-ian

a suffix in names of regions

_ suff. a suffix in names of regions. Reduced from -iand(a). Tolkien proposed but finally rejected a borrowing to the Q. gen. pl1. -ion_. >> -iand, -ianda

-ien

a suffix in names of regions

_ suff. a suffix in names of regions. Reduced from -iend(e). Tolkien proposed but finally rejected a borrowing to the Q. gen. pl1. -ion_. >> -iend, -iende

-ien

suffix. used in patronimics

_ fem. suff. _used in patronimics. >> -en, -ion, -on

-ion

suffix. used in patronimics

_ masc. suff. _used in patronimics. >> -en, -ien, -on

-iand

a suffix in names of regions

_ suff. a suffix in names of regions. Reduced in -ian.Tolkien proposed but finally rejected a borrowing to the Q. gen. pl1. -ion_. >> -ian, -ianda

-iend

a suffix in names of regions

_ suff. a suffix in names of regions. Reduced in -ien. Tolkien proposed but finally rejected a borrowing to the Q. gen. pl1. -ion_. >> -ien, -iende

Annon-in-Gelydh

noun. gate of the Noldor

annon (“great door or gate”) + in (pl. genitive article) + (n-)Gelyth (pl. of (n-)Golodh “Noldor”)

Ost-in-Edhi

noun. city, fortress of elves

ost (“fortress, city with wall around”) + in (pl. gen. article) + edhil (pl. of edhel “elf”)

Tol-in-Gaurhoth

noun. isle of werewolves

toll (“island”) + in (pl. gen. article) + gaur (“werewolf”) + hoth (class plural suffix) #[HKF] with collective plurals ending in -hoth, the article can be optionally singular, cf. Naur dan i ngaurhoth.

mi

preposition. in

The Sindarin word for “in” (PE23/133; VT50/5), equivalent to Q. mi of the same meaning. This preposition frequently appears in its mutated form vi (PE22/165; VT44/21; VT50/5), since Sindarin prepositions are typically mutated when appearing anywhere other than the beginning of a phrase.

vi

preposition. in

vi

preposition. in

(lenited

second-in-command

conui (lenited gonui, no distinct pl. form). SECOND-IN-COMMAND taid (i daid, o thaid), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaid**). The word is also used as adj. ”supporting”.

taid

second-in-command

taid (i daid, o thaid), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaid). The word is also used as adj. ”supporting”.

dî

in

unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

ne

in

ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129)

ne

in, inside

(prefix) (mid-)

vi

in

(prep.) 1) vi (VT44:23), with article vin; 2) ne, ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129); 3) dî, unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

vi

in

(VT44:23), with article vin

nestag

stick in

nestag- (i nestag, in nestegir) (insert), pa.t. nestanc

Haudh in Gwanur

noun. mound of the brothers

haudh (“mound, grave, tomb”), in (pl. genitive article), gwanur (pl. “brothers, kinsmen”)

-and

used in place names

pl1. -end _ suff. _used in place names. >> -iand

-ben

suffix. obsolete except in few names

suff. obsolete except in few names. >> pen-

-en

suffix. used in patronimics

_ fem. suff. _used in patronimics. >> -ien, -ion, -on

-ianda

a suffix in names of regions

_ suff. a suffix in names of regions. Reduced in -ian.Tolkien proposed but finally rejected a borrowing to the Q. gen. pl1. -ion_. >> -ian, -iand

-iende

a suffix in names of regions

_ suff. a suffix in names of regions. Reduced in -ien. Tolkien proposed but finally rejected a borrowing to the Q. gen. pl1. -ion_. >> -ien, -iend

-on

a suffix which appeared in various later-formed names of regions

_ suff. _a suffix which appeared in various later-formed names of regions. >> -ion, Nanduhirion

-on

suffix. used in patronymics

_ masc. suff. _used in patronymics. >> -en, -ion, -ien

-waith

suffix. often used of regions in proper names or peoples

_suff. _often used of regions in proper names or peoples. >> gwaith, -weith

-weg

suffix. active in doing

_ adj. suff. _active in doing. >> carweg, madweg, pedweg

-weg

suffix. active in doing

-weith

suffix. often used of regions in proper names or peoples

_suff. _often used of regions in proper names or peoples. >> -waith

Dorlomin

a name in a dialect of the North

topon. a name in a dialect of the North, S. Dorloven.

Góndolind

a name in a dialect of the North

topon. a name in a dialect of the North, S. Gonnólen. Maybe acute accent in the two names was only used in order to mark pronunciation.

Hithlum

a name in a dialect of the North

topon. a name in a dialect of the North, S. Hilthlû.

Losshoth

noun. people living in far North

_ pl2. n. _people living in far North. >> los, loss

Lossoth

the unfriendly Northern folk who lived in the snow

_ pl2. n. _the unfriendly Northern folk who lived in the snow. >> hoth

Mîthrim

noun. translated Sindar in Quenya

_pl2. n. _translated _Sindar _in Quenya.

Sauron

noun. used in Third Age Sindarin

_prop. n. _used in Third Age Sindarin. It could be a genuine S. formation from saur, but was prob. from Quenya. Tolkien seems to have rejected the root SAWA, noting: "No. THAW-, cruel. saura, cruel. Gorthaur-." >> saur

af-

prefix. negative suffix used with verbs in imperative

pref. negative suffix used with verbs in imperative. Also av- and adverbial form avo. >> av-, avo

av-

prefix. negative suffix used with verbs in imperative

pref. negative suffix used with verbs in imperative. Also af- and adverbial form avo. >> af-, avgaro, avo

avo

adverb. negative adverb used with verbs in imperative

adv. negative adverb used with verbs in imperative, often as prefix (av-, af-).

be

preposition. in; ?as, like, as, like; in

A preposition in the King’s Letter appearing as ben “in the”. Carl Hostetter’s suggested it is connected to the root √MI/IMI “in” via the strengthened form MBI that appears in Q. imbë “between” (VT31/19-20). David Salo instead proposed that it may be a cognate of Q. ve “as, like” derived from primitive ✶bē, suffixed with a form of the definite article -n and having the sense “as in the [Shire-reckoning]” (SG/226). This second option seems more likely to me; the primitive form ✶bē was not published when Carl Hostetter made his analysis.

Conceptual Development: There are some words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s that have similar forms and the meaning “in”; see G. ba “in” for discussion (GL/21). The Gnomish Lexicon also had G. fel “like (as av.); as, like”, apparently meaning it was both an adverb and a preposition (GL/34). It might have been related to the early root ᴱ√VĪ “as” that was the basis for ᴱQ. ve “as, like” (QL/101), though why the Gnomish form has a voiceless spirant f rather than voiced v is unclear.

The Nebrachar poem from around 1930 has ᴱN. a “like” in the phrase dir avosaith a gwaew hinar “like a wind, dark through gloomy places” (MC/217).

celebrin

adjective. not implying 'made of silver' but 'like silver' in hue

_ adj. _not implying 'made of silver' but 'like silver' in hue, or worth. Q. #telperin, #telpin. >> Celebrimbor

celebrin

adjective. like silver (in hue or worth), like silver (in hue or worth), [G.] of silver

An adjectival form of celeb “silver”. In notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien described it as: “celebrin, adj. from celeb ‘silver’, not implying ‘made of silver’ but ‘like silver’ in hue, or worth” (PE17/42).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, G. celebrin meant “of silver” while G. celebriol meant “like silver” (GL/25). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s the form became ᴱN. celebren “of silver” (PE13/140). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien first equated N. celebren with ᴹQ. telpina “of silver” (Ety/KYELEP) but he revised the entry and updated its gloss to “like silver” (EtyAC/KYELEP). This new gloss did not appear in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (LR/367), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne provided it in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT45/25). This new gloss is consistent with the meaning of celebrin in Tolkien’s later writings (see above).

dagorlind

masculine name. Singer in Battle

A sobriquet of Magor translated “Singer in Battle” (WJ/235), a combination of dagor “battle” and lind “singer”.

edregol

adverb. in especial, in especial, *especially

An adverb for “in especial” or “✱especially” from the King’s Letter. Its initial element might be ed “out”, but the etymology of this word is otherwise unclear.

galadh

In Sindarin

{ð}_ n. _In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn

haudh

mound in sward

{ð} n. mound in sward.

hoth

host (nearly always used in evil or at least unfriendly sense in S

_ n. _host (nearly always used in evil or at least unfriendly sense in S.). host << host, mob. Q. ñauro. >> glamhoth, Lossoth, ngaur

lebethron

noun. name of a hard-wood tree growing in Gondor

n. Bot. name of a hard-wood tree growing in Gondor (Ithilien). Q lepetta. Also used as word for the wood which took a high polish, lebethorn being altered to lebethron and associated with RUN 'rub, grind, smooth, polish'. >> ron. This gloss was rejected.

min-

preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)

minna-

verb. go in

_ v. _go in, enter. >> minno

morben

noun. one of the Avari or Easterlings in Beleriand

mîn

preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)

ned

preposition. (uncertain meaning) in, of (about time, e.g. giving a date)

[Another possible interpretation: "another, one more" (related to Q. net(e)), VT/47:40]

othgar(ed)

noun. a mistake in speech

_ n. _a mistake in speech. >> othgarn

palan

adjective. probably a Quenya word introduced in Sindarin

_adj._probably a Quenya word introduced in Sindarin. Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. 'To-distance (remote) after-gazing'. >> hae, haered, na-chaered

paur

noun. fist (often used to mean "hand", its chief use was in reference of the tighly closed hand, as in using an implement or a craft-tool, rather than to the fist used in punching)

pen-

obsolete except in few names

pref. obsolete except in few names. >> -ben

penna-

verb. come donw in a slant

v. come donw in a slant, fall. Q. weak v. penda- slope, incline.

reth

often in names

often in names. >> andreth, Arodreth

saur

adjective. used in sense 'bad' of food etc

_adj. _used in sense 'bad' of food etc., putrid. Tolkien seems to have rejected the root SAWA, noting: "No. THAW-, cruel. saura, cruel. Gorthaur-."

si

in this place

{īá}_adv. _in this place (of speaker), here. >> sí****

taid

adjective. second (in the sense of supporting, second in command)

thelion

noun. one who remains firm in his purpose

thoniel Archaic

adjective. kindler (in the past)

An element in the name Gilthoniel “Star-kindler” which Tolkien explained as “an archaic perfect participle/adjective of √THAN, kindle” in a 1955 letter to David Masson (PE17/82).

Neo-Sindarin: This perfect participle implies the existence of a verb ✱than- “to kindle”, but since Tolkien said the participle was archaic, the verb may be as well, and it is probably better to use attested [N.] nartha- for “kindle” in Neo-Sindarin.

v’im

in me

(

catch in a net

ad (i **âd, i ngedir = i ñedir), pa.t. gant; CATCH IN A NET raeda- (i raeda, idh raedar) (VT42:12)

Haudh in Gwanur

Haudh in Gwanûr

It has been suggested that Haudh in Gwanûr means "mound of the brothers" in Sindarin, consisting of haudh ("mound, grave, tomb") + in (pl. genitive article) + gwanûr. In editions of The Lord of the Rings prior to the 2004 edition, the circumflex (^) was omitted.

adel

in the rear of

(prep.) adel, probably followed by soft mutation

adel

in the rear of

(prep.) adel, probably followed by soft mutation

adel

in the rear of

probably followed by soft mutation

brûn

long endured/established/in use

brûn (old), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin;

cael

lying in bed

(noun) cael (sickness) (i gael, o chael). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael).

cael

lying in bed

(noun) cael (sickness) (i gael, o chael). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael).

cael

lying in bed

(sickness) (i gael, o chael). Same form in the pl. except with article (i chael).

fanwos Speculative

noun. mind-picture (of apparition in dream)

A Sindarin(?) word that seems to be the equivalent of Q. indemma “mind-picture”, based on the root √PHAN “veil” (PE17/174). This was a telepathic vision induced in another’s mind; see Q. indemma for further discussion.

golwen

learned in deep arts

golwen (wise), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic pl. *gölwin)

golwen

learned in deep arts

golwen (wise), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic pl. gölwin);

golwen

learned in deep arts

golwen (wise), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic pl. *gölwin)

hûl

cry of encouragement in battle

hûl (i chûl, o chûl, construct hul), pl. huil (i chuil)

lant

clearing in forest

lant (pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). Note: a homophone means ”fall”.

lathra

listen in

lathra- (eavesdrop) (i lathra, i lathrar), also lathrada (i lathrada, i lathradar)

maeg

going deep in

maeg (lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (sharp, penetrating). (WJ:337);

maeg

going deep in

maeg (lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (sharp, penetrating). (WJ:337)

naeth

grief, gnashing of teeth in

naeth (biting, woe); no distinct pl. form.

ne

in, inside

ne- (prefix) (mid-)

neledh

go in

neledh- (i neledh, i neledhir) (enter)

neledh

go in

(i neledh, i neledhir) (enter)

othronn

fortress in a cave/caves

*othronn (pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (underground stronghold). Cited in archaic form othrond in the source (WJ:414).

othronn

fortress in a cave/caves

*othronn (pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (underground stronghold or city). Cited in archaic form othrond in the source (WJ:414).

pân

fixed board in a floor

pân (i bân, o phân, construct pan) (plank), pl. pain (i phain). Not to be confused with the adj. *pân ”all”.

raeda

catch in a net

raeda- (i raeda, idh raedar) (VT42:12).

rim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)