im-

prefix. same

Derivations

• √IM “same, alike, [ᴱ√] same, alike”

Element in

• Q. imlë “yourself (polite)” ✧ VT47/37
• Q. imma “same, self-same, same thing” ✧ VT47/37
• Q. immë “ourselves (exclusive)” ✧ VT47/37
• Q. immo “same one (person), self” ✧ VT47/37
• ᴺQ. imnetyala “hypocritical, (lit.) self-adorning”
• ᴺQ. imnetyalë “hypocrisy, (lit.) self-adornment”
• ᴺQ. imnetyando “hypocrite”
• Q. imni “myself” ✧ VT47/37
• Q. imya “same, identical, self-same” ✧ VT47/37
• Q. indë “yourselves” ✧ VT47/37
• Q. insa “itself” ✧ VT47/37
• Q. insë “himself, herself” ✧ VT47/37
• Q. intë “themselves” ✧ VT47/37
• ᴺQ. intu “themselves (dual)”
• Q. intyë “yourself (familiar)” ✧ VT47/37
• Q. inwë “ourselves (inclusive)” ✧ VT47/37

-n

suffix. I

-n(yë)

suffix. I

Derivations

• ✶ni “I, me” ✧ VT49/50

Element in

• Q. Mettanyë “?I End”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ni > -n	[-ne] > [-n]	✧ VT49/50

Variations

• -n(ye) ✧ PE17/057; PE17/190
• -nye ✧ PE17/075; PE17/075; PE22/161; VT49/16; VT49/48; VT49/51
• -n ✧ PE17/075; PE17/075; VT49/16; VT49/48; VT49/51

i

article. the

Cognates

• S. i “the” ✧ PE17/066

Element in

• Q. aiya Eldalië ar Atanatári, utúlie’n aurë “Behold, people of the Eldar and Fathers of Men, the day has come!” ✧ S/190; WJ/166
• Q. alcar i Ataren ar i Yondon ar i Airefëan “glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit” ✧ VT43/37; VT43/37; VT43/37
• Q. ar aistana i yávë mónalyo Yésus “and blessed is the fruit of thy womb Jesus” ✧ VT43/31
• Q. ar ámen apsenë úcaremmar “and forgive us our trespasses” ✧ VT43/19
• Q. ar i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa tennoio “and of the One who is above all thrones for ever” ✧ UT/305
• Q. ar mi cemen rainë i hínin “and on earth peace, good will toward men” ✧ VT44/35; VT44/35
• Q. á sac’ i fendë, mecin “close the door, please” ✧ PE22/166
• Q. auta i lómë “The night is passing!” ✧ S/190; WJ/166
• Q. caitas lá i sír “it is beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
• Q. caitas palla i sír “it is far beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
• Q. eldar ataformaiti “the Elves were ambidexters” ✧ VT49/08
• Q. epetai i hyarma ú ten ulca símaryassen “consequently the left hand was not to them evil in their imaginations” ✧ VT49/12
• Q. et i péti “*out of the lips, out of the mouth” ✧ VT47/35
• Q. Heru Imillion “Lord of the Rings” ✧ DTS/54
• Q. i arani Eldaive “The kings of the Eldar” ✧ WJ/369
• Q. i arani Eldaron “The kings of the Eldar” ✧ WJ/369
• Q. i Equessi Rúmilo “The Sayings of Rúmil” ✧ WJ/398
• Q. i fairi nécë “the pale phantoms” ✧ MC/221; MC/222
• Q. i falmalinnar imbë met “on the foaming waves between us” ✧ LotR/0377; PE17/127; RGEO/58
• Q. an i falmalī “*on the foaming waves” ✧ PE17/127
• Q. i falmalinnar imbë met “upon the (many) foaming waves between us (two)” ✧ RGEO/59
• Q. i Héru aselyë “the Lord is with thee” ✧ VT43/29
• Q. i hyarma tentanë Melcorello “the left hand pointed away from Melkor” ✧ VT49/22
• Q. Indis i·Ciryamo “The Mariner’s Wife” ✧ UT/008
• Q. Ingoldo “The Noldo” ✧ PE19/076
• Q. i roccor rindi “the horses are swift” ✧ PE21/77
• Q. i Tumbo Tarmacorto “the Vale of the High Mountain Circle” ✧ NM/351
• Q. i Túrin i Cormaron “the Lord of the Rings” ✧ Minor-Doc/1973-05-30; Minor-Doc/1973-05-30
• Q. i tyulma ciryava “the mast of the ship” ✧ PE21/80
• Q. i·oromandi tanna lendë “*the wood-spirits came thither” ✧ PE16/096
• Q. lan i Valaron arcanwar tauvar “*while the thrones of the Valar endure” ✧ PE22/147
• Q. lendes lann’ i sír “he came (to a point) beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
• Q. lendes pallan(na) i sír “he came (to a point) far beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
• Q. mana i coimas Eldaron? “What is the ‘coimas’ of the Eldar?” ✧ PM/395
• Q. mana i·coimas in·Eldaron? “What is the ‘coimas’ of the Eldar?” ✧ PM/403; PM/403
• Q. ma Varda enquantuva i yulma nin sí “will Varda now refill the cup for me?” ✧ PE22/161
• Q. lissë miruvóreva mí oromardi “of sweet nectar in the high-halls”
• Q. lírinen ómo i·aire tário “by the song of the voice of the holy queen” ✧ PE17/076
• Q. lírinen ómo i·aire táríva “by the song of the voice of the holy queen” ✧ PE17/076
• Q. Quennar Onótimo ✧ MR/049
• Q. roccor i Erulingaron márë nár (ma naitë)? “the horses of the Rohirrim are good (are they not, lit. is it true)” ✧ PE22/166
• Q. násië “now and at the hour of our death: Amen” ✧ VT43/35
• Q. sí man i yulma nin enquantuva? “who now shall refill the cup for me?” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
• Q. sí man i yulma nin enquantuva? “now who the cup for me will refill?” ✧ RGEO/59
• Q. sí man i yulmar men enquantuva? “*who now shall refill the cups for us?” ✧ Minor-Doc/2013-05-13
• Q. sí man i yulmar n(g)wen enquantuva “*who now will refill the cups for us (dual)” ✧ VT21/06
• Q. Sindar i Eldar Malariando “Grey are the Elves of Beleriand” ✧ PE21/77; PE21/77
• Q. sínen i·anda nyarnë metta ar taina andaurenya na quanta “*with this the long tale ends and my extended long day is complete” ✧ Minor-Doc/1955-CT
• Q. sustanë Manwëo súlë ten i indo Sindicollo ar he lastanë ar carnes “*the spirit of Manwe blew unto the heart of Thingol and he listened and did it” ✧ NM/239
• Q. tambë engë i et... “as it was [in] the [beginning]...” ✧ VT43/38
• Q. tyulma i ciryo “the mast of the ship” ✧ PE21/80
• Q. utúlie’n aurë “The day has come!” ✧ S/190; WJ/166
• Q. yan i wilyar antar miquelis “*to whom the air gives kisses” ✧ PE16/096
• Q. yassen tintilar i eleni “wherein the stars tremble” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
• Q. yassen tintilar i eleni “in which twinkle the stars” ✧ RGEO/59

Variations

• i ✧ DTS/54; LotR/0377; LotR/0377; LotR/0377; MC/221; MC/222; Minor-Doc/1955-CT; Minor-Doc/1973-05-30; Minor-Doc/2013-05-13; MR/049; NM/239; NM/351; PE16/096; PE17/013 (i); PE17/065; PE17/066; PE17/068; PE17/127; PE17/127; PE19/076; PE21/77; PE21/80; PE22/147; PE22/161; PE22/166; RGEO/58; RGEO/58; RGEO/58; RGEO/59; RGEO/59; RGEO/59; S/190; UT/305; UT/317; VT21/06; VT43/19; VT43/29; VT43/31; VT43/35; VT43/37; VT43/37; VT43/37; VT43/38; VT44/35; VT47/35; VT49/08; VT49/12; VT49/22; WJ/166; WJ/369; WJ/369
• in ✧ NM/240 (in)
• I ✧ PE16/096; WJ/398
• i· ✧ PE17/076; PM/395; PM/403; UT/008
• in· ✧ PM/403

imbë

between

imbë (1) prep "between" (Nam, RGEO:67, VT47:11, PE17:92). This is "between" referring to a gap, space, barrier, or anything intervening between two other things, like or unlike one another (compare enel). The pluralized form imbi implies "among" of several things (ancalima imbi eleni "brightest among stars"); "in the sense 'among' before plurals [imbë] is usually pluralized > imbi even when a plural noun follows". As pointed out by Patrick Wynne, imbi may also be used in the sense of "between" before two singular nouns connected by "and" (as in the example imbi Menel Cemenyë "between heaven and earth"), whereas imbë is used before dual forms, as in the examples imbë siryat "between two rivers", imbë met "between us". Elided imb' in the phrase imb' illi "among all" (VT47:11, 30). A dual form imbit is also mentioned, used to express "in absolute form the sense 'between two things' when these are not named" (apparently meaning that imbit expresses *"between them" referring to two entities, with no noun following) (VT47:30, PE17:92)

imbë

dell, deep vale

imbë (2) noun "dell, deep vale" (VT45:18), "wide ravine (between high mountain sides)" (PE17:92)

imya

same, identical, selfsame

imya adj. "same, identical, selfsame" (VT47:37)

in

the

i (1) "the", indeclinable definite article (I, Nam, RGEO:67, Markirya, WJ:369, WJ:398, MC:215, 216, 221). A variant in (q.v.) is also attested. Hyphenated i- in i-mar "the earth" (FS), i-Ciryamo "the mariner's" (UT:8), i-aldar "the trees" (Narqelion), attached with a dot in i·yulmar "the cups" (VT48:11), I·Eldanyárë "the History of the Elves" (LR:199), i·arya *"the best" (PE17:57), directly prefixed with no hyphen or dot in icilyanna = i cilyanna in SD:247, also ihyarma "the left hand" in VT49:22 (but i hyarma in other versions of the same text).

in

article. the

inyë

i, too

inyë emphatic independent 1st person sg. pronoun, "I" with emphasis, translated "I, too" in LR:61 (and, according to one reading of Tolkiens manuscript, in VT49:49).

mitta

preposition/adverb. between, [ᴹQ.] inwards, into, [ᴱQ.] in; [Q.] between

Derivations

• √MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside” ✧ VT43/30

Element in

• Q. aistana elyë imíca nísi “blessed art thou amongst women” ✧ VT43/30
• Q. Mittalmar “Inlands”
• Q. mittanya- “*to lead (into)”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√mi > mitta-	[mitta]	✧ VT43/30

Variations

• mitta- ✧ VT43/30

mitta-

between

mitta- (2) prep. "between" (VT43:30; the final hyphen may suggest that suffixes would normally follow)

Nando

valley, wide valley

nando (2) "valley, wide valley", variant of nandë #1, q.v. (PE17:80)

enel

between

enel prep. "between" = "at the central position in a row, list, series, etc. but also applied to the case of three persons" (VT47:11). This preposition refers to the position of a thing between others of the same kind; compare imbë.

lún

deep

lún adj.??? a word of obscure meaning, perhaps "deep" as used of water (VT48:28)

nalda

valley

nalda adj. "valley" (used as an adjective), also "lowly" (LT1:261, QL:66)$

nandë

valley

nandë (1) noun "valley" in Laurenandë (UT:253), elided nand in the name Nand Ondoluncava (k") "Stonewain Valley" (PE17:28). Possibly the complete word is here meant to be the variant nando (PE17:80), as suggested by the alternative form Ondoluncanan(do) ("k") "Stonewain Valley". Also nan, nand- noun "valley" (Letters:308); Nan-Tasarion "Vale of Willows" (LotR2:III ch. 4) (Note that this and the next nandë would be spelt differently in Tengwar writing, and originally they were also pronounced differently, since nandë "harp" was ñandë in First Age Quenya.)

nandë

noun. valley

núra

deep

núra adj. "deep" (NŪ)

im

preposition. between

Derivations

• √MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside”

Element in

• S. Taur-im-Duinath “Forest between the Rivers” ✧ S/123

Variations

• im ✧ S/123

im

pronoun. I

In late writings (see esp. VT/47:37-38), Tolkien reinterpreted this form as a reflexive pronoun (= "self").

im

noun. dell, deep vale

This word only survived in compounds (due to the clash with im.1 )

im

noun. valley, valley; [N.] dell, deep vale

An archaic element meaning “valley” that survived only in compounds, a derivation of ✶imbi “between” (VT47/14). The basic sense “valley” was transferred to its more elaborate form imlad as in Imladris “Rivendell”, and †im “valley” fell out of use due to its conflicted with other words like the reflexive pronoun im.

Conceptual Development: N. imm “dell, deep vale” was mentioned in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√IMBE, alongside its elaboration N. imlad of the same meaning (Ety/IMBE).

Derivations

• ✶imbi “between” ✧ VT47/14
  • √MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside” ✧ PE17/092; VT47/11; VT47/30

Element in

• S. imlad “deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides, gap, gully, deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides, gap, gully, [N.] dell, glen” ✧ VT47/14
• S. Imloth Melui “Lovely or Sweet Flower-valley” ✧ VT42/18
• S. imrad “path or pass between mountains or trackless forest, *(lit.) valley path” ✧ VT47/14
• S. imrath “long narrow valley with road or watercourse running through it lengthwise, *(lit.) valley course”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶imbi > imm > im	[imbi] > [imbe] > [imb] > [imm] > [imm] > [im]	✧ VT47/14

Variations

• im ✧ VT42/18; VT47/14

im

1st sg

_ 1st sg. pron. _emphatic separate nominative 'I, I myself'. O.Q. imne. Tolkien notes that "Im unclear if m of sg. 1 or reflexive singular" (PE17:41). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'. >> ech, est, minno

im

pronoun. I, I myself; reflexive, self(same)

Cognates

• Q. imma “same, self-same, same thing” ✧ VT47/37
• Q. immo “same one (person), self” ✧ VT47/37

Derivations

• ✶immā “reflexive” ✧ VT47/14
  • √IM “same, alike, [ᴱ√] same, alike”
• ✶immō “reflexive” ✧ VT47/14
  • √IM “same, alike, [ᴱ√] same, alike”

Element in

• S. im Elrond echanthel ✧ VT47/37
• ᴺS. imeneth “namesake, (lit.) same name”
• S. im Narvi hain echant “I, Narvi, made them” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/041; VT47/37
• S. inn dha v’im “I have a good mind (to do so), (lit.) there is an ‘inn’ in me” ✧ PE22/165
• S. le linnon im Tinúviel “*to thee I sing, I, Tinúviel” ✧ LB/354

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶immā > im	[immā] > [imma] > [imm] > [imm] > [im]	✧ VT47/14
✶immō > im	[immō] > [immo] > [imm] > [imm] > [im]	✧ VT47/14

Variations

• im ✧ LB/354; PE17/041; PE17/046; PE22/165; VT47/14; VT47/14; VT47/37
• Im ✧ LotR/0305

i

definite article. the

i

definite article. who

i

the

pl1. in _ art. _the.

i

article. the

@@@ enclytic Dagor-nuin-Giliath vs. Dagor-nui-Ngiliath

Cognates

• Q. i “the” ✧ PE17/066

Element in

• S. Aerlinn in Edhil o Imladris “*Holy Song of the Elves of Rivendell” ✧ RGEO/62
• S. aglar’ni Pheriannath “glory to the halflings”
• S. anglennatha i Varanduiniant erin dolothen Ethuil “will approach the Bridge of Baranduin on the eighth day of Spring” ✧ SD/129
• S. anno ammen sír i mbas ilaurui vín “give us this day our daily bread” ✧ VT44/24
• S. Annon-in-Gelydh “Gate of the Noldor” ✧ S/238
• S. aran Gondor ar Arnor ar Hîr i Mbair Annui “king of Gondor and Arnor and Lord of the Westlands” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129
• S. ar díheno ammen i úgerth vin “and forgive us our trespasses” ✧ VT44/24
• S. ar in Ellath epholar eno vi Eressai “*and the Elves (?remember) still in Eressëa” ✧ VT50/19
• S. Athrad i-Negyth “Ford of the Dwarves” ✧ WJ/338
• S. Bar-in-Mŷl “Home of the Gulls” ✧ WJ/379
• S. Bar-in-Gwael ✧ WJ/418
• S. Caras i-Ngelaidh “City of the Trees” ✧ PE17/060
• S. caro den i innas lin “thy will be done” ✧ VT44/24
• S. Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant i thiw hin “Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/044
• S. i Cirdh Daeron “*the Runes of Daeron” ✧ NM/164
• S. cuio i Pheriain anann “may the Halflings live long” ✧ Let/448; LotR/0953; PE17/102
• S. Dagor-nuin-Giliath “Battle-under-Stars” ✧ S/106
• S. Dor-i-Ndainn “*Land of the Nandor”
• S. Dor i Thuin
• S. Dúnad in Gyrth “Descent of the Dead” ✧ NM/364
• S. Echad i Sedryn “Camp of the Faithful” ✧ UT/153
• S. edregol e aníra tírad i Cherdir Perhael (i sennui Panthael estathar aen) Condir i Drann “in especial he desires to see Master Samwise (who should be called Fullwise) Mayor of the Shire” ✧ AotM/062; AotM/062; SD/129; SD/129
• S. Ernil i Pheriannath “Prince of the Halflings” ✧ Let/425; LotR/0768; LotR/0807
• S. Gwaith-i-Mírdain “People of the Jewel Smiths”
• S. Haudh in Gwanûr “*Burial Mound of the Twins” ✧ LotR/1054
• S. i arben na megil and “Knight of the Long Sword” ✧ PE17/147
• S. i chîn Húrin “*the children of Húrin” ✧ VT50/18
• S. i glinn hen agorer Edain mi Velerian, ach hí in Ellath îr ed epholar “*this song Men made in Beleriand, but now the Elves alone (?remember) it” ✧ VT50/12; VT50/15; VT50/15; VT50/12; VT50/15
• S. i mbair en Ndengin “the houses of the Slain” ✧ PE17/097
• S. i·Veleglind i eithro en estar i·Chîn Húrin “*the Great Song that is also called the Children of Húrin” ✧ VT50/12; VT50/12
• S. Men-i-Naugrim “Dwarf Road, (lit.) Way of the Dwarves” ✧ NM/372; UT/280
• S. Narn i Chîn Húrin “Tale of the Children of Húrin” ✧ MR/373; S/198; UT/057
• S. naur dan i ngaurhoth “*fire against the wolf-horde” ✧ LotR/0299; PE17/039
• S. Nern in Adanath “Legendarium of the Fathers of Men” ✧ MR/373
• S. Nern in Edenedair “Legendarium of the Fathers of Men” ✧ MR/373
• S. Nîn-in-Eilph “Swanfleet, Waterlands of the Swans” ✧ NM/378
• S. no aer i eneth lín “hallowed be thy name” ✧ VT44/24
• S. ónen i-Estel Edain “I gave Hope to the Dúnedain” ✧ LotR/1061
• S. os i Veleglinn i edain agorer vi Veleriann “*from the Great Song that men made in Beleriand” ✧ VT50/18
• S. Ost-in-Edhil “Fortress of the Eldar” ✧ SA/edhel
• S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/23; VT50/23
• S. Taur-i-Melegyrn “Forest of the Great Trees” ✧ WJI/Taur-i-Melegyrn
• S. Tawar-in-Drúedain “Drúadan Forest” ✧ UT/319
• S. Tol-in-Gaurhoth “Isle of Werewolves” ✧ UT/054
• S. tolo i arnad lín “thy kingdom come” ✧ VT44/24

Variations

• i ✧ AotM/062; AotM/062; AotM/062; Let/425; Let/448; LotR/0299; NM/164; NM/372; PE17/039; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/066; S/198; SD/129; SD/129; SD/129; UT/280; VT44/24; VT50/12; VT50/18; VT50/18; VT50/23; WJ/338
• i- ✧ LotR/1061; LotR/1114
• in ✧ NM/364
• i· ✧ PE17/147
• ir ✧ VT50/23

imlad

noun. deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides (but a flat habitable bottom)

imrad

noun. a path or pass (between mountains, hills or trackless forest)

imloth

noun. flower-valley, flowery vale

This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew

imrath

noun. long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise

tum

noun. deep valley, under or among hills

-nin

1st sg

_1st sg. poss. suff. my.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -en_. >> -en

-n

1st sg

1st sg. pron. suff. #I. Q. -n(ye). See paradigm PE17:132.

an

to the, for the

(for) + i (the).

angol

deep lore

(magic), pl. engyl. Note: a homophone means "stench".

en

of the

e-, genitival article, mostly only used in the singular (in the plural, in or i + nasal mutation is used), though infrequently en is used in the pl. as well. Followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.

falch

deep cleft

(ravine[?]), pl. felch;

lâd

valley

(lowland, plain), construct lad, pl. laid

n

that

added to a preposition, e.g. ben ”according to the”.  This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.

nan

vale

_ n. _vale. >> nand, Nanduhirion

nand

valley

1) nand (construct nan) (wide grassland, land at the foot of hills with many streams), pl. naind, coll. pl. nannath (VT45:36), 2) lâd (lowland, plain), construct lad, pl. laid, 3) (long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise) imrath (pl. imraith).

nand

valley

(construct nan) (wide grassland, land at the foot of hills with many streams), pl. naind, coll. pl. **nannath **(VT45:36)

nand

vale

_ n. _vale. >> nan, Nanduhirion

talath

dal

Dirnen or ”Guarded Plain” mentioned in the Silmarillion.

tofn

deep

tofn (lenited dofn; pl. tyfn) (low, low-lying), also nûr (pl. nuir). Note: homophones of the latter mean ”sad” and ”race”.

tofn

deep

(lenited dofn; pl. tyfn) (low, low-lying), also nûr (pl. nuir). Note: homophones of the latter mean ”sad” and ”race”.

im

between

(prep.) im (within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”I” and a noun mening ”dell, deep vale”. The word mîn (min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)

im

between

(within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”

im

i

but as subject usually simply the ending -n, as in ónen ”

im

dell

im (deep vale), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite). The word typically occurs, not by itself, but in compounds like imlad, imloth, imrath, imrad (VT45:18, VT47:19)

im

dell

(deep vale), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite). The word typically occurs, not by itself, but in compounds like imlad, imloth, imrath, imrad (VT45:18, VT47:19)

im

deep vale

im (dell), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite). The word typically occurs, not by itself, but in compounds like imlad, imloth, imrath, imrad (VT45:18, VT47:19)

im

deep vale

(dell), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite). The word typically occurs, not by itself, but in compounds like imlad, imloth, imrath, imrad (VT45:18, VT47:19)

im

within

(prep.) im (between). Note: homophones include the pronoun ”I” and a noun meaning ”dell, deep vale”.

im

within

(between). Note: homophones include the pronoun ”

im

vale

(deep vale) im (dell), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite). The word typically occurs, not by itself, but in compounds like imlad, imloth, imrath, imrad (VT45:18, VT47:19)

im

vale

(dell), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite). The word typically occurs, not by itself, but in compounds like imlad, imloth, imrath, imrad *(VT45:18, VT47:19)***

i

the

: Singular i (+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see THAT). Apparently ”the” sometimes appears as a suffix -n added to a preposition, e.g. be**<u>n</u>** ”according to <u>the</u>”. This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions.

i

the

(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. – The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see

mîn

i

(min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)

ni

pronoun. I

Cognates

• Q. ni “me, I”

Derivations

• ✶ni “I, me”

nin

i

”me”, genitive nín ”my”, dative anim or enni ”to me, for me”.

imlad

deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides

(glen), pl. imlaid;

imloth

flowering valley

(pl. imlyth) (VT42:18).

imrath

valley

(long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise) imrath (pl. imraith)

mi

between

mi (with article: min)

mi

between

(with article: min)

aif

adjective. same

uin

from the, of the

.

maeg

going deep in

(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (sharp, penetrating). (WJ:337);

tûm

deep valley

tum- (i** dûm, o thûm, construct tum), pl. t**uim (i** thuim**)

talath

wide valley

(i** dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, plain), pl. telaith (i** thelaith). *Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath, LR:353 s.v.*

nand

noun. valley

Isolated from Lindórinand, Lórinand (q.v. for reference). While this word is not given in the Etymologies, it is clearly derived from the stem NAD (LR:374) and hence a close cognate of the similar Doriathrin word nand "field, valley". The Quenya cognate nanda (meaning "water-mead, watered plain") indicates a primitive form *nandâ; as in most cases, the final -â is lost in Nandorin.

enel

preposition. between, in the middle

This form was supposedly recorded by the Loremasters (VT47:39). It is derived from a variant of the root ÉNED- "centre" (LR:356), since "d and l interchanged frequently in Common Eldarin" (VT47:39).

duban

noun. valley

imbi

preposition. between

Derivations

• √MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside” ✧ PE17/092; VT47/11; VT47/30

Derivatives

• Q. imbë “between, among, between, among; [ᴹQ.] in(wards)” ✧ PE17/092; VT47/11; VT47/30
• S. im “valley, valley; [N.] dell, deep vale” ✧ VT47/14
• T. imbe “gap, gully; low/narrow tract between high walls” ✧ VT47/14

Element in

• Q. imbilat “*deep valley” ✧ NM/355
• S. imlad “deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides, gap, gully, deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides, gap, gully, [N.] dell, glen” ✧ NM/355

Variations

• imbĭ ✧ PE17/092; VT47/30

mīni

preposition. between

Derivations

• √MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside” ✧ VT47/11

Derivatives

• S. mîn “[thing] between; gap, space, barrier; anything intervening between two other things” ✧ VT47/11

tumbu

noun. deep vale

Changes

• tumbā → tumbu ✧ NM/351

Derivations

• ᴹ√TUB “to fall low[?], go down (below normal ground level), (esp.) to go down (sink, dive) into water”

Derivatives

• Q. tumbo “deep vale, valley, deep vale, valley, [ᴱQ.] dale” ✧ NM/351
• S. tum “valley, vale, (deep) valley, vale; [ᴱN.] flat vale” ✧ NM/351

Variations

• tumbā ✧ NM/355 (tumbā)
• tumbŭ ✧ NM/355

im Reconstructed

root. same, alike, [ᴱ√] same, alike

A root whose existence is implied in Tolkien’s writings from the 1950s and 60s by various reflexive pronouns such as Q. imni “myself” and S. im “self(same)” (VT47/37). Though the root itself did not appear in Tolkien’s later writings, it seems to have been a long standing idea of his, appearing as ᴱ√IMI “same, alike” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives such as ᴱQ. iminqa “exactly alike, identical” and ᴱQ. inye- “imitate, make like” (QL/42). It seems to have had Gnomish derivatives from this period as well, such as G. inco “the same, the identical”, though Tolkien put this form under the root for the definite article: ᴱ√I (GL/50). In any case, √IM as the basis for “sameness” and reflexives seems to have been a well established idea in Tolkien’s languages.

Derivatives

• ✶im-dō “self, innermost being, centre of reason”
  • ✶indō “interior reflection or mind, the mind in its purposing faculty, the will; mood, heart” ✧ NM/176
  • Q. indo “(state of) mind, (inner) thought, mood; will, resolve, (state of) mind, (inner) thought, mood; will, resolve; [ᴹQ.] heart” ✧ PE22/165
    • Q. indu- “to will, do on purpose” ✧ PE22/165
  • S. ind “some particular purpose or intention of an individual; heart, some particular purpose or intention of an individual; heart [metaphorical], [N.] inner thought, meaning” ✧ PE22/165
  • T. indo “a particular will or intention of a person” ✧ PE22/165
• ✶immā “reflexive”
  • Q. imma “same, self-same, same thing”
  • S. im “I, I myself; reflexive, self(same)” ✧ VT47/14
• ✶immō “reflexive”
  • Q. immo “same one (person), self”
  • S. im “I, I myself; reflexive, self(same)” ✧ VT47/14
• ✶imte “themselves”
  • Q. intë “themselves” ✧ VT47/37
• Q. im- “same”
• ᴺS. ain “same, identical”

Element in

• ᴺQ. imbalandë “equality”

im

pronoun. I

Element in

• N. im Narvi hain echant “I Narvi made them” ✧ TI/182

im

noun. dell, deep vale

This word only survived in compounds (due to the clash with im.1 )

imb

noun. dell, deep vale

This word only survived in compounds (due to the clash with im.1 )

imm

noun. dell, deep vale

This word only survived in compounds (due to the clash with im.1 )

i

definite article. the

i

definite article. who

i

article. the

Cognates

• ᴹQ. i “the” ✧ Ety/I¹

Derivations

• ᴹ√I “that (deictic particle); [ᴱ√] here it is, root of relatives” ✧ Ety/I¹

Element in

• N. Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant i thíw thin “Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs” ✧ TI/182
• N. Cerch iMbelain “Sickle of the Gods” ✧ Ety/KIRIK
• N. cuio i Pheriain anann “long live the halflings” ✧ SD/046
• N. Dagor nuin Giliath “Battle-under-Stars”
• N. Dor Firn i Guinar “Land of the Dead that Live”
• N. Gwerth-i-Cuina “(Land of) the Dead that Live”
• N. Gyrth-i-Guinar “Dead that Live”
• N. gurth i Morthu “*death (of) ?Sauron” ✧ RS/186
• N. har na ond i mid “stand by the grey stone” ✧ AotH/056
• N. Hobas in Elf “*Harbourage of the Swans” ✧ Ety/KHOP
• N. iChúrinien “The Children of Húrin”
• N. i vegli vorn “the black bear” ✧ PE22/033
• N. lheben teil brann i annon ar neledh neledhi gar godrebh “five foot high the door and three may walk abreast” ✧ TAI/150
• N. Mîr in Geleidh “*Jewel of the Gnomes”
• N. naur ad i gaurhoth “*fire against the wolf-horde” ✧ TI/187
• N. Pennas inGeleidh “History of the Gnomes” ✧ LR/201

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√I > i-	[i]	✧ Ety/I¹

Variations

• i- ✧ Ety/I¹

imlad

noun. deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides (but a flat habitable bottom)

tum

noun. deep valley, under or among hills

nûr

adjective. deep

nûr

adjective. deep

Cognates

• ᴹQ. núra “deep” ✧ Ety/NU

Derivations

• ᴹ✶nūrā “deep” ✧ Ety/NU
  • ᴹ√NUR “deep” ✧ Ety/NU
  • ᴹ√NU/UNU “*down, under” ✧ Ety/NU

Element in

• N. Núron “Ulmo” ✧ Ety/NU

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶nūrā > nûr	[nūrā] > [nūra] > [nūr]	✧ Ety/NU

Variations

• nûr ✧ Ety/NU