málos

forest

málos noun "forest" (LT2:342 rather taurë in Tolkien's later Quenya)

tauno

forest

tauno noun "forest" (LT1:267; in Tolkien's later Quenya taurë)

taure

noun. forest

taurë

(great) wood, forest

taurë noun "(great) wood, forest" (SA:taur, Letters:308, TÁWAR. VT39:7), pl. tauri in Markirya

taurë

noun. forest, (great) wood

The common Quenya word for “forest”, derived from the root √TAW “wood” (PE17/115; VT39/7).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon Tolkien had ᴱQ. tauno “great forest” derived from the root ᴱ√TAVA “beam” (QL/90). It seems to have had the form taur- in the early name ᴱQ. Rúsitaurion “Son of the Weary Forest” (LT2/89), and the form was ᴱQ. taure in the Oilima Markirya and its various drafts (MC/213, 220; PE16/62 ff.). In Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s it briefly had the form taurie (PE16/138). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it had the form ᴹQ. taure “great wood, forest” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√TAWAR of similar meaning (Ety/TÁWAR). It was mentioned regularly in Tolkien’s later writings, generally with the gloss “forest”.

Cognates

• S. taur “forest, wood, forest, wood, [N.] great wood, [G.] dense wood” ✧ PE17/082; PE17/115; SA/taur

Derivations

• ✶taurē “forest” ✧ PE17/115
  • √TAW “wood” ✧ PE17/115
• √TAW “wood” ✧ VT39/07

Element in

• ᴺQ. rostaurë “rainforest”
• Q. taurëa “forested”
• Q. Taurelilómëa “Forestmanyshadowed” ✧ Let/308; LotR/1131
• Q. Tauremorna “Black Forest” ✧ PE17/082
• Q. Tauremornalómë “*Forest (of) Black Night”
• Q. Tumbaletaurëa “Deepvalleyforested” ✧ Let/308
• Q. ve tauri lillassië “like leaves of forests” ✧ MC/222

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶tau-rē > taure	[taurē] > [taure]	✧ PE17/115
√TAWA > taure	[taure]	✧ VT39/07

Variations

• taure ✧ Let/308; PE17/080; PE17/082; PE17/115; VT39/07

tavar

wood

tavar (1) noun "wood" (TÁWAR)

toina

adjective. wood, wood, *wooden, made of wood

A word glossed “wood” appearing in a list of “large & small” roots from around 1968 derived from primitive ✶tawĭnā (PE17/115) and hence probably an adjective “✱wooden, (made) of wood” as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (QQ/toina).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien instead had ᴹQ. taurina “of wood”, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. tavar “wood (material)” (Ety/TÁWAR). The word ᴹQ. toina appeared in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1940s, but was unglossed, so whether it meant “✱wooden” is unclear.

Cognates

• S. tawen “wood (of material), ?wooden (of make), wood (of material), wooden (of make)” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

• ✶tawinā “wood” ✧ PE17/115
  • √TAW “wood” ✧ PE17/115

Elements

Word	Gloss
-ina	“adjective suffix; passive participle”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶tawĭnā > toina	[tawinā] > [toinā] > [toina]	✧ PE17/115

turu

wood

turu (3) noun "wood" (properly firewood, but used of wood in general) (LT1:270)

eryn

forest

_n. _forest, wood of trees.

taur

noun. forest

_ n. _forest. Q. taure. >> taw

tawar

noun. forest, forest; [N.] wood (material)

A word for “forest” in a few Sindarin names, notably Tawar-in-Drúedain “Drúadan Forest” (UT/319) and Tawarwaith “Forest People” (UT/256).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s N. tawar meant “wood (material)” but was often used with the same sense as N. taur “forest”; it was derived from the root ᴹ√TÁWAR (Ety/TÁWAR). In Sindarin, awa often became au (and then > o), and cases where it was preserved seem to have to do with patterns of stress; see the entry on that phonetic rule for further details.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, it is probably better to stick with the better known S. taur for “forest”.

Element in

• S. Tawar-in-Drúedain “Drúadan Forest” ✧ UT/319
• S. Tawarwaith “Forest People”

Variations

• Tawar ✧ UT/319

taur

noun. forest, wood, forest, wood, [N.] great wood, [G.] dense wood

The most common Sindarin word for “forest”, derived from √TAW “wood” (PE17/115) or its extended form ᴹ√TAWAR (Ety/TÁWAR). In one place Tolkien said it was “only used of huge forests” due to the influence of N. taur “mighty” (Ety/TÁWAR), but in practice this was not the case.

Conceptual Development: The word G. taur appeared all the way back in Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with the gloss “a dense wood or forest” (GL/69), almost certainly a derivative of the early root ᴱ√TAVA “beam” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Tavari). ᴱN. taur “forest” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/153), and N. taur “great wood, forest” appeared in The Etymologies as a derivative of the root ᴹ√TAWAR which is also where Tolkien said it was “only used of huge forests” as noted above (Ety/TÁWAR). This word appeared frequently in Sindarin names in Tolkien’s later writings.

Cognates

• Q. taurë “forest, (great) wood” ✧ PE17/082; PE17/115; SA/taur

Derivations

• ✶taurē “forest” ✧ PE17/115
  • √TAW “wood” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

• S. Rhudaur “?East Forest”
• ᴺS. rostaur “rainforest”
• S. Taur e-Ndaedelos “Forest of the Great Fear” ✧ LotR/1134
• S. Taur-en-Faroth “*Forest of the Hunting”
• S. Taur-im-Duinath “Forest between the Rivers” ✧ S/123; SA/taur
• S. Taur-i-Melegyrn “Forest of the Great Trees” ✧ WJI/Taur-i-Melegyrn
• S. Taur-na-Chardhîn “Forest of Southern Silence” ✧ WJI/Taur-na-Chardhîn
• S. Taur-na-Foen “Forest of the Foen” ✧ PE21/79; WJ/187
• S. Taur-na-Neldor “Beech-forest” ✧ LotR/0469; RC/384
• S. Taur-nu-Fuin “Forest under Night(shade)” ✧ SA/taur
• S. Tauron “Lord of Forests, (lit.) Forester” ✧ SA/taur
• S. tauron “forester”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶tau-rē > taur	[taurē] > [taure] > [taur]	✧ PE17/115

Variations

• Taur ✧ LotR/0469; LotR/1134; PE21/79 (Bel. Taur); RC/384; S/123; WJ/187; WJI/Taur-i-Melegyrn; WJI/Taur-na-Chardhîn

taur

noun. great wood, forest

tawar

noun. great wood, forest

tawar

noun. wood (as a material)

eryn

noun. wood

glad

noun. wood

glad

noun. wood

A word for a “wood” in the name Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” (UT/153) and possibly also Gladuial “✱Twilight Wood” (WJ/183, 188 note #48). It resembles galadh “tree” and is probably related to it, but it cannot be derived directly from the same root ᴹ√GALAD as that would produce ✱✱gladh. It was either derived from a variant root ✱√GALAT, or was a loan word from Nandorin where the word for “tree” was Nan. galad (MR/182; PE17/50, 60).

Element in

• S. Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” ✧ UT/153
• S. Gladuial “*Twilight Wood”

Variations

• Glad ✧ UT/153

glâd

forest

(i ’lâd, construct glad) (wood), pl. glaid (in glaid)

taur

forest

1) taur (i daur, o thaur) (great wood), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also (as adj.) ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc. 2) tawar (i dawar, o thawar) (wood [as material]), pl. tewair (i thewair). (

taur

forest

(i daur, o thaur) (great wood), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also (as adj.) ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc.

tawar

forest

(i dawar, o thawar) (wood [as material]), pl. tewair (i thewair). (SMALL)

taur

great wood

taur (i daur, o thaur) (forest), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc.

eryn

wood

1) (forest) eryn. No distinct pl. form. 2) glâd (i **lâd, construct glad) (small forest), pl. glaid (in glaid**) See FOREST. 2)

eryn

wood

. No distinct pl. form.

glâd

wood

(i ’lâd, construct glad) (small forest), pl. glaid (in glaid) See FOREST. 2)

tawar

wood

(as material) tawar (i dawar, o thawar) (forest), pl. tewair (i thewair).

tawar

wood

(i dawar, o thawar) (forest), pl. tewair (i thewair).

taurē

noun. forest

Derivations

• √TAW “wood” ✧ PE17/115

Derivatives

• Q. taurë “forest, (great) wood” ✧ PE17/115
• S. taur “forest, wood, forest, wood, [N.] great wood, [G.] dense wood” ✧ PE17/115

Variations

• tau-rē ✧ PE17/115
• taurĭ ✧ PE21/80

taw

root. wood

Tolkien used a similar set of words for “forest” starting with the earliest versions of Elvish, but their derivation evolved somewhat over time. The earliest related root was ᴱ√TAVA “beam” with variant ᴱ√TAFA (the latter marked by Tolkien with a “?” and with no obvious derivatives) from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as the basis for words like ᴱQ. taule “great tree”, ᴱQ. tauno “forest” and ᴱQ. tavar “dale-sprite” (QL/90). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. tavros/G. taur “forest” and G. tavor “wood fay” (GL/69).

ᴱQ. taure “forest” did not appear as an independent word until drafts of the Oilima Markirya from around 1930 (PE16/62; MC/213). Thereafter Tolkien mostly stuck with Q. taurë and N./S. taur for “forest”. In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave the root ᴹ√TAWAR “wood, forest” (Ety/TÁWAR), though in one place it was ᴹ√TAR (EtyAC/TUR). In notes associated with the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 Tolkien gave √TAWA “wood”, and in notes on “large & small” roots from 1968 Tolkien had √TAW “wood” (PE17/115).

Derivatives

• ✶taurē “forest” ✧ PE17/115
  • Q. taurë “forest, (great) wood” ✧ PE17/115
  • S. taur “forest, wood, forest, wood, [N.] great wood, [G.] dense wood” ✧ PE17/115
• ✶tawinā “wood” ✧ PE17/115
  • Q. toina “wood, wood, *wooden, made of wood” ✧ PE17/115
  • S. tawen “wood (of material), ?wooden (of make), wood (of material), wooden (of make)” ✧ PE17/115
• Q. tauca “stiff, wooden” ✧ PE17/115
• Q. taurë “forest, (great) wood” ✧ VT39/07
• ᴺQ. tauron “forester”
• Q. táva “great tree” ✧ PE17/115
• ᴺQ. tavas “woodland”
• Q. töa “wood (as material)” ✧ PE17/115
• S. taug “firm, strong, (?withstand)” ✧ PE17/115
• S. taw “wood as material” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

• ᴺQ. taucolca “(wooden) chest”
• Q. tautamo “carpenter (carver)”

Variations

• TAWA ✧ VT39/07

tawinā

adjective. wood

Derivations

• √TAW “wood” ✧ PE17/115

Derivatives

• Q. toina “wood, wood, *wooden, made of wood” ✧ PE17/115
• S. tawen “wood (of material), ?wooden (of make), wood (of material), wooden (of make)” ✧ PE17/115

Variations

• tawĭnā ✧ PE17/115

taur

noun. great wood, forest

taur

noun. forest, great wood

Cognates

• ᴹQ. taure “great wood, forest” ✧ Ety/TÁWAR

Derivations

• ᴹ✶taurē “great wood, forest” ✧ Ety/TÁWAR
  • ᴹ√TAWAR “wood, forest” ✧ Ety/TÁWAR

Element in

• N. Taur-na-Danion “Forest of Pines”
• N. Taur-na-Faroth “*Forest of Hunting” ✧ Ety/SPAR
• N. Taur-na-Delduath “*Forest of Deadly Nightshade”
• N. Taur-nan-Erig “Forest of Region” ✧ Ety/ERÉK
• N. Taur-na-Fuin “Forest of Night” ✧ Ety/PHUY
• N. Tauros “Lord of Forests; (lit.) Forest-Dread” ✧ Ety/TÁWAR
• N. Taur-rimmon “Forest of Rimmon”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶tau̯rē > taur	[taurē] > [taure] > [tǭre] > [toure] > [taure] > [taur]	✧ Ety/TÁWAR

Variations

• Taur ✧ Ety/ERÉK; Ety/PHUY; Ety/SPAR
• taur ✧ Ety/TÁWAR; Ety/TÁWAR

tawar

noun. great wood, forest

tawar

noun. wood (material), *forest

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tavar “wood (material)” ✧ Ety/TÁWAR

Derivations

• ᴹ✶tawar “wood (material)” ✧ Ety/TÁWAR
  • ᴹ√TAWAR “wood, forest” ✧ Ety/TÁWAR

Element in

• N. tawaren “wooden” ✧ Ety/TÁWAR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶tawar > tawar	[táwar]	✧ Ety/TÁWAR

tawar

noun. wood (as a material)