ú

prefix. no, not (negative prefix or particle)

úbed

suffix. úbed

_ suff. & verbal stem (quasi-participle in aorist mode) _not saying. >> ú-, ped

únod

suffix. únod

_ suff. & verbal stem (quasi-participle in aorist mode) _not (ever) counting. >> ú-

úlal

suffix. 'not laugthing'

_ suff. & verbal stem (quasi-participle in aorist mode) _lit. 'not laugthing', serious. >> ú-

únodui

adjective. countless

adj. countless. >> ú-, -ui

úvedin

soft mut

soft mut. of úmedin v. & pron. suff. I do not eat. >> -n, ú-, úmedin

úvel

soft mut

soft mut. of úmel _ suff. & verbal stem (quasi-participle in aorist mode) _lit. 'not loving', enemy, inimical. >> ú-, úmel

urui

noun. August, *Hot-one

úthaes

noun. inducement to do wrong, *temptation

ulunn

noun. monster, deformed and hideous creature

urui

noun/adjective. the month of august

úbedui

adjective. not fit to say, unspeakable

únodui

adjective. countless

úthaes

noun. inducement to do wrong, temptation

úvelui

adjective. not amiable, unloveable

úmarth

masculine name. Ill-fate

A pseudonym Túrin gave for his father’s name while in Nargothrond, translated “Ill-fate” (S/210), a combination of the negative prefix ú- and amarth “fate” (SA/amarth).

uial

noun. twilight

_ n. _twilight. Q. úyale, yúyal.

ú-

~M prefix. negates the sense of the following word

pref. negates the sense of the following word. Applied to all classes of words but especially to verbs and adjectives. Prefixed to verbal stems (without further suffix), it forms quasi-participles in aorist mode (e.g. únod not ever counting, _úbed _not saying). The continuative participle ol can be added in order to express a strictly present (and continuative) sense : úgarol 'not now doing or making', idling vs. ugar '(generally) idle'. There is no sens of 'without' attaching to ú- in Sindarin, see pen- (ben-). >> pen-, úland, úlann

úbedui

adjective. 'not fit to say'

_ adj. _lit. 'not fit to say', unspeakable. >> ú-, -ui, ped****

úgal

suffix. 'not shining'

_ suff. & verbal stem (quasi-participle in aorist mode) _lit. 'not shining', dark. >> ú-

úgar

verb. he does not do

_ v. _he does not do (make). >> ú-

úgarol

suffix. idle

suff. & verbal stem (quasi-participle in aorist mode) & continuative part. (generally) idle. >> ú-, úgarol

úlan

adjective. 'not broad'

_ adj. _lit. 'not broad', narrow. >> ú-

úland

adjective. 'not broad'

_ adj. _lit. 'not broad', narrow. >> ú-

úlann

adjective. 'not broad'

_ adj. _lit. 'not broad', narrow. >> ú-

úmedin

suffix. I do not eat

v. & pron. suff. I do not eat. >> -n, ú-, úvedin

úmel

suffix. 'not loving'

_ suff. & verbal stem (quasi-participle in aorist mode) _lit. 'not loving', enemy, inimical. >> ú-, úvel

únen

suffix. I did not

_ v. & pron. suff. _I did not. Could be used with bare verbs. >> -n, ú-, uin

úvelui

prefix. not amiable

pref. & verbal stem & suff. not amiable, unloveable. >> ú-, -ui

úchebin

suffix. I do not retain

v. & 1st sg. suff. I do not retain.  úchebin estel anim 'I don't keep hope for myself'.

ú-

prefix. no, not, negative; impossible, no, not, negative; impossible; [N.] bad-

û

adverb/interjection. no, not, no, not, [G.] nor

ui

adverb. ever

ú-chebin estel anim

I have kept no hope for myself

úgarth

noun. trespass, *(lit.) misdeed

úlan(n)

adjective. narrow, (lit.) not broad

ui-

prefix. ever

û

interjection. no

adv. or interj. no, not (of fact).

uial

noun. twilight

urui

noun/adjective. hot

ú-

prefix. impossible

úgarol

adjective. not now doing or making, idling

úgarth

noun. bad deed, sin, trespass

úland

adjective. narrow, (lit.) not broad

baur

soft mut

soft mut. of paur >> Celebrimbor

vedui

soft mut

soft mut. of medui

maud

?. [unglossed]

graug

noun. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon

madu

?. [unglossed]

raug

noun. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon

naur

noun. fire, fire, [N.] flame

The basic Sindarin word for “fire”, derived from the root √NAR of the same meaning (LotR/942; PE17/38) and very well attested. It is derived from primitive ✱nār- since primitive long ā became au in Sindarin. It appeared as N. naur “flame” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the same derivation (Ety/NAR). As a suffix it usually reduces to -nor, since au usually becomes o in polysyllables. As a prefix, though, it is often Nar- before consonant clusters, no doubt because the ancient long ā was shortened before it could become au.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, the word for “fire” was G. sâ with archaic form †sai (GL/66) clearly based on the early root ᴱ√SAH(Y)A “be hot” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Sári; QL/81). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, the word for “fire” was ᴱN. byr or buir from primitive ᴱ✶ [mburyē] (PE13/139). Tolkien introduced naur in The Etymologies of the 1930s and stuck with it thereafter.

-ruin

suffix. fire

suff. #fire. Q. ruine. >> Angruin

iaun

adjective. large

adj. large, extensive, wide, vast, huge. Q. yāna-. >> -ion

naur

fire

_ n. fire. naur an edraith ammen! _'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. Q. nár. >> Sammath Naur

raug

demon

n. demon. Q. rauca. >> Balrog

thu

bad

_adj. _bad. >> thugar. This gloss was rejected.

annui

adjective. western

ú

without

(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad *”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

ú

without

u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad ✱”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

ú

not

(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (followed by lenition, e.g. ú-chebin ”I do not keep”) (without). Verb

ú

not

u- (followed by lenition, e.g. ú-chebin ”

ulu

ulmo

but ”usually” this Vala was called Guiar or **Uiar **(LR:392 s.v.

úan

úlug

(pl. úain), 3) urug (bogey, orc), pl. yryg

údommen

adjective. undiscovered, secret

úan

lug)

_, 2) úan (pl. úain), 3) urug (bogey, orc), pl. yryg

úgan(n)

adjective. gutless, faint-hearted, diffident

úlam

adjective. dumb, unable to speak, (lit.) untongued

úlren

adjective. odorous

urui

august

únod-

verb. to untie, undo, unloose

úlú

adverb. at no time, never

← ú- “no, not” + lû “time, occasion”, cp. Q. illumë *‘allways’.

In a conceptual predecessor of the Sindarin, Gnomish, the language had a feature called negative concord, meaning that two negatives affirm each other rather than cancelling out (similarly to the English “I didn’t do nothing” which denies involvement in a particular situation instead of confirming it). Thus an example sentence for this word could be:

• i·hîr ú·dhar úlú. ‘The river never stops.’

uilaw

 adverb. never

S. adverb. Ui "ever" + Law "not", Ever + Not, which is the etymology for "never" in many Indo-European languages.

gú

no, not

also ú

gú

no, not

gú-, also ú-

ui

ever

ui (always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in *uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin

ui

ever

(always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in ✱uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin

uial

twilight

1) uial (pl. uiail if there is a pl.). This can be specified as: 1) (morning twilight) minuial (i vinuial) (dawn, morrowdim), pl. minuiail (i minuiail). 2) (second twilight, before nightfall) aduial (evendim, the time of evening when the stars come out), pl. aduiail. Other terms for twilight: 1) tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl. 2) muil (i vuil) (dreariness, shadow, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)

ulunn

monster

1) *ulunn (deformed and hideous creature), pl. ylynn. (The archaic form ulund and the later form ulun_ is cited in LR:396 s.v. Ú

ulunn

monster

(deformed and hideous creature), pl. ylynn. *(The archaic form ulund and the later form ulun is cited in LR:396 s.v.*

um

bad

um (evil), pl. ym. David Salo would read *ûm with a long vowel. (According to VT46:20, it may be that um is intended as a base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word.)

um

bad

(evil), pl. ym. David Salo would read ✱ûm with a long vowel. *(According to VT46:20, it may be that um is intended as a base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word.)*

um

evil

(bad), pl. ym (or uim?) (David Salo would read ✱ûm with a long vowel. According to VT46:20, it may be that Tolkien intended um as a primitive base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word; the word ogol may therefore be preferred.)

úgarth

ill deed

(sin), pl. úgerth (VT44:23)

úgarth

sin

*úgarth (ill deed), pl. úgerth (VT44:23)

úgarth

sin

(ill deed), pl. úgerth (VT44:23)

úgarth

ill deed

*úgarth (sin), pl. úgerth (VT44:23)

úgarth

ill deed

*úgarth (sin), pl. úgerth (VT44:23)

úgarth

ill deed

(sin), pl. úgerth (VT44:23)

úmarth

evil fate

(pl. úmerth).

úmarth

evil fate

úmarth (pl. úmerth).

úmarth

evil fate

úmarth (pl. úmerth)

úmarth

evil fate

(pl. úmerth)

úrui

hot

1) úrui (no distinct pl. form), 2) born (red), lenited vorn, pl. byrn.

úthaes

temptation

úthaes (no distinct pl. form) (VT44:23)

unt

noun. nothing

ummas

noun. evil

úgethiol

adjective. boring, (lit.) not interesting

úvae

noun/adjective. vowel; vocalic

< ōmaya

û

noun. voice

uil-

verb. to rain

úben

noun. nobody, no one

úrui

hot

(no distinct pl. form)

úthaes

temptation

(no distinct pl. form) (VT44:23)

úthúlui

adjective. breathless

graug

powerful, hostile and terrible creature

(i ’raug), pl. groeg (in groeg), coll. pl. grogath (WJ:415)

naur

sun

(mainly in compounds as nar-, -nor) (flame, fire), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath.

bregedúr

wildfire

(i vregedúr), pl. bregedýr (i mregedýr)

annui

western

annui. No distinct pl. form.

auth

dim shape

(spectral or vague apparition), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "war, battle".

duin

large river

(i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin), coll. pl. duinath (Names:179, PM:54)

minuial

twilight

(i vinuial) (dawn, morrowdim), pl. minuiail (i minuiail).

muil

twilight

(i vuil) (dreariness, shadow, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)

naur

fire

1) naur (in compounds nar-, -nor) (flame, sun), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath; 2) ûr (heat), pl. uir. Notice the homophone ûr ”wide”.

naur

fire

(in compounds nar-, -nor) (flame, sun), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath

nórui

fiery

(sunny). No distinct pl. form.

raug

demon

raug (-rog in compounds, as in Balrog), pl. roeg (idh roeg), coll. pl. #rogath (isolated from Balrogath, MR:79). Also used = ”powerful, hostile, and terrible creature”.

raug

demon

(-rog in compounds, as in Balrog), pl. roeg (idh roeg), coll. pl. #rogath (isolated from Balrogath, MR:79). Also used = ”powerful, hostile, and terrible creature”.

ruin

fiery red

(burning); no distinct pl. form. Also used as noun ”red flame, blazing fire”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366) Note: a homophone means ”slot, spoor, track, footprint”.

tinnu

twilight

(i** dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i** thynny) if there is a pl.

allu

adverb. never

@@@ Discord 2022-09-11

miru

noun. wine

rhugaron

noun. sinner

annui

western

. No distinct pl. form.

anor

noun. Sun

The most common Sindarin name for the Sun derived from primitive ✶Anār, an augmented form of the root √NAR “fire” (PE17/38; Ety/ANÁR; SD/302-303, 306). The o is the result of ancient ā becoming au and then this au becoming o in polysyllables.

Conceptual Development: The term Anor was first mentioned in conjunction with early tales of Númenor (LR/41). It briefly appeared as N. {ánar >>} Anar “sun” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the entry for ᴹ√NAR (Ety/NAR¹; EtyAC/NAR¹), but as Anor under ᴹ√ANÁR (Ety/ANÁR). In The Notion Club Papers of the 1940s it was Anor, archaic †Anaur (SD/302-303, 306) and it retained this form thereafter.

pen-

without

(ben-) _ pref. _without,**less. pen-adar 'fatherless'. >> ben-, ú-

gladh-

verb. to laugh, to laugh [at a joke], *guffaw

This word is not compatible with the name Lalaith “Laughter” attested in The Silmarillion. The most likely explanation of this name is that it is the unattested verb ✱lala- “laugh” with the abstract noun suffix -th seen in tirith “watch(ing)” and sirith “flowing”. This indicates a primitive form ✶lala- instead of ✶glada- (both primitives produce Quenya lala-). If you were to accept gladh- as the Sindarin word for “laugh”, then the word for “laughter” would perhaps be the equivalent abstract noun ✱gladhath, and the name Lalaith might be a mix of Quenya and Sindarin. @@@ Neo-Sindarin uses

madha

noun. mud

A word given as maða “mud” in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) of the 1950s, a derivative of ✶mazgō (PE19/101). A similar form N. mada [probably a slip for maða] appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the gloss “soft, pliant, yielding” as a derivative of madhgh < ᴹ√MASAG (EtyAC/MASAG). But this form was rejected and apparently replaced by N. moe “soft, pliant” < ON. maiga (Ety/MASAG). These variations seem to reflect shifting thoughts on the development of zg in Sindarin and Noldorin, either (in the 1930s) zg &gt; i̯g to form diphthongs or (in the 1950s) zg &gt; ðg &gt; -ða.

Anor

noun. Sun

_n. Astron._Sun. Q. anār/anăr. >> Ithil

Berhael

soft mut

soft mut. of Perhael** **(e.g. a·Berhael) >> Perhael

baran

soft mut

soft mut. of paran >> Dol Baran, paran

ben-

soft mut

soft mut. of pen-

berian

soft mut

soft mut. of perian after article i >> perain

beth

soft mut

soft mut. of peth >> peth

dew

soft mut

soft mut. of tew >> tew

di-

prefix. beneath, under

The only known usage of this word is as prefix, but VT/45:37 lists it as a unitary word di

galen

soft mut

soft mut. of calen >> calen

govannen

soft mut

soft mut. of covannen

pen-noediad

adjective. innumerable

adj. innumerable.

vast

soft mut

soft mut. of #bast.

madha

noun. mud

mud

cidinn

?. [unglossed]

cinnog

?. [unglossed]

glim

noun. voice, voice, *utterance

him

adverb/adjective. ever, ever, [N.] enduring, continually; steadfast, abiding

laer

noun. summer

lala-

verb. to laugh

nedia-

verb. to count

nod-

verb. to count

pennoediad

adjective. innumerable

Anor

noun. sun

arnœdiad

adjective. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless

estel

noun. hope, trust, a temper of mind, steady fixed in purpose, and difficult to dissuade and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its purpose

fael

adjective. fair minded, just, generous

pen

preposition. without, lacking, -less

rhû

evil

_ adj. _evil, wicked. Q. hrúa, hrúya. >> rhu-, Rhudaur

gwîn

noun. wine, vine

The wine of Dor-Winion occurs in the Lay of the children of Húrin and a place located either in the "burning South" in the first version, or probably east of the Blue Mountains in the second. Then we have Dorwinion as a meadow-land in Tol Eressëa at the end of the Quenta Silmarillion. It reappears in The Hobbit, and was finally placed North-West of the Sea of Rhûn in the decorated map by Pauline Baynes (see HL/115-117 for discussion). The meaning of this name is unknown and has been largely discussed. What do we have indeed in this "Winion", or rather gwinion since the initial w- must come from lenition? According to Christopher Tolkien, the Lay was begun c. 1918 and was composed during his father's stay at Leeds, a date meaning that the word can be Gnomish, possibly Early Noldorin, or in an indigenous language of Beleriand. In Gnomish and later in Doriathrin and Ilkorin, there is a genitive plural ending -ion which may very well be contained in this word. Then we would segment gwin-ion "of gwin". The context calls for "wine", "vine" or something similar. It can hardly be a coincidence that gwin is precisely the Welsh word for "wine", a loan from the Latin vinum, as the English "wine" itself

ûr Reconstructed

noun. fire, fire; [ᴱN.] sun

A word for “fire” attested in later writings only as an element in names, such as S. Urui “August, ✱Hot-one” (LotR/1110). It appeared as N. ûr “fire” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√UR “be hot”, but this and related words were deleted when Tolkien changed the sense of the root to “wide, large, great” (Ety/UR). However, √UR “heat” was restored in later writings (PE17/148; PE22/160), and primitive ✶ūr “a fire (on hearth)” appeared in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s, though Tolkien did mark it with a “?” (PE21/71 and note #8).

Conceptual Development: Perhaps the first precursor to this word was G. †Uril, an archaic word for the Sun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing beside its modern form G. Aur (GL/75) and clearly a derivative of the early root ᴱ√URU as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Ûr; QL/098). In Gnomish Lexicon Slips revising this document, it became {ŷr >>} hŷr “sun” (PE13/114), and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it became ᴱN. {húr >>} úr “sun”, derived from primitive ᴱ✶ourū̆ (PE13/155).

This in turn became N. ûr “fire” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under ᴹ√UR “be hot”, but as noted above the meaning of this root was changed in that document (Ety/UR). Although the root √UR “heat” was later restored, it isn’t clear whether Tolkien also restored ûr “fire”, though there is some secondary evidence of it: primitive ✶ūr “a fire (on hearth)” appeared in notes from the early 1950s, as also noted above (PE21/71).

Neo-Sindarin: If S. naur is (like its Quenya cognate Q. nár) more representative of an elemental or abstract notion of fire, then ûr might be used for an individual physical fire such as one in a fireplace.

madhren

adjective. muddy

A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo, an adjectival form of S. madha “mud”, inspired by G. ûgrin “muddy” the adjectival form of ûg from the 1910s. It would need to be a late Sindarin (re)formation rather than the phonetic evolution from ancient forms.

Anor

sun

1) Anor (pl. Anoer if there is a pl.) Archaic Anaur (SD:306). 2) naur (mainly in compounds as nar-, -nor) (flame, fire), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath.

anor

sun

(pl. Anoer if there is a pl.) Archaic Anaur (SD:306).

ar

outside

(adv. prefix) ar- (without)the literal meaning of a word translated SPY (q.v.)

ar

outside

(without)

ar

without

(adv. prefix) ar- (outside)

ar

without

(outside)

arnediad

numberless

arnediad (unnumbered, without reckoning), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).Ó

arnediad

numberless

(unnumbered, without reckoning), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. – Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).

aronoded

countless

aronoded (endless, innumerable), pl. erenedid (archaic erönödid)

aronoded

countless

(endless, innumerable), pl. erenedid (archaic erönödid)

aronoded

innumerable

aronoded (countless, endless), pl. erenedid (archaic erönödid)

aronoded

innumerable

(countless, endless), pl. erenedid (archaic erönödid)

pen

without

1) pen (lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited. 2)

pen

without

(lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited.

ûn

creature

ûn (pl. uin).

ûn

creature

(pl. uin).

eth

adverb/adjective. outside

mang

noun. butter

ol-

verb. to pour

laer

summer

laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”song”.

laer

summer

(no distinct pl. form). Note:  a homophone means ”song”.

ovor

abundant

ovor (analogical pl. evyr, for archaic övyr)

ovor

abundant

(analogical pl. evyr, for archaic övyr)

estel

masculine name. Hope

A name for Aragorn (LotR/1061), it is simply the noun estel “hope” used as a name (PE17/117).

Conceptual Development: In drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices, this name first appeared as S. Amin (PM/269).

amin

masculine name. Hope

A rejected name for Aragorn, changed to Estel (PM/269). It is probably a variant of amdir (MR/320).

carn

noun. deed

A Sindarin noun for a “deed”, attested only in its lenited form garn within the word othgarn “misdeed” (PE17/151). The alternate form carth “deed” is perhaps better attested.

carth

noun. deed

Sindarin noun for a “deed”, attested only in its lenited plural form gerth within the word úgarth “trespass” (VT44/28), which probably more literally means “✱misdeed”. This word is not completely compatible with its Quenya cognate Q. carda “deed” from primitive ✶kardā, which in Sindarin should produce ✱cardh. Perhaps the Sindarin word had a slightly different primitive form ✱✶kartā. The expect form cardh might appear as an element in the variant form athragardh of S. athragared “interaction”.

Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest precursor of this word is G. carm “act, deed, exploit” in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GL/25; PE13/111), cognate of contemporaneous ᴱQ. karma “shape, fashion; act, deed” (QL/45). In the Early Noldorin word lists from the 1920s, this word was revised to ᴱN. carbh “deed” (PE13/140), reflecting Tolkien’s changing conception of the phonetic development of final -m in Noldorin. In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the word appeared as N. carth or carð “deed” (cardh), but these forms were rejected and replaced by N. car(ð) “building” (Ety/KAR).

mad-

verb. to eat

The verb for “to eat” derived from the root √MAT of the same meaning (PE17/131; Ety/MAT). In Tolkien’s later writing it appears only in inflected forms, but the verb itself is well established, dating back all the way to G. mad- in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/56). This verb was one Tolkien often used in examples of verb conjugations and as such its inflected forms changed considerably over time, but that is more a topic of the evolution of the Sindarin verb system.

a

and

conj. and.Form of ad/ada before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. >> ad, ada, adh

a

and

conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145.

ad

conjunction. and

conj. and. a/adh before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. >> a, ada, adh

ada

conjunction. and

conj. and. a/adh before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. >> a, ad, adh

bain

fair

_ adj. _fair, good, blessed, wholesome, favourable, without evil/bad element, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bân

balrog

demon

n. (mighty) demon. A word made in ancient S. for the spirits (of 'māyan' origin) corrupted to his service by Melkor in the days outside Arda, before the coming of the Elves and the assault uopon Utumno. Q. pl1. Valaraucar. In a draft, Tolkien presented the Balrogs as of "Valar or Maian origin" (PE17:48). >> raug

bân

adjective. fair

_ adj. _fair, good, wholesome, favourable, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bain

dewin

verb. aor

_ v. aor. & pron. suff. _I fail, miss, etc. >> dýl, dýr, edíw, -n

estel

noun. hope

n. hope. ónen i·Estel Edain 'I gave the "Hope" (to) Men'.

fain

dim

adj. dim, dimmed (applied to dimmed or fading lights or to things seen in them); filmy, fine-woven, etc. (applied to things that only partially screened light, such as a canopy of young still half-transparent leaves, or textures that veiled but only half-concealed a form).

rhû

evil

adj. evil, wicked. Q. hruo. >> Rhudaur

Ídh

and

{ð}_ conj. _and. It was not mutated before vowels. >> a

Ídh

and

{ð} conj. and.Form of ad/ada before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. >> a, ad, ada

Ídh

and

{ð} conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145.

a

conjunction. and

See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel

ah

preposition/conjunction. and, with

The title Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth is translated as "converse of Finrod and Andreth", but some scholars actually believe this word to be unrelated with the conjunction a.1 , ar "and", and they render it as "with". Other scholars consider that "and" and "with" (in the comitative sense) are not exclusive of each other, and regard ah as the form taken by this conjunction before a vowel. That a, ar and ah are etymologically related has finally been confirmed in VT/43:29-30. Compare also with Welsh, where the coordination "and" also takes different forms whether it occurs before a vowel or a consonant (respectively ac and a). In written Welsh, a often triggers the aspirate mutation: bara a chaws "bread and cheese". This usage is seldom applied in colloquial Welsh (Modern Welsh §510)

ar

conjunction. and

See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel

law

jyE prefix. not

Neologism derived from the root √LA "no, not". ló- and lenition before consonants. It's meant to be used as an alternative to ú-, which Tolkien rejected as a negative prefix in his later writings.

Examples:
*ló-hevin mass "I do not have bread."
*law aníron mass "I do not want bread."

Phonological development:
lā > lǭ > lau, law
?law > ló-

heb-

verb. to keep

ŷ

noun. wine

A neologism for “wine” coined by Hialmr appearing in VQP (VQP), based on ᴱQ. io “wine” (PE16/141).

a

and

a, or ah when the next word begins in a vowel: Finrod ah Andreth, Finrod and Andreth. In some sources, Tolkien uses ar as the conjunction "and", but a(h) would seem to be the proper Sindarin form.

a

and

or ah when the next word begins in a vowel: Finrod ah Andreth, Finrod and Andreth. In some sources, Tolkien uses ar as the conjunction "and", but a(h) would seem to be the proper Sindarin form.

al

not

al- (prefix) as in alfirin "not-mortal", immortal.

al

not

(prefix) as in alfirin "not-mortal", immortal.

amarth

fate

(doom), pl. emerth; also manadh (i vanadh) (doom, final end, fortune [usually = final bliss]), pl. menaidh (i menaidh);

amdir

hope

1) (based on reason) amdir (no distinct pl. form). Literally an "up-looking". 2) (closer in meaning to ”faith”) estel (trust, steady purpose), pl. estil, 3) (noun) harthad (i charthad, o charthad), pl. herthaid (i cherthaid)

amdir

hope

(no distinct pl. form). Literally an "up-looking".

bain

fair

bain (beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.

bain

fair

(beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.

balrog

fire-demon

(i valrog), pl. balroeg (i malroeg). Coll. pl. balrogath is attested. Archaic form ✱balraug. (MR:79, WJ:415). The etymological meaning is rather ”power-demon”.

bara

fiery

1) bara (eager), lenited vara, pl. berai, 2) nórui (sunny). No distinct pl. form.

baw!

no

! (interjection expressing refusal or prohibition, not denying facts) baw! (dont!) Prefix

brass

white heat

(i vrass, construct bras), pl. brais (i mrais) if there is a pl.

cardh

deed

cardh (i gardh, o chardh), pl. cerdh (i cherdh). Note: cardh may also mean "house, building".

cardh

deed

(i gardh, o chardh), pl. cerdh (i cherdh). Note: cardh may also mean "house, building".

daer

large

daer (great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

large

(great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

dî

beneath

dî, unstressed di (in, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

dî

beneath

unstressed di (in, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

eilia

rain

(vb.) eilia-, impersonal 3rd singular uil "it rains". (In ”Noldorin”, the impersonal form was "oeil" = öil, later eil.)

eilia

rain

impersonal 3rd singular uil "it rains". (In ”Noldorin”, the impersonal form was "oeil" = öil, later eil.)

estel

hope

(trust, steady purpose), pl. estil

faeg

bad

*faeg (poor, mean). No distinct pl. form. (Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” foeg.)

faeg

bad

(poor, mean). No distinct pl. form. (Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” foeg.)

gobennas

history

1) gobennas (i **obennas), pl. gebennais (i ngebennais = i ñebennais), collective pl. gobennnassath**. (Archaic pl. *göbennais.) 2) pennas (i bennas, o phennas) (account), pl. pennais (i phennais), coll. pl. pennassath

gwathra

dim

(verb) gwathra- (i **wathra, in gwathrar**) (overshadow, veil, obscure)

gwathra

dim

(i ’wathra, in gwathrar) (overshadow, veil, obscure)

gwathren

dim

(adj.) gwathren (shadowy), lenited wathren; pl. gwethrin. (A lenited pl. is attested in the name Ered Wethrin, Shadowy Mountains.);

gwathren

dim

(shadowy), lenited ’wathren; pl. gwethrin. (A lenited pl. is attested in the name Ered Wethrin, Shadowy Mountains.);

gwâth

dim light

(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, shade), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261);

hartha

hope

(verb) #hartha- (i chartha, i charthar). Verbal stem isolated from the apparent gerund harthad, ”hope” as noun.

hartha

hope

(i chartha, i charthar). Verbal stem isolated from the apparent gerund harthad, ”hope” as noun.

hûr

fiery spirit

(i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (readiness for action, vigour), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.

idhren

pondering

idhren (wise, thoughtful), pl. idhrin

idhren

pondering

(wise, thoughtful), pl. idhrin

inc

idea

1) inc (guess, notion), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite); coll. pl. ingath; 2) naw (pl. noe). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. form was nui. Coll. pl. ?nawath or ?noath.

inc

idea

(guess, notion), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite); coll. pl. ingath

laden

wide

1) laden (plain, flat, open, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT), 2) land (plain), pl. laind. Also used as noun ”open space, level”. 3) pann (i bann, o phann, construct pan), pl. pain (i phain). Since the pl. form clashes with *pain ”all” (mutated phain, SD:129), other terms may be preferred for clarity. 4) ûr (pl. uir). Notice the homophone ûr ”fire, heat”.

land

wide

(plain), pl. laind. Also used as noun ”open space, level”.

lond

narrow path

(harbour, haven, pass, strait), pl. lynd, coll. pl. lonnath (as in the name Lonnath Ernin, WR:294).

naw

idea

(pl. noe). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. form was *nui***. Coll. pl. ?nawath or ?noath**.

neitha

wrong

(verb) #neitha- (i neitha, in neithar) (deprive). Isolated from Neithan ”Wronged” (as participle/derived noun)

neitha

wrong

(i neitha, in neithar) (deprive). Isolated from Neithan ”Wronged” (as participle/derived noun)

nîd

wet

nîd (damp, tearful); no distinct pl. form. 4) nîn (watery); no distinct pl. form. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.

nîd

wet

(damp, tearful); no distinct pl. form. 4) nîn (watery); no distinct pl. form. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.

ogol

evil

1) ogol (wicked), pl. egyl (archaic ögyl) (VT48:32), 2) possibly also um (bad), pl. ym (or uim?) (David Salo would read *ûm with a long vowel. According to VT46:20, it may be that Tolkien intended um as a primitive base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word; the word ogol may therefore be preferred.)

pann

wide

(i bann, o phann, construct pan), pl. pain (i phain). Since the pl. form clashes with ✱pain ”all” (mutated phain, SD:129), other terms may be preferred for clarity.

pennas

history

(i bennas, o phennas) (account), pl. pennais (i phennais), coll. pl. pennassath

ross

rain

ross (construct ros) (foam, dew, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

ross

rain

(construct ros) (foam, dew, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

said

not common

(lenited haid; no distinct pl. form) (separate, private, excluded) (VT42:20)

îdh

rest

_(noun) _1) îdh (repose), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl. 2) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt),

ûl

odor

ûl (pl. uil) 1) (also used =

ûl

odor

(pl. uil)

ûr

wide

(pl. uir). Notice the homophone ûr ”fire, heat”.

ûr

heat

(fire), pl. uir. Notice the homophone ûr ”wide”.

ûr

fire

(heat), pl. uir. Notice the homophone ûr ”wide”.

ûr

heat

ûr (fire), pl. uir. Notice the homophone ûr ”wide”.

ped-

verb. to say, speak

al-

prefix. no, not

cal-

verb. to shine

car-

verb. to do, make

gwana

noun/adjective. fair

iand

adjective. wide

lind

adjective. fair

mel-

verb. to love

na-

verb. to be

oer

adjective. nasty

lae-

verb. to not be

law

adverb. not

raegdan

noun. sinner

tagron

noun. smith

tharf

noun. saw

a

conjunction. and

conj. and. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. Q. ar

al-

prefix. not

pref. not. >> alfirin

beleg

adjective. large

adj. large, great. Q. melek-.

beleg

adjective. large

adj. large, great, big. . This gloss was rejected.

gwain

adjective. fair

adj. fair. . This gloss was rejected.

gwân

adjective. fair

_ adj. _fair, pale.

mannen

aor

v. aor.

manthen

aor

v. aor.

neitha-

verb. to wrong, to deprive

nîn

wet

_ adj. _wet. Q. nenya. >> Nindalf

ogol

bad

_ adj. _bad, evil, wrong. Q. olca bad, wicked. oklā << ōklā. >> oew, ogron

Ēd

noun. Rest

Dor. Rest

adh

conjunction. and

ah

conjunction. and

amdir

noun. hope based on reason

ar

conjunction. and, and, [G.] too, besides

ava-

auxillary verb. will not

baw

interjection. no, don't!

born

adjective. hot, red

conath

noun. many voices

conath

noun. lamentation

hartha-

verb. to hope

harthad

gerund noun. hope

lamath

noun. echoing voices

land

adjective. wide, broad

limp

adjective. wet

loen

adjective. soaking wet, swamped

nîn

adjective. wet, watery

oer

adjective. nasty

ross

noun. rain

send

noun. (?) rest

senn

noun. (?) rest

îdh

noun. rest, repose

agor

narrow

agor (analogical pl. egyr). In archaic S agr.

agor

narrow

(analogical pl. egyr). In archaic S agr.

alnad

pronoun. nothing

ava

will not

(i ava, in avar).

ava

will not

ava- (i ava, in avar).

ava

will not

ava- (i ava, in avar)

bach

thing

(article for exchange, ware) (i mach, o mbach), pl. baich (i mbaich).

bara

fiery

(eager), lenited vara, pl. berai

baw!

no

(don’t!) Prefix

born

hot

(red), lenited vorn, pl. byrn.

brassen

white-hot

(lenited vrassen, pl. bressin)

gawa

howl

(verb) gawa- (i ngawa = i ñawa, in gawar = i ñgawar)

gawa

howl

(i ngawa = i ñawa, in gawar = i ñgawar)

gobennas

history

(i ’obennas), pl. gebennais (i ngebennais = i ñebennais), collective pl. gobennnassath. (Archaic pl. ✱göbennais.)

harthad

hope

(i charthad, o charthad), pl. herthaid (i cherthaid)

imlad

narrow valley with steep sides

(glen, deep valley), pl. imlaid.

imrath

narrow valley

(pl. imraith)

laden

wide

(plain, flat,  open, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)

limp

adjective. wet

limp

wet

(no distinct pl. form).

loen

soaking wet

(swamped), no distinct pl. form.

mesc

wet

1) mesc (lenited vesc, pl. misc). Also spelt mesg. 2) limp (no distinct pl. form). 3)

mesc

wet

(lenited vesc, pl. misc). Also spelt mesg.

nad

thing

1) nad (pl. naid), 2) bach (article for exchange, ware) (i mach, o mbach), pl. baich (i mbaich).

nad

thing

(pl. naid)

narthan

fire-sign

pl. **nerthain** (VT45:20)

ogol

evil

(wicked), pl. egyl (archaic ögyl) (VT48:32)

palan

over a wide area

(far off)