL/19; PE13/109] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amrint

noun. lark

Gnomish [GL/19; PE13/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

annor(in)

adjective. lofty

Gnomish [GL/19; PE13/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

clidhron

noun. [unglossed]

adjective. high

Gnomish [GL/29; LT1A/Qalmë-Tári; LT1A/Taniquetil; PE13/112] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nân

noun. mother

aigli

noun. bird

Gnomish [GL/17; GL/32] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amaith

noun. mother

ami

noun. mummy

annuir

adjective. lofty

blaith

noun. spirit

Gnomish [GL/23; GL/43; LT1A/Cûm a Gumlaith] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dara

adjective. lofty

Gnomish [GL/29; LT1A/Qalmë-Tári] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dôn

?. [unglossed]

enn

noun. name

lingwir

noun. dragon

mab(a)

noun. mother

Gnomish [GL/29; GL/57] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mabir

noun. mother

mandra

adjective. noble

Gnomish [GL/56; LT1A/Mánir] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nanwin

noun. mother

oros

noun. rising

Gnomish [GL/62; GL/63; LT1A/Kalormë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ulug

noun. dragon

Gnomish [GL/74; LT2A/Foalókë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

um

pronoun. we

Gnomish [GL/53; GL/74] Group: Eldamo. Published by

umin

pronoun. we

Early Primitive Elvish

gwini

root. sparkle

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variant forms ᴱ√GWIMI and ᴱ√GWINI and glossed “sparkle” (QL/104). They had derivatives in both Qenya and Gnomish such as ᴱQ. wimpele “a twinkling”, ᴱQ. wintil “a glint”, G. gwim “a spark, wink”, and G. gwinc “a spark, flash” (QL/104, GL/45). There are no signs of these roots in Tolkien’s later writing.

Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Morwinyon; QL/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saw̯a

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/82), which may have reemerged as √SAWA “disgusting, foul, vile” in notes from the 1950s (PE17/172, 183).

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sivi

root. [unglossed]

Unglossed roots in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants ᴱ√SIVI and ᴱ√SIWI and a single unglossed derivative ᴱQ. sivilda (QL/84). It is difficult to guess what Tolkien intended for these forms to mean, though they conceivably reemerged as the later roots ᴹ√SIW “excite, egg on, urge” (Ety/SIW) or √SIB “rest, quiet” (VT44/35).

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tołᵂo

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in The Qenya Phonology of the 1910s illustrating a hypothetical series of ancient lateral approximants, with derived roots like ᴱ√TOLO and ᴱ√TOẆO [with = ɣʷ] (PE12/16). The former appeared in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon as the basis for island words (QL/94), but the latter appeared nowhere else in Early Qenya writings.

Early Primitive Elvish [PE12/016] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-yǝ

suffix. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lepse

?. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lopse

?. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

teled-

noun. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

toẇo

root. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [PE12/016] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyulu

root. tall

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/050] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tḷkḷ

root. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/093] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

ere-

verb. to go

A deleted verb in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s with present form ere “goes” and past tense erne “went”, perhaps based on the early root ᴱ√ERE [EÐE] “out” as suggested by the editors (PE16/133).

Early Quenya [PE16/133] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mavar(do)

noun. shepherd

This Early Qenya word for “shepherd” had many variant forms: in some cases the first vowel a was preserved as in māvar (alternately mavar, mavardo or māwar) and in other cases it collapsed onto oa as in moar(do), all derived from the early root ᴱ√MAWA (QL/60, 62). This reflects differing phonetic developments for ancient āwa, awá (> āva, avá) vs ắwa (> oa), as discussed in The Qenya Phonology (PE12/14).

Early Quenya [GL/58; LT1A/Telimektar; PE12/014; QL/060; QL/062] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tie-

verb. to go

A deleted verb in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, probably related to ᴱQ. tie “path” and the early root ᴱ√TEHE as suggested by the editors (PE16/133).

Early Quenya [PE16/133] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wilin

noun. bird

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bird”, derived from the early root ᴱ√GWILI that was the basis for words having to do with flight (QL/104).

Early Quenya [LT1A/Vilna; QL/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aiwe

noun. bird

Early Quenya [GL/17; PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ama

noun. mother

Early Quenya [PME/030; QL/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ambarta

adjective. fated

Early Quenya [PE13/137; PE13/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ambi

noun. mother

Early Quenya [PME/030; QL/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amis

noun. mother

Early Quenya [PME/030; QL/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amun

noun. hill

Early Quenya [LT2A/Amon Gwareth; PME/030; QL/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

en(we)

noun. name

Early Quenya [QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

las

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

moar(do)

noun. shepherd

Early Quenya [PE12/014; QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oro

noun. hill

Early Quenya [LT1/085; LT1A/Kalormë; PME/070; QL/070; VT28/30] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orwa

adjective. lofty

Early Quenya [QL/070] Group: Eldamo. Published by

palume

noun. plain

Early Quenya [QL/071; QL/072] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sauke

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tahóra

adjective. lofty

Early Quenya [PE12/021; PME/088; QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyulin

adjective. tall

Early Quenya [PME/050; QL/050] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ka

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/054] Group: Eldamo. Published by

(m)ambe

noun. mother

Early Quenya [PE16/135] Group: Eldamo. Published by

alle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amaimi

noun. mother

ambarin

noun. lark

Early Quenya [PE13/110; PE13/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ambe

noun. mother

ambo

noun. hill

Early Quenya [PE13/137; PE13/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ammi

noun. mother

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

angwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eant

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fenume

noun. dragon

Early Quenya [LT2A/Glorund; QL/038] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kondo

noun. dragon

Early Quenya [PE13/162] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

minya

ordinal. first

Early Quenya [PE14/051; PE14/082; PE14/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oi(we)

noun. bird

oive

noun. bird

Early Quenya [PE13/136; PE13/158; PE16/132] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orda

adjective. lofty

oron

noun. hill

Early Quenya [PME/070] Group: Eldamo. Published by

palante

noun. plain

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/075] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ralle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saile

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [GL/72] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [LT1/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/006] Group: Eldamo. Published by

umpai

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

usult

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

valle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vilisse

noun. spirit

Early Quenya [GL/23] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yu

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/146] Group: Eldamo. Published by

âmi

noun. mother

Middle Primitive Elvish

rauta

root. metal

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s, first glossed “copper” and then “metal”, with derivatives ᴹQ. rauta/N. rhaud “metal” and serving mainly to explain names like N. Angrod and N. Finrod (Ety/RAUTĀ). It might have reappeared in the name S. Rodëol “metal of Eöl” from later Silmarillion drafts (WJ/322), but by 1957 Tolkien was explaining the final element of S. Finrod as S. raud “noble” (PE17/49, 118), so I think it is likely that ᴹ√RAUTA “metal” was abandoned.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I’d use Q. tinco (LotR/1122) and its cognate [N.] tinc (Ety/TINKŌ) for “metal” words. For “copper” I'd use derivatives of √(U)RUS (VT41/10).

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/NDAM; Ety/PHIN; Ety/RAUTĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kum

root. void

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “void”, with derivatives like ᴹQ. kúma “void” and N. caun “empty” (Ety/KUM). It was probably also the basis of ᴹQ. kumba in ᴹQ. saurikumba in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, unglossed but probably “✱foul-bellied” (SD/86).

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AWA; Ety/KUM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khlip

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected paragraph from the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) written in 1948 (PE22/112 note #78).

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/113] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phan

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/PHAN).

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/PHAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

skil

root. [unglossed]

A root mentioned in passing in as a variant of ᴹ√KIL “divide” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but it had no derivatives and appeared nowhere else (Ety/KIL).

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KIL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stā

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root reference in The Etymologies apparently serving as the basis for the verbal action suffix ᴹ✶-stā “-ing” in ᴹ✶khau̯-stā “rest-ing” (Ety/KHAW; EtyAC/KHAW). See the entry on ✶-stā for further discussion.

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/KHAW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tinkō

root. metal

The “root” ᴹ√TINKŌ (more likely just a primitive word) appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the gloss “metal” and derivatives like ᴹQ. tinko/N. tinc of the same meaning (Ety/TINKŌ). The reappearance of Q. tinco “metal” in The Lord of the Rings appendices (LotR/1122) strongly indicates its ongoing validity.

ᴹ√TINKŌ may have replaced the root ᴱ√SINI “pale blue” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. sink “mineral, gem, metal” and G. sinc “metal” (QL/83; GL/67); these early mineral words were originally attributed to ᴱ√SṆT͡YṆ “twinkle” before they were transferred to ᴱ√SINI, leaving only derivatives like ᴱQ. sintl “crystal” and ᴱQ. sinty- “sparkle” under ᴱ√SṆT͡YṆ (QL/85). However, in notes from the late 1960s Tolkien had primitive ✶sinki as an element ✶sinkitamo, the basis for Q. sintamo “smith” (PE17/108). Likewise there is evidence of the earlier root in Q. sinca “flint” as in Q. sincahonda “flint-hearted” (LotR/979), initially given as ᴹQ. tingahondo in Lord of the Rings drafts (SD/68).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would definitely use ✶tink- = “metal”, but I think it is worth keeping ✶sinki = “✱mineral = any inorganic solid including both stone and metal” as a variant.

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TINKŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

uruk

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/URUK).

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/URUK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

us

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/US).

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/US] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bay

root. [unglossed]

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/WAY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

edenā

adjective. first

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/EDE] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gāsa

noun. void

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GAS; EtyAC/GAS] Group: Eldamo. Published by

settā

adjective. first

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/SET] Group: Eldamo. Published by

am

root. mother

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AM¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amī̆l

noun. mother

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/66] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khe

pronoun. they

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/094; PE23/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stin

root. [unglossed]

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/STIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tundā

adjective. tall

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TUN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tārā

adjective. lofty

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AYAK; Ety/KHIL; Ety/NIK-W; Ety/TĀ; Ety/TÁWAR; EtyAC/AYAK; EtyAC/TĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

amoth

noun. shoulder

A word appearing as ᴱN. amoth “shoulder” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of 1920s derived from ᴱ✶a-mbod-t’ (PE13/137, 159) and related to ᴱN. bost “back” (PE13/139). In these documents amoth was an element in the name ᴱN. Egallmoth “He of the Wide Shoulders” with an initial element of ᴱN. egall “very broad” (PE13/142, PE13/159).

In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, the name G. Egalmoth was glossed “Broad-back” and it contained G. alm “back, shoulders” from primitive ᴱ✶alđam- (GL/19), while in Gnomish Lexicon slips modifying this document, the word for “a shoulder” was G. {awlan >>} alan derived from ᴱ✶aldǝmā (PE13/109). These 1910s words were probably based on the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread”, from which ᴱQ. almo or aldamo “back, shoulders” was derived (QL/29).

In Tolkien’s later writings, S. Egalmoth was given an entirely new etymology as “Pointed Helm-crest” (WJ/318).

Neo-Sindarin: Despite the change in the meaning of Egalmoth, I think ᴺS. amoth “shoulder” can be retained for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, reconceived as a derivative of √AM “up” (< ✱ammots-) and perhaps originally an augmentative using the suffix -oth = “✱most up (part of the torso)”.

Early Noldorin [PE13/137; PE13/139; PE13/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amrent

noun. lark

The word ᴱN. amrent or amrint “lark” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/137, 159), and the word amrint “lark” also appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon and Gnomish Lexicon Slips of the 1910s (GL/19; PE13/110), though in the Gnomish Lexicon the word was initially glossed “robin” (GL/19).

Possible Etymology: The etymology of this word isn’t entirely clear. When glossed “robin”, its initial element seems to have been G. am “breast” and hence probably = “red breast” with its second element a variant of G. crintha “rosy, pink”. When the word was changed to amrint “lark”, Tolkien marked this new entry with a “✱”, indicating it was part of its own derivational group rather than related to G. am “breast”. In the Gnomish Lexicon Slips Tolkien gave its primitive form as ᴱ✶ambarinþǝ (PE13/110) and in the Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s Tolkien gaves its Qenya equivalent as ᴱQ. ambarin(d-). That document also had the new form ᴱN. amrent indicating some kind of a-affection. It is conceivable that the initial element might be ᴱ√AM(U) “up”, but that seems unlikely since the lark is a ground bird.

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt ᴺS. amrent “lark” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, and assume it is derived from ✱ambarint(h)a of now-obscure meaning.

Early Noldorin [PE13/137; PE13/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ladwen

noun. plain, plain, [G.] heath; levelness, flatness; plane; surface

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “levelness, flatness; a plain, heath; plane; surface”, a more elaborate form of G. lad “a level, a flat” (GL/52). It reappeared in the Lays of Beleriand of the 1920s as an element in the name ᴱN. Loth-a-ladwen “Lily of the Plain” (LB/149), but there is no sign of it thereafter.

Early Noldorin [LB/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

teloth

noun. plain, plain; [G.] roofing, canopy, shelter

A noun appearing as G. teloth in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with the gloss {“roofing, cover, shelter” >>} “roofing, canopy, shelter” derived from the root ᴱ√tel- “cover in” (GL/70). It was an element in the name G. Dor-na-Dhaideloth “[Land of] the Heaven Roof” (LT2/287). In the Lays of Beleriand of the 1920s the element Deloth in this name was glossed “Plain” (LB/49). Both these meanings were later abandoned, and this name eventually became S. Dor Daedeloth “Land of Great Dread” (WJ/183).

Early Noldorin [LB/049] Group: Eldamo. Published by

adjective. high

Early Noldorin [PE13/141; PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gunn

noun. dragon

Early Noldorin [PE13/141; PE13/144; PE13/145; PE13/162] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aiw

noun. bird

Early Noldorin [PE13/136; PE13/158] Group: Eldamo. Published by

am(b)red

adjective. fated

Early Noldorin [PE13/137; PE13/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amon

noun. hill

Early Noldorin [PE13/137; PE13/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amrint

noun. lark

cunn

noun. dragon

Undetermined

adorn

place name. Adorn

A small river in Rohan that flowed into the Isen (LotR/1065). Tolkien said that the name is “of a form suitable to Sindarin but it is not interpretable. It must be supposed to be of pre-Númenórean origin adapted to Sindarin” (VT42/8, UTI/Adorn).

Undetermined [LotR/1065; LotRI/Adorn; UTI/Adorn; VT42/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive adûnaic

manaw

noun. spirit

The primitive form of manô “spirit” (SD/424). Its plural form manaw+yi is also attested.

Primitive adûnaic [SD/424] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

kūma

noun. void

Old Noldorin [Ety/KUM; EtyAC/KUM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rauta

noun. metal

Old Noldorin [Ety/RAUTĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tōra

adjective. lofty

Old Noldorin [Ety/TĀ; EtyAC/TĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orkhalla

adjective. superior

Old Noldorin [Ety/KHAL²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Ilkorin

tak

adjective. high

tök

adjective. high

Early Ilkorin [PE13/141; PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Solosimpi

daga

adjective. high

Solosimpi [PE13/141; PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ancient quenya

caia-

verb. [unglossed]

Ancient quenya [PE22/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by