in

pronoun. that

indon

conjunction. as

The correlative ᴹQ. indon “as” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of the relative pronoun ᴹQ. i and the similative suffix ᴹQ. -ndon.

ringwe

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as ᴹQ. ringwe “cold pool or lake (in mountains)” derived from the root ᴹ√RINGI “cold” (Ety/RINGI; EtyAC/RINGI). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road the form was given as ringe (LR/383), but this was corrected to ringwe by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/11).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. ringwe was glossed “rime, frost” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√RIŊI (QL/80). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, ᴱQ. ringwe was a noun for “cold” (PE16/145).

korin

noun. circular enclosure, circular enclosure, [ᴱQ.] great circular hedge

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “circular enclosure” under the root ᴹ√KOR “round” (Ety/KOR).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. korin “a circular enclosure, esp. on a hill-top, a dun, tún, or burg; city on a hill”, based on the early root ᴱ√KORO “be round, roll” (QL/48). In the contemporaneous Lost Tales, Tolkien described korin as “a great circular hedge, be it of stone or of thorn or even of trees, that encloses a green sward” (LT1/16).

min

cardinal. one

ringe

noun. cold, cold, *chill

aina

adjective. holy

sinome

adverb. here

mine

cardinal. one

sinis(se)

adverb. here

to

preposition. in

semel(de)

adverb. in few ways, in few respects

The correlative ᴹQ. semel(de) “in few ways, in few respects” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. sem(p)- “few” and ᴹQ. -l(de) “ways”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. semellë using the later suffix -llë.

atalta-

verb. to collapse, fall in, fall down, slip down in ruin

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “collapse, fall in”, an elaboration of ᴹQ. talta- “slope, slip, slide down” under the root ᴹ√TALAT “to slope, lean, tip” (Ety/TALÁT). The verb talta- seems to refer to the process of sliding down or collapsing, while atalta- is the completion of that process = “✱total collapse, falling into ruin”. The past tense atalante of this verb appeared in various versions of the Lament of Atalante and associated notes from the 1930s and 40s, with glosses like “down-fell”, “fell down” and “slip down in ruin” (LR/47; SD/247, 249).

enyáre

adverb. in that day

humpe Archaic

adverb. in the middle

imbe

adverb. in(wards)

lairesse nihare to tarassi, yu unta hrívesse landannar

in the summer I live in [i.e. on] the hills [as a rule], and come down to the plains in the winter

hiswa

adjective. grey, grey [of weather], *foggy, overcast; [ᴱQ.] dim, fading

This word is glossed “grey” in The Etymologies, but perhaps means “✱foggy, overcast”, since Sindarin cognate hethw means “foggy, obscure, vague” and related noun hiswë means “fog”. @@@

-on

suffix. masculine suffix

-we

suffix. masculine suffix

kuivie

noun. awakening

vaiwa

noun. wind

kuive

noun. awakening

neuna

adjective. second, second, *immediately following, next

ataltare

noun. collapse

A noun appearing as [ᴹQ.] ataltare “collapse” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948, a noun form of the verb atalta- (PE22/110). In Tolkien’s later writings, he used atalantë for “collapse” (MC/223).

úra

adjective. large

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “large” derived from the root ᴹ√UR “wide, large, great”, itself a revision of ᴹ√UR “be hot” (Ety/UR).

Neo-Quenya: Since √UR “heat” was restored in Tolkien’s later writings, I would not use the adjective úra for “large”.

ambor

noun. breast, breast, *chest

The word ᴹQ. ambor “breast” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, derived from ᴹ✶amƀus (PE21/33). This word shows the Early Qenya sound change whereby [[eq|final [s] became [r]]]; in Tolkien’s later writings this change applied mainly to intervocalic [s]. This word also had the unusual development of u to o in final syllables, a sound change Tolkien used for Quenya in the Declension of Nouns but nowhere else.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien gave ᴱQ. ambar “breast” with stems ambar- or ambas- (QL/30); the word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, but only with the stem ambas- (PME/30). ᴱQ. ambos was glossed “breast” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/136), and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, ᴱQ. ambos (ambost-) appeared as a word related to both ᴱN. bost “back, from shoulder to shoulder” and ᴱN. amoth “shoulder” (PE13/137, 139, 159), the latter with primitive forms ᴱ✶a-mbod-t’ (PE13/137) or ᴱ✶a-mbos-t (PE13/159).

ᴱQ. ambar reappeared in the phrase ᴱQ. níve qímari ringa ambar “the pale phantoms in her cold bosom” from the Oilima Markirya poem written around 1930. Early 1930s ᴹQ. ambor seems to be the last published iteration of this word, as discussed above.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. ambos (ambor-) “breast, chest” to fit better with later Quenya phonology. It might be an ancient combination of √AM “up” and ᴹ√OS “around”, perhaps with the original sense “upper enclosure (of the body)”.

númenya

adjective. western

An adjectival form of ᴹQ. númen “west” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/RŌ).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. numenda “western” based on ᴱQ. nūme “west” (QL/68), an adjective that also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/68).

qelet

noun. corpse

A noun for “corpse” in The Etymologies written around 1937 derived from primitive ᴹ✶kwelett- under the root ᴹ√KWEL “fade (away)” (Ety/KWEL). It had a plural form qeletsi indicating a stem form of qelets-, but that is inconsistent with its attested primitive form; its plural may instead be a conceptual remnant of the Early Qenya sound change whereby [[eq|[ti] became [tsi]]] (PE12/23).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. qelet “corpse” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√QELE “perish, die, decay, fade”, but there its stem form was qelekt- (QL/76). ᴹQ. qelet “corpse” reappeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, but there its stem form seems to be qelet- (PE21/33, 35). Its early 1930s nominative plural qeletsin also shows ti > tsi (PE21/35).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d assume a stem form quelett- (and plural queletti) consistent with its primitive form. If the stem form was quelets-, then the uninflected form would be ✱✱queles, since final -ts became -s (PE19/104).

vanta

noun. walk, walk, *hike, march

A noun for “a walk” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√BAT “tread” (Ety/BAT).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I assume ᴹ√BAT is for a “heavy walk” as opposed for √PAT for a “light walk” or “step”, so I would use vanta for an extended or serious walk, and thus including “✱hike” and “✱march”.

úrien

proper name. Summer

Another name for laire “summer” in drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices (PM/134). Its initial element seems to be Ûr “Sun”.

alda

noun. tree

are

noun. day

atan

noun. Man

enar

noun. tomorrow

esse

noun. place

fara-

verb. to hunt

i

article. the

laire

noun. summer

má

noun. hand

nome

noun. place

né

adverb. ago

nén

noun. water

númen

noun. west

sisse

pronoun. here

-dacil

2EaTj suffix. victor

>> Hyarmendacil, Romendacil, Umbardacil.

-el

suffix. friend

-ien

suffix. -land

-ndor

suffix. -land

-on

suffix. great

-ser

suffix. friend

aika

adjective. sharp

aire

noun. sea

helmo

noun. friend

hyelle

noun. glass

ia

adverb. ever

istya

noun. knowledge

kata

preposition. after

lai

adverb. very

laiqa

adjective. green

lanta-

verb. to fall

laure

noun. gold

lóna

adjective. dark

málo

noun. friend

o-

prefix. together

parma

noun. book

saira

adjective. wise

seron

noun. friend

sie

pronoun. here

sondo

noun. friend

símen

adverb. here

tana

that

tane

pronoun. that

telpe

noun. silver

ten

conjunction. for

tol

noun. island

vea

noun. sea

airen

noun. sea

ala

noun. day

anta

noun. face

earen

noun. sea

harya-

verb. to possess

helde

noun. friend

heldo

noun. friend

ista

noun. knowledge

istare

noun. knowledge

marta

adverb. home

nilmo

noun. friend

nisse

noun. woman

núme

noun. west

oi

adverb. ever

sermo

noun. friend

sis

adverb. here

símane

adverb. here

tyelpe

noun. silver

té

noun. path

veo Archaic

noun. man

wa-

prefix. together

ye

preposition. at

nyûna

adjective. second