-or

ending referring to persons or animals used after n

pl1. -yr suff. masc. ending referring to persons or animals used after n. >> -on

or

over

(adjectival prefix) or- (above, high)

or

over

(above, high)

or

on

(prep.) 1) or (above), with article erin ”on the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin. 2)

or

on

(above), with article erin ”on the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin.

or

high

(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

or

high

(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

or

above

(adj. pref.) or- (over, high)

or

above

(prep.) or (om), with article erin ”above the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin.

or

above

(over, high)

egor

conjunction. or

egor

conjunction. or

orch

Orc

pl1. yrch, pl2. orchoth** ** n. Orc. Nand. ūriſ.

egor

or

egor

egor

or

**

an

for

(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).

an

for

(adverbial prefix) an-

an

for

(+ nasal mutation), with article ’ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).

orch

orc

orch (pl. yrch**, archaic †yrchy, coll. pl. orchoth). (RGEO:66, Names:171, Letters:178, MR:195; WJ:390-91, VT46:7). Other terms: 1) urug (monster, bogey), pl. yryg, 2) glamog (i **lamog), pl. glemyg (in glemyg) (WJ:391), 3) ”

hanar

noun. brother

A word for “brother” coined by Tolkien in notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, based on the root √KHAN of the same meaning and replacing the archaic form of the word †hawn (VT47/14). Remnants of this archaic form can be seem in the diminutive/affectionate form honeg “[little] brother” (VT48/6); Tolkien considered and apparently rejected alternates of the diminutive: honig and hanig (VT47/14; VT48/17).

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. tôr “brother” from the root ᴹ√TOR (Ety/TOR), and the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. hethos “brother” from the early root ᴱ√HESE [HEÞE] (GL/48-49; QL/40). See those entries for discussion.

ann

noun. gift

The most commonly accepted Sindarin word for “gift” is S. ann, equivalent to Quenya Q. anna “gift”, both derived from ✶annā based on the root √ANA “towards” (PE17/90). It was also an element in the names Melian “Dear Gift” (SA/mel) and Rían “Crown Gift” (Ety/RIG). However, Tolkien experimented with a variety of other forms throughout his life.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. ôn “gift” related to the verb G. antha- “give” (GL/19, 62), both based on the early root ᴱ√ANA “give, send towards” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/31). The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. {ann >>} ant “gift” under the root ᴹ√ANA “to, towards” (Ety/ANA¹; EtyAC/ANA¹). S. ann “gift” < ✶annā appeared in notes from around 1967 (PE17/90). In Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 Tolkien had S. anw as the equivalent of Q. anwa “gift” (PE22/163), perhaps derived from ✱(h)an-mā.

bardh

noun. home

A word for “home” appearing in draft notes from the 1960s discussing the root √MBAR, where it was contrasted with bâr “house, dwelling”:

> In Sindarin bar [< ✱mbăr-] (pl. bair) was used for a single house or dwelling, especially of the larger and more permanent sort; barð [< ✱mbardā̆] was much as English “home”, the (proper) place for one (or a community) to dwell in (PE17/164).

It was also contrasted with milbar “dear home” which was used for the “emotional senses ‘home’ as the place of one’s birth, or desire, or one’s home returned to after journey or exile” (PE17/164). In later versions of these notes on √MBAR, Tolkien mentioned bâr and milbar but not bardh (PE17/109).

Neo-Sindarin: Given its absence from the final version of the √MBAR notes, it is possible Tolkien abandoned bardh “home”. However, I prefer to retain it for purposes of Neo-Sindarin for the ordinary sense of “home”, and reserve milbar for one’s “emotional home” or “✱true home” from which one is currently separated, as opposed to the home that you are living now = bardh. I would use bâr primarily in the sense “house, dwelling”.

belaith

adjective. mighty

An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form ✱✶mbelektā with the ekt vocalizing to eith and then the ei becoming ai in the final syllable.

celebrin

adjective. like silver (in hue or worth), like silver (in hue or worth), [G.] of silver

An adjectival form of celeb “silver”. In notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien described it as: “celebrin, adj. from celeb ‘silver’, not implying ‘made of silver’ but ‘like silver’ in hue, or worth” (PE17/42).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, G. celebrin meant “of silver” while G. celebriol meant “like silver” (GL/25). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s the form became ᴱN. celebren “of silver” (PE13/140). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien first equated N. celebren with ᴹQ. telpina “of silver” (Ety/KYELEP) but he revised the entry and updated its gloss to “like silver” (EtyAC/KYELEP). This new gloss did not appear in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (LR/367), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne provided it in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT45/25). This new gloss is consistent with the meaning of celebrin in Tolkien’s later writings (see above).

dûn

noun. west

The Sindarin word for “west” based on primitive ᴹ✶ndūne derived from the root √NDU “go down” (LotR/1116; PE17/18; Ety/NDŪ; EtyAC/NDŪ). More exactly it is “the way of the sunset” (SA/andúnë). The related word annûn “sunset”, also used to mean “the West”, was derived from ✶ṇdūnē with syllabic initial ṇ.

galadh

noun. tree

The basic Sindarin word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates back at least to The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. galadh “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD (Ety/GALAD). See also orn “(tall) tree” of similar meaning.

Conceptual Development: Gnomish of the 1910s had some earlier version of this “tree” word: G. galdon >> alwen “tree” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) and archaic/poetic G. †alwen “tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), the latter probably from the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” that was the basis for ᴱQ. alda “tree” (QL/29).

gwend

noun. maiden, maiden, *young woman

A word for “maiden” or “✱young woman”, frequently appearing as suffixal -wen as an element in female names, derived from the root √WEN(ED) (PE17/191; Ety/WEN).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, the word G. gwin meant “woman, female” and G. {gwen >>} gwennin was “girl” (GL/45). The former was derived from the root ᴱ√giu̯i which had to do with pregnancy, but the latter was derived from {ᴱ√gw̯ene >>} ᴱ√gu̯eđe. In the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon {ᴱ√WENE >>} ᴱ√GWENE was the basis of words like ᴱQ. ’wen(di) “maiden” (QL/103). In the Gnomish Lexicon Slips it seems G. gwin was also reassigned to the root ᴱ√(G)WENE [ᴱ√u̯enĭ-], derived from ᴱ✶u̯einā́, though possibly shifted or blended in meaning with an adjectival sense “womanly” (PE13/113).

In the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s, Tolkien had ᴱN. uin “woman” (PE13/123), a form that also appeared with this gloss in contemporaneous Early Noldorin Word-lists as a replacement for deleted {gwind, gwinn} (PE13/146, 155). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Tolkien had N. gwend, gwenn “maiden” under the root ᴹ√WEN(ED) which he said was “often found in feminine names” (Ety/WEN). He noted that “since the [suffixed names] show no -d even in archaic spelling, they probably contain a form wen-”. Tolkien seems to have stuck with these forms thereafter.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use this word for a young woman or adolescent girl, especially prior to marriage, but for female children I would use neth.

hû

noun. hound (or ?heart), hound, [N.] dog; S. ?heart

A noun appearing as N. hû “dog” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” (Ety/KHUGAN). The same form hû appeared in rough notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s with a gloss that might be “hound” or might be “heart”, according to Christopher Gilson (PE17/86). This later hû form was derived from ✶khōgo, which makes me think “hound” is the more likely meaning given the primitive form’s resemblance to ᴹ√KHUG.

Conceptual Development: G. hû “dog” also appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/49), but in this period was probably derived from the early root ᴱ√SAẆA (QL/82).

im

noun. valley, valley; [N.] dell, deep vale

An archaic element meaning “valley” that survived only in compounds, a derivation of ✶imbi “between” (VT47/14). The basic sense “valley” was transferred to its more elaborate form imlad as in Imladris “Rivendell”, and †im “valley” fell out of use due to its conflicted with other words like the reflexive pronoun im.

Conceptual Development: N. imm “dell, deep vale” was mentioned in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√IMBE, alongside its elaboration N. imlad of the same meaning (Ety/IMBE).

mâf

noun. pile or mass of rock or earth

A noun from 1967 notes on the comparative, glossed “a pile or mass of rock or earth” (PE17/93). It appeared underneath the root √MBŎNO, but was almost certainly actually derived from √MAB “lump, mass” appearing earlier in the same notes (PE17/90). Both these roots were considered as a new basis for the words Q. ambo and S. amon “hill” when Tolkien repurposed the root √AM “up” as √AMA “addition, increase, plus” in order to serve as a new basis for Quenya comparative forms, with √MAB >> √MBŎNO.

Neo-Eldarin: Given the evolution of its roots, this Sindarin word is pretty dubious, but I don’t have a good alternative for it at the moment.

mîdh

noun. dew, dew, *moisture, damp(ness); [ᴱN.] mist, drizzle

A Sindarin word for “dew” given as míð in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s as a derivative of ✶mizdē “drizzle” (PE19/101), illustrating how [[os|[z] vanished before [d] lengthening preceding vowel]] in (Old) Sindarin.

Conceptual Development: N. mîdh “dew” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the same derivation as given above (Ety/MIZD), though Tolkien first wrote its gloss as “fine rain” (EtyAC/MIZD). This deleted gloss seems to be a remnant of ᴱN. midh “mist, drizzle” from Early Noldorin Word-lists, but there its primitive form was ᴱ✶míye (PE13/150).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would extend the meaning of this word to include “✱moisture, damp(ness)” in general, especially as the result of a previous rain.

rond

noun. (vaulted or arched) roof; vaulted chamber or cavern; heavens [as a roof of the world]

A noun for a vaulted or arched roof, as well as chambers with such a roof, both constructed and natural. Tolkien’s most complete description of this word appeared in the Quendi and Eldar essay:

> S rond, Q rondo are from ✱rono “arch over, roof in”. This could be applied both to natural and to artificial structures, but its view was always from below and from the inside ... CE ✱rondo meant “a vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside)”, or “a (large) hall or chamber so roofed”. It was still often applied pictorially to the heavens after the Elves had obtained much greater knowledge of star-lore. Cf. the name Elrond “Star-dome“ (WJ/414).

Thus this word was sometimes also applied (metaphorically) to describe the dome of heaven. This definition of rond as both a roof and a cavern appeared elsewhere in Tolkien’s writings as well (RC/421; EtyAC/ROD).

Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest precursor to this word was G. grûd(a) “cavern” (archaic †rûda) from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√roto “hollow” (GL/42, 45, 66; QL/80). This was followed by a word ᴱN. gorod “cave” in the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s (PE13/123), and ᴱN. gronn (archaic †grond) in contemporaneous Early Noldorin Word-lists with glosses like “cave” (PE13/145) or “cavern” (PE13/162).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was N. rhonn (archaic †rhond) “roof, cave” from the root ᴹ√ROD of the same meaning (Ety/ROD). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road Christopher Tolkien gave the gloss “cave” (LR/384), but in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies, Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne corrected this to “roof, cave” (EtyAC/ROD). In this document it was already the basis of N. Elrond = “Starry-dome” (Ety/EL). In the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60, Tolkien seems to have kept the basic definition from The Etymologies of the 1930s but updated its form and etymology, deriving it from a new root √RON “arch over”.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I prefer the earlier root form ᴹ√ROD as this lets us retain more of the 1930s forms.

imrad

noun. path or pass between mountains or trackless forest, *(lit.) valley path

A noun appearing in notes from the late 1960s for “a path or pass between mountains, hills or trackless forest”, a combination of (archaic) S. †im “valley” and S. râd “path” (VT47/14). It is probably the clearest Sindarin word for a mountain pass.

megil

noun. sword

The word was struck out in the Etymologies, but is well attested in late compounds such as Mormegil or Arvegil (with regular mutation). It is conceivably the Sindarinized form of Quenya makil, coexisting with magol (see tegil and tegol for a similar case)

orgaladh

noun. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree

This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar

orgaladhad

noun. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees

This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar

pen

pronoun. one, somebody, anybody

Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2

-deid

suffix. his

_3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ed_. >> -deith, -dyn, -ed, [[]]

-deith

suffix. his

_3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ed_. >> -deid, -dyn, -ed, [[]]

-dyn

suffix. his

_3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ed_. >> -deid, -deith, -ed, [[]]

-es

ending referring to persons or animals used after dh [= ð]

pl1. -is suff. fem. ending referring to persons or animals used after dh [= ð], th. >> -eth, -on

-eth

ending referring to persons or animals

pl1. -ith suff. fem. ending referring to persons or animals. -es after dh [=ð], th. >> -es, -on

-on

ending referring to persons or animals

pl1. -yn suff. masc. ending referring to persons or animals. -or after n. >> -eth, -or

-rim

suffix. general or group plural ending

pl. suff. general or group plural ending. >> -ath

-waith

suffix. often used of regions in proper names or peoples

_suff. _often used of regions in proper names or peoples. >> gwaith, -weith

-weith

suffix. often used of regions in proper names or peoples

_suff. _often used of regions in proper names or peoples. >> -waith

Caladriel

noun. Interpreted or altered to Galadriel to reflect Galadrim

_ prop. n. _Interpreted or altered to Galadriel to reflect Galadrim. >> Galadriel

Míriel

adjective. or quasi-adverb like a jewel

_adj. or quasi-adverb _like a jewel, shining jewel-like. In origin a participial form of verb míria-. silivren penna míriel lit. 'glittering slants-down sparkling (as jewels)'. >> míria-

aglareb

adjective. glorious

adj. glorious, brilliant. Q. alcarin, alcarinqua. >> aglar

ast

noun. light or heat of sun

_n. _light or heat of sun. >> Asfaloth

bain

fair

_ adj. _fair, good, blessed, wholesome, favourable, without evil/bad element, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bân

bân

adjective. fair

_ adj. _fair, good, wholesome, favourable, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bain

calad

noun. light

_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> galad

calar

noun. lamp

n. lamp. >> calardan

caran

red

_ adj. _red, ruddy. >> Caradhras

caras

noun. built fort or dwelling surrounded by bulkwarks

_ n. _built fort or dwelling surrounded by bulkwarks. Q. carasse. >> Caras Galadon

dûn

noun. west

_n. _west. Q. nū-. >> annûn

faran

noun. any growing thing or plant

_ n. _any growing thing or plant. Q. farne/pharne. >> farn-

farn-

noun. any growing thing or plant

_ n. _any growing thing or plant. Q. farne/pharne. >> faran

fergenol

adjective. quick to see or perceive

adj. quick to see or perceive, sharpsighted (or **witted), etc. >> fair, feir, fergar, feria-, ferui

galad

light

_ n. _light, fire, brightness, shining. >> calad, Caras Galadon

galadh

tree

_n. Bot._tree, like oak (nordh) and beech. A galadh was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn

galadh

tree

{ð} n. tree. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn

gwen

noun. maiden

_n. _maiden. Q. wendē. >> gwend, gweneth

gwend

noun. maiden

_n. _maiden. Q. wendē. >> gwen, gweneth

gwenneth

noun. maiden

A longer variant of gwend “maiden” appearing in notes on the Common Eldarin Article (CEA) from 1969 (PE23/136). It might be confused with (or related to) gweneth “maidenhood”.

hithren

adjective. grey

_ adj. _grey. >> thind

hoth

host (nearly always used in evil or at least unfriendly sense in S

_ n. _host (nearly always used in evil or at least unfriendly sense in S.). host << host, mob. Q. ñauro. >> glamhoth, Lossoth, ngaur

lam

tongue

_ n. _tongue. Q. lambe. >> lammen

los

snow

{ŏ}_ n. _snow. Q. losse. >> glos, glosui, loss, Loss(h)oth

loss

noun. snow

_ n. _snow. Q. losse. >> glos, glosui, los, Loss(h)oth

lî

noun. a people of one kind or origin

_n. _a people of one kind or origin. >> gwaith, rim

mith

grey

adj. grey, light grey. >> Mithrandir, mithril

north

noun. a riding

_n. _a riding, a race (of people running), a charge or gallop. Tolkien notes the "curious accidental approach of words for race with sense kindred". >> northa-

northa-

verb. make run

_v. _make run, specially of riding horses or other animals. Q. norta-. >> nor-

ogron

noun. a wicked or evil person

_ n. _a wicked or evil person. >> oew, ogol

oron

noun. tree

n. Bot. tree. Also in compound -(o)rŏnō. >> orn

rasg

a drag or any large

pl1.#resg _n. _a drag or any large, flat vehicle on wheels or rollers for hauling stone or other weighty material. Q. raxa. >> Nan Gondresgion

rhû

evil

adj. evil, wicked. Q. hruo. >> Rhudaur

rhû

evil

_ adj. _evil, wicked. Q. hrúa, hrúya. >> rhu-, Rhudaur

rim

a people of one kind or origin

_n. _a people of one kind or origin. >> gwaith, lî

sador

noun. faithful one

Sador was Túrin's faithful servant. The meaning of this noun is deduced from sadron , assuming that these words are in the same kind of relation as hador and hadron

sirion

place name. properly 'the Vale or lands about the River Síre' or 'the Great Stream'

_ topon. _properly 'the Vale or lands about the River Síre' or 'the Great Stream'. >> -ion

teitha-

verb. make marks or signs

_ v. _make marks or signs, write, inscribe. >> taith, teith, teithant

thin

adjective. grey

adj. grey. Q. sinda. >> thind, Thingol, thinn

thind

adjective. grey

adj. grey. Q. sinda. >> thin, Thingol, thinn

thind

adjective. grey

_ adj. _grey. Obsolete except in names as Thingol. >> hithren

thinn

adjective. grey

adj. grey. Q. sinda. >> thin, thind, Thingol

bardh

home

{ð}_ n. _home, the (proper) place for one (or a community) to dwell in.

fû Speculative

noun. path

A noun appearing only it is plural form fui “paths” in the name Fui ’Ngorthrim “Paths of the Dead” (RC/526). The most plausible singular form is ✱fû “path”.

bannen

adjective. gone

A neologism for “gone” derived from ᴹ√BAT proposed by David Salo as part of his theory for the derivation of govannen “met” (GS/241, 260). While I think this theory is correct for the 1940s, I think the relevant forms were abandoned by the late 1950s, and I would recommend attested gwanwen instead for “departed, ✱gone”.

ogol

evil

1. ogol (wicked), pl. egyl (archaic ögyl) (VT48:32), 2) possibly also um (bad), pl. ym (or uim?) (David Salo would read *ûm with a long vowel. According to VT46:20, it may be that Tolkien intended um as a primitive base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word; the word ogol may therefore be preferred.)

um

evil

(bad), pl. ym (or uim?) (David Salo would read ✱ûm with a long vowel. According to VT46:20, it may be that Tolkien intended um as a primitive base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word; the word ogol may therefore be preferred.)

him

adverb/adjective. ever, ever, [N.] enduring, continually; steadfast, abiding

dae

noun. shadow, shadow (cast by an object or form), [N.] shade

hawn

noun. brother

lind

adjective. fair

moth

noun. dusk

ui

adverb. ever

arthor

noun. realm

ast

noun. light or heat of the sun

avar

proper name. Refuser

caran

adjective. red

gardh

noun. region

gwana

noun/adjective. fair

iath

noun. fence

iaur

adjective. old, old; [N.] ancient, olden

mellon

noun. friend

min

cardinal. one, one, [G.] single

mithren

adjective. grey

ogron

noun. wicked or evil person

thind

adjective. grey, grey, [N.] pale

if from þindā, why no a-affection? @@@

tíra-

verb. to see

tîn

pronoun. his

Non-lenited form suggested by Carl Hostetter (VT31/21).

am

adverb/adjective. more

codhon

noun. idol

ened

adverb. moreover

ess

noun. name

gwa

adverb. away

leb-

verb. to pick, pluck, take or feel or touch with fingers, cull

lhoss

noun. whispering or rustling sound

ummas

noun. evil

Ara-

prefix. high, noble, royal

ar-

prefix. high, noble, royal

esgal

noun. veil, screen, cover that hides

lad

noun. plain, valley

cail

noun. fence or palisade of spikes and sharp stakes

calan

noun. day, period of actual daylight

Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.

dorn

adjective. stiff, tough

fael

adjective. fair minded, just, generous

faer

noun. spirit

fân

noun. veil

fân

noun. cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills)

gardh

noun. bounded or defined region

gardh

noun. world

glamog

noun. an Orc, "a yelling one"

lanc

noun. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end (as a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built)

lothron

noun. the month of May

mithren

adjective. grey

narwain

noun. the month of January

oraearon

noun. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day

oranor

noun. second day of the week, day of the Sun

orbelain

noun. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar

orchoth

noun. the Orcs (as a race)

orgilion

noun. first day of the week, day of the Stars

orithil

noun. third day of the week, day of the Moon

ormenel

noun. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day

plad

noun. palm, flat of the hand, hand held upwards or forwards, flat and tensed (with fingers and thumb closed or spread)

ruin

adjective. (fiery) red

sadron

noun. faithful one

sennas

noun. guesthouse

talf

noun. palm of hand

urug

noun. Orc (rarely used)

urug

noun. "bogey", anything that caused fear to the Elves, any dubious shape or shadow, or prowling creature

Achad Tarlang

place name. The long narrow 'col' or passage over the long spur of the mountains that separated Lamedon from the plain of Erech

topon. The long narrow 'col' or passage over the long spur of the mountains that separated Lamedon from the plain of Erech. It is not certain whether this was named after some ancient man with the Sindarin name Tarlang ('stiff-neck', sc. 'proud') or was due to the obsolescence of Tarlang 'the stiff, tough passage' to which S. ached had been prefixed in explanation, so that Achad Tarlang 'the crossing called Tarlang' was interpreted as 'Tarlang's Neck'. The neck was not the name of the passage but of the lower, narrower ridge (crossed by the road) between the main mountains, and the mountainous region at southern end of the spur. Fachad, lang

Fingon

noun. Tolkien proposed revision of this name: Finion or Fingorn

_prop. n. _Tolkien proposed revision of this name: Finion or Fingorn (PE17:112). . This gloss was rejected.

adlann

adjective. sloping, tilted

aglareb

adjective. glorious

amon

noun. hill, steep-sided mount

amon

hill

pl1. emyn n. hill, lump, clump, mass, often applied to (esp. isolated) mountains. Q. umbo(n). FAmon Amarth

anha-

verb. to give

ann

noun. gift

n. gift.

annûn

noun. west, sunset

anu

adjective. male

A literal interpretation of the Etymologies would class this word as a noun, but David Salo notes that the punctuation in The Etymologies is not always reliable. Noldorin anw cannot be cognate to the Quenya noun hanu (3anû) because the final -u would drop. It must rather be cognate to the Quenya adjective hanwa (3anwâ) attested under the stem INI, where it is also stated that inw, corresponding to Quenya inya "female", has been remodelled after anw. The combination of these two entries, along with the phonological evidences, clearly indicates that anw is actually an adjective

anw

noun. gift

anw

noun. gift

aran

'high or noble person'

pl1. erain n. 'high or noble person', king, chief.

ardhon

noun. great region, province

ardhon

noun. world

arthor

realm

_n. _realm.

aur

noun. day, sunlight, morning

avar

noun. refuser

This plural name was known to the loremasters, but went out of daily use at the time of the Exile

avar

noun. the Avari, Elves who refused the invitation of the Valar

This plural name was known to the loremasters, but went out of daily use at the time of the Exile

bar

noun. dwelling, home

bar

noun. inhabited land

belaith

adjective. mighty

adj. mighty. Q. melehta.

bo

preposition. on

boda

verb. refuse, forbid

calad

gerund noun. light

calar

noun. (portable) lamp

camlann

noun. palm of hand

caran

adjective. red

caras

noun. circular earthwall with dike

caras

noun. city (built above ground)

curu

noun. craft; applied to all cunning things or [wily?] things

_ n. _craft; applied to all cunning things or [wily?] things, esp. when intended as mysterious or secret.

dae

noun. shadow

dûn

noun. west

eneth

noun. name

ephel

noun. outer fence, encircling fence

ephel

outer wall or fence

_ n. _outer wall or fence. . This gloss was rejected.

erin

preposition. on the

esta-

verb. to name

fain

vague shape or fleeting glimpse

n. vague shape or fleeting glimpse, esp. of 'apparitions' or figures seen in dreams.

feleg

noun. cave

n. cave, mine, underground dwelling. Q. felco. Q.

fergenol

adjective. quick to see or perceive, sharp-sighted or witted

gaer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

galad

noun. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water)

galadh

noun. tree

glamhoth

noun. barbaric host of Orcs

glaur-

prefix. golden colour of sunshine or golden-flowers

_ pref. _golden colour of sunshine or golden-flowers. The application to gold of the stem was poetic and referred primarily to colour (as esp. of laburnum) not to material (Q. malta).

gloss

adjective. snow-white, dazzling-white

groth

noun. cave, tunnel, large excavation

groth

noun. delving, underground dwelling

guruthos

noun. the shadow of death, death-horror

gwain

adjective. fair

adj. fair. . This gloss was rejected.

gwath

noun. shade, shadow, dim light

gwath

noun. stain

gwân

adjective. fair

_ adj. _fair, pale.

gûl

noun. knowledge

n. knowledge, deep knowledge not 'occult' in modern sense, but applied to the deper knowledge of the 'wise' or skilled persons, not kept secret (as [?among the] Elves) but not attainable by all. Q. ñōle, B.S. gûl phantom, shadow of dark magic, necromancer, slave, servant?. The B.S. word gûl was prob. derived from ngōl-.

gûr

noun. heart (in the moral sense), counsel

hanar

noun. brother

hawn

noun. brother

hithren

adjective. grey

honeg

noun. "litte brother"

Given as honig in VT/47:14, but see VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion

honeg

noun. middle finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)

Given as honig in VT/47:14, but see VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion

hû

spirit

_ n. _spirit, shadow.

iath

noun. fence

iaur

adjective. ancient, old, original

iaur

adjective. older, former

imlad

noun. deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides (but a flat habitable bottom)

imloth

noun. flower-valley, flowery vale

This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew

imrad

noun. a path or pass (between mountains, hills or trackless forest)

imrath

noun. long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise

iâth

noun. fence

iâth

noun. fence

lam

noun. physical tongue

laws

noun. hair ringlet

lebethron

noun. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor

In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata)

leutha-

verb. to pick up or out (with the fingers)

lond

noun. narrow path or strait

lond

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

lonn

noun. narrow path or strait

lonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

loss

noun. snow (especially fallen or long-lying snow)

lum

noun. shade

malhorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

mallorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

malthorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

megil

noun. sword

_ n. _sword. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'.

mellon

noun. friend

mellon

noun. friend

_ n. _friend. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. 

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

minlamad

noun. 'first voiced' or 'first-echoing', alliterative (?) verse mode (minlamad thent/estent)

The word is not translated by Tolkien. For a discussion of its probable meaning, refer to Tolkien's Legendarium p. 121-122

mith

adjective. (pale) grey

morben

noun. one of the Avari or Easterlings in Beleriand

morchant

noun. shadow (of objects, cast by light), dark shape

mâf

noun. a pile or mass of rock or earth

n. a pile or mass of rock or earth.

míria-

verb. to shine like a mîr or jewel

_v. _to shine like a mîr or jewel, to sparkle like jewels. Fmîr, míriel

mîdh

noun. dew

dew

mîn

fraction. one (first of a series)

orn

noun. (any large) tree

ost

noun. city, town with wall round

ost

noun. citadel, fortress or stronghold, made or strenghtened by art

penedh

historical form obsolete as specific 'tribal' or general

{ð} n. historical form obsolete as specific 'tribal' or general, except as element in certain proper-names.

penninor

noun. last day of the year

region

noun. holly-tree area

[HKF] reg (Dor. regorn “holly tree”) + ion (Dor. gen. pl. suffix) = Dor. Regornion [Etym. ERÉK-]

rem

noun. mesh, net (esp. for catching, hunter's or fisher's net)

ring

adjective. cold

ritha-

verb. to jerk, twitch, snatch

rond

noun. cave roof

rond

noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed

roth

noun. cave

n. cave. Q. rondo.

rîw

noun. edge, hem, border

sant

noun. garden, field, yard (or other place in private ownership whether enclosed or not)

tagol

noun. post, mark

tarch

adjective. stiff, tough

thind

adjective. grey, pale

thinn

adjective. grey

_adj. _grey. Q. sinde.

thinn

adjective. grey

tum

noun. deep valley, under or among hills

tîn

adjective. his

ui-

prefix. ever

ulunn

noun. monster, deformed and hideous creature

în

adjective. his (referring to the subject)

Teler

person or thing at the rear

teler (i deler), pl. telir (i thelir), coll. pl. telerrim (when used of the people of the Teleri, PM:385)

abor

adjective. following, succeeding, close behind (of place), next behind or after (time or place)

ad

again

(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "back, second, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".

ad

again

also meaning "back, second, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".

ad

back

(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "second, again, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".

ad

back

also meaning "second, again, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".

adab

house

(building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb.

adlant

slanting

(adj.) *adlant (oblique), pl. edlaint. This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlant.

adlant

slanting

(oblique), pl. edlaint. This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlant.

adlod

sloping

(adj.) *adlod (tilted), pl. adloen. This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” aclod (VT46:17)

adlod

sloping

(tilted), pl. adloen. This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” aclod (VT46:17) 

aglareb

glorious

aglareb (pl. eglerib)

aglareb

glorious

(pl. eglerib)

ai!

hail

! (interjection) ai! _(according to one interpretation of Glorfindel_s cry ai na vedui, Dúnadan!)

ai!

hail

(according to one interpretation of Glorfindel’s cry ai na vedui, Dúnadan!)

alag

rushing

(impetuous), pl. elaig; also alagon (pl. elegyn)

ambenn

sloping upward

(uphill), pl. embinn

amloth

uprising-flower

R” (crest of a helmet) amloth (pl. emlyth). The source also mentions a dialectal form almoth.

amloth

uprising-flower

(pl. emlyth). The source also mentions a dialectal form almoth.

ammen

for us

(to us).

amon

hill

1. amon (pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount), 2) dôl (i dhôl, construct dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i nôl, pl. i ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n if the former derivation had been maintained). 3) tund (i dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.

amon

hill

(pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount)

an

for the

(for) + i (the).

andrath

high pass

(literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.

annûn

west

1. annûn; 2) Dúven (na Núven, o Ndúven). Christopher Tolkien tentatively read the illegible gloss as ”southern” (LR:376 s.v. NDŪ), but the etymology seems to demand the meaning ”west”: dú-ven with the same ending as in Forven ”North” and Harven ”South”. The ending means ”way”, so Dúven may be ”west” considered as a direction. WEST-ELF (Elf of Beleriand, including Noldor and Sindar) Dúnedhel (i Núnedhel), pl. Dúnedhil (i Ndúnedhil). (WJ:378, 386)

annûn

west

ant

gift

ant, pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.

ant

gift

pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.

anu

male

(adj.) *anu, analogical pl. eny. (Archaic anw, pl. ?einw)

anu

male

analogical pl. eny. (Archaic anw, pl. ?einw)

anu

noun/adjective. male (person or animal)

aran

king of a region

(pl. erain)

ardh

realm

ardh (region), pl. erdh

ardh

realm

(region), pl. erdh

ardh

region

1. ardh (realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath. 2) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413), 3) gardh (i **ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh), 4) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

ardh

region

(realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath.

ascar

rushing

(impetuous, violent), pl. escair. Also spelt asgar (pl. esgair).

aur

day

aur (morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

aur

day

(morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.

auth

dim shape

auth (spectral or vague apparition), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "war, battle".

auth

dim shape

auth (spectral or vague apparition), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "war, battle". DARK SHAPE, see .

auth

spectral or vague apparition

auth (dim shape), pl. oeth. Note: a homophone means "war, battle".

auth

spectral or vague apparition

(dim shape), pl. oeth. Note: a homophone means "war, battle".

auth

vague or spectral apparition

auth (dim shape), pl. oeth. Note: a homophone means "war, battle".

auth

vague or spectral apparition

(dim shape), pl. oeth. Note: a homophone means "war, battle".

bad

go

#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

bad

go

(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

bain

fair

bain (beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.

bain

fair

(beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.

band

custody

band (i mand, o mband; construct ban) (prison, safekeeping, duress, doom, hell), pl. baind (i mbaind), coll. pl. bannath.

band

custody

(i mand, o mband; construct ban) (prison, safekeeping, duress, doom, hell), pl. baind (i mbaind), coll. pl. bannath.

bannen

gone

#bannen (pl. bennin). Isolated from govannen ”met”, based on the assumption that this past participle includes a form of the verb #bad- ”go”.

bannen

gone

(pl. bennin). Isolated from govannen ”met”, based on the assumption that this past participle includes a form of the verb #bad- ”go”.

beleg

mighty

1. beleg (great), lenited veleg, pl. belig; 2) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

beleg

mighty

(great), lenited veleg, pl. belig

born

red

(hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn

brand

tall

(lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind.

brûn

elder, eldest

(long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also

bâd

pathway

(i vâd, construct bad) (beaten track), pl. baid (i maid).

bâr

dwelling

bâr (house, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds

bâr

dwelling

(house, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds

bâr

house

bâr (dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bâr

house

(dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bâr

home

bâr (dwelling, house, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bâr

home

(dwelling, house, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

cail

fence

(i gail, o chail) (palisade); no distinct pl. form except with article (i chail).

calad

light

_(noun) _1) calad (i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i **aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i **âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).

calad

light

(i galad, o chalad), pl. celaid (i chelaid), 2) gaul (i ’aul), pl. goel (i ngoel = i ñoel), coll. pl. golath. Note: A homophone means "wolf-howl", but has different mutations. 3) (bright light) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (sunlight, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 4) gâl (gal-, -al in compounds, with article i ’âl), pl. gail (i ngail = i ñail).

calan

daytime

(i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain)

calar

lamp

#calar (i galar, o chalar), pl. celair (i chelair). Isolated from the pl. compound celerdain "lampwrights", sg. *calardan.

calar

lamp

(i galar, o chalar), pl. celair (i chelair). Isolated from the pl. compound celerdain "lampwrights", sg. ✱calardan.

car

house

(building, dwelling-place) 1) car or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity. 2) adab (building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb. 3)

car

house

or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity.

caran

red

1. caran (lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern), 2) coll (scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak". 3) born (hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn, 4) (fiery red) naru (analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. _NAR_1). 5) rhosc (russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc. Cf. also

caran

red

(lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern)

coll

red

(scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak".

crann

ruddy

(lenited grann, pl. crain).

cîl

pass between hills

(i gîl, o chîl) (cleft, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. . A homophone means ”renewal”.

dadbenn

sloping down

(downhill, inclined, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn.

dae

shadow

(i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae).

dae

shade

(i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae)

daew

shadow

(i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8).

dan

back

(prep.) dan (lenited nan) (again, against);

dan

back

(lenited nan) (again, against);

dorn

stiff

1. dorn (tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn; 2) tharn (sapless, rigid, withered), pl. thern.

dorn

stiff

(tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn

dram

blow

dram (i dhram) (heavy stroke), pl. draim (in draim);

dram

blow

(i dhram) (heavy stroke), pl. draim (in draim);

dram

heavy stroke

dram (i dhram) (blow), pl. draim (in draim)

drambor

blow with fist

(i dhrambor) (clenched fist), pl. dramboer (in dramboer). Archaic ✱drambaur (dram + paur).

duinen

high tide

(i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).

dôl

hill

(i** dhôl, construct **dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i** nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i** nôl, pl. i** ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n** if the former derivation had been maintained).

dôr

dwelling place

(i nôr, construct dor) (land, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413).

dôr

region

(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413)

dúath

dark shadow

(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith). Compare the Ephel Dúath or ”Mountains of Shadow” forming th outer fence of Mordor, perhaps suggesting that Dúath is also the word used of Sauron as ”the Shadow”.

dúnedhel

west-elf

(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*

dúven

west

(na Núven, o Ndúven). Christopher Tolkien tentatively read the illegible gloss as ”southern” (LR:376 s.v. NDŪ), but the etymology seems to demand the meaning ”west”: dú-ven with the same ending as in Forven ”North” and Harven ”South”. The ending means ”way”, so Dúven may be ”west” considered as a direction.

dû

dusk

(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).

e

away

ed (out, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition "out from, out of" (WJ:367)

eden

begun again

(new), pl. edin

edinor

anniversary day

(pl. edinoer). Archaic edinaur. In ”Noldorin”, the word appeared as edinar.

elu

pale blue

1. elu (analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?) 2) gwind (lenited wind; no distinct pl. form)

elu

pale blue

1. elu (analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?). 2) gwind (lenited wind; no distinct pl. form).

elvellon

elf-friend

elvellon (pl. elvellyn, coll. pl. elvellonnath (WJ:412);

eneth

name

(noun) eneth (pl. enith)

eneth

name

(pl. enith)

ephel

fence

(pl. ephil)

ephel

outer fence

(encircling fence) ephel (pl. ephil)

ephel

outer fence

(pl. ephil)

eru

the one

isolated from

escal

veil

(noun) 1) escal (screen, cover that hides), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail). 2) fân (cloud, manifested body of a Vala), construct fan, pl. fain

esta

name

(verb.) esta- (call) (i esta, in estar)

esta

name

(call) (i esta, in estar)

fae

spirit

1. fae (soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form. 2) faer (radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)

fae

spirit

(soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form.

faer

spirit

(radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)

fast

shaggy hair

(pl. faist if there is a pl.).

fela

cave

(pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.

find

hair

(construct fin), no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. finnath.

fuin

nightshade

(gloom, darkness, night, dead of night); no distinct pl. form.

fîn

hair

1. (a single hair) fîn (construct fin), no distinct pl. form. (PM:362), 2) (lock of hair, tress) find (construct fin), no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. finnath.

fîn

hair

(construct fin), no distinct pl. form. (PM:362)

gaer

red, reddish

(copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

gail

light

(adjective) 1) gail (bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18), 2) lim (clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.

gail

light

(bright), lenited ngail, no distinct pl. form (VT45:18)

galad

sunlight

1. galad (i ngalad = i ñalad), (bright light, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid). 2) glawar (i **lawar) (gold; radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair**) (VT41:10)

galad

sunlight

(i ngalad = i ñalad), (bright light, brilliance, radiance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid).

galadh

tree

1. galadh (i **aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302). 2) orn (pl. yrn**). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.

galadh

tree

(i ’aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302).

galadhon

of or related to trees

(lenited ‘aladhon, pl. galadhoen). Archaic ✱galadhaun. The latter is based on David Salo’s analysis of the name Caras Galadhon; others have interpreted the last word as some kind of genitive plural, maybe influenced by Silvan Elvish.

galadhrim

people of the trees

(Elves of Lórien). Adj.

gar

possess

gar- (i **âr, i ngerir = i ñerir) (hold, have; be able, can); pa.t. garant**. (AI:92, VT45:14)

gar

possess

(i ’âr, i ngerir = i ñerir) (hold, have; be able, can); pa.t. garant. (AI:92, VT45:14)

gardh

region

(i ’ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh)

gardh

bounded or defined place

gardh (i **ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh** = i ñerdh).

gardh

bounded or defined place

gardh (i **ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh** = i ñerdh);

gardh

bounded or defined place

(i ’ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh =  i ñerdh).

gardh

defined or bounded place

gardh (i **ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh** = i ñerdh)

gardh

defined or bounded place

(i ’ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh)

gilwen

region of stars

(Quenya Ilmen), also Gilith. In the Etymologies, this word is derived from a root GIL (LR:358) and would then have the form ’Ilwen (’Ilwith) when lenited. But in a later source, Tolkien cited the relevant root as ÑGIL (MR:388), and the lenited form would then be Ngilwen (Ngilwith).

glaur

golden light

(i ’laur), pl. gloer (in gloer).

glawar

sunlight

(i ’lawar) (gold, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair) if there is a pl. (VT41:10)

glawar

sunlight

glawar (i **lawar) (gold, radiance of the Golden Tree Laurelin), pl. glewair (in glewair**) if there is a pl. (VT41:10)

glóren

shining with golden light

(glórin-) (golden), lenited ’lóren; pl. glórin

gobel

enclosed dwelling

(i ’obel) (walled house or village, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. göbil.

gobel

village

(i ’obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. ✱göbil.

gobel

walled house (or village)

gobel (i **obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil** = i ñebil). Archaic pl. *göbil.

gobel

walled house (or village)

gobel (i **obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil** = i ñebil). Archaic pl. *göbil.

gondrath

highway

(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.

groth

cave

(i ’roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12)

grôd

underground dwelling

(i ’rôd, construct grod) (cave, delving, excavation), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)

grôd

cave

1. grôd (i **rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414), 2) groth (i **roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12), 3) rond (construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath, 4) roth (delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i **athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd), 5) fela (pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela** as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.

grôd

cave

(i ’rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)

gwachae

away

1. (adj.) gwachae (remote), lenited wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186, isolated from gwahaedir). 2) (adv.) e, ed (out, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition "out from, out of" (WJ:367)

gwachae

away

(remote), lenited ’wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch *(PM:186, isolated from gwahaedir)*.         

gwador

sworn brother

(i ’wador), pl. gwedyr (in gwedyr). In ”N”, the pl. was gwedeir (LR:394 s.v. TOR)

gwaith

region

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

gwaith

troop of able-bodied men

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

gwanur

kinsman, kinswoman

(i ’wanur) (brother), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.

gwanur

kinswoman

(i ’wanur) (brother), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.

gwathra

veil

(verb) gwathra- (i **wathra, in gwathrar**) (dim, obscure, overshadow)

gwend

maiden

gwend (i **wend, construct gwen) (friendship), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath**. Note: a homophone means ”bond, friendship”.

gwend

maiden

(i ’wend, construct gwen) (friendship), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath. Note: a homophone means ”bond, friendship”.

gwoe

noun. envelope

gwâth

shadow

(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)

gwâth

shade

(noun) 1) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261), 2) dae (i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae), 3) lûm (pl. luim**).

gwâth

shade

(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)

gûr

heart

(i ’ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11).

hadron

thrower/hurler of spears or darts

(warrior) hadron (i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath

hall

tall

(exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.

hanar

brother

1. hanar (i chanar, o chanar), pl. henair (i chenair) (VT47:14). A more archaic term is *haun (spelt ”hawn” in source) (i chaun, o chaun), pl. hoen (i choen), coll. pl. honath.

hanar

brother

(i chanar, o chanar), pl. henair (i chenair) (VT47:14). A more archaic term is ✱haun (spelt ”hawn” in source) (i chaun, o chaun), pl. hoen (i choen), coll. pl. honath.

hathel

broadsword blade

(i chathel, o chathel) (axe blade), pl. hethil (i chethil)

helch

bitterly cold

(lenited chelch; pl. hilch);

heria

set vigorously out to do

(i cheria, i cheriar) (have an impulse, be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously) (VT45:22)

honeg

little brother

(i choneg, o choneg), pl. honig (i chonig), also used as a play-name for the middle finger. (VT47:6, 16-17) 2) In older sources Tolkien listed different ”Noldorin” words for ”brother”: muindor (i vuindor), analogical pl. muindyr (i muindyr). Archaic/poetic †tôr (i** dôr, o thôr, construct tor), pl. teryn (i** theryn), coll. pl. toronath. In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was terein. 3) “Brother” in extended sense of “relative”: gwanur (i ’wanur) (kinsman, also kinswoman), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.

huorn

walking tree of fangorn

(i chuorn, o chuorn), pl. huyrn (i chuyrn).

hîn

they

(of women) hîn. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.

hîn

they

. It is unclear whether Tolkien maintained this ”Noldorin” pronoun in Sindarin.

hûn

heart

1. (physical heart) hûn (i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin), 2) (inner mind) gûr (i **ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11). 3) ind (inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath. 4) nest (core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû**- apparently meaning ”heart”..

hûn

heart

(i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin)

hûr

fiery spirit

(i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (readiness for action, vigour), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.

iaur

old

1. iaur (ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare ELDER, ELDEST, q.v. 2) brûn (long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also

iaur

old

(ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare

iaur

ancient

iaur (in compounds ior-, iar-) (old, former), pl. ioer

iaur

ancient

(in compounds ior-, iar-) (old, former), pl. ioer

iell

maid

1. iell (-iel) (girl, daughter), pl. ill, 2) sell (i hell) (daughter, girl), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. sellath** **

iell

maid

(-iel) (girl, daughter), pl. ill

imloth

flowering valley

(pl. imlyth) (VT42:18).

imrad

path

(between mountains, hills or through trackless forest) imrad (pass), pl. imraid.

imrad

path

(pass), pl. imraid.

imrath

valley

(long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise) imrath (pl. imraith)

ind

heart

(inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.

iphant

full of years

(aged, long-lived), pl. iphaint. The spelling used in the source is ”ifant” (LR:400 s.v. YEN), but since the f arises from earlier (n > m +) p via nasal mutation, it should be written ph according to the spelling conventions described in LotR Appendix E.

ist

knowledge

ist (lore); no distinct pl. form.

ist

knowledge

(lore); no distinct pl. form.

ista

have knowledge

(i ista, in istar), pa.t. sint or istas (VT45:18).

iâd

noun. fence

iâth

fence

(noun) 1) iâth (construct iath, pl. iaith) (WJ:370, 378), also ?iâd (construct iad), pl. iaid. 2) lest (girdle, boundary), pl. list, 3) (outer/encircling fence) ephel (pl. ephil), 4) (with spikes and sharp stakes) cail (i gail, o chail) (palisade); no distinct pl. form except with article (i chail).

iâth

fence

(construct iath, pl. iaith) (WJ:370, 378), also ?iâd (construct iad), pl. iaid.

laden

plain

(adjective) laden (flat, wide, open, cleared), pl. ledin (suggested Sindarin forms for ”Noldorin” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)

laden

plain

(flat,  wide, open, cleared), pl. ledin (suggested Sindarin forms for ”Noldorin” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)

lam

tongue

(both body-part and = ”dialect, language”) lam (pl. laim, coll. pl. lammath). (WJ:394, 416) Not: lam is also used = ”echo, voice, echoing voice”.

lam

tongue

(pl. laim, coll. pl. lammath). (WJ:394, 416) Not: lam is also used = ”echo, voice, echoing voice”.

lammas

account of tongues

lammen

my tongue

.

lanc

sharp edge

(sudden end, brink), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”neck, throat”.

lang

sword

(cutlass), pl. leng.

lebethron

oak tree

.

lest

fence

(girdle, boundary), pl. list

leutha

pick up or out

leutha- (VT47:10, 23; the diphthong eu seems unusual for Sindarin):

lim

light

(clear, sparkling), no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fish”.

loss

snow

(fallen snow) loss (construct los; pl. lyss if there is a pl.) (RGEO:61-62, Letters:278, VT42:18) (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”wilderness”.).

lâd

valley

(lowland, plain), construct lad, pl. laid

lâd

plain

(valley, lowland), construct lad, pl. laid

lûm

shade

(pl. luim).

magol

sword

(i vagol), analogical pl. megyl (i megyl), coll. pl. maglath (though analogical ?magolath may also be possible). In ”Noldorin”, this was the native word for ”sword” (derived from primitive makla, as is Quenya macil); it is unclear whether Tolkien definitely replaced it with megil when he turned ”Noldorin” into Sindarin, or whether both words coexist in the language.

megil

sword

1. megil (i vegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i megil). This is a borrowing from Quenya macil (VT45:32). 2) magol (i vagol), analogical pl. megyl (i megyl), coll. pl. maglath (though analogical ?magolath may also be possible). In ”Noldorin”, this was the native word for ”sword” (derived from primitive makla, as is Quenya macil); it is unclear whether Tolkien definitely replaced it with megil when he turned ”Noldorin” into Sindarin, or whether both words coexist in the language. 3) lang (cutlass), pl. leng.

megil

sword

(i vegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i megil). This is a borrowing from Quenya macil (VT45:32).

meldis

friend

(i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.

mellon

friend

1. (masc.) mellon (i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath. 2) (fem.) meldis (i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.

mellon

friend

(i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath.

min

cardinal. one

1. (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)

min

one

mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.

mith

grey

(lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.

mithren

grey

1. *mithren (lenited vithren, pl. mithrin). 2) thind (pale); no distinct pl. form. 3) (pale grey) mith (lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.

mithren

grey

(lenited vithren, pl. mithrin).

morchant

shadow

1. morchant (i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form. 2) dae (i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae). 3) daew (i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8). 4) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261) 5) muil (i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil**),

morchant

shadow

(i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form.

moth

dusk

1. moth (i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read *môth with a long vowel. 2) dû (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).

moth

dusk

(i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read ✱môth with a long vowel.

muil

shadow

(i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)

mîdh

dew

1. mîdh (i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh), 2) ross (construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

mîdh

dew

(i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh)

nand

valley

1. nand (construct nan) (wide grassland, land at the foot of hills with many streams), pl. naind, coll. pl. nannath (VT45:36), 2) lâd (lowland, plain), construct lad, pl. laid, 3) (long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise) imrath (pl. imraith).

nand

valley

(construct nan) (wide grassland, land at the foot of hills with many streams), pl. naind, coll. pl. **nannath **(VT45:36)

naru

red

(analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. NAR1).

nest

heart

(core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû- apparently meaning ”heart”..

noss

house

(family) 1) noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan), 2) nost (pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360), 3) nothrim (family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)

noss

house

(construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan)

nost

house

(pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360)

nothlir

family tree

(family line); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.

nothrim

house

(family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)

ogol

evil

(wicked), pl. egyl (archaic ögyl) (VT48:32)

ordolel

noun. tomorrow

orn

tree

(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.

ost

city

ost (pl. yst) (city/town with wall around).

ost

city

(pl. yst) (city/town with wall around).

othronn

fortress in a cave/caves

(pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (underground stronghold). Cited in archaic form othrond in the source (WJ:414).

othronn

underground city or stronghold

(pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (fortress in a cave or caves). Cited in archaic form othrond in the sources (WJ:414, VT46:12)

othronn

underground city or stronghold

*othronn (pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (fortress in a cave or caves). Cited in archaic form othrond in the sources (WJ:414, VT46:12)

othronn

underground stronghold or city

*othronn (pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (fortress in a cave or caves). Cited in archaic form othrond in the sources (WJ:414, VT46:12)

othronn

underground stronghold or city

*othronn (pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (fortress in a cave or caves). Cited in archaic form othrond in the sources (WJ:414, VT46:12)

othronn

underground stronghold or city

(pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (fortress in a cave or caves). Cited in archaic form othrond in the sources (WJ:414, VT46:12)

pada

walk

(i bada, i phadar)

parf

book

parf (i barf, o pharf), pl. perf (i pherf), coll. pl. parvath

parf

book

(i barf, o pharf), pl. perf (i pherf), coll. pl. parvath

pen

cardinal. one

(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

pen

one

(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

pendrad

passage up or down slope

pendrad (i bendrad, o phendrad) (stairway), pl. pendraid (i phendraid). A side-form ends in -rath instead of -rad.

pendrad

passage up or down slope

pendrad (i bendrad, o phendrad) (stairway), pl. pendraid (i phendraid). A side-form ends in -rath instead of -rad.

pendrad

passage up or down slope

(i bendrad, o phendrad) (stairway), pl. pendraid (i phendraid). A side-form ends in -rath instead of -rad.

penia

set

penia- (i benia, i pheniar) (fix).

penia

set

(i benia, i pheniar) (fix).

po

on

po (lenited bo) (VT44:23)

po

on

(lenited bo) (VT44:23)

pol-

verb. can

pêl

fence, fenced field

(i bêl, construct pel) (enclosure, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root PEL(ES), LR:380)

raegdan

noun. sinner

ranoth

noun. month

raud

tall

(eminent, noble), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”.

rem

mesh

rem (net), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath

rem

mesh

(net), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath

rhosc

red

(russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc. Cf. also

rhugaron

noun. sinner

rhûd

dwelling underground

(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (artificial cave, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid) (PM:365)*.

rhûd

artificial cave

(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*

rhûd

dwelling underground

*rhûd (construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (artificial cave, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid) (PM:365).

rim

cold pool/lake

; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

rim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

rim

cold pool or lake

rim; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

rimp

rushing

(adj.) 1) rimp (flying), no distinct pl. form; 2) alag (impetuous), pl. elaig; also alagon (pl. elegyn); 3) ascar (impetuous, violent), pl. escair. Also spelt asgar (pl. esgair).

rimp

rushing

(flying), no distinct pl. form

rinc

jerk

(noun) rinc (twitch, trick, sudden move), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rinc); coll. pl. ringath.

rinc

jerk

(twitch, trick, sudden move), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rinc); coll. pl. ringath.

ring

cold

(adj.) ring (no distinct pl. form),

ring

cold

(no distinct pl. form)

ritha

jerk

(verb) ritha- (twitch, snatch) (i ritha, idh rithar)

ritha

jerk

(twitch, snatch) (i ritha, idh rithar)

rond

cave

(construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath

ross

dew

(construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

roth

cave

(delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i ’athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd)

râd

path

râd (track), construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh).

râd

path

(track), construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh).

rîw

edge

*rîw (construct riw) (hem, border), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhîf.

rîw

edge

(construct riw) (hem, border), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rîw). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhîf.

sant

garden

sant (i hant, o sant) (field, yard, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)

sant

garden

(i hant, o sant) (field, yard, or other privately owned place), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)

seidia

set aside

(appropriate to special purpose or owner) (i heidia, i seidiar) (VT42:20).  

seidia

set aside

seidia- (appropriate to special purpose or owner) (i heidia, i seidiar) (VT42:20).

sell

maid

(i hell) (daughter, girl), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. *sellath*** **

sennas

guesthouse

(i hennas), pl. sennais (i sennais), coll. pl. sennassath (RC:523)

talath

wide valley

(i** dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, plain), pl. telaith (i** thelaith). *Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath, LR:353 s.v.*

talath

dal

Dirnen or ”Guarded Plain” mentioned in the Silmarillion.

talath

plain

(noun) 1) talath (i dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath_, LR:353 s.v.

talath

plain

(i dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, [wide] valley), pl. telaith (i thelaith). *Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath, LR:353 s.v. DAL. Compare the Talath Dirnen or ”Guarded Plain” mentioned in the *Silmarillion.

talf

palm

(of hand) 1) talf (i dalf, o thalf), pl. ?telf (i thelf), coll. pl. talvath. Note: a homophone means ”low, flat field; wetland”.2) camlann (i gamlann, o chamlann), pl. cemlain (i chemlain), 3) *plâd (cited as ”plad” in the source) (i blâd, construct plad), (flat of the hand, hand held upwards or forwards, flat and tensed, with fingers and thumb closed or spread), pl. plaid (i phlaid). (VT47:9) PASS THE SENSITIVE PALM OVER A SURFACE, see .

talf

palm

(i dalf, o thalf), pl. ?telf (i thelf), coll. pl. talvath. Note: a homophone means ”low, flat field; wetland”.2) camlann (i gamlann, o chamlann), pl. cemlain (i chemlain), 3)  ✱plâd (cited as ”plad” in the source) (i blâd, construct plad), (flat of the hand, hand held upwards or forwards, flat and tensed, with fingers and thumb closed or spread), pl. plaid (i phlaid). (VT47:9)

tarias

stiffness

(i darias, o tharias) (toughness, difficulty), pl. teriais (i theriais) if there is a pl.

tarlanc

stiff-necked

(obstinate), lenited darlanc, pl. terlainc.

taur

tall

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

mighty

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

teitha

write

teitha- (i deitha, i theithar) (draw)

teitha

write

(i deitha, i theithar) (draw)

telu

high roof

(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).

thafn

post

(= wooden pillar) thafn, pl. ?thefn, coll. pl. thavnath

thafn

post

pl. ?thefn, coll. pl. thavnath

thangail

shield fence

(shield wall). No distinct pl. form? (UT:281)

thar

over

(adverbial prefix) thar- (across, athwart, beyond)

thar

over

(across, athwart, beyond)

tharn

stiff

(sapless, rigid, withered), pl. thern.

thind

grey

(pale); no distinct pl. form.

thora

fence

(verb) *thora- (the curious form ”thoro-” occurs in the primary source, LR:393 s.v. THUR). The passive participle thoren ”fenced, guarded, hidden” is cited (pl. thorin).

thora

fence

(the curious form ”thoro-” occurs in the primary source, LR:393 s.v. THUR). The passive participle thoren ”fenced, guarded, hidden” is cited (pl. thorin).

tinnu

dusk

tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.

tinnu

dusk

(i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.

toss

low-growing tree

(i** doss, o thoss, construct tos), pl. tyss (i** thyss). Tolkien mentioned ”maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.” as examples of the low-growing trees covered by this word. Specific trees, see

tui

sprout

(noun) tui or (older) tuiw (i dui[w], o thui[w]) (bud), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thui[w])

tui

sprout

or (older) tuiw (i dui[w], o thui[w]) (bud), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thui[w])

tuia

sprout

(verb) tuia- (i duia, i thuiar) (swell, spring)

tuia

sprout

(i duia, i thuiar) (swell, spring)

tund

hill

(i** dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i** thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.

tín

his

*tín (only attested in lenited form dín, following a noun with article). Possibly, the word also covers ”her(s)” and ”its” as a general 3rd person form. If ”his” refers to the same person as the subject, the form ín* is used instead (e.g. i venn sunc i haw ín** ”the man drank his (own) juice”, but *i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his (somebody elses) juice”.

tín

his

(only attested in lenited form dín, following a noun with article). Possibly, the word also covers ”her(s)” and ”its” as a general 3rd person form. If ”his” refers to the same person as the subject, the form ín is used instead (e.g. ✱i venn sunc i haw ín ”the man drank his (own) juice”, but ✱i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his (somebody else’s) juice”.

ui

ever

ui (always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in *uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin

ui

ever

(always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in ✱uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin

ulunn

monster

1. *ulunn (deformed and hideous creature), pl. ylynn. (The archaic form ulund and the later form ulun_ is cited in LR:396 s.v. Ú

ulunn

monster

(deformed and hideous creature), pl. ylynn. *(The archaic form ulund and the later form ulun is cited in LR:396 s.v.*

wen

maiden

, see MAIDEN. The final element -wen in names means ”girl, maiden, virgin”.

êr

one

whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)

ín

his

(pronoun referring to the subject, e.g. ✱i venn sunc i haw ín ”the man drank his [own] juice”, as opposed to ✱i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his [= another’s] juice”)

úan

úlug

(pl. úain), 3) urug (bogey, orc), pl. yryg

úmarth

evil fate

(pl. úmerth).