ang

noun. iron

This was the word for “iron” in Sindarin and its conceptual precursors for much of Tolkien’s life. It was derived from primitive ✶angā of the same meaning (PM/347).

Conceptual Development: G. ang “iron” dates all the way back to the the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), and appeared regularly in Tolkien’s writings thereafter, always with the same form and meaning.

ang

noun. iron

angband

place name. Iron Prison

The fortress of Morgoth in the North, translated “Iron Prison” (WJ/15), a compound of ang “iron” and band “prison” (SA/ang, band).

Conceptual Development: The name G. Angband appeared in the earliest Lost Tales, but in these early stories it was translated “Hells of Iron” (LT2/77, GL/19). This translation persisted into Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/13, LR/259). However, N. Angband was translated “Iron Prison” in The Etymologies (Ety/MBAD), and this was the usual interpretation in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (MR/305, WJ/15). Christopher Tolkien gave both translations in the Silmarillion Index (SI/Angband).

angren

adjective. of iron

ang

iron

ang; adj.

ang

iron

; adj.

angwedh

chain

angwedh ("iron bond", ang + gwêdh), pl. engwidh

angwedh

chain

("iron bond", ang + gwêdh), pl. engwidh

angren

of iron

(pl. engrin);

angwedh

iron-bond

(pl. engwidh)

an-

prefix. intensive prefix

ang

noun. iron

ang

noun. iron

angwedh

noun. chain, fetter, (lit.) iron-bond

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “chain, (lit.) iron-bond”, a combination of N. ang “iron” and N. gwedh “bond” (Ety/WED). The same words appeared in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s, but with the gloss “fetter” instead of “bond” (PE22/32).

Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴱN. angath “fetters” appeared in the Early Noldorin Dictionary from the 1920s, but there it was simply the plural of ᴱN. ang “iron”, so literally “✱irons” (PE13/159).

angband

place name. Iron Prison, Hells of Iron

ang(ren)ost

place name. Isengard

angren

adjective. of iron

angwedh

noun. chain

a-

prefix. intensive prefix

anga

noun. iron

This was the Quenya word for “iron” for much of Tolkien’s life, derived from primitive ✶angā of the same meaning (PM/347).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. anga “iron” dates back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/31). In this document it had some competing alternatives: ᴱQ. yere(n) “pig iron” under the early root ᴱ√DYEÐE (QL/105) and {ᴱQ. tongo “iron”} under the early root ᴱ√TOŊO “to hammer” (QL/94), though this second form was deleted. Neither of these alternatives survived in Tolkien’s later writings, and The Etymologies of the 1930s had only ᴹQ. anga “iron” under the root ᴹ√ANGĀ (Ety/ANGĀ). Tolkien stuck with this form thereafter.

anga

iron

anga noun "iron", also name of tengwa #7 (ANGĀ, Appendix E, SA, PM:347, LT1:249, 268). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, anga was the name of letter #19, which tengwa Tolkien would later call noldo instead (VT45:6). Masc. names Angamaitë "Iron-handed" (Letters:347), Angaráto "Iron-champion", Sindarin Angrod(SA:ar(a) ). See also Angamando, tornanga and cf. Angainor as the name of the chain with which Melkor was bound (Silm)

angwenda

noun. chain

A neologism for “chain” created by Petri Tikka in PPQ (PPQ) from the early 2000s based on angwedh. I would use [ᴱQ.] limil for “chain” instead.

erë

iron

erë, eren noun "iron" or "steel"; Eremandu variant of Angamandu (Angband) (LT1:252; "iron" should be anga in LotR-style Quenya, but erë, eren may still be used for "steel". See also yaisa.)

am-

signifying addition, increase

am- (2) prefix used in comparison, "signifying addition, increase" (PE17:90), or with genitive superlative: elenion ancalima "brightest of stars" (PE17:91). Originally identical with #1 above. The form am- as such is in late Quenya only used before p and (presumably) before vowels; the longer form ama- came to be preferred before r and l; before other consonants, the prefix assumes the form an- (pronounced, but not in Romanized Quenya orthography written, añ- before c) (PE17:90-92). Phonologically we would expect am- before y- (since my is an acceptable Quenya combination); however, Tolkien used an- in the word anyára (q.v.) See an- #2 and compare ar- #2.

limil

noun. chain

A word appearing as ᴱQ. limil “a chain” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√LIMI (QL/54).

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writings √LIM means “link, join”, so I think it can continue to serve as the basis for a (Neo-Quenya) word ᴺQ. limil “chain”.

an-

prefix. intensive prefix

am(a)-

prefix. intensive prefix

limil

chain

limil noun "chain" (QL:54)

anga

root. iron

The root √ANGA was established as the Primitive Elvish root for “iron” quite early in Tolkien’s writing, with the derivatives Q. anga and S. ang. The form ANGA appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/31) serving as both the root and the Early Qenya form, and G. ang appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/19). The root ᴹ√ANGĀ reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/ANGĀ), and it appeared once more in notes associated with The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 (PM/366).

angā

noun. iron

am-

prefix. intensive prefix

anga

noun. iron