Though attested in LotR, this word might relate to ae.1 , with the regular change from ai to ae between Noldorin and Sindarin
Sindarin
ai
interjection. 'hail!'
ai
interjection. hail!, hail, [ᴱN.] cry of pain or woe, [G.] oh!
ai
interjection. ah!
ai
pronoun. *those who
ai
pronoun. for those who
aiglos
proper name. Aiglos
ai na vedui dúnadan
Ah! at last, Dúnadan!
air
adjective. lonely
ailin
noun. a large lake
_ n. _a large lake.
ain
adverb. *should, could
andaith
noun. long-mark, sign used in writing alphabetic tengwar over a vowel, to indicate that it is lengthened.
taith
noun. mark
ai!
hail
! (interjection) ai! _(according to one interpretation of Glorfindel_s cry ai na vedui, Dúnadan!)
ai!
hail
(according to one interpretation of Glorfindel’s cry ai na vedui, Dúnadan!)
govannen
Ai na vedui Dúnadan
pp. of govan-. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'. Tolkien notes that the explanation with the stem ba(n) "Won't really do".
aich
adverb. also
ain
adjective. same, identical
A Neo-Sindarin analog of Q. imya. As originally coined by Fiona Jallings this word was aif, but Elaran pointed out that likely it would become ain because [[os|[mj] became [nj]]] in Old Sindarin: [imjā] > [inja] > [enja] > [ein] > [ain].
aif
adjective. same
aig
sharp
(no distinct pl. form).
aith
point of spear, spear point
(no distinct pl. form)
aith
noun. spear-point, [ᴱN.] spear, thorn
gwelu
noun. air (as substance)
lind
noun. air, tune
taith
mark
(noun) taith (i daith, o thaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaith). Archaic teith.
taith
mark
(i daith, o thaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaith). Archaic teith.
aedaith
noun. reverence, worship, religion
naith
spearhead
(gore, wedge, point, promontory); no distinct pl. form;
ered engrin
place name. Iron Mountains
The “Iron Mountains” around Morgoth’s realm (S/118). This name is a combination of the plural of orod “mountain” and the plural of the adjective angren “of iron” (SA/orod, anga).
Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this name was as G. Angorodin (LT2/77). It was revised in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s, first to (singular) ᴱN. Aiglir Angrin and then to (plural) N. Eiglir Engrin (LB/49), forms that also appeared in the Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/220). In the mid-30s, the form N. Ered-engrin first appeared (LR/258), and The Etymologies from the same period, it already had the derivation given above (Ety/ÓROT).
dangen
adjective. slain
An adjective for “slain” derived from primitive ✶dankĭna (PE17/133), best known from its (mutated plural) appearance in the name Haudh-en-Ndengin “Hill of Slain” (S/197). N. dangen “slain” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NDAK “slay” (Ety/NDAK). This adjective is likely the passive participle of the verb dag- “to slay”.
Conceptual Development: A similar adjective ᴱN. danc “killed in battle” appeared in the Early Qenya Phonology of the 1920s, also related to ᴱN. dag- “slay” (PE14/66).
naegra-
verb. to pain
nimp
adjective. small and frail
rim
noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)
aen
adverb. *should, could
The exact meaning of aen in King’s Letter has long been a source of speculation. It is generally thought to be some sort of subjunctive marker (“should”) or other marker of uncertainty, the earliest idea along these lines being Carl Hostetter’s suggestion that it might be related to Q. nai “may it be” (VT31/16). The 2023 publication of the earliest draft of the letter in The Art of the Manuscript provides very strong evidence for this theory. In this earliest draft, the word was first written as ge (AotM/62), likely a mutated form of ce which could be the cognate of Q. cé “maybe” or “if” (VT49/19). This was revised to ain, likely based on primitive ✶ai “supposing” from around this period (PE22/139). This was revised to aen in all later versions of the letter, reflecting the Sindarin sound change whereby ai became ae.
Assuming this analysis is correct, then aen probably means something like “should” or “could” and the untranslated parenthetical comment i sennui Panthael estathar aen means something like “who [rather?] should be called Fullwise”, a play on Sam’s actual name Panthael = “Halfwise”.
aeglos
proper name. Snow-point
Spear of Gil-galad (S/294), translated “Snow-point” (SI/Aeglos), a compound of aeg “point” and loss “snow” (SA/los). In editions of The Lord of the Rings prior to 2005, this name was spelled Aiglos (RC/231), but Tolkien commented that this was only a variant spelling for English speakers who would have difficulty distinguishing [ae] and [ai] (VT42/11). The word aeglos was also the Sindarin name for a plant, translated “snowthorn”.
ael
noun. lake, pool
A noun for “lake, pool”, appearing as an element in Aeluin “✱Blue Lake” and Aelin-uial “Meres of Twilight” (S/114, 122). The latter name has its plural form aelin = “meres, ✱pools, lakes”.
Conceptual Development: This word had a long history as a cognate to Q. ailin; although the Quenya form was quite stable, the Gnomish/Noldorin/Sindarin forms went through a number of changes. The earliest iterations of this word appeared in in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as G. ail “a lake, pool” or G. ailion “lake” (GL/17). In the Gnomish Lexicon Slips the latter became {ailin >>} eilin “pool” (PE13/113). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien had ᴱN. ailin “lake” with plural form ailiniath from Old Noldorin oilin (PE13/136, 158).
In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had N. oel “pool, lake” derived from primitive ᴹ✶ailin, a combination of the root ᴹ√AY and ᴹ√LIN (Ety/AY, LIN¹). In that document, its plural form was oelin (Ety/AY), where the plural preserved the final n that was lost in the singular. In The Etymologies it was an element of N. Oelinuial “Pools of Twilight” (Ety/AY), but in the contemporaneous narratives this name was Aelin-uial (LR/262), as it was in later Sindarin (S/114, 122). This reflects Tolkien’s vacillation on the development of the diphthong ai in Noldorin.
In The Silmarillion appendix Christopher Tolkien implied the regular Sindarin form of this word was aelin (SA/aelin), but more likely this was the plural form in Sindarin, as oelin was the plural in Noldorin.
aew
noun. (small) bird
A noun meaning “(small) bird” (SA/lin¹, Ety/AIWĒ), appearing in the name Linaewen “Lake of Birds” (S/119, UT/401). It was derived from primitive ᴹ✶aiwē like its Quenta cognate aiwë (Ety/AIWĒ), with the primitive diphthong ai becoming the ae in Sindarin.
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, G. aigli “bird” was given as a derivative of the root ᴱ√aı̯, though in this early iteration Tolkien said it especially applied to larger instead of smaller birds (GL/17). In Early Noldorin notes from the 1920s, it became ᴱN. aiw “bird” (PE13/136, 158). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the form became N. aew “(small) bird” (Ety/AIWĒ), and this is the source of the derivation given above.
gaear
noun. sea
A word for “sea” variously attested as gaear (PE17/027; PM/363; WJ/400), gaer (PE17/27; PE17/149), and aear (Let/386; RGEO/65) in later writings. Of these, I prefer gaear for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, reduced to gaer in compounds.
Possible Etymology: The presence or absence of the initial g- depends on whether the word’s root is √AY(AR) (as it appears in The Etymologies and some later writings) or √GAY(AR) (as it appears in other later writings). See the entry of the root √GAY(AR) for a discussion of this vacillation. Similarly, the form gaer appears primarily as an element in compounds, and can be explained as a reduced form of gaear in that context. For these reasons, this entry uses gaear as the ordinary Sindarin word for “sea”. This has the additional advantage of disambiguating it from the adjective gaer “dreadful”.
Conceptual Development: This word appeared as N. oer or oear “sea” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, reflecting the Noldorin sound change of ai to oe (Ety/AY). However name for the “Great Sea” was N. {Belegar >>} Belegaer in the narratives of this period (LR/19), and the name N. Rhûnaer “Eastern Sea” appeared in draft Lord of the Rings maps from 1943 (TI/307). The element N. oer did appear in the day-of-the-week name N. Aroeren “✱Sea-day” in drafts of The Lord of the Rings appendices, but this was revised to S. Oraeron (PM/130, 138).
aerandir
masculine name. Sea-wanderer
A companion of Eärendil (S/248).
Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, his name was given as N. Airandir (LR/324), changed to Aerandir in revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/246).
Possible Etymology: The second element of this name is very likely S. randir “wanderer” (SA/ran), but the meaning of the initial element is unclear. Christopher Tolkien translated this name as “Sea-wanderer” in The Silmarillion index (SI/Aerandir). If correct, the initial element is probably some form of S. gaear “sea”. This is problematic, since in J.R.R. Tolkien’s late writings this word usually (but not always) began with a g, which would have no reason to vanish in the initial position.
The Noldorin form of this name was Airandir. In The Etymologies, the Noldorin word for “sea” was N. oer (Ety/AY). Noldorin [oe] sometimes appeared as [ai] in names from earlier narratives. For example, compare (ᴱN.) Aiglir Angrin “Iron Mountains” from the 1920s and early 1930s (SM/220) to [N.] oeglir “range of mountain peaks” in The Etymologies (Ety/AYAK), and later still (S.) aeglir “line of peaks” (RC/11). Perhaps Tolkien originally intended this element to mean “sea”, updating it phonetically ([[n|[ai] revised to [ae]]]) in later Silmarillion revisions without considering a change in meaning.
Absent any further evidence, “Sea-wanderer” remains the best available translation.
gwelu
air
2) (as substance) gwelu (i **welu), analogical pl. gwely (in gwely) if there is a pl. The attested form is archaic gwelw** (LR:398 s.v. WIL). Hence the coll. pl. is likely *gwelwath, if there is a coll. pl..
gwelu
air
(i ’welu), analogical pl. gwely (in gwely) if there is a pl. The attested form is archaic gwelw (LR:398 s.v. WIL). Hence the coll. pl. is likely ✱gwelwath, if there is a coll. pl..
grest
noun. aid, support, help, succour, salvation
gwelwen
air
1) (as a region) gwelwen (i **welwen), pl. gwelwin (in gwelwin), also gwilith (i **wilith), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwilith)
lind
air
3) (of music) lind (song, tune; singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. linnath (WJ.309)
gwelu
noun. air (as a substance)
gwelwen
air
(i ’welwen), pl. gwelwin (in gwelwin), also gwilith (i ’wilith), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwilith)
lind
air
(song, tune; singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. linnath (WJ.309)
aegas
mountain peak
aegas (pl. aegais) (suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” oeg, pl. oeges).
aegas
mountain peak
aegas (pl. aegais) (suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *oegas, pl. oeges).
naegra
pain
(verb) *naegra- (i naegra, in naegrar). Suggested Sindarin form of a word that actually appears with e instead of ae in the source (LR:375 s.v. NÁYAK), but cf. the noun naeg ”pain”.
aegas
mountain peak
(pl. aegais) (suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” oeg, pl. oeges).
naegra
pain
(i naegra, in naegrar). – Suggested Sindarin form of a word that actually appears with e instead of ae in the source (LR:375 s.v. NÁYAK), but cf. the noun naeg ”pain”.
aeron
noun. saint
gresta-
verb. to aid, help, succour, support
gwiltha-
verb. to air, expose to air
meitha-
verb. to aim at, *have as a goal; to intend, mean
dag
slain
(passive participle of dag- "slay", but treated almost like a derived noun) dangen (i nangen, o ndangen), pl. dengin (i ndengin; the spelling "in-ndengin" occurs in the Silmarillion). Compare SLAY.
naeg
pain
(noun) naeg (no distinct pl. form)
aegas
noun. mountain peak
aeglir
range of mountain peaks
(no distinct pl. form). See also
dag
slain
"slay", but treated almost like a derived noun) dangen (i nangen, o ndangen), pl. dengin* (i ndengin*; the spelling "in-ndengin" occurs in the Silmarillion). Compare
naeg
pain
(no distinct pl. form)
pavra-
verb. to ail, be ill
goenor
masculine name. Fell Fire
maew
noun. gull
A noun for “gull” first appearing as N. maew in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√MIW “whine” (Ety/MIW). It appeared in later notes as an archaic genitive plural maewion in the phrase S. †glim maewion “(the) voices of gulls” (PE17/97). Its class plural mewrim seems to have appeared in S. Ras Mewrim “✱Cape of the Gulls”, an alternate name for S. Bar-in-Mŷl “Home of the Gulls” (WJ/190). If so, the vowel e would be the result of the sound change whereby ae sometimes became e in polysyllables.
aearon
ocean
_n. _ocean. Augmentative form of _aear _Sea. Q. earon, airon. nef aear, sí nef aearon lit. 'beyond the Sea, here beyond the Great Sea'. >> aear
alae
interjection. (?) behold!
Uncertain meaning, but compare with Quenya ela! "imperative exclamation directing sight to an actually visible object" (WJ/362)
an
to
_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath 'glory to all the Halflings'.
gaearon
ocean
_n. _ocean. Augmentative form of _gaear _Sea. Q. earon, airon. >> gaear
gaer
Sea
gûl
noun. knowledge
n. knowledge, deep knowledge not 'occult' in modern sense, but applied to the deper knowledge of the 'wise' or skilled persons, not kept secret (as [?among the] Elves) but not attainable by all. Q. ñōle, B.S. gûl phantom, shadow of dark magic, necromancer, slave, servant?. The B.S. word gûl was prob. derived from ngōl-.
hador
masculine name. Warrior
Leader of the House of Hador, one of the three tribes of the Edain (S/147). In a geneology from 1959, the name seems to be translated “Warrior” in Hador Lorindol “the Warrior Goldenhead”, appearing beneath S. Magor “the Sword” and S. Hathol “the Axe” (WJ/234).
Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name appeared as N. Hádor and Hador with both long and short a (LR/146). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. hador was translated as “thrower” (Ety/KHAT).
han
that
pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.
hên
noun. child
A word for “child” derived from the root √KHIN, more specifically from ✶khinā with short i which became e in Sindarin due to a-affection (WJ/403). It often appeared in its mutated plural form chîn in phrases like Narn i Chîn Húrin “Tale of the Children of Húrin” (WJ/160). This is pronounced with spirantal “ch” as in German Bach, not affricate “ch” as in English “church”.
Christopher Tolkien made the editorial decision to render this plural form as Hîn in The Silmarillion as published as well as in Unfinished Tales, where it “was improperly changed by me [Christopher Tolkien] to Narn i Hîn Húrin ... because I did not want Chîn to be pronounced like Modern English chin” (LR/322). It seems Tolkien himself had similar concerns, as he sometimes rendered its Quenya cognate as sén, which would have Sindarin forms ✱sên “child” and ✱i hîn “the children”. However, Tolkien’s motive was probably a desire to retain the early (originally Adûniac) form Ad. Eruhîn “Children of God”, which in Sindarin otherwise became Eruchîn (LB/354).
thôn
noun. pine-tree
The Sindarin word for “pine-tree”, most notably as an element in the names Dorthonion “Land of Pines” and Orod-na-Thôn “Mount of the Pine Tree(s)”. Tolkien gave it as thôn < ✶stŏna in a 1955 letter to David Masson (PE17/82) and as {thaun >>} thôn in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, derived from {✶stāna >> ✶thānĭ- >>} ✶thŏno (PE17/81).
Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. thaun “pine-tree” under the root ᴹ√THŌN of the same meaning (Ety/THŌN). Likely the vowel in this root was a fronted ǭ, which became au in both Sindarin and Noldorin.
In the 1910s and 20s, the “pine-tree” word was ᴱN./G. aigos, first glossed {“cheshnut tree”} in Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/17), with a variant form G. aiguis in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips (PE13/108), and simply as ᴱN. aigos “pine-tree” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/136, 158). It was replaced by thaun/thôn in Tolkien’s later writing, as noted above.
i
that
(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.
aenor
noun. god
aear
sea
aear (ocean); pl. aeair. The shorter form aer (for N oer) is maybe best avoided since it can be confused with aer "holy", unless the latter is actually a lenited form of gaer. Forms with g-, representing an alternative concept of the word for ”sea”: gaear (i **aear) (ocean), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair = i ñaeair) (PM:363), also gaer (i **aer, no distinct pl. form except with article: i ngaer = i ñaer), but homophones of the latter mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy".
aear
ocean
aear (sea), pl. aeair.
aeg
sharp
1) aeg (pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn". 2) aig (no distinct pl. form). 3) laeg (keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”. 4) maeg (lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)
aerlinn
hymn
aerlinn (no distinct pl. form). It is unclear whether the literal meaning is "sea-song" (because the Elves made pilgrimages to the towers of Emyn Beraid near the sea) or "holy-song"; it depends on whether aer is interpreted as "sea" or "holy".
ant
gift
ant, pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.
baradh
steep
baradh (pl. beraidh, lenited varadh).
caran
red
1) caran (lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern), 2) coll (scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak". 3) born (hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn, 4) (fiery red) naru (analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. _NAR_1). 5) rhosc (russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc. Cf. also
celu
spring
(of water) 1) celu (i gelu, o chelu) (source), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath. 2) (well) eithel (source, issue of water), pl. eithil.
delu
fell
1) delu (hateful, deadly), lenited dhelu; analogical pl. dely. Archaic delw (the only attested form). 2) goeol (terrible, dire), lenited oeol; pl. goeoel. Archaic *goeaul.
falas
beach
1) falas (pl. felais) (shore, coast, strand, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15) 2) faur (shore), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)
gaear
ocean
gaear (i **aear) (sea), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair** = i ñaeair).
glîr
song
1) glîr (i **lîr, construct glir) (poem, lay), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath. 2) laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”summer”. 3) lind (air, tune; also = singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form (WJ.309). See also HYMN regarding the word aerlinn**.
hethu
vague
*hethu (foggy, obscure), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH)
lach
flame
(noun) 1) lach (leaping flame), pl. laich; 2) naur (in compounds nar-, -nor) (fire, sun), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath, 3) rill (construct ril) (brilliance, glittering reflected light), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rill).
lhaew
ill
*lhaew (sick, sickly), lenited ?thlaew or ?laew (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thloew, flaew.
lhîw
sickness
1) *lhîw (?i thlîw or ?i lîw the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (disease), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thliw, fliw. 2) cael (i gael, o chael) (lying in bed). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael), 3) paw (i baw), pl. poe (i phoe). various related terms (no Sindarin word simply meaning ”side” is known):
mîw
small
1) mîw (tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form, 2) niben (petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6) 3) SMALL (and frail) nimp, no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)
or
high
(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:
rhass
precipice
rhass (i rass for ”older” i** **chrass; construct rhas), pl. rais (?idh rais).
thôn
pine-tree
thôn (pl. thŷn, coll. pl. ?thonath). In the linguistic scenario of the Etymologies, the ”Noldorin” word for ”pine-tree” was thaun pl. thuin, and thôn was rather ”Ilkorin”. However, when Tolkien revised his legendarium so that Sindarin replaced Ilkorin as the native Elven-tongue of Beleriand, names like Dorthonion ”Land of Pines” must be interpreted as containing a Sindarin word for pine. Adj. #thonion ”having pine trees” (isolated from the name Dorthonion), pl. thonyn
achas
dread
(fear), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i ’achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), coll. pl. achassath.
aear
sea
(ocean); pl. aeair. The shorter form aer (for N oer) is maybe best avoided since it can be confused with aer "holy", unless the latter is actually a lenited form of gaer. Forms with g-, representing an alternative concept of the word for ”sea”: gaear (i ’aear) (ocean), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair = i ñaeair) (PM:363), also gaer (i ’aer, no distinct pl. form except with article: i ngaer = i ñaer), but homophones of the latter mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy".
aear
ocean
(sea), pl. aeair.
aeg
horn
(point, thorn). No distinct pl. form. (but aeglir can be used for a range of mountain peaks). Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) mîn (i vîn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîn), coll. pl. míniath. Note: homophones include the numeral ”one” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 3) egnas (sharp point; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassath.
aerlinn
hymn
(no distinct pl. form). It is unclear whether the literal meaning is "sea-song" (because the Elves made pilgrimages to the towers of Emyn Beraid near the sea) or "holy-song"; it depends on whether aer is interpreted as "sea" or "holy".
andrath
high pass
(literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.
ant
gift
pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.
baradh
steep
(pl. beraidh, lenited varadh).
brand
tall
(lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind.
caran
red
(lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern)
celu
spring
(i gelu, o chelu) (source), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath.
crann
ruddy
(lenited grann, pl. crain).
delu
fell
(hateful, deadly), lenited dhelu; analogical pl. dely. Archaic delw (the only attested form).
egnas
sharp point
(peak; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassaith.
falas
shore, foaming shore
(pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand) (VT42:15). Adj.
falas
beach
(pl. felais) (shore, coast, strand, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)
gaear
ocean
(i ’aear) (sea), pl. gaeair (i ngaeair = i ñaeair).
glâd
small forest
(i ’lâd, construct glad) (wood), pl. glaid (in glaid).
glîr
song
(i ’lîr, construct glir) (poem, lay), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath. 2) laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”summer”. 3) lind (air, tune; also = singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form (WJ.309). See also
goeol
fell
(terrible, dire), lenited ’oeol; pl. goeoel. Archaic ✱goeaul.
gondrath
highway
(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.
goroth
dread
(i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n’goroth = o ñgoroth) (horror), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. ✱göryth.
habad
shore
(i chabad, o chabad), pl. hebaid (i chebaid). Archaic pl. hebeid (LR:386).
hall
tall
(exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.
hethu
vague
(foggy, obscure), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH)
iphant
full of years
(aged, long-lived), pl. iphaint. The spelling used in the source is ”ifant” (LR:400 s.v. YEN), but since the f arises from earlier (n > m +) p via nasal mutation, it should be written ph according to the spelling conventions described in LotR Appendix E.
lach
flame
(leaping flame), pl. laich; 2) naur (in compounds nar-, -nor) (fire, sun), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath, 3) rill (construct ril) (brilliance, glittering reflected light), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rill).
lachenn
flame-eyed
pl. lachinn *(WJ:384, there cited in archaic form lachend)*.
lhaew
ill
(sick, sickly), lenited ?thlaew or ?laew (the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thloew, flaew.
lhîw
sickness
(?i thlîw or ?i lîw – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (disease), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thliw, fliw.
megor
sharp-pointed
(lenited vegor, analogical pl. megyr); cited in archaic form megr (WJ:337)
mîw
small
(tiny, frail), lenited vîw, no distinct pl. form
naru
red
(analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. NAR1).
nass
sharp end
(point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais** **
or
high
(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:
rhass
precipice
(i rass for ”older” i chrass; construct rhas), pl. rais (?idh rais).
rhast
shore
(?i thrast or ?i rast – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhaist (?idh raist).
rhosc
red
(russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc. Cf. also
thôn
pine-tree
(pl. th**ŷn, coll. pl. ?thonath). In the linguistic scenario of the Etymologies, the ”Noldorin” word for ”pine-tree” was thaun pl. thuin, and thôn was rather ”Ilkorin”. However, when Tolkien revised his legendarium so that Sindarin replaced Ilkorin as the native Elven-tongue of Beleriand, names like Dorthonion ”Land of Pines” must be interpreted as containing a Sindarin word for pine. Adj. #thonion ”having pine trees” (isolated from the name Dorthonion), pl. thonyn**
till
sharp horn
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.
till
sharp-pointed peak
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp horn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.
till
sharp-pointed peak
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp horn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.
tinu
small star
(i** dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds) (spark), analogical pl. tiny (i** thiny). Archaic tinw, so the coll. pl. is likely tinwath.
aeg
adjective. sharp, sharp, [N.] pointed, piercing
avras
noun. precipice
A noun glossed “a precipice”, given as a derivative of the root √BARAS (PE17/22-23).
hí
adverb. now
iaur
adjective. old, old; [N.] ancient, olden
maeg
adjective. sharp, piercing, piercing, sharp, *penetrating
san
pronoun. that
aebin
noun. cherry (tree)
aeda-
verb. to revere, worship
aedh
noun. nest
linnas
noun. music
Eru
god
(the One) #Eru, isolated from Eruchín** **"children of the One" (= Elves and Men; sg. *Eruchen).
aeg
piercing
(adj.) aeg (pointed, sharp). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn".
aeglos
icicle
aeglos (pl. aeglys). The word is also used for a plant similar to > .
ael
pool
1) ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 2)
aew
bird
(small bird) 1) aew. No distinct pl. form. 2) fileg, pl. filig; the form filigod appears as an alternative singular. or
alae!
ah
! (interjection) alae!
alph
swan
alph (pl. eilph)
am
upon
(prep.) am (probably followed by soft mutation)
an
to
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
to
(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)
bad
go
#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
ereb
lonely
ereb (isolated), pl. erib
ethuil
spring
(season) ethuil (no distinct pl. form). SPRING-SINGER, see SWALLOW
fae
spirit
1) fae (soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form. 2) faer (radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)
gaer
holy
gaer (awful, fearful); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".
gem
sickly
gem (lenited em, pl. gim).
gem
sickly
gem (lenited em, pl. gim)
hwest
breeze
hwest (i chwest, o chwest) (puff, breath), pl. hwist (i chwist)
hên
child
hên (i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). _(WJ:403) _CHILDREN OF THE ONE (Elves and Men as children of God) Eruchín** **(sg. *Eruchen)
iaun
holy place
iaun (fane, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath
iaun
holy place
iaun (fane, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath;
iaur
old
1) iaur (ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare ELDER, ELDEST, q.v. 2) brûn (long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also
ist
knowledge
ist (lore); no distinct pl. form.
lacha
flame
(verb) *lacha- (i lacha, i lachar). Only the imperative form lacho is attested.
laeg
keen
laeg (sharp, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”.
loeg
pool
loeg (no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.
lîn
pool
lîn (lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #**liniath (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)
lîn
lake
1) lîn (pool), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #liniath (isolated from Hithliniath, WJ:194). 2) ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (pool, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 3) nên (water, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn**. **
maethor
warrior
1) maethor (i vaethor), analogical pl. maethyr (i maethyr), 2) (”thrower” or ”hurler”, i.e. of spears or darts) hadron (i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath. 3) (primarily Orkish warrior) daug (i naug, o ndaug) (soldier), pl. doeg (i ndoeg), coll. pl. dogath. Compounded as -dog in the name Boldog (= baul-daug, *”torment-warrior”)
maew
gull
1) maew (i vaew), no distinct pl. except with article (i maew), coll. pl. maewrim; 2) gwael (i **wael), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwael), 3) mŷl (i vŷl, construct myl), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷl**).
megil
sword
1) megil (i vegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i megil). This is a borrowing from Quenya macil (VT45:32). 2) magol (i vagol), analogical pl. megyl (i megyl), coll. pl. maglath (though analogical ?magolath may also be possible). In ”Noldorin”, this was the native word for ”sword” (derived from primitive makla, as is Quenya macil); it is unclear whether Tolkien definitely replaced it with megil when he turned ”Noldorin” into Sindarin, or whether both words coexist in the language. 3) lang (cutlass), pl. leng.
min
cardinal. one
1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)
nae
alas
(interjection) nae
pen
cardinal. one
(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
rib
fling
rib- (i rîb, idh ribir) (fly, rush)
si
now
si (lenited hi)
sîr
today
(adv.) sîr. Note: a homophone means ”river”.
taw
that
(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _
tond
tall
1) tond (lenited dond; pl. tynd), 2) †orn (pl. yrn). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”tree”.
tuia
spring
(verb) tuia- (i duia, i thuiar) (swell, sprout)
tulu
support
tulu (i dulu, o thulu) (prop), pl. tyly (i thyly)
uir
eternity
uir
uireb
eternal
uireb (pl. uirib), also ui (everlasting); no distinct pl. form. Also used as adverb ”ever, always”.
êg
thorn
1) êg (construct eg), pl. îg; 2) rêg (construct reg) (holly), pl. rîg (idh rîg), 3) aeg (peak, point). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". See also SPINE.
-eb
suffix. adjective suffix
-en
suffix. adjective suffix
-iel
suffix. adjective suffix
-in
suffix. adjective suffix
-ren
suffix. adjective suffix
@@@ perhaps a later, S-only, innovation
Ara-
prefix. high, noble, royal
a
interjection. o
interj. o. A Elbereth Gilthoniel 'O Elbereth Who lit the Stars'.
a
interjection. O!
ae
interjection. O!
aear
noun. sea
Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaear
aear
Sea
aear
noun. sea
aearon
noun. great sea, ocean
Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaearon
ael
noun. lake, pool, mere
aelin
noun. lake, pool
aer
adjective. holy
aer
noun. sea
aerlinn
noun. (unknown meaning, perhaps a song about the sea, or possibly holy song)
aew
noun. (small) bird
aewen
adjective. of birds
alph
noun. swan
alph
noun. swan
n. Zoo. swan.
alph
noun. swan
The Sindarin noun for “swan” derived from primitive ✶alkwā (NM/378; UT/265; Ety/ÁLAK), where first the [[at|ancient [kw] became [p]]] and then the [[os|[lp] became [lf] (spelled lph)]].
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, this word appeared as {alcwi >>} alfa (GL/18), which is perhaps the moment that Tolkien decided that labialized velars became labials in the Sindarin branch of Elvish (though in Gnomish this sound change applied only medially). In Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying this document, the word became alf (PE13/109), and Tolkien stuck with this form thereafter, though eventually revising the spelling to alph once he decide that final [f] was spelled ph. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. alf “swan” appeared under the root ᴹ√ALAK “rushing” (Ety/ÁLAK).
an
preposition. to, towards, for
With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath
ann
noun. gift
n. gift.
ann
noun. gift
anw
noun. gift
anw
noun. gift
ar-
prefix. high, noble, royal
arod
adjective. tall
_ adj. _tall, eminent. Q. aratā.
belegaer
noun. ocean
_ n. _ocean.
caran
adjective. red
caran
red
_ adj. _red, ruddy. >> Caradhras
caran
adjective. red
celu
noun. spring, source
cidinn
adjective. small
_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.
cidinn
?. [unglossed]
cinnog
adjective. small
_ adj. _small. Q. cinta.
cinnog
?. [unglossed]
eithel
noun. issue of water, spring, well
ethuil
noun. spring, spring [the season]
faer
noun. spirit
falas
noun. beach, wave-beaten shore, line of surf
falas
noun. the western coast of Beleriand
falas
beach
1b n. beach, strand. >> Anfalas
falathren
noun/adjective. of the shore
falathren
noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)
gaear
noun. sea
gaear
Sea
gaearon
noun. great sea, ocean
gaer
adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy
gaer
noun. sea
gaer
noun. sea
gaer
ocean
_ n. _ocean.
gaeron
noun. great sea, ocean
gaeron
noun. ocean
_ n. _ocean.
glandagol
noun. boundary mark
gwael
noun. gull
hi
adverb. now
_ adv. _now. annon edhellen edro hi ammen! 'Elvish gate open now for us'.
hin
adverb. now
hwa
breeze
n. #breeze. >> hwá
hwá
breeze
n. #breeze. >> hwa
hên
noun. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics)
hî
now
_adv. _now. Q. sí. thî/hî << hî. >> thî****
hû
spirit
_ n. _spirit, shadow.
lach
noun. (leaping) flame
lacha-
verb. to flame
lacho
verb. flame!
laeg
adjective. keen, sharp, acute
laer
noun. song, long lay
laer
noun. song
lhaew
adjective. sickly, sick, ill
lhîw
noun. sickness
loeg
noun. pool
loeg
noun. pool
lîn
noun. pool
lîr
noun. song, poem, lay
lô
noun. shallow lake, fenland
madu
?. [unglossed]
maeg
adjective. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something
maud
?. [unglossed]
megil
noun. sword
megil
noun. sword
_ n. _sword. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'.
megor
adjective. sharp-pointed
min
fraction. one (first of a series)
min
cardinal. one, one, [G.] single
min
noun. peak
A word glossed “peak” appearing in the name S. Min-Rimmon “Peak of the Rimmon” from the Unfinished Index to The Lord of the Rings (RC/511). It is probably a derivative of √MIN.
mîn
fraction. one (first of a series)
mŷl
noun. gull
mŷl
noun. gull
A word for “gull” in the name S. Bar-in-Mŷl “Home of the Gulls” (WJ/379); its singular and plural forms would be the same. It might be derived from ✱miulē < ᴹ√MIW “whine”, the basis for other “gull” words, since iu became ȳ in Sindarin. I’d recommend using the better attested S. maew “gull” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.
na
to
e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2
na
preposition. to
prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2
naur
noun. flame
naur
noun. fire
negen
sharp
_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negn
negn
sharp
_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negen
niben
adjective. small, petty
niben
adjective. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
orchal
adjective. tall, tall; [N.] superior, eminent, lofty
pen
pronoun. one, somebody, anybody
Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2
raud
tall
ruin
adjective. (fiery) red
si
adverb. now
sí(r)
adverb. now
sír
adverb. today
sîr
adverb. now
thî
now
_adv. _now. Q. sí. thî/hî << hî. >> hî****
thî
adverb. now
tuil
noun. spring
a
o
; O Elbereth Gilthoniel A Elbereth Gilthoniel. The alternative form ae may be used when the next word begins in a: Ae Adar nín, O my Father (VT44:23). By another theory, ae represents a + the definite article i (✱a i Adar nín "o the Father of mine").
aeg
sharp
(pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn".
aeg
piercing
(pointed, sharp). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn".
aeg
thorn
(peak, point). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". See also SPINE.
aeglos
icicle
(pl. aeglys). The word is also used for a plant similar to >
ael
pool
(aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.
ael
lake
(aelin-, pl. aelin) (pool, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.
aemar
noun. rookery, colony of birds
aew
small bird
. No distinct pl. form.
aew
bird
. No distinct pl. form.
aewen
of birds
pl. aewin.
aglad
noun. lightning
A neologism for “lightning” posted by Elaran in 2018 on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord server, a noun formation from ᴺS. agla- “flash”.
agol
noun. flash
alae!
ah
alph
swan
(pl. eilph)
am
upon
(probably followed by soft mutation)
amrent
noun. lark
bad
go
(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.
born
red
(hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn
both
small pool
(i moth, construct both) (puddle), pl. byth (i mbyth). David Salo would lengthen the vowel and read ✱bôth in Sindarin.
brûn
elder, eldest
(long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also
cael
sickness
(i gael, o chael) (lying in bed). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael)
celos
water falling swiftly from a spring
(i gelos, o chelos) (freshet), pl. celys (i chelys).
coll
red
(scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak".
cuen
small gull
(i guen, o chuen) (petrel), pl. ?cuin (?i chuin) (VT45:24)
daedhelos
great dread
(i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct.
daug
warrior
(i naug, o ndaug) (soldier), pl. doeg (i ndoeg), coll. pl. dogath. Compounded as -dog in the name Boldog (= baul-daug, ✱”torment-warrior”)
delos
dread
(i dhelos) (fear, horror, abhorrence, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).
duinen
high tide
(i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).
ecthel
point of spear, spear point
(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point"
ecthel
thorn point
(pl. ecthil). See also
eitha
prick with a sharp point
(stab, treat with scorn; insult) (i eitha, in eithar)
eithel
spring
(source, issue of water), pl. eithil.
eithos
noun. thorn bush
emlinn
yellowhammer
(= "yellow singer"); no distinct pl. form. Also emelin, no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emelinnath. Adj.
enweria-
verb. to revere
ereb
lonely
(isolated), pl. erib
eru
the one
isolated from
eru
noun. God
eru
god
isolated from Eruchín "children of the One" (= Elves and Men; sg. ✱Eruchen).
eruchen
children of the one
)
ethuil
spring
(no distinct pl. form).
fae
spirit
(soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form.
faer
spirit
(radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)
falathren
of the shore
(pl. felethrin)
faur
shore
(beach), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)
faur
beach
(shore), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)
fileg
bird
pl. filig; the form filigod appears as an alternative singular.
gae
dread
(i ’ae), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngae = i ñae)
gaearon
great ocean
(i ‘Aearon), pl. Gaearyn (i Ngaearyn = i Ñaearyn) if there is a pl.
gaer
holy
(awful, fearful); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".
gaer
red, reddish
(copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".
gaer
adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy
gorth
dread
(i ngorth = i ñorth, o n’gorth = o ñgorth) (horror), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). (WJ:415) Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”.
goss
dread
(i ’oss, constuct gos) (horror), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss).
gost
dread
(i ngost = i ñost, o n’gost = o ñgost) (terror), pl. gyst (in gyst = i ñgyst).
guruthos
dread of death
(i nguruthos = i ñuruthos, o n’guruthos = o ñguruthos) (death-horror), pl. (if there is a pl.) either guruthys (in guruthys = i ñguruthys) or gyrythys (in gyrythys = i ñgyrythys) with umlaut throughtout the word. Coll. pl. guruthossath.
gwael
gull
(i ’wael), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwael)
gôr
dread
(i ngôr = i ñôr, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, horror), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour”, but has different mutations.
hadron
hurler of spears or darts
(i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath
hadron
warrior
(i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath.
hathel
broadsword blade
(i chathel, o chathel) (axe blade), pl. hethil (i chethil)
hwest
breeze
(i chwest, o chwest) (puff, breath), pl. hwist (i chwist)
hên
child
(i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). (WJ:403)
hûb
small landlocked bay
(i chûb, o chûb, construct hub) (harbour, haven), pl. huib (i chuib).
hûr
fiery spirit
(i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (readiness for action, vigour), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.
iaun
holy place
(fane, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath
iaur
old
(ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare
ist
knowledge
(lore); no distinct pl. form.
ista
have knowledge
(i ista, in istar), pa.t. sint or istas (VT45:18).
lacha
flame
(i lacha, i lachar). Only the imperative form lacho is attested.
laeg
keen
(sharp, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”.
laeg
sharp
(keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”.
lang
sword
(cutlass), pl. leng.
loeg
pool
(no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.
lîn
pool
(lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)
lîn
lake
(pool), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194).
lô
shallow lake
(fenland), pl. lŷ.
m
gull
ŷl (i vŷl, construct myl), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷl).
maecheneb
sharp-eyed
(lenited vaecheneb; pl. maechenib)
maeg
sharp
(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)
maethor
warrior
(i vaethor), analogical pl. maethyr (i maethyr)
maew
gull
(i vaew), no distinct pl. except with article (i maew), coll. pl. maewrim
magol
sword
(i vagol), analogical pl. megyl (i megyl), coll. pl. maglath (though analogical ?magolath may also be possible). In ”Noldorin”, this was the native word for ”sword” (derived from primitive makla, as is Quenya macil); it is unclear whether Tolkien definitely replaced it with megil when he turned ”Noldorin” into Sindarin, or whether both words coexist in the language.
megil
sword
(i vegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i megil). This is a borrowing from Quenya macil (VT45:32).
min
one
mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.
nae
alas
niben
small
(petty), pl. nibin. Also used as a name for the the little finger. (VT48:6)
nimp
small
no distinct pl. form (VT48:18)
nên
lake
(water, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.
orn
tall
(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”tree”.
paen
small gull
(i baen, o phaen) (petrel), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phaen). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” poen, VT45:24.
paw
sickness
(i baw), pl. poe (i phoe).
pen
one
(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
pêg
small spot
(i** bêg, construct peg) (dot), pl. pîg (i** phîg)
raud
tall
(eminent, noble), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”.
rib
fling
(i rîb, idh ribir) (fly, rush)
rim
cold pool or lake
; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.
ruin
red flame
(no distinct pl. form except with article: idh ruin) (blazing fire). Also used as an adj. ”fiery red, burning”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366)
rêg
thorn
(construct reg) (holly), pl. rîg (idh rîg)
sa
pronoun. that
si
now
(lenited hi)
sîr
today
. Note: a homophone means ”river”.
taur
tall
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taw
pronoun. that
taw
that
. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v.
telu
high roof
(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).
thela
point of spear, spear point
(-thel), pl. ?thili
tond
adjective. tall
tond
tall
(lenited dond; pl. tynd)
tuia
spring
(i duia, i thuiar) (swell, sprout)
tulu
support
(i dulu, o thulu) (prop), pl. tyly (i thyly)
uir
eternity
uireb
eternal
(pl. uirib), also ui (everlasting); no distinct pl. form. Also used as adverb ”ever, always”.
êg
thorn
(construct eg), pl. îg
êr
one
whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)
interj. 'hail!', or less formally 'ha there you are'. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'.