ech

noun. spine, *spiny quill or bristle

A noun for “spine” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√EK (Ety/EK; EtyAC/EK). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road it was given the gloss “spear” (LR/355), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne corrected this to “spine” in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT45/12). Given the root’s association with pointed things, this word likely means “spine” in the sense of “✱spiny quill or bristle” in a plant or animal, and not “spine” as in “vertebrae”.

ech

noun. spine

The Etymologies as published gloss this word as "spear", but the correct reading is provided in VT/45

ech

maybe ( 2nd sg

_pron. _maybe ( 2nd sg. ?) emphatic or reflexive pronoun. >> est, im

ech

pronoun. ?you, yourself (singular)

ech

spine

(= pricle or thorn) ech (pl. ich) (VT45:12)

ech

spine

(pl. ich) (VT45:12)

gwachae

far away

(adj.) *gwachae (remote), lenited wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186, isolated from gwahaedir).

gwachae

adjective. far away

êphalak

adjective. far away

A combination of êphal “far” and the suffix -ak (SD/247, 312), which could either mean “away” or be some kind of intensifier. See the entry for -ak for further discussion.

ecco

spine

ecco ("k") noun "spine". (In the Etymologies as printed in LR, entry EK/EKTE, the gloss is given as "spear", but according to VT45:12 this is a misreading of Tolkien's manuscript.)

vahaia

adverb. far away

vaháya

far away

vaháya adj. "far away" (LR:47, SD:310). Also spelt vahaiya (SD:247)