ai

pronoun. for those who

ai

interjection. ah!

Though attested in LotR, this word might relate to ae.1 , with the regular change from ai to ae between Noldorin and Sindarin

ai

interjection. 'hail!'

interj. 'hail!', or less formally 'ha there you are'. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'.

ai

interjection. hail!, hail, [ᴱN.] cry of pain or woe, [G.] oh!

Cognates

• Q. aiya “hail; behold, lo”

Element in

• S. ai na vedui Dúnadan “Ah! at last, Dúnadan!” ✧ LotR/0209; PE17/016

Variations

• Ai ✧ LotR/0209
• ai ✧ PE17/016

ai

pronoun. *those who

Changes

• ayath → ay ✧ VT44/22
• ay → ai ✧ VT44/30

Element in

• S. sui mín i gohenam di ai gerir úgerth ammen “as we forgive those who trespass against us” ✧ VT44/30

Variations

• ayath ✧ VT44/22 (ayath)
• ay ✧ VT44/22 (ay)
• ai ✧ VT44/30

a

interjection. o

interj. o. A Elbereth Gilthoniel 'O Elbereth Who lit the Stars'.

a

interjection. O!

Element in

• S. ae Adar nín i vi Menel “our Father who [art] in Heaven” ✧ VT44/22
• S. a Elbereth Gilthoniel “o Elbereth who lit the stars” ✧ LotR/0238; LotR/0729; RGEO/63; RGEO/64; RGEO/64
• S. a Hîr Annûn Gilthoniel “*oh Lady of the West, Star-kindler” ✧ LB/354
• S. a tiro nin, Fanuilos “o guard me, Elbereth” ✧ LotR/0729; RGEO/64

Variations

• A ✧ LB/354; LotR/0238; LotR/0729; LotR/0729; RGEO/63; RGEO/64; RGEO/64; RGEO/64
• a ✧ Let/279
• Ae ✧ VT44/22

dangen

adjective. slain

An adjective for “slain” derived from primitive ✶dankĭna (PE17/133), best known from its (mutated plural) appearance in the name Haudh-en-Ndengin “Hill of Slain” (S/197). N. dangen “slain” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NDAK “slay” (Ety/NDAK). This adjective is likely the passive participle of the verb dag- “to slay”.

Conceptual Development: A similar adjective ᴱN. danc “killed in battle” appeared in the Early Qenya Phonology of the 1920s, also related to ᴱN. dag- “slay” (PE14/66).

Cognates

• north S. dachen “slain” ✧ PE17/133

Derivations

• ✶dankĭna “slain” ✧ PE17/133

Element in

• S. Haudh-en-Ndengin “Hill of Slain, (lit.) Mound of the Slain” ✧ PE17/133
• S. i mbair en Ndengin “the houses of the Slain” ✧ PE17/097

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶dankĭna > daŋχen > danghen > dangen	[daŋkina] > [daŋkʰina] > [daŋxina] > [daŋxena] > [daŋxen] > [daŋgen]	✧ PE17/133
✶dankĭna > nenghin	[daŋkini] > [daŋkʰini] > [daŋxini] > [deŋxini] > [deŋxin] > [deŋgin]	✧ PE17/133

ae

interjection. O!

han

that

pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.

san

pronoun. that

Derivations

• ✶san- “that” ✧ PE17/042

Element in

• S. im Narvi hain echant “I, Narvi, made them” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/042

ai!

hail

! (interjection) ai! _(according to one interpretation of Glorfindel_s cry ai na vedui, Dúnadan!)

ai!

hail

(according to one interpretation of Glorfindel’s cry ai na vedui, Dúnadan!)

a

o

;  O Elbereth Gilthoniel A Elbereth Gilthoniel. The alternative form ae may be used when the next word begins in a: Ae Adar nín, O my Father (VT44:23). By another theory, ae represents a + the definite article i (✱a i Adar nín "o the Father of mine").

i

that

(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.

dag

slain

(passive participle of dag- "slay", but treated almost like a derived noun) dangen (i nangen, o ndangen), pl. dengin (i ndengin; the spelling "in-ndengin" occurs in the Silmarillion). Compare SLAY.

dag

slain

"slay", but treated almost like a derived noun) dangen (i nangen, o ndangen), pl. dengin* (i ndengin*; the spelling "in-ndengin" occurs in the Silmarillion). Compare

alae!

ah

! (interjection) alae!

alae!

ah

am

upon

(prep.) am (probably followed by soft mutation)

am

upon

(probably followed by soft mutation)

sa

pronoun. that

Derivations

• ✶sa “3 sg. neuter [it], the thing, impersonal; this by me, [ᴱ√] demonstrative”

lhaew

ill

*lhaew (sick, sickly), lenited ?thlaew or ?laew (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thloew, flaew.

lhaew

ill

(sick, sickly), lenited ?thlaew or ?laew (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thloew, flaew.

nae

alas

(interjection) nae

nae

alas

taw

that

(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _

taw

pronoun. that

Derivations

• √TA “that, there, then; demonstrative”

taw

that

. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v.