Son of ᴹQ. Ingwe in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/156, LR/326). The name Ingwiel contains his father’s name as an element, though the function of the suffix -iel (often “daughter”) is unclear. See later Q. Ingwion for later developments.
Qenya
in
pronoun. that
ingweqenya
proper name. Ingweqenya
ingwiel
masculine name. Ingwiel
ingwelindar
collective name. Ingwelindar
ingil
masculine name. Ingil
ingwi
collective name. Ingwi
inyalemīne rāmar aldaron
inyalemīne rāmar aldaron
inyali ettulielle turme mārien
inyali ettulielle turme mārien
ingwemindon
place name. Tower of Ingwë
inimeite
adjective. *feminine
An unglossed word in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√INI “female” (Ety/INI), the equivalent of ᴹQ. hanuvoite and hence probably an adjective meaning “✱feminine”. This word is unusual in form, since [[q|[ei] generally became [ī]]] in Quenya, so the expected form is ✱inimíte.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. qimenoite “feminine, female”, adjectival form of ᴱQ. qin (qim-) “woman, female” (QL/77). This word reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists along with variant qimíte, both given after ᴱQ. qinya “female” and thus probably adjectives of similar meaning (PE16/135).
In drafts for the first version of Quenya Personal Pronouns (QPP1) from the late 1940s, Tolkien had various adjectival forms based on the root ᴹ√(G)ERE/(G)RÉ “bear, produce” such as ᴹQ. ríte “female, fem[inine]”, réte, réna, reana, or rénima (PE23/85, 87), but the relevant sections were rejected and there are no signs of the root ᴹ√RÉ in the revised text.
ingwe
masculine name. Prince of Elves
intyale
noun. imagination
inakilte
they bite him (being one of their number)
in(de)
conjunction. as, as much as
The correlative ᴹQ. in or inde “as, as much as” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of the relative pronoun ᴹQ. i and ᴹQ. -n(de) “degree”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. yandë “of the same degree as” using the relative pronoun ya more commonly used in declined forms in later writings, such as Q. yassë “where [relative]”.
inárea
as old as
The correlative ᴹQ. inárea “as old as” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of the relative pronoun ᴹQ. i and an adjectival form of ᴹQ. are “day”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would instead define a neologism ᴺQ. yanaurë “on the day when” using the relative pronoun ya and aurë; compare Q. yallumë “in times when”. I would then use its adjectival form ᴺQ. yanaurëa for “as old as”, more literally meaning “of the same days as”. For example: nás yanaurëa ní “he/she is as old as me, (lit.) he/she is of the same days as me”.
inya
adjective. female
An adjective for “female” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√INI “female” (Ety/INI).
Conceptual Development: In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, Tolkien gave a similar form ᴱQ. qinya “female”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. qin “woman” (PE16/135).
In drafts for the first version of Quenya Personal Pronouns (QPP1) from the late 1940s, Tolkien had various adjectival forms based on the root ᴹ√(G)ERE/(G)RÉ “bear, produce” such as ᴹQ. rea “female”, réna, or ᴹQ. ríte “female [of any kind]” (PE23/87), but the relevant sections were rejected and there are no signs of the root ᴹ√RÉ in the revised text.
indyalme
noun. clamour
A word appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as {ñalme >>} yalme or indyalme “clamour” derived from the root {ᴹ√ÑGAL(AM) >>} ᴹ√ÑGYAL(AM) “talk loud or incoherently” (Ety/ÑGAL; EtyAC/ÑGAL). The form indyalme can be explained as the result of the usual syllabification of initial ṇ̃ to iñ, and then the resulting ingy- becoming indy- because of how velars became dentals before y. The form yalme is more difficult to explain, however, since according to the contemporaneous Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1), initial ñgy became ñy and then ny (PE19/36). Thus the expected form would be ✱nyalme (†ñyalme).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I recommend using indyalme over yalme as more consistent with what Tolkien wrote on Quenya phonology. This is somewhat challenging, since in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, Christopher Tolkien gave only the form yalme (LR/377), and the form indyalme was not published until Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne’s Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies from 2004 (VT44/3). This makes the form indyalme more obscure that yalme, but I’d still recommend its use.
indyo
noun. grandchild, descendant, grandson, grandchild, descendant, grandson, *granddaughter
A noun for “grandchild, descendant” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√ÑGYO or ÑGYON of the same meaning (Ety/ÑGYO). The ndy in this word is because velars became dentals before ** in Ancient Quenya, so that ñgy > ndy. The word {indyo >>} inyo appeared with the gloss “grandson” in a deleted marginal noted by the entry for the root ᴹ√YO(N) “son” (EtyAC/YŌ), and indyo “grandson” appeared in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from both the 1930s (PE22/23) and 1940s (PE22/52). In these Feanorian Alphabet notes as well as in The Etymologies, the word indyo was the name of the tengwa 2Ô [ndy] (PE22/23, 52; EtyAC/ÑGYŌ).
Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. yondo was glossed “male descendant, usually (great) grandson” (QL/106), but in later writings yondo was used for “son”.
Neo-Quenya: It is possibly Tolkien intended indyo to be used only of male grandchildren, but since we have no word for “granddaughter”, I think it is best to assume it can be used for grandchildren (or indeed any descendant) of either gender for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
intin
pronoun. they (emphatic)
@@@ Regarding -n see “the final -m/n that sometimes appears at the end of object pronouns in pl. and belongs to them, not to the subject.” (PE22/94) as suggested by Aleksandr Zapragajev: gilruin.gitlab.io
indon
conjunction. as
The correlative ᴹQ. indon “as” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of the relative pronoun ᴹQ. i and the similative suffix ᴹQ. -ndon.
inikka
*as little as, as small as
The correlative ᴹQ. inikka appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of the relative pronoun ᴹQ. i and ᴹQ. -(n)ikka “small”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. yanicca “as little as, as small as” using the relative pronoun ya more commonly used in declined forms in later writings, such as Q. yassë “where [relative]”.
indis
feminine name. Bride
in(an)
conjunction. (relative) at the time mentioned, at the same time
inga
adjective. first
ingolonde
place name. Land of the Gnomes
inka
noun. idea
intya
noun. guess, supposition, idea, notion
intya-
verb. to guess, suppose
indis
noun. bride
indo
noun. heart, mood
ine
pronoun. the one who, the one that
ingole
noun. deep lore, magic
inie
pronoun. she, the woman referred to
inta
pronoun. *their (emphatic possessive)
intin eldalin
they (are or were) (some) Elves
inya
pronoun. my (emphatic possessive), my
inya atarenna
to my father
inye
pronoun. I (emphatic)
ina
the one that; the fact (that)
inakilthe
they bite him [other]
inis
conjunction. where [relative]
ino
pronoun. he, the man referred to
inya karie·te
I am to (have to) make it
inárea ní
as old as I am
inér e·qentes
it was he (the man) who said {that >>} it
hrimindon
adverb. *in many fashions
The correlative ᴹQ. hrimindon appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. hrim- “many” and the similative suffix -ndon.
enyáre tar i tyel, íre anarinya qeluva
in that day beyond the end, when my Sun faileth
minna
preposition/adverb. into, to the inside
minta
preposition/adverb. inwards, (?into)
tinde
noun. glint
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “a glint” derived from the root ᴹ√TIN “sparkle, emit slender (silver pale) beams” (Ety/TIN).
nyarna valinóren
proper name. Annals of Valinor
valinórelúmien
proper name. Annals of Valinor
yénie valinóren
proper name. Annals of Valinor
ninya
pronoun. my (emphatic possessive), my [independent possessive]; [ᴺQ.] mine
sindon
adverb. like this
A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. si “this” and the similative suffix ᴹQ. -ndon.
-ina
suffix. adjective suffix; passive participle
min
cardinal. one
minya
ordinal. first
sinta
adjective. short
tinko
noun. metal
ikkin
pronoun. you (emphatic plural familiar)
kalina
adjective. light
lingwe
noun. fish
sinome
adverb. here
wilwarin
noun. butterfly
ha inya karite
I am to (have to) make it
mine
cardinal. one
sinis(se)
adverb. here
toina
adjective. [unglossed]
varinye
noun. [unglossed]
to
preposition. in
(a)láqalde
adverb. in no way, by no method, nohow
A correlative combination appearing as {láqalde >>} ᴹQ. (a)láqalde “in no way, by no method, nohow” in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. láqa “none” and ᴹQ. -l(de) “way”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. allë “in no way” using later ᴹQ. alla “none” also from DRC, along with the later suffix -llë.
hrimilde
adverb. in many ways
The correlative ᴹQ. hrimilde “in many ways” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. hrim- “many” and ᴹQ. -l(de) “ways”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would adapt this to ᴺQ. rímaro “for many reasons” using rim- “many” and the later suffix -llë.
lilde
adverb. in many ways
The correlative ᴹQ. lilde “in many ways” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. li(n)- “several, many” and ᴹQ. -l(de) “ways”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. lillë “in many ways” using the later suffix -llë.
mal(de)
adverb. how, in what manner
The correlative ᴹQ. mal or malde “how, in what manner” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of interrogative ᴹQ. ma and ᴹQ. -l(de) “way, manner”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. manallë “somehow, in some way” using the later suffix Q. -llë.
ol(de)
adverb. *in the identical way
The correlatives ᴹQ. olde, ol, or onal(de) appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. on- “identical” and ᴹQ. -l(de) “ways”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. imallë “in the identical way” using im- “same” and the later suffix -llë.
qalde
adverb. *in all ways
The correlative ᴹQ. qalde or qaqil(de) appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. qa(qe)- “all” and ᴹQ. -l(de) “ways”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. illë “in all ways” using il- “all” and the later suffix -llë.
sal(de)
adverb. *in that way (mentioned)
The correlatives ᴹQ. salde or sal appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. sa “that [anaphoric]” and ᴹQ. -l(de) “way”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. sallë “in that way (mentioned)” using the later suffix Q. -llë.
semel(de)
adverb. in few ways, in few respects
The correlative ᴹQ. semel(de) “in few ways, in few respects” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. sem(p)- “few” and ᴹQ. -l(de) “ways”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. semellë using the later suffix -llë.
umalde
adverb. somehow, *in some way
The correlative ᴹQ. umalde “somehow” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. uma- “some” and ᴹQ. -l(de) “way”, so more literally “✱in some way”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. umallë “somehow, in some way” using the later suffix Q. -llë.
alande
adverb. to no degree, in no way
A correlative combination in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. alla “none” and ᴹQ. -n(de) “degree”.
arwa
possessing, having, in control of
An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “in control of, possessing” said to be used with the genitive, appearing under the root ᴹ√GAR (Ety/GAR). Presumably its use would be something like atan arwa malto “a man possessing of gold (malta)”. It also functioned as a suffix, as in ᴹQ. aldarwa “having trees, tree-grown”, for example aldarwa ambo “a tree-grown hill, a hill having trees”. Drafts of this entry first translated it as a noun meaning “possessions, belongings, wealth”, revised to a suffix meaning “having, possessing, holding, controlling”, before reaching its final iteration (EtyAC/GAR). Notes on the Feanorian Alphabet also mentioned this adjective as a name for the sign 6é or 7é (r+w), translated “having, possessing” in the 1930s (PE22/23) and “possessing” in the 1940s (PE22/52).
manome(s)
adverb. in what place
A correlatives appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of interrogative ᴹQ. ma and ᴹQ. nome “place”.
umanar(yas)
adverb. someday; in a certain day
The correlatives ᴹQ. umanar “someday” and um(an)aryas “in a certain day” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109), a combination of ᴹQ. uma- “some” and ᴹQ. -ar(yas) “day”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. umaurë “someday” using Q. aurë “day”.
essea
adjective. in place, local
A (rejected) word appearing as ᴹQ. essea “in place, local” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, an adjectival form of the word ᴹQ. esse “place” under the root ᴹ√ES (EtyAC/ES). The entry and its derivatives were revised to words having to do with names.
Neo-Quenya: I would update this word to ᴺQ. nómëa “local” based on later Q. nómë “place”. Sami Paldanius instead suggested ᴺQ. nómessëa “local”, a formation based on the locative.
hapandon
adverb. in the same style
A correlative combination in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. hap- “about the same” and the similative suffix ᴹQ. -ndon.
hrimis(se)
adverb. *in many places
The correlative ᴹQ. hrimis(se) appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. hrim- “many” and the locative suffix -sse.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would adapt this to ᴺQ. rimissë “in many places” using rim- “many” to be more compatible with Tolkien’s later writings.
ilqas(se)
adverb. in the whole region
A correlative combination in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. ilqa “the whole” and the locative suffix ᴹQ. -sse.
lisse
adverb. *in many places
The correlative ᴹQ. lisse or lilis(se) appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. li(n)- “several, many” and the locative suffix ᴹQ. -sse.
onandon
adverb. in identical fashion
A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. on- “identical” and the similative suffix -ndon.
qa(qe)nde
adverb. in all ways, to every extent
The correlative ᴹQ. qande or qaqende “in all ways, to every extent” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. qa(qe)- “every” and ᴹQ. -n(de) “extent”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. ilindë “in all degrees, to every extent” using il- “all”.
qa(qe)ndon
adverb. *in all fashions
A correlative combination appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. qa(qe)- “all” and the similative suffix ᴹQ. -ndon.
semendon
adverb. *in a few fashions
A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. sem(p)- “few” and the similative suffix -ndon.
semesse
adverb. *in few places
A correlatives appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. sem(p)- “few” and the locative suffix -sse.
yanar(yas)
adverb. in those days of yore
A correlatives appearing as yanar or yanaryas in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109), a combination of ᴹQ. ya “yonder” and ᴹQ. -ar(yas) “day”.
-l(de)
suffix. like, in the same way/manner
-sse
suffix. in, at, on; locative
enyáre
adverb. in that day
imbe
adverb. in(wards)
mi
preposition. in, within
mitta-
verb. to insert; to come in
ondor
place name. in Gondor
sil(de)
adverb. so, in this way, like this
en
there, yonder, far away; look yon(der); that; in that (future) case
@@@ es might be an assimilated form as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (QQ/es)
pusta
noun. stop, in punctuation full stop, stop, *halt, pause; full stop (in punctuation),
ú-
prefix. not, un-, in-
úvea
adjective. abundant, in very great number, very large
humpe
adverb. in the middle
lairesse nihare to tarassi, yu unta hrívesse landannar
in the summer I live in [i.e. on] the hills [as a rule], and come down to the plains in the winter
lilis(se)
adverb. *in many places
onal(de)
adverb. *in the identical way
qaqil(de)
adverb. *in all ways
semen(n)ome
adverb. *in few places
sempasse
adverb. *in few places
sennome
adverb. *in few places
yanan né
in those days of yore
meneste
noun. intention
A noun for “intention” appearing in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 as a combination of the verb [ᴹQ.] men- “intend” and the “general action suffix” -ste (PE22/110).
Neo-Quenya: Tolkien removed the sense “intend” from the verb men-, altering its meaning to “go, proceed” instead (PE22/103 note #20). In Common Eldarin: Verb Structure (EVS2), this general action suffix became -sta (PE22/137 and note #40). I would therefore adapt this noun as ᴺQ. mínasta “intention, ✱goal, destination” based on the verb mína- “desire to go in some direction” (VT39/11).
talta
noun. incline
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “an incline” derived from the root ᴹ√TALAT “to slope, lean, tip” (Ety/TALÁT).
ma
adverb. interrogative particle
mitta
preposition/adverb. inwards, (?into)
mitya
adjective. interior
siule
noun. incitement
wilma
noun. inner or lower air
-ma
suffix. instrumental
-nen
suffix. instrumental
an-
prefix. intensive prefix
aule
noun. invention
handasse
noun. intelligence
handele
noun. intellect
un-/um-
prefix. intensive prefix with evil sense
é
interjection. indeed
hont
adverb. inwards
mittande
noun. infixion, insertion
nuqerna
adjective. inverted
panya-
verb. to fix, set, to fix, set; [ᴱQ.] to plan, arrange, intend, mean
A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fix, set” under from the root ᴹ√PAN “place, set, fix in place” (Ety/PAN).
Conceptual Development: The verb ᴱQ. panya- “plan, arrange, intend, mean” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s was based on the similar the early root ᴱ√PANA “arrange” (QL/72).
Neo-Quenya: Since √PAN also meant “arrange” in Tolkien’s later writings, I would use panya- for both “fix, set” and “plan, arrange”, but for “intend, mean” I would instead use ᴺQ. selya-.
hiswa
adjective. grey, grey [of weather], *foggy, overcast; [ᴱQ.] dim, fading
This word is glossed “grey” in The Etymologies, but perhaps means “✱foggy, overcast”, since Sindarin cognate hethw means “foggy, obscure, vague” and related noun hiswë means “fog”. @@@
kim-
verb. to find, to find; [ᴱQ.] to heed
In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien gave ᴱQ. kim- “heed” as related to G. gima- “hear” (GL/38), probably based on an (unattested) early root ✱ᴱ√GIMI since initial g became k in Early Qenya. In the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 Tolkien instead had ᴹQ. kim- “find” as a replacement for ᴹQ. tuv- (PE22/108 note #50, PE22/125), but this seems to have been transient since tuv- was restored in The Lord of the Rings.
Neo-Quenya: I would keep ᴺQ. cim- as “to heed” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, since this is the closest to a verb for “obey” that we have in Quenya.
narta-
verb. to kindle, to kindle, *ignite, inflame, set fire to
A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s for “kindle” derived from the root ᴹ√NARTA of the same meaning (EtyAC/NARTA). This root is probably just a causative verb formation from ᴹ√NAR “flame, fire”, more literally “✱make fire”. Hence I think this verb can be used in the general sense of “✱ignite, inflame, set fire to”, etc.
panta
adjective. open, open, [ᴱQ.] wide, spreading
salqe
noun. grass, grass, [ᴱQ.] long mowing grass
A noun for “grass” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from ᴹ✶SALÁK-(WĒ) (Ety/SALÁK).
Conceptual Development: The noun ᴱQ. salki “grass” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa derived from the early root ᴱ√SḶKḶ (QL/84; PME/84), but it was -salke in ᴱQ. Andesalke “Africa, Long Grass” (QL/31; PME/31). ᴱQ. salqe appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s as a cognate to ᴱN. halb “grass, long mowing grass” (PE13/147).
venesse
noun. virginity
-nye
suffix. I
a
pronoun. it, one, indefinite subject
mir
preposition/adverb. to the inside, into
nér
noun. man, adult male (of any kindred: elf, human or dwarf)
auta-
verb. to invent, originate, devise
handa
adjective. understanding, intelligent
hir-
verb. to find
lepse
noun. finger
men-
verb. to aim at; to wish, mean, intend
nause
noun. imagination
nis
noun. woman (of any kindred: elf, human or dwarf)
nwalma
noun. pain
orto
noun. mountain-top
penda
adjective. sloping down, inclined
ta
pronoun. it (3rd sg. inanimate)
talta
adjective. sloping, tilted, leaning
tel-
verb. to intend, mean
tengwe
noun. writing
tuv-
verb. to find
vaiwa
noun. wind
vakse
noun. stain
let
noun. finger
-nie
suffix. female
A feminizing suffix for pronominal forms in Quenya Personal Pronouns (QPP1) from the late 1940s (PE23/102), so that for example mane “who (neutral)” could become manie “who (female)” and ane “someone” could become anie “someone (female)”. It is probably based on the contemporaneous feminine primitive suffix ✶-eye. The suffix -nie replaced a rejected variant -re (PE23/102 note #37).
ambor
noun. breast, breast, *chest
The word ᴹQ. ambor “breast” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, derived from ᴹ✶amƀus (PE21/33). This word shows the Early Qenya sound change whereby [[eq|final [s] became [r]]]; in Tolkien’s later writings this change applied mainly to intervocalic [s]. This word also had the unusual development of u to o in final syllables, a sound change Tolkien used for Quenya in the Declension of Nouns but nowhere else.
Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien gave ᴱQ. ambar “breast” with stems ambar- or ambas- (QL/30); the word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, but only with the stem ambas- (PME/30). ᴱQ. ambos was glossed “breast” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/136), and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, ᴱQ. ambos (ambost-) appeared as a word related to both ᴱN. bost “back, from shoulder to shoulder” and ᴱN. amoth “shoulder” (PE13/137, 139, 159), the latter with primitive forms ᴱ✶a-mbod-t’ (PE13/137) or ᴱ✶a-mbos-t (PE13/159).
ᴱQ. ambar reappeared in the phrase ᴱQ. níve qímari ringa ambar “the pale phantoms in her cold bosom” from the Oilima Markirya poem written around 1930. Early 1930s ᴹQ. ambor seems to be the last published iteration of this word, as discussed above.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. ambos (ambor-) “breast, chest” to fit better with later Quenya phonology. It might be an ancient combination of √AM “up” and ᴹ√OS “around”, perhaps with the original sense “upper enclosure (of the body)”.
ankale
proper name. Radiant-one, Sun, (lit.) The Very Bright
falle
noun. foam
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “foam” derived from the root ᴹ√PHAL of the same meaning (Ety/PHAL).
harna-
verb. to wound
A verb for “to wound” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√SKAR “tear, rend” (Ety/SKAR).
ilma
proper name. Starlight
This name first appeared in Silmarillion drafts from the early 1930s as ᴹQ. Silma >> Ilma >> Ilmen as a name for the “Place of Light”, home of the stars (SM/240-1). It reappeared in the mid-30s as a word for “Starlight” (LR/205), and also appeared in The Etymologies as a derivative of ᴹ√GIL, alongside (and perhaps an element of) Ilmen “region above air where stars are” (Ety/GIL).
ilumíre
proper name. Silmaril
lapse
noun. babe
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “babe” derived from the root ᴹ√LAP (Ety/LAP). The root was unglossed in The Etymologies, but in notes both before and after the 1930s this root had glosses like “enfold” and “fold”, so perhaps lapse meant something like “✱swaddled one”; hat-tip to Lokyt for this suggestion.
lipsa
noun. soap
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “soap” and derived from primitive ᴹ✶libda under the root ᴹ√LIB having to do with ointments (Ety/LIB²). Here the ps is the result of bd unvoicing to pt and then pt becoming to ps.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. poime (poimi-) “soap” (though the word was marked with a “?” by Tolkien) under the early root ᴱ√POYO having to do with cleanliness (QL/75).
Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing, [[q|[pt] becoming to [ɸt]]], spelled pt but pronounced more like ft. As such this word should have developed into ✱lipta [liɸta] in the Quenya phonology of the 1950s and 60s. I prefer to retain 1930s lipsa, perhaps as an abnormal phonetic development. If you don’t like either of these, 1910s poimë “soap” also remains viable, since ᴹ√POY “clean” survived in Tolkien’s later writing (Ety/POY).
marre
adverb. at home
A pair of locative variants marre, marye from the Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s, the first derived from ᴹ✶mardasē, and the second from ᴹQ. mar “house” + ᴹQ. ye “at” (PE21/27).
Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing, the sound changes producing marre from ᴹ✶mardasē are rather dubious, but I think ᴺQ. maryë “at home” might remain viable as an abstract adverbial form. I would also use maryë in the sense “✱indoors”, inspired by ᴱQ. indoite “at home, indoors” (QL/43).
morko
noun. bear
nahta
noun. bite
A noun for “a bite” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NAK of the same meaning (Ety/NAK).
namba
noun. hammer
A noun for “a hammer” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NDAM “hammer, beat” (Ety/NDAM). Tolkien wrote an l/ above this word, possibly indicating a variant form lamba (EtyAC/NDAM). This variant is consistent with the alternate form of the root: ᴹ√DAM (EtyAC/NDAM). I would stick to namba “hammer” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. artan (artam-) or tartan “hammer” (QL/32), the second variant also appearing with a stem form tartam- under the early root ᴱ√TARA(MA) “to batter, thud, beat” (QL/89). Other early “hammer” words include ᴱQ. petl “hammer” under the early root ᴱ√PETE (QL/73) and ᴱQ. tonga “a great hammer” under the early root ᴱ√TOŊO “to hammer” (QL/94).
narmo
noun. wolf
A noun for “wolf” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√ÑGARAM (Ety/ÑGAR(A)M), apparently a variant of ᴹ√ÑGAW “howl”. It seems narmo is a word for an ordinary wolf, as opposed to nauro “werewolf”.
Conceptual Development: A similar (but rejected) form ᴹQ. harma “wolf” appeared under the deleted root ᴹ√ƷARAM (Ety/ƷARAM).
nisíte
adjective. womanly
An adjective for “womanly” based on √NIS “woman” appearing in notes from the late 1940s (PE23/87). The actual form given was nizíte. Ordinarily [[q|[z] became [r]]] in modern Quenya, but I think it is possible this word instead of dissimilated back to nisíte to make it more distinct from neríte “manly”. Conceptual Development: The word for “womanly” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s was ᴱQ. anaina, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. anai “woman” (QL/31).
A word for {“a woman” >>} “womanl[y]” in Gnomish Lexicon Slips of the 1910s appearing with variants venă and [ven]in, derived from primitive ᴱ✶u̯enı̯ā̆́- (PE13/118). A similar adjective ᴹQ. wenda “female” < ᴹ√WEN in the 1940s notes mentioned, but this adjective was deleted, presumably replaced by nizíte “womanly” (PE23/87 note #83).
noldomír(e)
proper name. Silmaril
nuru
noun. death, death [abstract]
A word for “death” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√ÑGUR, where Tolkien said its personification was Mandos (Ety/ÑGUR). Tolkien also use this word as “death” in the phrase ᴹQ. núruhuine méne lumna “death-shadow on-us is-heavy” (LR/47, 56; SD/310).
Conceptual Development: A possible precursor to this word is ᴱQ. urdu “death” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√GWṚÐṚ “die” (QL/104), given as a cognate to G. gurthu in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/43). A variant of this form seems to have been briefly restored in Quenya prayers from the 1950s as incomplete urtulm..., probably Q. urtu with a possessive suffix, but this was quickly replaced by Q. fírië “death” (VT43/27, 34).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use the word nuru for death as an abstract force or concept (Death), as opposed to the death of individuals which would be fírie (if natural or peaceful) or [ᴹQ.] qualme (if undesired or painful). This is the way its cognate [N.] guru was used (Ety/WAN).
rauta
noun. metal
A noun for “metal” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√RAUTĀ of the same meaning (Ety/RAUTĀ). In that document, its Noldorin cognate was the basis for the second element of the names Finrod, Angrod and Damrod. In Tolkien’s later writings the second element of these names were based on S. raud “noble”. For purposes of Neo-Quenya I think it’s better to stick to Q. tinco “metal” from Appendix F of The Lord of the Rings.
ráka
noun. wolf
A noun for “wolf” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶d’rāk under the root ᴹ√DARAK (Ety/DARÁK), where the ancient initial dr became r as usual for Quenya (PE19/37).
Conceptual Development: Earlier words for “wolf” of similar form include ᴱQ. ulku and feminine ᴱQ. ulqi “she-wolf” appearing in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√ULUKU (QL/97).
toron
noun. brother
A noun for “brother” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√TOR of the same meaning, with a somewhat irregular plural torni (Ety/TOR). Its stem form is torn-, since with most inflected forms the Quenya syncope comes into play and the second o is lost.
Neo-Quenya: In notes from the late 1960s, Tolkien introduced a new word háno for “brother” (VT47/14). However, I think toron might be retained to mean a “metaphorical brother”, a close male associate who may or may not be related by blood, as with such words as melotorni “love-brother, ✱close male friend” or ᴹQ. otorno “sworn brother”. In this sense, háno would be limited to biological relationships, but toron would refer to brotherly (or brother-like) affection.
tópa
noun. roof
A noun for “roof” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TOP “cover, roof” (Ety/TOP).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had a similar form ᴱQ. túpo “roof, cover, lid” under the early root ᴱ√TUPU (QL/95), with just the gloss “roof” in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/95). It also had a couple of other unrelated words: ᴱQ. tel (teld-) “roof” and ᴱQ. telin (telimb-) “roof, covering” both derived from the early root ᴱ√TELE (QL/90).
aman
noun. bond
A noun glossed “bond” in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, of unclear origin (PE21/33-34).
vista
place name. Air
Name for the region of Air in Silmarillion notes from the 1930s (SM/236). It is simply vista “air as substance” used as a name.
úrien
proper name. Summer
nyarna valarianden
proper name. Annals of Beleriand
Quenya name of the Annals of Beleriand from Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/202), a combination of nyarna “tale” and the genitive of Valariande, Quenya name of Beleriand.
are
noun. day
atan
noun. Man
elda
noun. Elf
he
pronoun. they
i
article. the
i
pronoun. that, what (relative pronoun)
isse
conjunction. where [relative]
laire
noun. summer
má
noun. hand
né
adverb. ago
nén
noun. water
sisse
pronoun. here
tasse
adverb. there
-voite
suffix. adjective suffix
(a)ranya
adjective. free
-(n)ikka
suffix. small
-el
suffix. friend
-rasta
suffix. twelve
-ser
suffix. friend
-ya
suffix. adjective suffix
aika
adjective. sharp
aire
noun. sea
airen
noun. sea
ala
noun. day
amil
noun. mother
amme
noun. mother
an(a)
preposition. to, towards
ana-
prefix. to, towards
anda
adjective. long
ando
adverb. long
atar
noun. father
ehte
noun. spear
elen
noun. star
engwa
?. [unglossed]
enna
adjective. first
esse
noun. name
esta
adjective. first
esta-
verb. to name
faire
noun. radiance
felya
noun. cave
hamma
noun. chair
handa
noun. chair
helde
noun. friend
heldo
noun. friend
helme
noun. friendship
helmo
noun. friend
ho
preposition. from
hu
noun. howl
hyelma
?. [unglossed]
hó
noun. shout
istya
noun. knowledge
kala
noun. light
kaltua
?. [unglossed]
kanda
noun. [unglossed]
kata
preposition. after
kotumo
noun. enemy
káno
noun. chief
lai
adverb. very
laiqa
adjective. green
laire
noun. poem
lamba
noun. tongue
lanta-
verb. to fall
lau(w)e
?. [unglossed]
laure
noun. gold
le
pronoun. you
loa
noun. year
lóna
adjective. dark
lúmie
noun. annals
mahtya
?. [unglossed]
mai(y)a
noun. [unglossed]
maiwe
noun. gull
marta
adverb. home
mende
noun. will
mirima
adjective. free
mitsa
adjective. small
málo
noun. friend
ména
noun. region
nahta-
verb. to slay
nalláma
noun. echo
nandakka-
verb. [unglossed]
nande
noun. harp
nauro
noun. werewolf
nerno
?. [unglossed]
nessa
adjective. young
nilme
noun. friendship
nilmo
noun. friend
noldo
proper name. one of the wise folk, Gnome
norto
noun. horror
nyelle
noun. bell
ná-
verb. to be
nóle
noun. wisdom
nóte
noun. number
o-
prefix. together
olor
noun. dream
olta-
verb. [unglossed]
onna
noun. creature
opto
noun. back
osse
noun. terror
pé
noun. mouth
qen
noun. Elf
qende
noun. Elf
rampa
?. [unglossed]
ravanda
noun. wilderness
rea
noun/adjective. female
se
pronoun. they
sermo
noun. friend
seron
noun. friend
sie
pronoun. here
silmaril
proper name. Silmaril
sondo
noun. friend
soron
noun. eagle
séra
?. [unglossed]
símen
adverb. here
sóla
?. [unglossed]
tana
that
tane
pronoun. that
tanna
adverb. thither
tek-
verb. to write, to write, [ᴱQ.] write on; to mark
telpe
noun. silver
ten
conjunction. for
thar-
verb. [unglossed]
toi
pronoun. they
toróma
noun. [unglossed]
ulunde
noun. flood, flood, *downpour
ve
preposition. with
vea
noun. sea
veo
noun. man
vesse
noun. wife
wenda
adjective. female
ye
preposition. at
ye-
verb. to be
yelme
noun. [unglossed]
yén
noun. year
yénie
noun. annals
él
noun. star
rille Speculative
noun. brilliance
a
preposition. [unglossed]
alama
noun. [unglossed]
amaldume
noun. [unglossed]
anaristya
noun. [unglossed]
anda né
long ago
anto
noun. mouth
assa
pronoun. [unglossed]
asse
pronoun. [unglossed]
asso
pronoun. [unglossed]
earen
noun. sea
elena
noun. star
ellen
noun. star
ente
pronoun. [unglossed]
ento
pronoun. [unglossed]
ereáma
?. [unglossed]
es
[unglossed]
is
conjunction. where [relative]
ista
noun. knowledge
istare
noun. knowledge
karpalimaite
noun. [unglossed]
lamba
noun. hammer
laqe[t]-
verb. [unglossed]
maldo
noun. [unglossed]
marye
adverb. at home
na
preposition. to, towards
nisse
noun. woman
niule
?. [unglossed]
nizíte
adjective. womanly
nulda
adjective. secret
númenya
adjective. western
olar
noun. dream
onya
the same, the identical
ranya
adjective. free
rasko
noun. horn
sahte
noun. [unglossed]
sarya
noun. [unglossed]
sis
adverb. here
sisíria-
verb. [unglossed]
sorne
noun. eagle
símane
adverb. here
tante
noun. [unglossed]
tas
adverb. there
tatalta-
verb. [unglossed]
teuka
?. [unglossed]
ti
pronoun. they
timpana
noun. [unglossed]
tormen
noun. north
tyelpe
noun. silver
tyue
noun. [unglossed]
untamo
noun. enemy
vestale
noun. oath
wa-
prefix. together
yalme
noun. clamour
éma
?. [unglossed]
A term for the dialect of Qenya spoken in the house of Ingwe appearing in linguistic notes from the 1930s (LR/172, 193), it is simply a combination of the name of the Elf-lord prepended to the language.