ce

adverb. *might, maybe

celos

place name. Celos

A stream in Gondor flowing into the river Sirith (LotR/875). It is a cognate of Q. celussë “freshnet”, derived from a combination of ✶kelu- “flow out swiftly” and the primitive abstract-noun suffix ✶-ssē/-ssā (UTI/Celos). The Sindarin name is most likely derived from primitive ✶kelussā, because primitive [[s|short [i], [u] became [e], [o] preceding final [a]]], with the final [a] lost later.

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared in a list of rivers in Gondor as N. Kelos (TI/312).

celepharn

masculine name. Celepharn

4th king of Arthedain (LotR/1038). The meaning of this name is unclear. Its initial element may be celeb “silver”. In a conversation between Jerome Colburn and Anthony Bryant on the Elfling mailing list, it was suggested that the second element may be derived from the root √PHAR “suffice” (Elfling/130.50). David Salo instead suggested that its second element might be a lenited form harn of sarn “stone” (GS/346).

Celeborn

noun. Celeborn

#high silver; celeb (silver) + orn (from PQ *ornē “uprising, tall”) Reinterpreted from earlier “silver tree”; celeb (“silver”) + orn (“tree”); S equivalent of Tel. Teleporno.

certhas

noun. certhas

pl. n. >> angerthas

celebrimbor o eregion teithant i thiw hin

Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs

celegorm

masculine name. Celegorm

cerin

cerin

n.

Celegorn

noun. Tolkien proposed that it could derive from Celeggorn

_prop. n. _Tolkien proposed that it could derive from Celeg(n)gorn. . This gloss was rejected.

cen-

verb. to see, perceive, look

celu

noun. spring, source

celebdil

place name. Silvertine

Sindarin name of a peak in the Misty Mountains translated “Silvertine”, itself a translation of Kh. Zirakzigil of the same meaning (LotR/283). This name is a combination of celeb “silver” and the lenited form of till “point, spike”.

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, Tolkien first wrote this name as N. Celebras “Silverhorn” before settling on N. Celebdil (TI/174, 306).

celeborn

proper name. Tree of Silver

A tree in Tol Eressëa (S/59), translated “Tree of Silver” (MR/155) or “Silver Tree” (UT/266). This name is a combination of celeb “silver” and orn “tree”.

Conceptual Development: The name N. Celeborn appeared in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s with the translation “Tree of Silver” (LR/210).

celeborn

masculine name. Silver-tree; Silver Tall

The husband of Galadriel and ruler of Lórien. His name can variously be interpreted as “Silver-tree” (NM/349) or “Silver-tall” (NM/352). His hair was silver (LotR/354), which may have been an aspect of his name as Galadriel’s golden hair was of hers.

Possible Etymology: The etymology of Celeborn’s name is a bit confused, since Tolkien changed his mind on its meaning. It is very likely when Tolkien invented the name he interpretted it as “Silver-tree”, a compound of S. celeb “silver” and orn “tree”, and that was the meaning Tolkien initially gave it in notes from 1968 (NM/349). But in later these notes, he decided that the second element of the name was derived from ancient ✶ornā “tall” (NM/350), so that the meaning of these name was actually “Silver-tall” (NM/352 note #8).

In The Lord of the Rings and the published version of The Silmarillion, Celeborn was a kinsman of Thingol in Doriath and therefore a Sindarin elf, and Galadriel met him in Beleriand (LotR/1082, S/115). However, in the aformentioned 1968 note and other writings from this period, Celeborn was a Telerin of Valinor and came with Galadriel to Middle-earth (NM/349-352; UT/233; PM/347). In this revised scenario, we have the clearest explanations of both Celeborn’s and Galadriel’s names, ultimately derived from the Telerin names T. Teleporno and T. Alatáriel, respectively. However, this scenario clashes badly with the narratives in the published Silmarillion.

Even if you assume that Celeborn was Sindarin, his name could still be “derived” from T. Teleporno in the sense that it was derived from the Ancient Telerin name of the same meaning. In this scenario, Galadriel could have gotten her Telerin name Alatáriel due to the influence of her mother Eärwen, who was herself Telerin.

Conceptual Development: See N. Keleborn for a discussion of earlier forms of this name.

celebrant

place name. Silverlode, Silver-course

A stream flowing through Dimrill Dale translated “Silverlode” (LotR/341) or “Silver-course” (RC/262). It is itself a translation of Kh. Kibil-nâla of the same meaning (PE17/35, TI/174). This name is a combination of celeb “silver” and rant “course” (RC/775).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this river was first named “Red Way”: N. Crandir along with other variations (RS/432-3). Tolkien changed the name to N. Celebrin “✱Silver” (RS/434) and later N. Celeb(rind)rath “Silverlode” (TI/241) before settling on N. Celebrant (TI/235). The final name also appeared in The Etymologies as a river-name, without translation (Ety/RAT).

celebrimbor

masculine name. Silver-fist

Last descendant of Fëanor, who crafted the Elvish rings of power (LotR/242), translated “Silver-fist” (PE17/42) or “Silver Grasp” (PM/179). His name is a combination of celebrin “silver” and the suffixal form -bor of paur “fist” (PE17/42, SA/celeb).

Conceptual Development: This name already had its final form when it first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (RS/449). The name N. Celebrimbor also appeared in The Etymologies, already with its final meaning (Ety/KWAR).

celebrindal

feminine name. Silverfoot

Sobriquet of Idril, translated “Silver-foot” (S/126). Her name is a combination of celebrin “silver” and the lenited form -dal of tâl “foot” (SA/celeb, tal).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this name appeared as G. Talceleb “Silver Feet” (LT2/165, 216). In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, Tolkien changed the name to N. Celebrindal “Silver-foot” (SM/143, LR/141), though in The Etymologies it appeared in a variant (lenited) form Gelebrendal with an e replacing the i (Ety/KYELEP).

celebrindor

masculine name. *Silver-lord

5th king of Arthedain (LotR/1038). His name is most likely a combination of celebrin “silver” and the suffixal form -dor “lord”.

Conceptual Development: In drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices, this name first appeared as (rejected) N. Celemenegil and N. Celebrindol (PM/208).

celebros

place name. Silver Foam, Silver Rain

A stream in Beleriand (S/220), translated “Silver Foam” (SM/313) or “Silver Rain” (LR/140; Ety/ROS¹). This name is a combination of celeb “silver” and ross “foam” (SA/celeb, ros), so a more literal translation would be “Foam-silver” (WJ/151).

Conceptual Development: In early Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name was once briefly written N. Celebrindon “Silver Bowl” (SM/313), but it mostly appeared in the form N. Celebros (SM/131, 313; LR/140). At its first appearance, its translation was already “Foam-silver” (SM/131), and it retained essentially the same meaning thereafter. This name also appeared in The Etymologies, which is the source of the derivation given above (Ety/ROS¹).

celebrían

feminine name. Silver-queen

Wife of Elrond and mother of Arwen (LotR/375), translated “Silver-queen” (Let/423). Her name is a combination of celeb “silver” and rían “queen”.

celon

place name. stream flowing down from heights

A river in Beleriand translated by Christopher Tolkien as “stream flowing down from heights” (SI/Celon), a derivative of the root √KEL “flow”.

Conceptual Development: The name G. Celon first appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s, alongside other derivatives of the root ᴱ√KELE (PME/46), but it did not appear in the narratives until Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/330, LR/260). In The Etymologies, the word Ilk. celon “river” appeared, making it possible that Tolkien considered Celon to be an Ilkorin name at that time, though he first marked celon as Noldorin (Ety/KEL).

In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, Tolkien became dissatisfied with this name, indicating that it was “too hackneyed a river-name”, and considered changing it to Limhír “clear/sparkling river” (WJ/337), but he never carried through with this change.

cerin amroth

place name. Amroth’s Mound

A hill in Lothlórien (LotR/350). It is translated “Amroth’s Mound”, and is a combination of cerin “circular mound, artificial hill” and the name Amroth (RC/309).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, the name first appeared as N. Coron Amroth, immediately revised to Cerin Amroth (TI/234).

certhas daeron

proper name. Daeron’s Runes

The runic alphabetic developed by Daeron, a combination of certhas “runes-rows, runic alphabet” with his name (LotR/1123). It was also called the Angerthas Daeron. In some 1958 notes Tolkien called them i Cirdh Daeron instead (NM/164).

cenedril

noun. mirror, looking-glass, (lit.) looking-crystal

A noun for “mirror” in Nen Cenedril “Mirrormere”, which Tolkien initially gave as Nen Singil (PE17/35). Tolkien said that this word meant “looking glass” or more literally “looking crystal” (PE17/37). The initial element cened clearly means “looking”, the gerund of cen- “to see”. Thus the second element -ril must be “crystal”, perhaps a reduction of bril as in Brilthor “Glittering Torrent” (S/123); in the 1930s this was an Ilkorin name whose initial element Ilk. bril meant “glass, crystal” (Ety/MBIRIL).

cerin

noun. circular mound, artificial hill, circular mound, artificial hill; [N.] round enclosure

A noun described as a “circular mound or artificial hill” in the Unfinished Index of The Lord of the Rings, appearing in the place name Cerin Amroth “Amroth’s Mound” (RC/309; LotR/350).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. cerin was glossed “round enclosure” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√KOR “round” (Ety/KOR; EtyAC/KOR). This in turn was a later iteration of ᴱN. gwerin “enclosure” from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/146), which was itself a later version of G. gorin or gwarin “circle of trees” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/47), first given as corin “an enclosure, especially a (sacred) circular enclosure fenced with trees” (GL/26), but the meaning of that last word was changed to adjectival “round, circular; rolling”. Note that corin “enclosure” also reappeared in the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s, only to be deleted again (PE13/121).

Thus it seems 1910s {corin >>} gorin “enclosure or circle of trees” >> 1920s {corin >>} gwerin “enclosure” >> 1930s cerin “round enclosure”. As for Cerin Amroth, Tolkien described it as follows: “Upon it, as a double crown, grew two circles of trees: the outer had bark of snowy white, and were leafless but beautiful in their shapely nakedness; the inner were mallorn-trees of great height, still arrayed in pale gold. High amid the branches of a towering tree that stood in the centre of all there gleamed a white flet (LotR/350).” Thus, perhaps this name originally referred to the rings of trees, and only later did Tolkien decide that cerin referred to the mound itself.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use this word mainly in its 1930s meaning “round enclosure”, but would assume it could also be used of round things in generally, such as a mound, that surrounded something in the middle, such as the great tree at the center of Cerin Amroth.

ceven

noun. *Earth, *earth; Earth

A word for “Earth” used in the Sindarin translation of the Lord’s Prayer from the 1950s, in the phrase: bo Ceven sui vi Menel “on Earth as [it is] in Heaven” (VT44/21). It is clearly a cognate of Q. cemen of the same meaning, and like Quenya I suspect this word can be used for both “Earth” and “earth”. The more usual Sindarin word for “world” was amar, so I suspect that, where referring to the global realm, ceven meant more the “habitable surface of the earth” rather than the entire planet. See, for example Christopher Tolkien’s note on kemen “referring to the earth as a flat floor beneath menel, the heavens” from The Silmarillion appendix (SA/kemen).

Possible Etymology: If this word is indeed a direct cognate of Q. cemen < ✱kemen, it is not clear why the final n didn’t vanish as was usual in Sindarin; perhaps the Sindarin form was derived from a variant primitive form like kemenē. Alternately, it may be a back-formation from some inflected form, as happened with other similar words like S. aran and S. thoron.

celduin

place name. River Running

A river flowing from lake Esgaroth into the river Carnen, translated “River Running” (LotR/1046). It is most likely a combination of some form of the root √KEL “flow” and S. duin “duin”.

Celduin

noun. running river

cell (adj. “running, flowing”) + duin (“big and large river”)

Celebdil

noun. silver tine

celeb (“silver”) + till (“horn, point”)

Celebdil

'Silvertine'

topon. 'Silvertine', a moutain crowned by a pinnacle. Dw. Zirak-zigil. >> celeb, till

Celeborn

noun. a kinsman of Thingol

_prop. n. _a kinsman of Thingol. A S. name. >> celeb, orn

Celebrant

noun. silver lode

celeb (“silver”) + rant (“load, vein”)

Celebrant

Silverlode

_ topon. _Silverlode. It is probable that Dwarves actually found silver in this river. Dw. Kibil-nâla. >> celeb, -rant

Celebrimbor

noun. silver fist

celebrin (“silver-like”) + paur (“a tightly closed hand as in using an implement or a craft-tool”) Sindarized form of Tel. Telperimpar, Q Tyelpinquar.

Celebrimbor

noun. famous craftman

_ prop. n. _famous craftman, the Lord of the Elves of Eregion. He was the ruler of the Elvish realm at the time of the forging of the Rings. Q. Telpinquar, Telperinquar  >> celebrin, paur

Celebrindal

noun. a title of Idril

_prop. n. _a title of Idril. >> Idril. This gloss was rejected.

Celebrindal

noun. silver foot

celebren (< celebrina “silver-like”) + tâl (“foot”) [HKF] nd didn’t became nn when n and d come from different elements of a compound.

Celebros

noun. silver foam, silver rain

celeb (“silver”) + ros (“foam, rain”) The original form of ros is probably ross, with the final s dropped at the end of a polysyllable [HKF].

Certh iMbelain

noun. Sickle of the Powers (Q Valakirka)

certh (“sickle”) + in (gen. pl. article) + Belain (pl. of Balan Power) The lenition of Balain to Mbelain reflects Tolkien's earlier view of nasal mutation, where b, d, g > mb, nd, ng [HKF]; or it could possibly be an archaic form.

celeb

silver

_n. _silver. >> Celebdil, Celebrant, celebrin

celebrin

adjective. not implying 'made of silver' but 'like silver' in hue

_ adj. _not implying 'made of silver' but 'like silver' in hue, or worth. Q. #telperin, #telpin. >> Celebrimbor

cenedril

'looking-cristal'

n. 'looking-cristal', looking-glass. >> Nen Cenedril

celeb

noun. silver

celebrin

adjective. like silver (in hue or worth), like silver (in hue or worth), [G.] of silver

certh

noun. rune

ceber

noun. stake, spike, stake, spike; [N.] ?limestone, -rock

celeg

adjective. *hasty, hasty; [N.] agile, swift

cened

noun. looking, looking, *seeing

certhas

noun. runes-rows, runic alphabet

cerveth

noun. July

cell

adjective. running

cell

adjective. flowing (of water)

Celegorn

noun. 'Swift-tall'

prop. n. 'Swift-tall'. . This gloss was rejected.

cae

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

cae

cardinal. ten

ceber

noun. stake, spike, stone ridge

cefn

adjective. earthen

celair

adjective. brilliant

celeb

noun. silver

celeg

adjective. swift, agile, hasty

cened

ordinal. four

cer-

verb. stem see paradigm PE17:132

v. stem see paradigm PE17:132.

cerin

noun. circular enclosure

cerin

noun. mound

certh

noun. rune

certhas

noun. runic alphabet, rune-rows

cerveth

noun. july (month)

ceven

noun. Earth

bo ceven sui vi menel

on Earth as [it is] in Heaven

The fifth line of Ae Adar Nín, Tolkien’s Sindarin translation of the Lord’s Prayer (VT44/21). The first word is the preposition bo “on”, followed by ceven “earth”. The third word is the preposition sui “as”, followed by vi the lenited form of mi “in” and menel “heaven”. There is no Sindarin equivalent for English “it is” in this phrase.

See the entry for the first line of this prayer for a discussion of the (mis)use of menel for “Heaven” in this phrase.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> bo Ceven sui vi Menel = “✱on Earth as in Heaven”

ce

adverb. may(be), might

Celegorm

Celegorm (name)

Celegorm's father-name was Turcafinwë, which in The Shibboleth of Feanor is translated as "Strong, powerful(in body) Finwë". His mother-name was Tyelkormo, meaning "Hasty-riser" a reference to his quick temper. Tyelka, in Quenya, is an adjective which means "swift, agile or hasty". The name Celegorm is the Sindarin version of his mother-name. The Noldorin celeg has the same meaning as tyelka, as they are both derived from the root kyelek.

Celebdil

Celebdil

Celebdil is the Sindarin name of Khuzdul Zirakzigil, translated as the mountain Silvertine. Celebdil contains celeb ("silver") and a derivative of the root TIL. Silvertine contains tine, "spike, sharp horn".

Celeborn

Celeborn

Celeborn is a Sindarin name, consisting of celeb ("silver") + a derivative of ornā ("tall"). Teleporno, his original Telerin name, has an identical meaning. The name Teleporno was "Sindarized" as Celeborn: Telerin telpe ("silver") (Quenya tyelpe) was transformed to Sindarin celeb. He was given the epithet "the Wise" by Galadriel in The Lord of the Rings.

Celebrant

Celebrant

Celebrant is a Sindarin name, consisting of celeb, "silver" and rant, "course". The element lode in Silverlode means "course, water-channel". These names were also a translation of Kibil-nâla in Khuzdul, the language of Dwarves.

Celebrimbor

Celebrimbor

The name Celebrimbor is the Sindarin translation of his Quenya father-name Telperinquar (pron. [ˌtelpeˈriŋʷkʷar]). His mother-name is unknown. Celebrimbor consists of celebrin ("silver-like") + baur ("fist").

Celebrindor

Celebrindor

The etymology of Celebrindor's name is uncertain. The most likely meaning is "silverlike lord" from celebrin "silver-like (adjective)" and taur, which means among other things "lord".

Celegorm

Celegorm

Celegorm's father-name was Turcafinwë, which in The Shibboleth of Feanor is translated as "Strong, powerful(in body) Finwë". His mother-name was Tyelkormo, meaning "Hasty-riser" a reference to his quick temper. Tyelka, in Quenya, is an adjective which means "swift, agile or hasty". The name Celegorm is the Sindarin version of his mother-name. The Sindarin celeg has the same meaning as tyelka, as they are both derived from the root kyelek.

Celepharn

Celepharn

The etymology of Celepharn's name is unknown. Robert Foster categorizes the name as Sindarin. Tolkien fans have speculated that Celepharn might be composed of celeb ("silver") + a derivative of the root PHAR ("reach, go all the way, suffice"), thus meaning something like "enough silver" or "sufficient silver".

Celos

Celos

The Sindarin name Celos derives from the root KELU- ("flow out swiftly") + ending -sse, -ssa. The Quenya cognate is kelussë ("freshet, water falling out swiftly from a rocky spring").

Cerin Amroth

Cerin Amroth

Cerin Amroth is a Sindarin name meaning "Amroth's Mound", consisting of cerin + Amroth.

celeg

celeg

Probably OS keleka, from PQ kyelekâ, Root KYELEK

certh

Certh

Old Sindarin *kirta, root KIR "cut"

certhas

Certhas

From Certh with the collective ending -as

celu

source

1) celu (i gelu, o chelu) (spring), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath. 2) eithel (spring, issue of water), pl. eithil

celu

source

(i gelu, o chelu) (spring), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath.

celu

noun. spring, source, spring, source; [G.] rill, stream, runlet

cennada-

verb. make seen, reveal, show

A theoretical verb (OS kenna-ta- < CE kennâ < KEN); cp. attested tangada- from tanc (TAK).

celef

noun. deer, hind

A neologism coined by Gábor Lőrinczi appearing on the VQP (VQP) based on primitive ✶kel(e)bē of the same meaning.

celf

noun. channel

A neologism for “channel” coined by Elaran in 2018 based on ᴹQ. kelma of the same meaning.

celia-

verb. to illuminate, light up; to illustrate

A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo, the Sindarin equivalent of ᴹQ. kalya-, to serve as a replacement for G. dantha- of the same meaning.

celias

noun. (artificial) light, illumination

A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo, an abstraction based on ᴺS. celia- “to illuminate”.

cethaeg

noun. horizon

A neologism for “horizon” coined by Elaran from the VQP (VQP), a combination of S. cen- “see/sight” and S. taeg “boundary”.

cevemphast

noun. earth quake

A neologism for “earthquake” created by Paul Strack in 2021 specifically for Eldamo, inspired by Gnomish G. maragwast from the 1910s but with its elements updated to S. ceven “earth” and ᴺS. past “shaking”. Another possibility would be cevemmast if it were a more ancient compound with medial mph &gt; mm, but I think the elements would remain transparent and the word would be reformed to back to cevemphast.

Celebdil

Silverspike

Celebdil is the Sindarin name of Khuzdul Zirakzigil, translated as the mountain Silvertine. From celeb, "silver" and til, "spike".

Silvertine contains tine, "spike, sharp horn".

Celebrant

Silverlode

Celebrant is a Sindarin name, consisting of celeb, "silver" and rant, "course".

The element lode in Silverlode means "course, water-channel".

These names were also a translation of Kibil-nâla in Khuzdul, the language of Dwarves.

Celos

flow out swiftly

The Sindarin name Celos derives from the root KELU- ("flow out swiftly") + ending -sse, -ssa. The Quenya cognate is kelussë ("freshet, water falling out swiftly from a rocky spring").

Cerin Amroth

Amroth's Mound

Cerin Amroth is a Sindarin name meaning "Amroth's Mound", consisting of cerin + Amroth.

Celos

freshet

celos (i gelos, o chelos) (water falling swiftly from a spring), pl. celys (i chelys)

Celos

water falling swiftly from a spring

celos (i gelos, o chelos) (freshet), pl. celys (i chelys).

Celos

water falling swiftly from a spring

celos (i gelos, o chelos) (freshet), pl. celys (i chelys).

cae

earth

(i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also

ceber

spike

(i** geber, o cheber) (stake, stone ridge), pl. **cebir (i** chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn** Gebir.

ceber

stone ridge

(i geber, o cheber) (spike, stake), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir.

ceber

stake

ceber (i geber, o cheber) (spike, stone ridge), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir. Cf. also

ceber

stake

(i geber, o cheber) (spike, stone ridge), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir. Cf. also

ceber

stone ridge

ceber (i geber, o cheber) (spike, stake), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir.

ceber

stone ridge

ceber (i geber, o cheber) (spike, stake), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir.

cefn

earthen

cefn (lenited gefn, pl. cifn)

cefnas

earthenware

cefnas (i gefnas, o chefnas), pl. cefnais (i chefnais) (VT45:19)

cefnas

earthenware

(i gefnas, o chefnas), pl. cefnais (i chefnais) (VT45:19)

celair

brilliant

celair (lenited gelair; no distinct pl. form)

celeb

silver

1) (noun) celeb (i geleb, o cheleb), pl. celib (i chelib) if there is a pl. form. 2) (adj., "of/like silver") celebren (lenited gelebren, pl. celebrin; also celebrin- as first element of compounds, as in Celebrindal). Also celefn (lenited gelefn, pl. celifn). As for ”silver” as adjective, see also SHINING WHITE. Adj.

celeg

swift

1) celeg (agile), lenited geleg, pl. celig, 2) lagor, analogical pl. legyr, 3) legrin (rapid), no distinct pl. form, 4) lint (no distinct pl. form)

celeg

swift

(agile), lenited geleg, pl. celig

celeg

agile

celeg (swift), lenited geleg, pl. celig

celeg

agile

(swift), lenited geleg, pl. celig

celeth

stream

(noun) 1) celeth (i geleth, o cheleth), pl. celith (i chelith), 2) sirith (i hirith, o sirith) (flowing), no distinct pl. except with article (i sirith), 3) nên (water, lake, pool, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn, 4) rant (watercourse, water-channel, lode, vein), pl. raint (idh raint), coll. pl. rannath.

celeth

stream

(i geleth, o cheleth), pl. celith (i chelith)

cell

running

(adj.) cell (of water: flowing), lenited gell; pl. cill

cell

flowing

(adj., used of water) cell (running), lenited gell, pl. cill

celon

river

(i gelon, o chelon), pl. celyn (pl. i chelyn)

celos

water falling swiftly from a spring

(i gelos, o chelos) (freshet), pl. celys (i chelys).

celos

freshet

(i gelos, o chelos) (water falling swiftly from a spring), pl. celys (i chelys)

celu

spring

(of water) 1) celu (i gelu, o chelu) (source), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath. 2) (well) eithel (source, issue of water), pl. eithil.

celu

spring

(i gelu, o chelu) (source), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath.

cen

verb. see

cen- (i gên, i chenir), also tíra- (i díra, i thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”. SEEING #cened (i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see mirror, SEEING STONE *gwachaedir (*i 'wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186)

cened

seeing

(i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see MIRROR.

cened

sight

#cened (i gened) (seeing), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see MIRROR.

cened

sight

(i gened) (seeing), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see

cenedril

mirror

cenedril (i genedril, o chenedril), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chenedril), coll. pl. cenedrillath. Literally "looking-glass" (cened + rill).

cenedril

mirror

(i genedril, o chenedril), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chenedril), coll. pl. cenedrillath. Literally "looking-glass" (cened + rill).

cennan

potter

cennan (i gennan, o chennan), pl. cennain (i chennain)

cennan

potter

(i gennan, o chennan), pl. cennain (i chennain)

cerch

sickle

cerch (i gerch, o cherch), pl. circh (i chirch)

ceredir

doer

ceredir (i geredir, o cheredir) (maker), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cheredir)

ceredir

doer

(i geredir, o cheredir) (maker), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cheredir)

ceredir

maker

ceredir (i geredir, o cheredir) (doer), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cheredir)

ceredir

maker

(i geredir, o cheredir) (doer), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cheredir)

cerin

circular enclosure

cerin (i gerin, o cherin) (circular raised mound), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cherin).:

cerin

circular enclosure

(i gerin, o cherin) (circular raised mound), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cherin).

cerin

circular raised mound

(i gerin, o cherin) (circular enclosure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cherin).

cerin

circular raised mound

cerin (i gerin, o cherin) (circular enclosure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i cherin).

certh

rune

certh (i gerth, o cherth), pl. cirth (i chirth). RUNE-ROW (collection of runes) certhas (i gerthas, o cherthas), pl. certhais (i cherthais). LONG RUNE-ROW (a certain system of runes) Angerthas (and + certhas).

certhas

rune-row

(i gerthas, o cherthas), pl. certhais (i cherthais).

certhas

alphabet

(runic alphabet) certhas (i gerthas, o cherthas) (rune-row), pl. certhais (i cherthais)

certhas

alphabet

(i gerthas, o cherthas) (rune-row), pl. certhais (i cherthais)

cerveth

july

Cerveth (na Gerveth, o Cherveth), also Cadlaer

cesta-

ziF1`C= verb. to seek, search for

Sindarin cognate of the Quenya word cesta-.

Phonetic Developments:
ketʰta- > kesta-, cesta-

ceven

earth

1) ceven (i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23), 2) (world) Amar (archaic Ambar), pl. Emair; 3) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds. 4) (maybe ”earth” as substance) cae (i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also SOIL.

ceven

earth

(i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23)

cae

noun. earth

ceiria-

verb. to cause, bring about

ceredis

noun. crafter (f.)

cesta-

verb. to seek, search for, look for

cestaed

adjective. curious, seeking, inquisitive

cestaedas

noun. curiosity

ceth-

verb. to examine, search, interrogate

cethia-

verb. to cause interest, to interest (oneself)

< KETH-yā

cethiol

adjective. interesting

cevorf

noun. potato, (lit.) earth-apple

cefn

earthen

(lenited gefn, pl. cifn)

cefn

adjective. of earth, earthen

celair

brilliant

(lenited gelair; no distinct pl. form)

celair

adjective. brilliant, *shining

celedia-

verb. illuminate

A neologism from calad "a light"; compare aglar > egleria-.

cell

flowing

(running), lenited gell, pl. cill

cell

running

(of water: flowing), lenited gell; pl. cill

cen

see

(i** gên, i** chenir), also tíra- (i** díra, i** thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”.

cerch

sickle

(i gerch, o cherch), pl. circh (i chirch)

certh

rune

(i gerth, o cherth), pl. cirth (i chirth).

cerveth

july

(na Gerveth, o Cherveth), also Cadlaer

ennorath

noun. central lands, Middle Earth

en(ed) (“center”) + (n-)dor (“region, dwelling”) + ath (class plural suffix)

enaid

adjective. central, middle

enedh

noun. centre, middle, centre, middle; [N.] core

@@@ Tolkien vacillated between enedh (< √ENED) and ened (perhaps < √ENET) in his later writings. In HSD/ened, it is suggested that ened is the likely “final” form based on Enedwaith as it appears in The Lord of the Rings and as discussed on Let/224. I prefer enedh for better compatibility with its Quenya cognate endë as in Q. enderi “middle-days” (LotR/1108, endë + ré “day”). If the Sindarin form were ened < √ENET, the corresponding Quenya form would instead be entë. Furthermore, in a general discussion of the uses of dh on VT42/20, Tolkien states that “Enedhwaith is misspelt”, possibly meaning that the normal spelling (Enedwaith) is not strictly correct.

ened

noun. centre

ennorath

noun. central lands, middle-earth

thîr

noun. face, face, [N.] look, expression, countenance

A word appearing as an element in the name Caranthir “Red-face”, derived from primitive ✶stīrē (VT41/10), which was likely tied to the root √TIR “watch”.

Conceptual Development: The same noun N. thîr appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the glosses “look, face, expression, countenance”, but there it was derived from the root ᴹ√THĒ “look (see or seem)” (Ety/THĒ). Earlier “face” words include G. gwint from the 1910s (GL/46) and ᴱN. ant from the 1920s with more elaborate form ᴱN. annas (PE13/137, 160).

ened

noun. core, centre, middle

While the word is written enedh in the Etymologies, it seems that Tolkien considered and reconsidered its form throughout his life. Late rough jottings (c. 1968), as well as the text of letter no. 168 and the fact that the toponym Enedwaith was never changed on the LotR map, seem to imply that ened is the (most) definitive form. See also the possibly related preposition ned , which has sometimes been suggested to mean "in" (while again a prefix nedh- is seen in the Etymologies)

îdh

noun. peace

peace, tranquillity

angerthas

noun. runic alphabet, long rune-rows (extended version of the Certhas)

cordof

noun. pippin (seed of certain fruits, or more probably small red apple)

galad

noun. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water)

ithildin

noun. a silver-colored substance, which mirrors only starlight and moonlight

tirith

noun. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance

enaidh

adjective. central, middle

enedhren

adjective. central, essential

enedh

center

1) enedh (core, middle), pl. enidh, 2) nest (heart, core), pl. nist

enedh

center

(core, middle), pl. enidh

ennor

place name. central land, middle-earth

nest

center

(heart, core), pl. nist

post

cessation

post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, rest, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)

post

cessation

(i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, rest, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)

enedh

core

1) enedh (middle, center), pl. enidh, 2) nest (heart, center), pl. nist

enedh

core

(middle, center), pl. enidh

nest

core

(heart, center), pl. nist

posta-

verb. to stop, cease, leave off, rest

@@@ Fiona Jallings suggested it might also mean “rest”, but for this I think sedh- is better

nîf

face

1) nîf (construct nif) (front). No distinct pl. form. 2) thîr (look, expression, countenance) (VT41:10)

sîdh

peace

sîdh (i hîdh), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîdh) if there is any pl. form. 1) aeg (point, thorn). No distinct pl. form. (but aeglir can be used for a range of mountain peaks). Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) mîn (i vîn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîn), coll. pl. míniath. Note: homophones include the numeral ”one” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 3) egnas (sharp point; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassath.

sîdh

peace

(i hîdh), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîdh) if there is any pl. form.

thîr

face

(look, expression, countenance) (VT41:10)

postad

noun. stopping, cessation, leaving off

curu

cunning device

(i guru, o churu) (skill, craft), pl. cyry (i chyry) (VT45:24). Similar forms function as adjectives:

eithel

source

(spring, issue of water), pl. eithil

nîf

face

(construct nif) (front). No distinct pl. form.

aras

noun. deer, deer, hart, *stag

A word in the name Cabed-en-Aras “Deer’s Leap” (S/224; UT/150). Its primitive form ✶aras(sō) was translated “hart” (PE21/82), so this word probably refers to a male deer.

calardan

noun. lampwright

A word for a “lampwright” (PE17/96; RC/523), appearing in its plural form in the name Rath Celerdain “Lampwrights’ Street” (LotR/768).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s it appeared in the mutated plural forms chalardain and chelerdain (WR/287, 388)

calben

proper name. *Light One

Sindarin equivalent of Q. Calaquende, a translation of that name rather than an ancient word, otherwise it would have been ✱✱Calbend (WJ/362). It was also applied differently than the Quenya name, used for all Elves except the Avari, rather than only those Elves who had seen Valinor (WJ/376), and later expanded to include all “peoples in alliance in the War against Morgoth” (WJ/377), both Elves and Men. This name is a combination of shortened form of calad “light” and the suffixal form -ben of pen “one, somebody”, hence: “✱Light One”.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the equivalent of ᴹQ. Kalaqendi was Caleledh or Celion (EtyAC/KAL). S. Caleðel appeared in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 (PE17/140), as well as Calemben (PE17/141) as a possible precursor of Calben.

cam

noun. (cupped) hand, holding hand; handful

A common Sindarin word for “hand”, most notably an element in the names Camlost “Empty-handed” and Erchamion “One-handed”. In drafts of Tolkien’s 1968 notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals, he glossed this word as “handful, holding hand” (VT47/22 note #19). In the final version of these notes, Tolkien said that its Quenya equivalent camba “referred to the whole hand, but as flexed, with fingers more or less closed, cupped, in the attitude of receiving or holding” (VT47/7), and in the Silmarillion Appendix Christopher Tolkien indicated the same was true of the Sindarin word (SA/cam).

However, based on the 1950s phrase sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “✱now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” (VT50/5), I think the Sindarin word is more general in meaning, able to refer to a hand in any context, but most specifically an open hand or one holding an object loosely, as opposed to paur for a tightly closed hand. Based on the gloss “handful”, it seems it could also be used as a unit of measure for the contents of a hand (potential or actual): cam miriain “a hand[ful] of coins”.

Conceptual Development: A possible precursor to this word was G. gob “hollow of hand” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√kop- “keep, guard” (GL/40; QL/47). In The Etymologies of the 1930s the word was N. cam “hand” derived from the root ᴹ√KAB “hollow” (Ety/KAB), a form Tolkien retained thereafter. In later notes he usually derived this word from √KAB (VT47/7, 20), though in one place he considered deriving it from √KAM instead (VT47/20); this root change seems to have been a transient idea.

carch

noun. fang, fang, [N.] tooth

The Sindarin word for “fang” (SA/carak), most notably appearing as an element in the names like S. Carchost “Fang Fort” (RC/601) and S. Carcharoth “Red Maw” (S/180), perhaps more literally “✱Great Red Fang”. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. carch was glossed “tooth, fang” under the root ᴹ√KARAK “sharp fang, spike, tooth” (Ety/KARAK). For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d use the word carch exclusively for the sharp teeth of animals (“fang”) and for “tooth” I’d use [N.] nêl or neleg.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had the word G. carc “jag, point, fang” (GL/25), likely based on the earlier form of the root: ᴱ√KṚKṚ (QL/48). This early word reflects the different phonetic developments of Gnomish versus Sindarin/Noldorin: compare G. orc (GL/63) vs. S./N. orch.

carn

noun. deed

A Sindarin noun for a “deed”, attested only in its lenited form garn within the word othgarn “misdeed” (PE17/151). The alternate form carth “deed” is perhaps better attested.

carth

noun. deed

Sindarin noun for a “deed”, attested only in its lenited plural form gerth within the word úgarth “trespass” (VT44/28), which probably more literally means “✱misdeed”. This word is not completely compatible with its Quenya cognate Q. carda “deed” from primitive ✶kardā, which in Sindarin should produce ✱cardh. Perhaps the Sindarin word had a slightly different primitive form ✱✶kartā. The expect form cardh might appear as an element in the variant form athragardh of S. athragared “interaction”.

Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest precursor of this word is G. carm “act, deed, exploit” in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GL/25; PE13/111), cognate of contemporaneous ᴱQ. karma “shape, fashion; act, deed” (QL/45). In the Early Noldorin word lists from the 1920s, this word was revised to ᴱN. carbh “deed” (PE13/140), reflecting Tolkien’s changing conception of the phonetic development of final -m in Noldorin. In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the word appeared as N. carth or carð “deed” (cardh), but these forms were rejected and replaced by N. car(ð) “building” (Ety/KAR).

cordof

masculine name. Pippin

Sindarin translation of the name Pippin, referring to the son of Samwise Gamgee rather than the Peregrin Took (SD/117, 126). This name may have the same meaning as Pippin = Wes. razar “a kind of small red apple” (PM/51), as suggested by David Salo (GS/346).

cýron

noun. new-moon

A word appearing in notes from the late 1960s glossed “new-moon” and derived from primitive ✶keu̯rānā (VT48/7), where the ancient diphthong eu became ȳ in the initial syllable, while in the final syllable first ā became au and then au become o as usual in polysyllables, the last development made clear by the archaic form †cýrawn. As such, this word is basically a combination of S. cýr “renewed” and the suffixal form -ron of S. Raun “Moon”.

dom

adjective. blind

A Sindarin word for “blind” in a deleted paragraph of notes from 1969, derived from the root √DOM “dark” along with a plural form dym (PE22/153 note #50). This paragraph was deleted because of Tolkien’s shifting thoughts on the behavior of the Quenya prefix la-, so I think [ᴺS.] dom “blind” may remain viable for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

Conceptual Development: There is a remarkably similar word ᴱN. damb or dam “blind” from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/141), but its etymology is unclear.

ennor

place name. Middle-earth

Sindarin equivalent of Endórë “Middle-earth”, derived from the same primitive form because in Sindarin [[s|[mb], [nd] became [mm], [nn]]] (LotR/1115).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the form N. Emerin appeared with the same translation but a completely different derivation (Ety/MBAR). In later writings, Tolkien generally derived S. Ennor from the root √ENED “centre, middle” (Let/384, PE17/26). He considered several alternate derivations, from √ENET or √HEN(ET) (VT41/16), but these reflected his uncertainty of the proper form of the root √ENED, not of S. Ennor itself.

ithil

noun. Moon

The usual name for the Moon in Sindarin, from an augmented form of the root √THIL (Let/425; Ety/THIL). This word is most likely the proper name of the Moon, analogous to English “Luna”: in The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien indicated Ithil was a “poetic name”. Compare this to S. Raun “Wanderer”, which is more descriptive of the nature of the body and hence closer to “Moon” (and “moon”).

Conceptual Development: The first precursor to this name seems to be G. Thilim “Moon” in an early list of names (PE14/13). This became G. {Thil >>} Sil “Rose of Silpion, Moon” (GL/67, 72) and G. {Thilmos >>} Silma in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/33, 67), both derivatives of the early root ᴱ√SILI as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Sil). The name Ithil first appeared in early versions of the tales of Númenor from the 1930s (LR/41).

lavan

noun. animal

A word for an “animal” in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, where Tolkien said it “usually only applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds” (WJ/416). It was derived from the root √LAM in the sense “inarticulate voiced sound”.

Conceptual Development: ᴱN. lafn was mentioned as a cognate to ᴱQ. lama “animal” in the Early Qenya Phonology from the 1920s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶labna (PE14/70).

maw

noun. hand

The Sindarin equivalent of Q. má, likewise derived from the root √MAH or √MAƷ “hand; handle, wield” (PE17/162; VT47/6). However, in Sindarin this word was archaic, used only in poetry, having been replaced in ordinary speech by other words like S. mâb and (less often) cam. Other remnants of this word can be seen in compounds like molif “wrist, (orig.) hand link” and directional words like forvo and harvo for left and right hand side.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, G. mô from the early root ᴱ√MAHA was the normal word for “hand”, replacing mab “hand” (< ᴱ√MAHA) which in this document Tolkien decided was instead an irregular dual form of mô (GL/55). It had also had an irregular plural mabin based on this dual, replacing an older plural †maith. In the Gnomish Grammar, its archaic form was †mâ, with the usual Gnomish sound change of ā to ō (GG/14), as opposed to later Sindarin/Noldorin ā to au, spelt -aw when final. Tolkien seems to have abandoned mô as a non-archaic word for “hand” early on, preferring ᴱN. mab “hand” by the 1920s and introducing N. cam “hand” in the 1930s.

methed

noun. end

This word is attested in later writings as an element in the names Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” and possibly Methedras “Last Peak” (of the Misty Mountains). The latter name first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s as N. Methen Amon and Methendol (TI/404), making it likely that methed is a revision from the earlier adjective N. methen (Ety/MET).

This new form likely changed from an adjective to a noun, since -ed/-ad is usually a gerundal suffix in Sindarin (forming nouns from verbs). This word is clearly a noun in the name Methed-en-Glad, and could also be a noun in Methedras (= “Peak of the End?”).

mâb

noun. hand, hand, [N.] grasp

The typical Sindarin word for “hand” (VT47/7, 20), usable in almost any context. It is most notable as an element in the name Mablung “Heavy Hand” (VT47/8). See below for a discussion of its etymology.

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where G. mab “hand” appeared as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√MAPA “seize” (GL/55). Tolkien then revised the gloss to “hands”, saying instead it was an irregular dual of G. mô “hand”. The word reverted to singular ᴱN. mab “hand” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/149). These early versions of the word were already an element of Mablung “Heavy Hand(ed)” (LT2/38; LB/311), but also of Ermabwed “One-handed” (LT2/34; LB/119).

In the 1930s it seems Tolkien decided Ilk. mâb “hand” was primarily an Ilkorin word, and the usual word for “hand” in Noldorin was N. cam. Compare Ilkorin Ermabuin “One-handed” and Mablosgen “Empty-handed” with Noldorin Erchamion and Camlost of the same meaning. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Tolkien had N. mab “grasp” under the root ᴹ√MAPA “seize”, but the version of the entry with that word was overwritten (EtyAC/MAP), leaving only the Ilkorin form mâb. In this period, Mablung may also have been an Ilkorin name.

After Tolkien abandoned Ilkorin in the 1950s, he kept S. Erchamion and Camlost based on cam, but also kept Mablung “Heavy Hand” which must have become Sindarin. In his later writings Tolkien again revisited the etymology of S. mâb “hand”. In a note from Jan-Feb 1968, he wrote:

> It [Q. má = “hand”] did not survive in Telerin and Sindarin as an independent word, but was replaced by the similar-sounding but unconnected C.E. makwā, Q. maqua, T. mapa, S. mab, of uncertain origin, but probably originally an adjectival formation from MAK “strike” ... (VT47/19).

This sentence was struck through, however. In drafts of notes on Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals written in or after 1968, Tolkien again derived mâb from √MAP (VT47/20 note #13), but in the final version of these notes he made the remarkable decision to discard this root despite it being a stable part of Elvish for nearly 50 years, declaring it was used only in Telerin and not Quenya or Sindarin (VT47/7). He coined a new etymology for S. mâb “hand” based on ✶makwā “handful” = ✶mā + ✶kwā (VT47/6-7), a variation on the above etymology from √MAK.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer to ignore Tolkien’s 1968 removal of √MAP “seize”, and so would continue to derive S. mâb “hand” from that root. However, its ancient meaning may have been “✱grasp”, and its eventual use as “hand” might have been influenced by ancient ✶makwā “handful”.

raun

noun. Moon

A word for “moon”, equivalent of Q. Rána, attested in later writings only as the element -rawn in the archaic form S. †cýrawn “new-moon”, in modern speech cýron (VT48/7). Based on its use in this word, as well as in N. cúran “crescent moon” [ᴺS. cúron], it seems this is the ordinary word for “Moon” (or “moon”) as a celestial body, as opposed to S. Ithil which is the proper name of the moon, equivalent to English “Luna”. Raun is derived from primitive ✶rānā from the root √RAN “wander”, and hence originally meant something like “Wanderer”, though its Quenya equivalent is usually translated “Wayward”.

Conceptual Development: A very similar form G. Rân “the moon” appeared in Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/64), as well as ᴱN. rán “moon” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/152), though in this period its etymology is unclear. It appeared as N. Rhân “Moon” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√RAN “wander, stray” (Ety/RAN), but in this period its Quenya equivalent was ᴹQ. Rana with short a. In later writings the Quenya form became Q. Rána, requiring a change to S. Raun since ancient ā became au in Sindarin.

-il

point

suff. point, ending. >> niphredil, til

Anor

noun. Sun

_n. Astron._Sun. Q. anār/anăr. >> Ithil

aeg

noun. point

The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir , so there must be a noun aeg "point"

bain

fair

_ adj. _fair, good, blessed, wholesome, favourable, without evil/bad element, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bân

bân

adjective. fair

_ adj. _fair, good, wholesome, favourable, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bain

calad

noun. light

_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> galad

calar

noun. lamp

n. lamp. >> calardan

calardan

lampwright

pl1. celerdain n. lampwright. Q. calmatan. >> calar

caran

red

_ adj. _red, ruddy. >> Caradhras

galad

light

_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> calad, Caras Galadon

heledh

'looking-cristal'

{ð} n. 'looking-cristal', looking-glass. >> Nen Cenedril

laeg

green

_ adj. _green. >> Legolas

laeg

adjective. "viridis", fresh and green

Seldom used (replaced by calen )

orgaladh

noun. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree

This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar

orgaladhad

noun. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees

This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar

rhû

evil

adj. evil, wicked. Q. hruo. >> Rhudaur

rhû

evil

_ adj. _evil, wicked. Q. hrúa, hrúya. >> rhu-, Rhudaur

sirith

place name. Flowing

A river in Gondor appearing on the maps of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1186), it is simply the gerund sirith “flowing” used as a name (SA/sîr, VT42/11).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, N. Sirith appeared the list of rivers of Gondor (TI/312).

sîr

stream

_ n. _stream. >> Nanduhirion

til

point

n. point, ending. >> -il, niphredil

tirith

watch

{1st ĭ}_n._watch, ward, guard. >> tíria, Minas Tirith

angerthas

long rune-row

(and + certhas).

cabed

leap

(i gabed, o chabed), pl. cebid (i chebid)

cabor

frog

cabor (i gabor, o chabor), analogical pl. cebyr (i chebyr). Archaic cabr.

cabor

frog

(i gabor, o chabor), analogical pl. cebyr (i chebyr). Archaic cabr.

cadu

shaped

cadu (formed) (lenited gadu, analogical pl. cedy). May appear in lenited form -gadu at the end of compounds. Archaic cadw.

cadu

shaped

(formed) (lenited gadu, analogical pl. cedy). May appear in lenited form -gadu at the end of compounds. Archaic cadw.

cadu

formed

*cadu (shaped) (lenited gadu, analogical pl. cedy). Also -gadu at the end of compounds. Attested in archaic form cadw.

cadu

formed

(shaped) (lenited gadu, analogical pl. cedy). Also -gadu at the end of compounds. Attested in archaic form cadw.

cadwar

shapely

1) cadwar (lenited gadwar, pl. cedwair), also cadwor (lenited gadwor, pl. cadwoer). Archaic *cadwaur. 2) maed (lenited vaed; no distinct pl. form) (handy). Note: a homophone means ”skilled, handy”.

cadwar

shapely

(lenited gadwar, pl. cedwair), also cadwor (lenited gadwor, pl. cadwoer). Archaic ✱cadwaur.

calad

light

_(noun) _1) calad (i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i **aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i **âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).

calad

light

(i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i ’aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i ’âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).

calan

daytime

(i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain)

calar

lamp

#calar (i galar, o chalar), pl. celair (i chelair). Isolated from the pl. compound celerdain "lampwrights", sg. *calardan.

calar

lamp

(i galar, o chalar), pl. celair (i chelair). Isolated from the pl. compound celerdain "lampwrights", sg. ✱calardan.

calardan

lampwright

calardan (i galardan, o chalardan), pl. celerdain (i chelerdain)

calardan

lampwright

(i galardan, o chalardan), pl. celerdain (i chelerdain)****

calben

elda

(Elf of the Great Journey, as opposed to the Avari) calben (i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin). The general word for Elves, Elidh or Edhil, may be used in the sense of Quenya Eldar (which itself is often used in a generalized sense: any kind of Elves).

calben

elda

(i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin). The general word for Elves, Elidh or Edhil, may be used in the sense of Quenya Eldar (which itself is often used in a generalized sense: any kind of Elves).

calben

elf of the great journey

(i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin).

calen

green

1) (etymologically "bright") calen (lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath **Gelin, "Green Ridges"). 2) laeg (fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas** ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).

calen

green

(lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath Gelin, "Green Ridges").

callon

hero

1) callon (i gallon, o challon), pl. cellyn (i chellyn), coll. pl. callonnath; 2) thalion (dauntless man), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”.

callon

hero

(i gallon, o challon), pl. cellyn (i chellyn), coll. pl. callonnath

calph

vessel

(water vessel) calph (i galph, o chalph), pl. celph (i chelph). By another suggestion, if the word goes like alph "swan", the pl. forms could be ceilph (i cheilph).

calph

vessel

(i galph, o chalph), pl. celph (i chelph). By another suggestion, if the word goes like alph "swan", the pl. forms could be ceilph (i cheilph).

calph

water vessel

calph (i galph, o chalph), pl. celph (i chelph). By another suggestion, if the word goes like alph "swan", the pl. forms could be ceilph (i cheilph).

calph

water vessel

(i galph, o chalph), pl. celph (i chelph). By another suggestion, if the word goes like alph "swan", the pl. forms could be ceilph (i cheilph).

camlann

of the hand

(i gamlann, o chamlann), pl. cemlain (i chemlain).

canath

fourth part

(i ganath, o chanath) (farthing), pl. cenaith (i chenaith). As coin, the fourth part of the more valuable coin called mirian. (PM:45)

canath

farthing

canath (i ganath, o chanath) (fourth part), pl. cenaith (i chenaith). As coin, the fourth part of a mirian. (PM:45)

canath

farthing

(i ganath, o chanath) (fourth part), pl. cenaith (i chenaith). As coin, the fourth part of a mirian. (PM:45)

cannas

shaping

cannas (i gannas, o channas), pl. cennais (i chennais), coll. pl. cannassath

cannas

shaping

(i gannas, o channas), pl. cennais (i chennais), coll. pl. cannassath

car

house

(building, dwelling-place) 1) car or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity. 2) adab (building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb. 3)

car

house

or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity.

car

building

car or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (house), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car (or adab) may be preferred for clarity.

car

building

or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (house), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car (or adab) may be preferred for clarity.

carab

hat

carab (i garab, o charab), pl. ceraib (i cheraib) (WJ:187)

carab

hat

(i garab, o charab), pl. ceraib (i cheraib) (WJ:187)

carach

jaws

(i garach, o charach), pl. ceraich (i cheraich)

carag

tooth of rock

(i garag, o charag) (spike), pl. ceraig (i cheraig)

carag

spike

1) carag (i garag, o charag) (tooth of rock), pl. ceraig (i cheraig). 2) ceber (i geber, o cheber) (stake, stone ridge), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir. 3) till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, point, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild.

carag

spike

(i** garag, o charag) (tooth of rock), pl. ceraig (i** cheraig).

caran

red

1) caran (lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern), 2) coll (scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak". 3) born (hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn, 4) (fiery red) naru (analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. _NAR_1). 5) rhosc (russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc. Cf. also

caran

red

(lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern)

carch

tooth

(i garch, o charch), pl. cerch (i cherch).

carch

fang

carch (i garch, o charch) (tooth), pl. cerch (i cherch)

carch

fang

(i garch, o charch) (tooth), pl. cerch (i cherch)

cardh

deed

cardh (i gardh, o chardh), pl. cerdh (i cherdh). Note: cardh may also mean "house, building".

cardh

deed

(i gardh, o chardh), pl. cerdh (i cherdh). Note: cardh may also mean "house, building".

cared

doing

#cared (i gared, o chared) (making), pl. cerid (i cherid). Isolated from ceredir "doer, maker", where the word appears in umlauted form (cared + dîr).

cared

doing

(i gared, o chared) (making), pl. cerid (i cherid). Isolated from ceredir "doer, maker", where the word appears in umlauted form (cared + dîr).

cared

making

#cared (i gared, o chared) (doing), pl. cerid (i cherid). Isolated from ceredir "doer, maker", where the word appears in umlauted form (cared + dîr).

cared

making

(i gared, o chared) (doing), pl. cerid (i cherid). Isolated from ceredir "doer, maker", where the word appears in umlauted form (cared + dîr).**

cordof

apple

(small red apple, "pippin") cordof (i gordof, o chordof), pl. cerdyf (i cherdyf), coll pl. cordovath

cordof

apple

(i gordof, o chordof), pl. cerdyf (i cherdyf), coll pl. cordovath

cordof

pippin

(small red apple) cordof (i gordof, o chordof), pl. cerdyf (i cherdyf), coll. pl. cordovath

cordof

pippin

(i gordof, o chordof), pl. cerdyf (i cherdyf), coll. pl. cordovath

coron

mound

1) coron (i goron, o choron) (globe, ball), pl. ceryn (i cheryn), 2) cûm (i gûm, o chûm, construct cum) (heap), pl. cuim (i chuim).

coron

mound

(i goron, o choron) (globe, ball), pl. ceryn (i cheryn)

coron

globe

coron (i goron, o choron) (ball, mound), pl. ceryn (i cheryn)

coron

globe

(i goron, o choron) (ball, mound), pl. ceryn (i cheryn)

coron

ball

coron (i goron, o choron) (globe, mound), pl. ceryn (i cheryn)

coron

ball

(i goron, o choron) (globe, mound), pl. ceryn (i cheryn)

coru

cunning

(adj.) coru (wily), lenited goru, analogical pl. cery. Archaic corw (pl. cyrw).

coru

cunning

(wily), lenited goru, analogical pl. cery. Archaic corw (pl. cyrw).

coru

wily

1) coru (cunning), lenited goru, analogical pl. cery. Archaic corw (pl. cyrw), 2) crumguru ("having a cunning left hand" = sinister, guilty), lenited grumguru, pl. crumgyry (or crymgyry if the entire word is umlauted, but this may be unlikely) (VT45:24)

coru

wily

(cunning), lenited goru, analogical pl. cery. Archaic corw (pl. cyrw)

cêf

soil

(noun) 1) *cêf (i gêf, o chêf), pl. cîf (i chîf), coll. pl. cevath (suggested Sindarin forms of ”Noldorin” cef, pl. ceif). 2) maw (i vaw) (stain), pl. moe (i moe). Note: a homophone is an archaic word for ”hand”.

cêf

soil

(i gêf, o chêf), pl. cîf (i chîf), coll. pl. cevath (suggested Sindarin forms of ”Noldorin” cef, pl. ceif).

cên

gore

(i gên, o chên, construct cen) (wedge), pl. cîn (i chîn). Alternative sg. form cîn (i gîn, o chîn, construct cin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîn)  (VT45:20)

cên

wedge

(i gên) (gore), pl. cîn (i chîn). Alternative form cîn (i gîn, o chîn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîn) (VT45:20)

cîl

renewal

cîl (i gîl; no distinct pl. form except with article: i chîl) (VT48:8)

cîl

renewal

cîl (i gîl, o chîl), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. ?cíliath. (VT48:8). A homophone means ”cleft, pass between hills, cleft”.

cîw

fresh

1) cîw (lenited gîw; no distinct pl. form) (new), 2) laeb (no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” lhoeb (LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK) 3) laeg (green), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).

cýron

new moon

cýron (i gýron), pl. cýroen (i chýroen). Archaic *cýraun, spelt cýrawn in the source (VT48:7).

daur

stop

(noun) daur (i dhaur) (pause; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath

daur

stop

(i dhaur) (pause; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath

daur

pause

(noun) 1) daur (i dhaur) (stop; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath. 2) (noun) post (i bost, o phost) (halt, rest, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)

daur

pause

(i dhaur) (stop; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath.

duin

river

(long, large river with strong current) duin (i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin) (VT48:24)

duin

large river

(i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin), coll. pl. duinath (Names:179, PM:54); compare the river-name Anduin, ”long river”.

edhel

elf

(pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). (WJ:363, 377-78; the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > *Elrim*** may also occur). But since elin** also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

eithel

spring

(source, issue of water), pl. eithil.

enedh

middle

enedh (core, center), pl. enidh

enedh

middle

(core, center), pl. enidh

glaer

long lay

(i ’laer) (narrative poem), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glaer)

glawar

sunlight

(i ’lawar) (gold, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair) if there is a pl. (VT41:10)

glîr

lay

glîr (i **lîr, construct glir) (poem, song), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath**;

glîr

lay

(i ’lîr, construct glir) (poem, song), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath;

gwachaedir

seeing stone

(i ’wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186) ****

hûn

heart

1) (physical heart) hûn (i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin), 2) (inner mind) gûr (i **ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11). 3) ind (inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath. 4) nest (core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû**- apparently meaning ”heart”..

laeg

green

(fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386). 

laegel

green-elf

pl. laegil; coll. pl. laegrim or laegeldrim (WJ:385). These forms from a late source would seem to supersede the ”N” forms listed in LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK: *Lhoebenidh* or *Lhoebelidh*. The Green-elves of Beleriand were also called Lindel (pl. Lindil), also Lindedhel (pl. Lindedhil)  *(WJ:385)*.

mornedhel

dark elf

(i Vornedhel), pl. Mornedhil (i Mornedhil). Conceivably the entire word could be umlauted in the pl.: ?Mernedhil. **(WJ:409) Another term for ”Dark Elf” is Dúredhel (i Dhúredhel), pl. Dúredhil (i Núredhil**).

nagol

tooth

1) *nagol (analogical pl. negyl, coll. pl. naglath*; possibly the analogical form nagolath would also be acceptable). Only the coll. pl. naglath is attested. 2) naes (no distinct pl. form) (VT45:36). 3) nêl (note: a homophone means ”three”), stem neleg-, whence pl. nelig. Also simply neleg (pl. nelig). 4) (fang) carch (i garch, o charch), pl. cerch (i cherch**).

nagol

tooth

(analogical pl. negyl, coll. pl. naglath; possibly the analogical form ✱nagolath would also be acceptable). Only the coll. pl. naglath is attested.

naith

gore

1) naith (spearhead, wedge, point, promontory); no distinct pl. form; 2) cên (i gên, o chên, construct cen) (wedge), pl. cîn (i chîn). Alternative sg. form cîn (i gîn, o chîn, construct cin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîn) (VT45:20)

naith

wedge

1) naith (spearhead, gore, point, promontory); no distinct pl. form; 2) cên (i gên) (gore), pl. cîn (i chîn). Alternative form cîn (i gîn, o chîn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîn) (VT45:20) WEDGE-FORMATION, see MAN-SPEARHEAD: No general word for ”weed” is known, but cf.

nest

heart

(core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû- apparently meaning ”heart”..

nogoth

dwarf

(pl. negyth; coll. pl. nogothrim). Archaic pl. ”noegyth” = nögyth (WJ:388, 408) 3) norn (pl. nyrn, coll. pl. nornwaith). From the adj. norn ”twisted, knotted, crabbed, hard”. (MR:93, WJ:205) 4) #Gonhir (i ’Onhir), literally ”Master of Stone”, no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir, maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim  (WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”) The coll. pl. Dornhoth ("Thrawn folk") (WJ:388, 408) also refers to the Dwarves.

nor

run

(verb) 1) nor- (i nôr, in nerir). Only attested as imperative noro! 2) *yr-. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form yurine* ”I run” is given in the source; the verbal stem would become ior**- in ”Noldorin”, but apparently *yr- in Sindarin. Compare COURSE, q.v., where the words come from the same root __-.

nêl

tooth

(note: a homophone means ”three”), stem neleg-, whence pl. nelig. Also simply neleg (pl. nelig).

pathra

fill

pathra- (i bathra, i phathrar). Also panna- (i banna, i phannar), but pathra- may be preferred for clarity since panna- also means ”open, enlarge”.

pathra

fill

(i bathra, i phathrar). Also panna- (i banna, i phannar), but pathra- may be preferred for clarity since panna- also means ”open, enlarge”.

pind

ridge

pind (i bind, o phind, construct pin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath.

pind

ridge

(i bind, o phind, construct pin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath.

post

pause

(i bost, o phost) (halt, rest, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)

pêl

enclosure

pêl (i bêl, construct pel) (fence, fenced field, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root __, LR:380).

pêl

enclosure

(i bêl, construct pel) (fence, fenced field, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root PEL(ES), LR:380).

raun

moon

(pl. roen, idh roen), coll. pl. ronath. Cf. the ending -ron at the end of month-names. Raun is basically the adj. ”straying, wandering” used as a noun, hence identifying the Moon as ”the Wanderer”. – The ”Noldorin” form rhân presupposes a different primitive form and may not correspond to S ✱rân as would normally be supposed.

redhor

noun. farmer

A neologism for “farmer” coined by Elaran on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) on 2018-07-14, an agental form of ^redh- “to sow” (updated form of N. rhedh-).

rhosc

red

(russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc. Cf. also

sirith

stream

(i hirith, o sirith) (flowing), no distinct pl. except with article (i sirith)

sirith

flowing

(noun) sirith (i hirith, o sirith) (stream), no distinct pl. except with article (i sirith)

sirith

flowing

(i hirith, o sirith) (stream), no distinct pl. except with article (i sirith)

sîr

river

1) (also = rill) sîr (i hîr, o sîr), in compounds sir- or -hir or -hír; no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîr), coll. pl. siriath. Note: sîr is also the adverb ”today”. 2) celon (i gelon, o chelon), pl. celyn (pl. i chelyn), 3) The word lind ”singer” may also be used of rivers (see . (WJ.309).

sîr

river

(i hîr, o sîr), in compounds sir- or -hir or -hír; no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîr), coll. pl. siriath. Note: sîr is also the adverb ”today”.

sîr

rill

(i hîr, o sîr), in compounds -hir or -hír; no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîr), coll. pl. siriath. Note: sîr is also the adverb ”today”.

talf

palm

(of hand) 1) talf (i dalf, o thalf), pl. ?telf (i thelf), coll. pl. talvath. Note: a homophone means ”low, flat field; wetland”.2) camlann (i gamlann, o chamlann), pl. cemlain (i chemlain), 3) *plâd (cited as ”plad” in the source) (i blâd, construct plad), (flat of the hand, hand held upwards or forwards, flat and tensed, with fingers and thumb closed or spread), pl. plaid (i phlaid). (VT47:9) PASS THE SENSITIVE PALM OVER A SURFACE, see .

talf

palm

(i dalf, o thalf), pl. ?telf (i thelf), coll. pl. talvath. Note: a homophone means ”low, flat field; wetland”.2) camlann (i gamlann, o chamlann), pl. cemlain (i chemlain), 3)  ✱plâd (cited as ”plad” in the source) (i blâd, construct plad), (flat of the hand, hand held upwards or forwards, flat and tensed, with fingers and thumb closed or spread), pl. plaid (i phlaid). (VT47:9)

till

spike

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, point, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.

till

point

till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild. 5)

till

point

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild. 5)

tirith

watch, watching

(i dirith, o thirith) (guard, guarding, vigilance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thirith)

tiwdi

alphabet

tiwdi (i diwdi), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thiwdi). (VT46:16; David Salo would read têwdi)

tiwdi

alphabet

(i diwdi), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thiwdi). *(VT46:16; David Salo would read têwdi)*

tîr

looking

(noun) tîr (i dîr, also -dir at the end of compounds) (view, glance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thîr), coll. pl. tíriath. Note: a homophone means ”straight, right” (adj.)

tîr

looking

(i dîr, also -dir at the end of compounds) (view, glance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thîr), coll. pl. tíriath. Note: a homophone means ”straight, right” (adj.)

cabed

noun. leap

cadhad

noun. dwarf

caen

cardinal. ten

cair

noun. ship

canad

cardinal. four

car-

verb. to do, make

caran

adjective. red

caw-

verb. to taste

cidinn

?. [unglossed]

cinnog

?. [unglossed]

cîw

adjective. fresh, new, renewed

cýra-

verb. to renew

cŷl

noun. *renewal

cŷr

adjective. renewed

edhel

noun. Elf

eledh

noun. Elf

ell

noun. Elf

ethuil

noun. spring, spring [the season]

gwana

noun/adjective. fair

hadhod

noun. Dwarf

heledh

noun. glass

laew

adjective. fresh

lind

adjective. fair

maed

adjective. shapely, shapely, *pretty

maud

?. [unglossed]

pae

cardinal. ten

penedh

noun. Elf

sirith

noun. flowing

tuil

noun. spring

tíra-

verb. to see

dom

adjective. blind

ess

noun. name

mechor

noun. gore

orf

noun. apple

perol

noun. jar

pi

adverb. if

sinnen

adjective. known

ummas

noun. evil

calar

noun. (portable) lamp

ae

lE conjunction. if, supposing

Cognate of Q. ai.

Anor

noun. sun

aras

noun. deer

aur

noun. day, sunlight, morning

cadu

adjective. shaped, formed

caen-

cardinal. ten

cair

noun. ship

calad

gerund noun. light

calan

noun. day, period of actual daylight

Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.

calardan

noun. lampwright

caledhel

proper name. *Light Elf

calen

adjective. green

calen

green

(galen) _ adj. _green (fresh, vigorous). galen after a sg. noun. Q. kălina (lit. illumined) sunny, light.

calph

noun. water-vessel

cam

noun. hand

camlann

noun. palm of hand

camm

noun. hand

canad

cardinal. four

carab

noun. hat

carach

noun. jaw, row of teeth

caran

adjective. red

carch

noun. tooth, fang

coron

noun. globe, ball

coron

noun. mound

coru

adjective. cunning, wily

círdan

noun. shipbuilder, shipwright

cîl

noun. (?) renewal

cîr

adjective. fresh, new

cîw

adjective. fresh, new

daur

noun. pause, stop

daur

noun. league (about 3 miles)

duin

noun. (long and large) river (having strong current)

eithel

noun. issue of water, spring, well

elen

noun. Elf

eneth

noun. name

esta-

verb. to name

fael

adjective. fair minded, just, generous

gaer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

gal-

verb. stem see paradigm PE17:132

v. pres. stem see paradigm PE17:132.

gwain

adjective. fair

adj. fair. . This gloss was rejected.

gwinig

noun. "litte baby"

gwinig

noun. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)

gwân

adjective. fair

_ adj. _fair, pale.

gûr

noun. heart (in the moral sense), counsel

haudh

noun. (burial) mound, grave, tomb

heledh

noun. glass

laeb

adjective. green

_ adj. _green. A theoretical equivalent to Q. laiqua but that did not exist in Sindarin.

laeb

adjective. fresh

laeg

adjective. green

_ adj. _green (of leaves, herbage). Q. laika.

laew

adjective. fresh

_ adj. _fresh.

lagor

adjective. swift, rapid

The form lhegin in the published Etymologies might be a misreading for lhegrin, see VT/45:25. As noted by Bertrand Bellet, the two forms are listed side by side, and they may simply be doublets, but it is also possible that we have here a singular followed by its plural.

lavan

noun. animal (usually applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds)

lim

adjective. swift

adj. swift. Noro lim, noro lim Asfaloth. 'Run swift, run swift Asfaloth'. Q. limbe,#linta.

mab-

noun. a hand-full, complete hand (with all five fingers)

madu

?. [unglossed]

maed

adjective. shapely

maw

noun. hand

medui

adjective. end

adj. end, final, last. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'. m > v after preposition.

methed

noun. end

mithril

noun. true-silver, a silver-like metal

mâb

noun. a hand-full, complete hand (with all five fingers)

nor-

verb. to run

nor-

verb. to ride

oraearon

noun. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day

oranor

noun. second day of the week, day of the Sun

orbelain

noun. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar

orgilion

noun. first day of the week, day of the Stars

orithil

noun. third day of the week, day of the Moon

ormenel

noun. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day

pae

cardinal. ten

paean

cardinal. ten

panna-

verb. to fill

penneth

noun. ridges, group of downs

penninor

noun. last day of the year

pinnath

noun. ridges, group of downs

plad

noun. palm, flat of the hand, hand held upwards or forwards, flat and tensed (with fingers and thumb closed or spread)

rend

adjective. circular

ruin

adjective. (fiery) red

sennas

noun. guesthouse

singil

noun. mirror

sirith

noun. flowing

sîr

noun. river

talf

noun. palm of hand

thalion

noun. hero, dauntless man (especially as surname of Húrin Thalion)

tíra-

verb. to see

tírad

gerund noun. to see, for the seing

ylf

noun. drinking-vessel

Anor

sun

1) Anor (pl. Anoer if there is a pl.) Archaic Anaur (SD:306). 2) naur (mainly in compounds as nar-, -nor) (flame, fire), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath.

adab

house

(building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb.

adab

building

1) adab (house), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb_. _2)

adab

building

(house), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb. 2)

ae

conjunction. if

aeg

point

1) aeg (peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) naith (spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form. 3) nass (sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais. 4)

aeg

point

(peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing".

amar

earth

(archaic Ambar), pl. Emair

anc

jaw

anc (row of teeth), pl. ainc, coll. pl. angath.

anc

jaw

(row of teeth), pl. ainc, coll. pl. angath.

aras

deer

aras (pl. erais, coll. pl. arassath)

aras

deer

(pl. erais, coll. pl. arassath)

aur

day

aur (morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

aur

day

(morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

avar

non-eldarin elf

pl. Evair, also called

bain

fair

bain (beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.

bain

fair

(beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.

born

red

(hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn

bâr

house

bâr (dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bâr

house

(dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bâr

earth

(dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

cab

leap

(i gâb, i chebir), pa.t. camp;

caetheb

noun. original

cair

ship

cair (in compounds cír-) (i gair, o chair), pl. cîr, i chîr; coll. pl. ciriath.

cair

ship

(in compounds cír-) (i gair, o chair), pl. cîr, i chîr; coll. pl. ciriath.

cam

hand

1) cam (i gam, o cham), pl. caim (i chaim), coll. pl. cammath; 2) mâb (i vâb; construct mab), pl. maib (i maib). 3) Archaic †maw (i vaw), pl. moe (i moe). A homophone means ”soil, stain”. (VT47:6) 4) (fist) dond (i dhond; construct don), pl. dynd (i nynd), coll. pl. donnath (VT47:23).

cam

hand

(i gam, o cham), pl. caim (i chaim), coll. pl. cammath

canad

cardinal. four

canad;

canad

four

;

cannui

fourth

. The reading in VT42:25  is "canthui", but the phonology presupposed in LotR would require ✱cannui. David Salo regards "canthui" as a dialectal form.

cirion

shipman

(i girion) (sailor), pl. ciryn (i chiryn), coll. pl. cirionnath.

coll

red

(scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak".

corn

circular

1) corn (round, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle", 2) rend (pl. rind) (VT46:11),

corn

circular

(round, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle"

crann

ruddy

(lenited grann, pl. crain).

critha

reap

critha- (i gritha, i chrithar)

critha

reap

(i gritha, i chrithar)

crumguru

wily

("having a cunning left hand" = sinister, guilty), lenited grumguru, pl. crumgyry (or crymgyry if the entire word is umlauted, but this may be unlikely) (VT45:24)

crûm

left hand

(i grûm, o chrûm, construct crum), pl. cruim (i chruim), coll. pl. crummath. Also ✱hair (i chair), no distinct pl. form (not even with article). Note: hair is also used = ”left” as adjective. Cited in archaic form heir (LR:365 s.v. KHYAR).

círdan

shipbuilder, shipwright

(i gírdan, o chírdan) (shipwright), pl. círdain (i chírdain).

círdan

shipbuilder

círdan (i gírdan, o chírdan) (shipwright), pl. círdain (i chírdain)

cûm

mound

(i gûm, o chûm, construct cum) (heap), pl. cuim (i chuim).

cŷr

renewed

cŷr (lenited gŷr; no distinct pl. form) (VT48:7-8). Another form, cîr, clashes with the word for ”ship”.s

cŷr

renewed

cŷr (lenited gŷr; no distinct pl. form) (VT48:7-8). Another form, cîr, clashes with the word for ”ship”.

dar

stop

(verb, used intransitively in the LotR), dar- (i dhâr, i nerir) (halt). The imperative daro! is attested.

dar

stop

(i dhâr, i nerir) (halt). The imperative daro! is attested.

dilia

stop up

(i dhilia, i niliar), pa.t. diliant (VT45:9).

dond

hand

(i dhond; construct don), pl. dynd (i nynd), coll. pl. donnath (VT47:23).

dúnedhel

elf of beleriand

(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*

ecthel

spear point

(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point”

edhelharn

elf-stone

(pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).

edinor

anniversary day

(pl. edinoer). Archaic edinaur. In ”Noldorin”, the word appeared as edinar.

elleth

elf-woman

(pl. ellith) (WJ:363-64, 377)

ellon

elf-man

(pl. ellyn)

elvellon

elf-friend

(pl. elvellyn, coll. pl. elvellonnath (WJ:412);

eneth

name

(noun) eneth (pl. enith)

eneth

name

(pl. enith)

ennor

middle-earth

Ennor, also in coll. pl. ennorath = lands of Middle-earth (RGEO, Letters:384). Apparently less usual is the term Emerain.

ennor

middle-earth

also in coll. pl. ennorath = lands of Middle-earth (RGEO, Letters:384). Apparently less usual is the term Emerain.

esta

name

(verb.) esta- (call) (i esta, in estar)

esta

name

(call) (i esta, in estar)

ethir

of a river

(estuary), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. ethiriath. Note: a homophone means "spy".

ethuil

spring

(season) ethuil (no distinct pl. form). SPRING-SINGER, see SWALLOW

ethuil

spring

(no distinct pl. form).

forgam

right-handed

(pl. fergaim, for archaic förgeim)

fuir

right hand

pl. fŷr. Also used as adj. "right, north" (VT42:20). In ”Noldorin” the word appeared as (”foeir” =) föir, feir (LR:382 s.v. PHOR).

gaer

red, reddish

(copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

gail

light

(adjective) 1) gail (bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18), 2) lim (clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.

gail

light

(bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18)

glaur

golden light

(i ’laur), pl. gloer (in gloer).

glóren

shining with golden light

(glórin-) (golden), lenited ’lóren; pl. glórin

gobel

village

(i ’obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. ✱göbil.

gond

rock

gond (i **ond, construct gon) (great stone), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath** (Letters:410).

gond

rock

(i ’ond, construct gon) (great stone), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath (Letters:410).

gwanwel

elf of aman

(”departed” Elf), pl. gwenwil (in gwenwil), coll. pl. gwanwellath. (WJ:378) Also gwanwen; see

gwatha

soil

(verb) gwatha- (i **watha, in gwathar**) (stain)

gwatha

soil

(i ’watha, in gwathar) (stain)

gûr

heart

(i ’ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11).

hadhod

dwarf

(i chadhod, o chadhod), pl. hedhyd (i chedhyd), coll. pl. hadhodrim (WJ:388). This was a word borrowed from Dwarvish Khazâd.

haudh

burial mound

(i chaudh, o chaudh) (barrow, grave, tomb), pl. hoedh (i choedh), coll. pl. hodhath.

heledh

glass

heledh (i cheledh, o cheledh), pl. helidh (i chelidh) if there is a pl.

heledh

glass

(i cheledh, o cheledh), pl. helidh (i chelidh) if there is a pl.

hûn

heart

(i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin)

iaw

corn

(not = ”maize”) iaw, pl. ioe (in ”Noldorin” the pl. was iui, VT46:22). Note: a homophone means ”ravine, cleft, gulf”.

iaw

corn

pl. ioe (in ”Noldorin” the pl. was iui, VT46:22). Note: a homophone means ”ravine, cleft, gulf”.

ind

heart

(inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.

ior

i

in ”Noldorin”, but apparently ✱yr- in Sindarin. Compare

ithil

moon

(= ”the sheen”)

lagor

swift

analogical pl. legyr

lanc

sudden end

(sharp edge, sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath.

lasgalen

leaf-green

(pl. lesgelin).

lavan

animal

(quadrupedal mammal) lavan, pl. levain (WJ:416)

lavan

animal

pl. levain (WJ:416)

lefn

elf left behind

pl. lifn.

legrin

swift

(rapid), no distinct pl. form

lim

light

(clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.

lind

river

”singer” may also be used of rivers (see

lint

swift

(no distinct pl. form)

maed

shapely

(lenited vaed; no distinct pl. form) (handy). Note: a homophone means ”skilled, handy”.

manadh

final end

(i vanadh) (fate, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh).

maw

soil

(i vaw) (stain), pl. moe (i moe). Note: a homophone is an archaic word for ”hand”.

maw

hand

(i vaw), pl. moe (i moe). A homophone means ”soil, stain”. (VT47:6) 

ment

point

(at the end of a thing) ment (i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath.

ment

point

(i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath**. **

meth

end

(noun) 1) meth (i veth), pl. mith (i mith). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”last”. 2) (rear, hindmost part) tele (i dele, o thele), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES). 3) ( maybe primarily ”last point in line; last of a series of items”) #methed (i vethed), pl. methid (i methid). Isolated from the name Methedras, the last in a line of mountain peaks.

meth

end

(i veth), pl. mith (i mith). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”last”.

methed

end

(i vethed), pl. methid (i methid). Isolated from the name Methedras, the last in a line of mountain peaks.

methen

end

(adj.) methen (lenited vethen; pl. methin) (VT45:34)

methen

end

(lenited vethen; pl. methin) (VT45:34)

miniel

first elf

(i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath. (WJ:383)

mâb

hand

(i vâb; construct mab), pl. maib (i maib).

naes

tooth

(no distinct pl. form) (VT45:36).

naew

jaw

naew; no distinct pl. form;

naew

jaw

; no distinct pl. form;

naith

point

(spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form.

naith

gore

(spearhead, wedge, point, promontory); no distinct pl. form

naith

wedge

(spearhead, gore, point, promontory); no distinct pl. form

naru

red

(analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. NAR1).

nass

point

(sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.

nass

sharp end

(point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.

nasta

point

(verb) nasta- (i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)

nasta

point

(i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)

naug

dwarf

(in compounds -nog), pl. #noeg, coll. pl. naugrim, nogrim. (WJ:388, 408, 413; VT45:13). In ”Noldorin” the pl. was nuig, but the Sindarin pl. form noeg is attested in Nibin-noeg ”Petty-dwarves” (WJ:187, 420). Note: naug is also used as an adj. ”dwarfed, stunted”. This word for ”dwarf” also appears in a diminutive form: naugol (in compounds naugla-), coll. pl. nauglath. 2)

niben-naug

petty-dwarf

nog; pl. Nibin-noeg, coll. pl. *Nibin-nogrim** (UT:148)*

nor

run

(i nôr, in nerir). Only attested as imperative noro! 2) ✱yr-. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form yurine ”

noss

house

(family) 1) noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan), 2) nost (pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360), 3) nothrim (family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)

noss

house

(construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan)

nost

house

(pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360)

nothrim

house

(family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)

nuitha

stop short

(i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stunt; not allow to continue) (WJ:413).

nên

stream

(water, lake, pool, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn

ogol

evil

1) ogol (wicked), pl. egyl (archaic ögyl) (VT48:32), 2) possibly also um (bad), pl. ym (or uim?) (David Salo would read *ûm with a long vowel. According to VT46:20, it may be that Tolkien intended um as a primitive base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word; the word ogol may therefore be preferred.)

ogol

evil

(wicked), pl. egyl (archaic ögyl) (VT48:32)

pae

cardinal. ten

pae (the ”Noldorin” form caer listed in the Etymologies was apparently abandoned by Tolkien).

pae

ten

(the ”Noldorin” form caer listed in the Etymologies was apparently abandoned by Tolkien).

paenui

tenth

.

peredhel

half-elf

(pl. peredhil) (PM:256, 348).

rafn

extended point at the side

(wing, horn), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

rant

channel

(water-channel) rant (watercourse, stream; lode, vein), pl. raint (idh raint), coll. pl. rannath

rant

channel

(watercourse, stream; lode, vein), pl. raint (idh raint), coll. pl. rannath

rant

stream

(watercourse, water-channel, lode, vein), pl. raint (idh raint), coll. pl. rannath.

rant

water-channel

(watercourse, stream; lode, vein), pl. raint (idh raint), coll. pl. rannath

rend

adjective. circular

rend

circular

(pl. rind) (VT46:11)

send

grey-elf

(i hend, o send, construct sen) (probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda), pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form).

sennas

guesthouse

(i hennas), pl. sennais (i sennais), coll. pl. sennassath (RC:523)

tele

end

(i dele, o thele), pl. teli (i theli). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was telei (LR:392 s.v. TELES).

thalion

hero

(dauntless man), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”.   

thela

spear point

(-thel), pl. ?thili, 3) aith; no distinct pl. form.