i

article. the

i

pronoun. *those, whom

iki

interjection. look! (what I have)

isil

masculine name. Isil

Another name for Inwe (Ingwë) appearing in the earliest Lost Tales and Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (LT1/115, QL/43).

ilterendi

proper name. Ilterendi

Name of the chain of Angaino in the earliest Lost Tales, described as “fetters that might not be filed or cleft” (LT1/101). It might be derived from the root YḶTḶ and related to G. ilt- “to yoke, join”.

ilu

masculine name. Ilu

Shorter name of Ilúvatar (GL/50, LT1/61). It is probably related to ilu “ether”. In later writings it was likely replaced by Eru.

indorildo

masculine name. Indorildo

Variant form of Indorildo using the patronymic -il (LT2/217).

indorion

masculine name. Indorion

A name of Earendel as a descendant of Indor, a combination of that name with the patronymic suffix -ion (LT2/217, LT2A/Indorion). It also appeared as Indorildo (LT2/217).

ing

masculine name. Ing

A rejected name of Inwe (LT1/22) later reappearing as the (early) Noldorin cognate of that name: ᴱN. In(g) (SM/13, 84; PE13/148).

ingil

masculine name. Ingil

In the earliest Lost Tales, the name of the son of ᴱQ. Inwe (LT1/22). The son’s name contains an earlier, rejected name ᴱQ. Ing for his father. In unrelated story fragments from the 1920s, the name Ing was also used for a great lord who ruled England (LT2/301), and as such Ingil appeared as an element of the name ᴱQ. Ingilnóre “England” (QL/42). The name ᴹQ. Ingil still appeared in The Etymologies as a derivative of ᴹ√ING (Ety/ING), but in the contemporaneous narratives the name was changed to ᴹQ. Ingwiel. See Q. Ingwion for later developments of this name.

isil inwe

masculine name. Isil Inwe

Full name of Inwe (Ingwë) appearing in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/115).

isilmo

masculine name. Isilmo

The earliest name of the son of ᴱQ. Inwe (later Q. Ingwë) who at this early stage was also called Isil (QL/43).

iváre

masculine name. Iváre

Name of an Elvish minstrel in the earliest Lost Tales (LT2/10). The meaning of the name is unclear.

ilqingi

collective name. Ilqingi

Name for the people of Egalmoth in an early name list (PE13/104), probably a variant plural of iluqinga “rainbow”.

issemindon

proper name. Issemindon

Name for a race of people in an early name list (PE13/104), apparently a combination of is “snow” and mindon “tower”.

iswinde

feminine name. Iswinde

Qenya cognate of G. Isfin appearing in a name list from the 1910s (PE13/103).

ingwaiwar

collective name. Ingwaiwar

A name for the Anglo-Saxons derived from the name of their leader Inwe or Ing (LT2/304-5).

irtinsa

proper name. Irtinsa

Name of a lake in Valinor in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/193). Its meaning is unclear.

inwe

masculine name. Inwe

int

adverb. inwards

ir

noun. interior, centre, inwards, inner parts

illia

adjective. in multitudes

itisin

adjective. itching

irmin

noun. the inhabited world

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “the inhabited world” and derived from the root ᴱ√IŘI [IÐI] “dwell”, with the usual change of ancient ð > z > r (QL/43). It also appeared in the phrase ᴱQ. Irmina Telume “End of the World, Great End” in a list of names from the same period (PE13/104). In later writings it seems to have been supplanted by Q. Ambar of similar meaning.

is

noun. light snow

An noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “light snow” with stem form iss- and derived from the early root ᴱ√ISI [IÞI] (QL/43).

imbe

noun. hive

A word for “hive” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√IɃI “to swarm” (QL/41).

ilin

noun. milk

A word appearing as ᴱQ. ilin (ilim-) “milk” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√ILI “shine oily” (QL/42; PME/42).

Neo-Quenya: Qenya “oil” words were derived from other primitive forms in the 1920s (ᴱ✶mḷgo: PE13/139), but I prefer to retain ᴺQ. ilin “milk” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, derived from an Neo-Root ᴺ√ILIM.

itis

noun. a fly bite

The word ᴱQ. itis “a fly bite” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√ITI “peck, bite (of flies), annoy” (QL/43). Tolkien first wrote this form as itis(s-) implying a stem from of itiss-, but he erased the second s and wrote “(-s)” separately, which seems to imply a stem form of itis-.

Neo-Quenya: I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. itis [þ] based on the Neo-Root ᴺ√ITITH, chosen to preserve Late Quenya s in all forms, and extend its meaning to include both “fly bite” and “✱itch” based on the adjective itisin “itching”.

ilimba

adjective. milky

A word appearing as ᴱQ. ilimba “milky” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. ilin (ilim-) “milk” (QL/42).

Neo-Quenya: I retain ᴺQ. ilimba “milky” for purposes of Neo-Quenya as the adjectival form of ᴺQ. ilin “milk”.

indolis

noun. domicile

A word for “domicile” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. indo “house” under the early root ᴱ√IŘI [IÐI] “dwell” (QL/43).

ilsalunte

proper name. Silver Boat, Moon

A name for the Ship of the Moon in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/192), a combination of ilsa “silver” and lunte “ship”, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Ilsaluntë).

ilverin

masculine name. Littleheart

Qenya name of the “Gong Warden” of Cottage of the Lost Play (LT1/52), a character that does not appear in Tolkien’s later writings.

Conceptual Development: The name first appeared as ᴱQ. Elwenil(do), a diminutive form of ᴱQ. elwen “heart” (LT1A/Ilverin, LT2/202), a word appearing in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/35, 52). Tolkien apparently revised its etymology, but the revised form of its initial element does not appear, though its Gnomish equivalent does: G. ilf (GL/50).

ilkala

noun. *nighttime, darkness

A noun appearing in The Qenya Phonology from the 1910s (P12/4), unglossed but apparently a negated form of ᴱQ. kala “daytime”, so perhaps meaning “✱nighttime, darkness” as suggested by the editors.

ilma

noun. air

A word for “air” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/142), probably based on the early root ᴱ√ILU “ether”. Later ᴹQ. Ilma was used for “Starlight” (Ety/GIL; LR/205).

ilvaran

place name. Hall of the Moon King

Qenya cognate of G. Gilthavran, a location only mentioned in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GL/38). Since the first element of its Gnomish equivalent is G. giltha “white metal”, the initial element of the Qenya name may be related to its cognate ᴱQ. ilsa “silver”. The etymology of its second element is less clear. The Qenya name was first written as Ilwaran with a w, which hints that its initial element may at first have been related to the root ᴱ√ẆAÐA “dwell” via the (rejected) primitive form ᴱ✶gu̯ara-. After the revision, it is possible Tolkien conceived of the second element being derived from primitive ᴱ√MBARA “dwell, live”.

indositsina

adjective. domestic(ated)

An adjective for “domestic(ated)” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of ᴱQ. indo “house” with ᴱQ. sitsina “habitual, accustomed” (QL/43, 84).

io

noun. wine

A word appearing as {úle >> eo >>} io “wine” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/141).

Conceptual Development: A possible precursor to this word is ᴱQ. ulme “a kind of wine” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived the early root ᴱ√ULU “pour” (QL/97).

ion

masculine name. *Christ

In the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s, given as the “mystic name of God [as the] 2nd person of Blessed Trinity” (QL/43), hence = “Christ”. It was derived from yó “son” (QL/106).

itselokte

proper name. Pleiades, (lit.) Cluster of (Silver) Flies

Qenya name for the Pleiades appearing in both the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/43; PME/43). It was translated as “Cluster of (Silver) Flies”, a combination of itse “small fly” and lokte “flower-cluster”.

i torqeler

place name. The Tropics

Qenya name for “The Tropics” appearing in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/94). It is simply the plural of torqele “tropic heat”.

il-

prefix. un-; negative prefix

irilde

feminine name. Mortal Maiden

iska

adjective. pale white

ike

adjective. this

i mitta ’n·felda aksínen

the worst piece of steel

i oromandin eller tande

the wood-spirits came thither

i súru laustaner

the wind lausted (made a windy noise)

i·kal’antúlien

Light hath returned

ilsa

noun. (the mystic name of) silver

iluqinga

noun. rainbow

ilweran(ta)

noun. bridge of heaven, rainbow

inwir

collective name. Kindred of Inwë

inya

adjective. tiny

isqa

adjective. wise

iksa

adjective. reflexive 3rd sg. adj.

ikso

pronoun. reflexive 3rd sg.

ilko

pronoun. reflexive 3rd sg. pl.

ilt

noun. a dig or stab

ilt-

verb. to thrust home, come in

iluin(do)

noun. dwelling beyond the stars for the blessed

i lunte linganer

the boat hummed like a harp-string

ilwerantelimba

place name. [Gully of the] Rainbow Roof

inqavíka

adjective. exactly alike, identical

inta-

verb. to go (indefinite), fare, proceed

iqis

noun. requirement

iqista

noun. a request; if you please, please

irt

noun. peck, pinprick

irt-

verb. to peck, prick

irya

noun. wish

istaléra

adjective. *knowledgeable, wise

itisya-

verb. to itch, irritate

ikto

pronoun. reflexive 3rd sg.

il(l)oite

adjective. withered, dead

ilka

adjective. reflexive 3rd sg. pl. adj.

ilkarna

adjective. unfinished

ilumar

noun. dwelling beyond the stars for the blessed

iminqa

adjective. exactly alike, identical

inwilitse

noun. little fairy

iswa

adjective. wise

i·liante sa

that vine

i·ner qi

this man; this man (we have at present, etc.)

i·rendi tapatenda

thieves

indi

collective name. Men, Earth Dwellers

A collective term for men appearing in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s meaning “Earth Dwellers” (QL/43), a derivative of the root ᴱ√IÐI (written IŘI in QL). It was also given as ᴱQ. ildi from the (rejected) root ᴱ√ḶÐḶ (QL/42), but this form was rejected.

indo

noun. house

A word for “house” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√IŘI [IÐI] “dwell” (QL/43). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/43).

i vene kemen

proper name. *Shape of the Earth, Vessel of the Earth

Name of a very early map showing the lands of Middle-earth as parts of a ship, translated by Christopher Tolkien as “Shape of the Earth” or “Vessel of the Earth” (LT1/84-5), a combination of i “the”, vene “vessel” and kemen “Earth”.

indor

noun. master of house

A word for “master of house” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. indo “house” under the early root ᴱ√IŘI [IÐI] “dwell” (QL/43).

itse

noun. small fly

The word ᴱQ. itse “a small fly” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√ITI “peck, bite (of flies), annoy” (QL/43).

Conceptual Development: A similar (archaic) word ᴹQ. tsette “fly” appeared in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1940s (PE22/51). This word is questionable given that while ps and ks were listed among valid initial clusters in Quenya, ts was not (PE19/38, 80).

Neo-Quenya: I would retain the Early Qenya word as ᴺQ. itsë “small fly”.

i nori landar

place name. *The Great Lands

Name of the lands of Middle-earth in a very early map, translated by Christopher Tolkien as “The Great Lands” (LT1/84-5), a combination of i “the”, the plural of nóre “land” and the plural of landa “wide”.

ilwe

noun. sky, heavens

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s described as “sky, heavens, the blue air that is about the stars, the middle layers”, derived from the root ᴱ√ILU “ether, the slender airs among the stars” (QL/42). Hence it was above the lower airs (where people breathed) and below the upper airs (outer space); this arrangement of lower, middle, upper airs is one that Tolkien eventually abandoned in his later writings.

ingilnóre

place name. Tol Eressea, England

A name of Tol Eressea in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/42), a combination of the name of the Elf-lord Ingil and nóre “land”. At this early stage, Tol Eressea was equated to England.

inwilis

proper name. Faëry

A name of the land of “Fäery” in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/42), derived from the name of its people the Inwir.

inwinóre

place name. Fäery

A name for the land of “Fäery” in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/42), a combination of the name of the Elf-lord Inwe and nóre “land”. Tolkien at first indicated this was also a name for England, but apparently decided that was more properly Ingilnóre (LT1A/Inwë).

indor

masculine name. Lord of House

Qenya cognate of G. Indor on a name list from the 1910s (PE13/103). It is indor “master of house” used as a name.

ion

noun. son

In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. Ion was the “mystic name of God, 2nd Person of Blessed Trinity”, that is the “Son” in the “Father, Son, Holy Ghost” trinity (QL/43). In that document yon or yond- was given in a couple of places as (archaic?) words for “son” (QL/43, 106). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, Tolkien gave ion as the equivalent of ᴱN. gó “son”, along with a plural form yondi (PE13/113). However, in the English-Qenya Dictionary Tolkien said yondi was an irregular plural form of ᴱQ. yondo “son” (PE15/77), and this is the form he typically used in later writings.

iq-

verb. to beg, ‘pray’

@@@ entry states “only in this form” after iqin

irmaldi

collective name. Creatures of the Earth

A name for the inhabitants of the world, appearing in an early name list (PE14/9). It is derived from Irmardi (via dissimilation), so its second element is the plural of mardo “dweller”, a word that appears in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/60). The initial element of is Gnomish cognate G. Isbaroth is related to G. Idhru “World” (GL/50), so the initial element of the Qenya form is likely related to its Qenya equivalent irmin.

irmina telume

proper name. End of the World, Great End

A name for the end of the world in an early name list (PE13/104), a combination of a (early?) genitive form of irmin “world” with telúme “end”. In the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s, the world telúme by itself was glossed “the great end” (PME/91).

irin

noun. town

ista-

verb. to know

i air’ anūre

monks

i limbelu tuktalla nai mára

*the long search may be good

ilk-

verb. to seem

ilke

noun. appearance

inqa

adjective. same

i·aire qinde

nuns

i·eldar tulier

the Eldar have come

i·lambe’n·noldolion

the tongue of the gnomes

i·ner eldalluva

the man from the elves

i·ner i·táralda ’n·noldolion

the tallest man of (or among) the Gnomes

i·satto nér

both the men

ilkorin

proper name. Not of Kôr

ilu

noun. ether

ilúvatar

masculine name. Heavenly Father, Sky-father; Lord for Always

isse

noun. knowledge, lore

ie

adverb. ago, †long ago

il(l)aika

adjective. blunt

ildi

collective name. men

ille

noun. throng, crowd

imbile

noun. swarm, flock

inqile

noun. sameness

iqisya-

verb. to ask for, request

isqale

noun. cleverness

i-

prefix. she; 3rd sg. fem. pronoun

ielúme

adverb. long ago

iltanka

adjective. unsteady

imbilink

noun. sparrow

in

article. the

intya

?. [unglossed]

iqista-

verb. to ask for, request

isqalea

adjective. clever

i tolma kuluinen

the helm of gold

iye

adverb. ago

i·kuluina parma

the golden book

i·mar tye

that house (of yours)

i·yúyo elda(li)

*the two elves

i·yúyo n·eldalion

*the two elves

ni

pronoun. I; 1st sg. pronoun

mai ni·tule na tu·tulil nai

*if I come then they might come

alkarissen oilimain

in the last rays of light

The twenty-first phrase (line 25) of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/221) and the fifteenth phrase (line 26) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is the locative plural of alkar “rays of light”, followed by a poetic plural form of the adjective oilima “last”, as indicated by the Glossary Commentary accompanying the sixth draft (PE16/75).

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> alkar-i-ssen oilima-in = “✱ray-(plural)-in last-(plural)”

Conceptual Development: This phrase also appeared in the fourth, fifth and sixth drafts (OM1d-f: PE16/62, 72, 74). Tolkien first wrote the phrase in the fourth draft with both the noun and adjective in the locative, but without the final n: alkarisse oilimasse (OM1d: PE16/62). In the fifth draft he switched from the noun alkar to the adjective alkara, and changed the second word to the locative of the (adjective?) panyara of unclear meaning (OM1e: PE16/72). He settled on the final form of the phrase in the sixth draft (OM1f: PE16/74), and retained it for the final draft (MC/221).

lúnelinqe vear

in the flowing sea

The seventh line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/213). The first word is the compound lúnelinqe of the words lúne “blue” and linqe, the latter either a noun “stream” or an adjective “flowing”. The second word is an inflection vear of the noun vea; Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter suggest it might be an idiomatic use of the dative declension (PE16/83), but I think it might be a variant of the locative: the r-locative.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> lúne-linqe vea-r = “✱blue-flowing stream-in”

minga-ránar

in the moon waning

The seventeenth line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/213). The first word is the adjective minga “waning” followed by an inflected form ránar of Rána “Moon”. Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter suggest it might be an idiomatic use of the dative (PE16/85), but I think it might be a variant form of the locative: the r-locative.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> minga-rána-r = “✱waning-moon-in”

silda-ránar

in the moon gleaming

The sixteenth line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/213). The first word is the adjective silda “gleaming” followed by an inflected form ránar of Rána “Moon”. Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter suggest it might be an idiomatic use of the dative (PE16/85), but I think it might be a variant form of the locative: the r-locative.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> silda-rána-r = “✱gleaming-moon-in”

eriollo

place name. Ironcliffs

Qenya name for G. Angol appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GL/19), a compound of ere(n) “iron” and ollo “cliff” according to Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Eriol). In the tales themselves this name appeared as Erenol, but was soon changed to Evadrien.

íverin

place name. Ireland

Elvish name for Ireland in the earliest Lost Tales (LT2/283), appearing also as Íwerin or Iverindor in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/18). The meaning of the name is unclear.

angien

masculine name. Iron-god

A rejected Qenya name for G. Angainos (GL/18), probably related to anga “iron”.

ari-

prefix. intensive

hir

noun. inwards, interior, inside, heart

liqilitl

noun. icicle, *(lit.) clear drop

a kálie kulundon

it shone like gold

eldarisse

adverb. in the language of the Eldar

etil

noun. ivy

e tulien

is having come, has come

kirya kalliére

the ship shone

The seventh phrase of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/220). The first word is kirya “ship” followed by the past 3rd-singular feminine form of the verb kala- “to shine”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> kirya kall-ié-re = “✱ship shine-(past)-she”

Conceptual Development: This phrase appeared in the second draft of the poem, though Tolkien first wrote (and then deleted) the definite article i, and he put kirya into its nominative form kiryan (OM1b: PE16/57-8). For unclear reasons, he abandoned the nominative form in fourth and all later drafts (OM1d: PE16/62). This change was not reflected in the English translation; Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter speculated on its possible revised meaning in the Early Qenya Poetry article (PE16/62, notes on line #7).

kiw-

verb. *to germinate, impregnate

A Qenya word or word-element in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s derived from primitive giu̯i, the basis for G. giothra- “germinate” and so perhaps of similar meaning (GL/39). It demonstrates how primitive initial g became k in Early Qenya of the 1910s. There is nothing in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon of similar form and meaning.

laivarisse lúnelinqe talalínen tinwelindon?

*in the blue-flowing sea with sails like stars?

The second phrase (lines 3-4) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is the locative plural of the noun laivar “ocean” followed by the compound lúnelinqe of the words lúne “blue” and linqe “flowing”. This is followed by the instrumental plural of tala “sail” and the adverbial plural form of tinwe “star”: tinwelindon = “like stars”.

The sense of the phrase resembles the third and fourth lines of the English translations of the poem LA2a-LA2b (PE16/68-9): “with/in the flowing sea upon wings like stars”. The locative phrase laivarisse lúnelinqe “✱in sea blue-flowing” is quite close: the English omits only the word “blue”. The instrumental form talalínen “✱with sails” is more loosely translated as “upon wings”; the ship’s sails are equated to wings in other versions of the poem as well.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> laivar-i-sse lúne-linqe tala-lí-nen tinwe-li-ndon = “✱sea-(plural)-in blue-flowing sail-(plural)-with star-(plural)-like”

Conceptual Development: The locative plural for “in seas” was first given as vainolisse, apparently a variant of the noun Vai “(outer) ocean” (PE16/78).

lattin

noun. window

A word appearing as ᴱQ. lattin or lattulis “window” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. lat (latt-) “flap, small hinged door, lid” (QL/51).

Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. lat (latt-) as a derivative of the later root √LAT “open”, I would retain ᴺQ. lattin “window” as well, a word also used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

enyarin

noun. device, escutcheon, blazon

A word appearing as ᴱQ. enyarin “device, escutcheon [an emblem or shield bearing a coat of arms]” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. enya “device, machine, engine” under the early root ᴱ√ENE (QL/35). The word enyarin was glossed “blazon” in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/35). As such it seems this word applied to shields, emblems and flags bearing a coat of arms or other symbol representing a person or organization.

Neo-Quenya: Since I adapt ᴱQ. enya “device, machine” as Neo-Quenya ᴺQ. indya, I would likewise adapt this word as ᴺQ. indyarin “device, escutcheon, blazon”.

akairis

feminine name. Bride

Another name for Erinti appearing in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/36). It is simply akairis “bride” used as a name.

elwenil(do)

masculine name. Littleheart

Earlier (and ultimately rejected) name for ᴱQ. Ilverin, also appearing as Elbenil (LT2/202). Its initial element is elwen “heart”, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Ilverin).

kiris iluqingatelda

place name. Gully of the Rainbow Roof

In an early name list, Qenya cognate of G. Cris a Teld Quing Ilon, precursor to S. Cirith Ninniach (PE13/101). It is a combination of kiris “cleft”, iluqinga “rainbow” and telda “(having a) roof”, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT2A/Teld Quing Ilon). In one early name list it appeared beside a variant form Kiris Ilqintelimba (PE13/101) where the second element contained telimbo “canopy”. Yet another variant form, Ilwerantelimba appeared in a different name list (PE15/21), with the initial element ilweran(ta) “rainbow”.

ílivarda

feminine name. Ílivarda

A name of Varda appear in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s along with the variant Īlivarni (GL/37), apparently a combination of that name in its sense “queen” with íle “star”, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien and illustrated by its Gnomish equivalent Gailbridh(n)ir “Queen of Stars” (LT1A/Tinwetári).

aiko

noun. cliff

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. aiko (aiku-) “cliff” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, apparently a noun variant of ᴱQ. aiqa “steep” appearing nearby (QL/29). Since ᴹQ. aiqa “steep” continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings (Ety/AYAK), perhaps this word can be salvaged for Neo-Quenya writing as ᴺQ. aico (aicu-).

eldarien

place name. Elfinesse

A Qenya name for “Elfinesse” (kingdom of the Elves) in an early name list (PE15/61, 71), an elaboration of Elda “Elf”.

kangaris

noun. spider

A word for “spider” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, based on the verb ᴱQ. kanga- “weave, spin” from the early root ᴱ√KANGA (QL/45), also appearing in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/45).

ísi

feminine name. Ísi

Qenya cognate of G. Aisir, a name of Ivon (Yavanna) appearing only in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GL/18).

evadrien

place name. Coast of Iron

The region of “the West” in the earliest Lost Tales glossed “Coast of Iron” (LT2/313), changed from Erenol (LT2/334). Its etymology is unclear.

aiqasse

noun. precipice

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. aiqasse “precipice” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a noun formation from ᴱQ. aiqa “steep” appearing nearby (QL/29). Since ᴹQ. aiqa “steep” continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings (Ety/AYAK), perhaps this word can be salvaged for Neo-Quenya writing as ᴺQ. aiquassë.

lailekse

noun. willow

A word for a “willow” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, appearing beside the more usual “willow” word ᴱQ. tassarin (PE16/139). There is no sign of lailekse outside of this 1920s document.

angaina

adjective. of iron

angamandi

place name. Hells of Iron

finie

noun. cunning

hesin

noun. winter

koire

noun. life

-i

suffix. plural suffix

-itse

suffix. diminutive

alkarissen oilimain

*in the last rays of light

attalaite

adjective. biped

attalin

noun. biped

fandelúvie

noun. monstrosity, immoderation, violence, barbarity, grossness

ha·matsir

one eats it, it is eaten

hil(de)

noun. child

mi

preposition. *in

silda

adjective. gleaming

-(l)inta

suffix. diminutive

-(w)inta

suffix. diminutive

-inya

suffix. diminutive

-itsa

suffix. diminutive

-linte

suffix. diminutive

-litse

suffix. diminutive

-tsi

suffix. feminine suffix

eldarinan

place name. Elfinesse

finde

noun. cunning

fui

noun. night

koi

noun. life

koile

noun. life

kolimen

noun. prick

lattulis

noun. window

mi(e)-

prefix. diminutive

miki-

prefix. diminutive

ni

adjective. this

nierwe

noun. hive

piet

noun. pin

si

adjective. this

sinda

adjective. sinda

tassarin

noun. willow

turille

noun. princess

fion

noun. son

A word glossed {“nephew” >>} “son” in an isolated entry of the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with stem form fiond- (QL/37). The same word appeared unglossed under the early root ᴱ√SUẈU where it was derived from primitive ᴱ✶þẉ-iı̯on-d (QL/87).

hilk-

verb. to freeze

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as ᴱQ. hilkin “it freezes” based on the early root ᴱ√HḶKḶ, a variant of ᴱ√HELE (QL/39).

Neo-Quenya: Since there is no sign of ᴱ√HḶKḶ in Tolkien’s later writings, I think it is best is adapt this verb as ᴺQ. hel- “freeze” based directly on the later root √KHEL of ice words. Since the root is ice-related, I’d limit the meaning of this verb to the freezing of water and similar substances. For freezing weather, I’d use Q. nicu-.

ailin

noun. shore

A word for “shore” in the ᴱQ. Oilima Markirya poem and its draft of the late 1920s (MC/213, 221), in one place given an archaic form aile and a translation “beach” (PE16/75). In the version of the Markirya poem from the 1960s, this word became Q. hresta (MC/221-222), whereas Q. ailin itself usually meant “lake” in later writings.

anai

noun. woman

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s form “woman” with variants anai and anî, a feminine form ᴱQ. anu “a male” (QL/31).

hilu

noun. son

A word for “son” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants hilu and hilmo under the early root ᴱ√HILI (QL/40), both variants also appearing in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/40).

laivar

noun. ocean

A word glossed “ocean” in notes associated with drafts of the Oilima Markirya from around 1930 (PE16/77). This word did not appear in the final version of the poem. Its etymology is unclear, but Gilson, Welden and Hostetter suggest it might be connected to ᴱQ. laiqa “green”, a colour used to describe the ocean in some drafts of the poem (PE16/78).

hoiye

noun. foam

A noun in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s glossed “foam” (PE16/136). Its etymology is unclear.

kangawinda

noun. cobweb

A word for “cobweb” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/45), apparently a combination of the verb ᴱQ. kanga- “weave” and the noun ᴱQ. winda “woof”. It also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/45).

fingwa

adjective. narrow

hi

pronoun. she; 3rd sg. fem. pronoun

kaivo

noun. corpse

kuluina

adjective. golden

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

umpai

?. [unglossed]

-ion

suffix. -son

-issa

suffix. language

faire

adjective. free

laiqa

adjective. green

laurina

adjective. golden

-léni

suffix. long

aire

adjective. old

ambi

noun. mother

amis

noun. mother

angaisin(i)e

noun. torment

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

ausi-

prefix. well

faika

adjective. free

halis

noun. rush

hari

noun. blood

hari-

verb. to hate

heri

noun. lady

heruni

noun. lady

kaitoile

noun. rest

kasien

noun. helmet

kasqar(in)

noun. helmet

kilin

noun. bell

kilinke

verb. small bell

kisin

adjective. cleft

kuluvoite

adjective. golden

laiwa

adjective. pale

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

nierme

?. [unglossed]

saile

noun. [unglossed]

si

pronoun. they; 3rd pl. fem. pronoun

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

yaim-

verb. to possess

korima

adjective. round

amaimi

noun. mother

ammi

noun. mother

anaina

adjective. womanly

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

firin

noun. necklace

haliske

noun. rush

hestanoinu

noun. brother

hilmo

noun. son

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

histe

noun/adjective. dusk

kilintl

verb. small bell

laika

adjective. green

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

malin(d)

adjective. yellow

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

qinya

adjective. female

serindo

noun. crown

taurie

noun. forest

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

vingwe

?. [unglossed]

yaima-

verb. to possess

âmi

noun. mother

nímo

pronoun. I (emphatic); 1st sg. pronoun

etl

noun. ivy

A word appearing as ᴱQ. etl “ivy” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√ETE “cling together” (QL/36). In the Qenya Lexicon it had an alternate form etil.

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing, √ET meant “out(side)”, but I think this ivy word can still be based on this root in the sense of “✱a thing clinging to the outside”; I would thus use ᴺQ. etil “ivy” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

lanta-ránar

in the moon falling

The eighteenth line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/214). The first word is the adjective lanta “falling” followed by an inflected form ránar of Rána “Moon”. Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter suggest it might be an idiomatic use of the dative (PE16/85), but I think it might be a variant form of the locative: the r-locative.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> lanta-rána-r = “✱falling-moon-in”

laulemo

noun. inhabitant

A word appearing as ᴱQ. laulemo “inhabitant” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an agental form of ᴱQ. laule “(mode of) life” under the early root ᴱ√LAWA (QL/52).

Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. laulë “(mode of) life” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would retain ᴺQ. laulemo “inhabitant” as well.

laulema

adjective. inhabiting

A word appearing as ᴱQ. laulema “inhabiting” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, apparently an adjectival form of ᴱQ. laulemo “inhabitant” (QL/52).

Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. laulemo “inhabitant” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would retain ᴺQ. laulema “inhabiting” as well.

ha

pronoun. it; 3rd sg. neut. pronoun

anga

noun. iron

ere(n)

noun. iron, steel

helkarakse

place name. Icefang

a

pronoun. it

aka-

prefix. intensive

aru

adverb. in addition, as well, besides

helka

adjective. ice-cold

helke

noun. ice

kordon

noun. idol

(h)a·tule

it comes (some definite thing)

a-

prefix. it; 3rd sg. neut. pronoun

are-

prefix. intensive

eldaqetse

adverb. in the language of the Eldar

ha·tule

it (some definite thing) comes

hea

pronoun. it (emphatic); 3rd sg. neut. pronoun

tolle

noun. island

kalavente

proper name. Ship of Light

A name for the sun in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/188), a combination of kala “light” and a variant of vene “vessel”. The name was later changed to Sári (LT1/198).

angasan

place name. Halls of Iron

A name appearing in early name lists but not in the Lost Tales (PE13/104; PE15/20), a compound of anga “iron” and san “hall”.

fantl

noun. vision, dream, hazy notion, imaginary idea

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “vision, dream, hazy notion, imaginary idea” under the early root ᴱ√FANA (QL/37).

kala-

verb. to shine

anta-

verb. to give

hepe-

verb. to bind

eremandu

place name. Hells of Iron

kuruvar

noun. wizard

kále

noun. morning

(h)áva

adjective. *its; 3rd sg. neut. possessive emphatic

-ma

suffix. passive participle

-íne(a)

suffix. diminutive

a-

prefix. *intensive prefix

aka

adverb. very, intensive

akta

noun. notion

ala

noun. wing

ambo

noun. hill

amun

noun. hill

aqa-

verb. to seize

ar

noun. child

are

adverb. very, intensive

dachen

adjective. slain

ent

noun. notion, plan, idea

enya

noun. device, method, trick; machine, engine

erus(ta)

noun/adjective. outside

kal(l)u-

verb. to illuminate, to light up

kalka

noun. sickle

kondor

noun. warrior

kosar

noun. soldier

kulp-

verb. to contain

kum-

verb. to pile up

lasta

noun. sight

lava-

verb. to lick

ma

adverb. *interrogative particle

on(t)

noun. everything

turwen

noun. princess

â

noun. mind, inner thought

-lle

suffix. diminutive

arne

noun. child

hyan-

verb. to injure

kal-

verb. to shine

kala

noun. morning

laume

noun. life

men

preposition. ?with, in(to), on

napsa

noun. suspicion

neta

noun. thing

olóle

adverb. very, intensive

omanaste

noun. omnipresence

sen

preposition. as, like, in manner of

sok-

verb. to drink

takse

noun. nail

turanwen

noun. princess

vanwe

noun. wind

velu

noun. sail

vá

noun. wind

wasse

noun. wing

yereva

adjective. of iron

korne

noun. loaf

A word appearing as ᴱQ. korne “loaf” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√KORO “be round, roll” (QL/48), likely referring to the round or cylindrical shape of a loaf.

Neo-Quenya: Since √KOR “round” survived in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain ᴺQ. cornë “loaf” as well.

eule

noun. lamb

The word ᴱQ. eule “lamb” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√EWE (QL/36). Unglossed ᴱQ. eulitse seems to be a diminutive form = “✱little lamb”

Neo-Quenya: I would retain this word as ᴺQ. eulë for purposes of Neo-Quenya; Helge Fausganger used this word for “lamb” in his Neo-Quenya New Testament (NQNT).

elwen

noun. heart

A word appearing as ᴱQ. Elben “heart” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin of the 1910s (LT2/202; PE15/23), but as ᴱQ. Elwen “heart” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√LEFE (QL/35, 52). These words were connected to the character G. Elfrith who vanished from later versions of the Legendarium.

kópas

place name. Haven

Short name for Kópas Alqalunte(n) in the earliest Lost Tales (LT2/255).

fanwe

noun. dream

A noun for “dream” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√FANA (QL/37). It reappeared unglossed in the phrase ᴱQ. fanwen tollillon lómealloi appearing in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, apparently meaning “✱a dream from the gloomy islands” (PE16/147).

fatanyu

place name. Hell

Qenya name for G. Inthanfog “Hell” (GL/51). In might be a compound of Fâ “Lowest Air” and some form of tan(y)a “fire”, since its Gnomish equivalent contains G. Tanfa “hot air of the deep places”.

fauta-

verb. to snow

A Qenya verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, cognate to G. fôtha “it snows” (GL/35).

fáwe

noun. snow

A Qenya noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, cognate to G. fô “snow” (GL/35).

herendo

noun. brother

A word for “brother” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with numerous variants: herendo or herēro, hestaner, and hesta(noi)nu, all based on the early root ᴱ√HESE that was the basis for “brother” and “sister” words (QL/40). Of these Tolkien said herendo/herēro was the “ordinary word”, and herendo appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/40).

kolume

noun. body

A word for “body” in notes on parts of the body from the 1920s (PE14/117).

maqar

noun. jaw

A noun for “jaw” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√MATA “eat” (QL/59-60).

táta

noun. hat

A word appearing as ᴱQ. tâta in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as a cognate of G. tôd “hat” (GL/71).

kangale

noun. web

A word for “web” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, based on the verb ᴱQ. kanga- “weave, spin” from the early root ᴱ√KANGA (QL/45), also appearing in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/45).

karkanel

noun. fang

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “fang”, a combination of ᴱQ. karka “fang” and ᴱQ. nele “tooth” (QL/48).

ektar

noun. swordsman

kulu

noun. gold

alda

noun. tree, branch

e-

verb. to be

hon

noun. heart

kara-

verb. to do, make

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

íne

adverb. to-day

atar

noun. father

earendel

masculine name. Earendel

kanu

noun. lead

(m)ambe

noun. mother

alkar

noun. glory

ama

noun. mother

ambos

noun. breast

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

anto

noun. jaw

anwe

?. [unglossed]

apte

adjective. open

attu

noun. father

avesta

noun. summer

eant

?. [unglossed]

ehta

noun. thorn

ekke

noun. thorn

ekte

noun. sword

elk

noun. spear

ematte

?. [unglossed]

en(we)

noun. name

en-

verb. to be called

ere-

verb. to go

eressea

adjective. lonely

eru

adverb. once

falmo

noun. foam

fan

noun. dog

feng-

verb. to cut

fenume

noun. dragon

hen

noun. eye

heru

noun. lord

heru-

verb. to rule

hestanu

noun. brother

hetl

noun. bond

holle

noun. shout

huan

noun. dog

@@@ reflects older sw- > hu-

hyehta-

verb. to jerk

ka

?. [unglossed]

kaka-

verb. to laugh

kalla

noun. helmet

kalumet

noun. lamp

kamba

noun. bed

kana

adjective. young

kanta

cardinal. four

kante

noun. edge

kar

noun. head

karon

noun. crow

kaune

noun. grave

kelu-

verb. to flow

keres

noun. earthenware

kondo

noun. dragon

kâ

noun. jaw

lak

noun. snare

lantanwa

adjective. [unglossed]

las

noun. [unglossed]

lempea

adjective. half

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

lá

noun. day

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

na

preposition. for

oma

noun. everywhere

póme

noun. north

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

sauke

?. [unglossed]

sehta-

verb. to see

súme

?. [unglossed]

talqe

noun. glass

tu

pronoun. he

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

usult

?. [unglossed]

yu

?. [unglossed]

ó-

verb. to be

latta

noun. year

-oran

suffix. town

-yon

suffix. -son

alle

?. [unglossed]

alluva

adjective. clean

amarto

noun. fate

ambe

noun. mother

anda

adjective. long

andra

adjective. long

angwe

?. [unglossed]

anqa(r)

noun. ear

anî

noun. woman

atto

noun. father

el

adverb/adjective. one

elben

noun. heart

elt

noun. spear

enken

adverb. then

entan

adverb. then

falka

adjective. bad

feng

noun. serpent

heréro

noun. brother

hestaner

noun. brother

honde

noun. heart

hondo

noun. heart

hosta

noun. folk

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

hyekka

noun. jerk

keresto

noun. potter

kuluksa

adjective. golden

kópas

noun. haven

lanta-

verb. to fall

laurea

adjective. golden

londa

noun. heart

mak-

verb. to slay

mat-

verb. to eat

nyor-

verb. to run

orme

noun. tree

poar

noun. north

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

qende

noun. Elf

ralle

?. [unglossed]

tatto

noun. father

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

valle

?. [unglossed]

yalte

noun. yoke

yon

noun. son

úv-

prefix. un-