en (3) particle that may be inserted before a past tense form to indicate that it refers to a remote past (VT45:12), apparently twice attested in Fíriel's Song (LR:72), e.g. en cárë ("k") "made" (long ago). This particle may have been obsoleted by en "still" from a later source.
Quenya
en
adverb. then soon, (then) soon, [ᴹQ.] in that (future) case; there, yonder; look yon(der); far away; that, [ᴱQ.] that by you; thereupon
en
particle. in that (future) case; then, soon
en
still
en
made
en
there, look! yon (yonder)
en (1) interjection "there, look! yon (yonder)" (EN, VT45:12)
encë
encë
encë, see enquë
enetya
enetya
enetya, see entya
enquië
enquië
enquië noun, Eldarin six-day week, pl. enquier (Appendix D). Cf. enquë "6". Compare lemnar, otsola.
envinyata-
verb. to renew, heal, to renew, heal, *restore
A verb for “to renew, heal” implied by the names Q. Envinyatar “Renewer” (LotR/1110) and Q. Arda Envinyanta “Arda Healed” (MR/405). It is a combination of en- “re-”, vinya “new”, and the causative suffix -ta, so literally “✱to make new again”. Hence “renew” or “✱restore” is probably a more accurate translation than “heal”.
endë
core, centre, middle
endë noun "core, centre, middle" (NÉD, EN, VT48:25)
engwar
collective name. Men, (lit.) The Sickly
envinyatar
masculine name. Renewer
A title of Aragorn as the restorer of Gondor (LotR/1110) added in the second edition of The Lord of the Rings (RC/580). It is a combination of the verb envinyata- “renew” with the archaic agental suffix -r(o) (usually reduced to -r).
enellië
proper name. *Company of Enel
Envinyatar
the renewer
Envinyatar noun "the Renewer" (LotR3:V ch. 8)
enel
between
enel prep. "between" = "at the central position in a row, list, series, etc. but also applied to the case of three persons" (VT47:11). This preposition refers to the position of a thing between others of the same kind; compare imbë.
enelmo
go-between, intervener, intermediary [as noun], mediator
enelmo noun "a go-between, intervener, intermediary [as noun], mediator" (VT47:14)
enenquë
cardinal. sixteen
enenquë cardinal "sixteen" (VT48:21)
engië
has been
engië vb. "has been", "has existed", perfect tense of ëa, q.v. (VT49:29)
entya
central, middle
entya, enetya adj. "central, middle" (VT41:16; these forms, as well as the noun entë "centre", come from a late, somewhat confused source; the adjective #endëa and the noun endë from earlier material may fit the general system better, and #endëa is even found in the LotR itself as part of the word atendëa, q.v.)
entë
center
entë (2) noun "center" (VT41:16; endë is perhaps to be preferred, see entya)
enta
adjective. another, one more, another, one more; [ᴹQ.] that yonder, then (fut.); [ᴱQ.] that there (emphatic)
entë
adverb. moreover, further(more), what is more, moreover, further(more), what is more; *next (of time or in a sequence)
enda
noun. heart; center, heart; center, *interior
endë
noun. centre, middle, centre, middle; [ᴹQ.] core
enel
preposition. in the middle, between
enelmo
noun. go-between, intervener, intermediary, mediator
enenquë
cardinal. sixteen
entya
adjective. central, middle
entë
noun. centre
en i matinye
I shall eat then soon
enta
adverb. then (future)
enwa
adjective. existent, real, found in the primary world
enya
adverb. then soon
Endamar
middle-earth
Endamar place-name "Middle-earth" (EN, MBAR, NDOR). However, Middle-earth is normally called Endor, Endórë.
Endor
middle-earth
Endor place-name "Middle-earth" (SA:dôr, NDOR), "centre of the world" (EN); also long form Endórë "Middle-earth" (Appendix E); allative Endorenna "to Middle-earth" in EO. The form Endór in MR:121 may be seen as archaic, intermediate between Endórë and Endor (since long vowels in a final syllable are normally shortened: Endór > Endor). Endór functions as an uninflected genitive in the source: Aran Endór, "King of Middle-earth".
Entar
thither lands, middle-earth, outer lands, east
Entar place-name "Thither Lands, Middle-earth, Outer Lands, East" (seen from Aman) (EN)
Entarda
thither lands, middle-earth, outer lands, east
Entarda place-name "Thither Lands, Middle-earth, Outer Lands, East" (seen from Aman) (EN, VT45:12)
en-
verb. again-
en- (4) prefix "again-", "re-" (PE17:68), in enquantuva "shall refill", entuluva, "shall come again", Envinyatar "Renewer", envinyanta "healed, *renewed", enyalië "to recall" (Nam, RGEO:67, LotR3:V ch. 8, VT41:16, MR:405, UT:317; as for the etymology of en-, see comments on Common Eldarin base EN "again, once more" in VT48:25)
enquanta-
refill
enquanta- vb. "refill" (PE17:167), enquantuva vb. "shall refill" (Nam); cf. see en-, quat-, quanta-
enta
that yonder
enta demonstrative "that yonder" (EN). In VT47:15, enta is defined as "another, one more" (but it may seem that Tolkien also considered the word exë for this meaning).
enya
middle
enya < endya adj. "middle" (EN). Compare #endëa.
endórë
place name. Middle-earth, (lit.) Middle Land
The Quenya word for “Middle-earth” (LotR/1115). It often appeared in its shorter form Endor (S/89), similar to Valinórë/Valinor and Númenórë/Númenor. Its initial element is endë “middle” and its final element is a blending of nórë and -ndor often seen in the names of lands (PE17/26).
Properly speaking, the word Endor applied only to the land mass containing Arnor and Gondor (and Beleriand before it was destroyed) where much of action of Tolkien’s tales took place. In his Nomenclature of the Lord of the Rings, Tolkien defined Middle-earth as “the inhabited lands of (Elves and) Men, envisaged as lying between the Western Sea and that of the Far East” (RC/774).
The informal use of the term “Middle-earth” for Tolkien’s entire fictional world came from the descriptions of his works by others rather than from Tolkien. Tolkien said that Middle-earth was “not a special land, or world, or ‘planet’ as too often supposed” (RC/774). Elsewhere, he said the Quenya word for the “World” (equivalent to “Earth”) was Ambar (LotR/967, WJ/402).
Conceptual Development: The term “Middle-earth” was inspired by Old English Middanġeard or Norse Midgard (RC/774). In Northern European mythology, Midgard referred to the Earth as the land of men between the Heaven(s) and Hell(s), but Heaven and Hell as realms above and below the world did not exist within Tolkien’s cosmology. The word Endor instead referred to the home of Elves and Men in the center of the world between the East and West.
The name ᴹQ. {Endon >>} Endor first appeared in maps and notes associated with Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, where it was given as the name for the “midmost point of Middle-earth” (SM/241, 254). It later appeared in The Etymologies with the translation “Middle-earth” (Ety/NDOR), also described as “centre of the world” (Ety/ÉNED).
In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, this name also appeared in the (ultimately rejected) forms Endon, Endór and Endar (MR/70, 121, 126).
en(a)
adverb. still
@@@ is more frequently used to refer to future, not past
entulessë
proper name. Return
The name of the Númerórean ship that was the first to return to Middle-earth, six centuries after Númenor was settled (UT/171). It is the noun entulessë “return” used as a name.
enderi
collective name. middle-days
The name used for leap-days added to the various calendar systems of Middle-earth (LotR/1108, 1112). It is a compound of endë “middle” and the suffixal form -re of ré “day”: ✱enderë “middle-day” pluralized to enderi.
Conceptual Development: In the 1st edition of The Lord of the Rings, a similar term atendëa was used.
engwa
adjective. sickly
enwina lúmë
the old darkness
The twenty-eighth line of the Markirya poem (MC/222). The first word is enwina “old” followed by the noun lúmë “darkness”, possibly a variant of more common lómë as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL/Markirya).
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> enwina lúmë = “✱old darkness”
Ender
bridegroom
Ender noun "bridegroom", surname of Tulkas (NDER, TULUK, VT45:11). The form Enderō(VT45:11) is defined as "[?virile] young bridegroom"; Tolkien's gloss was not entirely legible. But this would seem to be an archaic form, because of the long final -ō (later Quenya *Endero).
Endien
autumn
Endien noun, alternative term for "autumn" (PM:135). In the Etymologies, the word Endien was assigned a quite different meaning: "Midyear, Midyear week", in the calendar of Valinor a week outside the months, between the sixth and seventh months, dedicated to the Trees; also called Aldalemnar (YEN, LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK)
Enu
the almighty creator who dwells without the world
Enu masc. name, "the Almighty Creator who dwells without the world" (LT2:343 - in Tolkien's later Quenya, the divine name appears as Eru instead)
enda
heart
enda noun "heart", but not referring to the physical organ; it literally means "centre" (cf. endë) and refers to the fëa (soul) or sáma (mind) itself. (VT39:32)
endaquet-
answer
endaquet- vb. "answer" (gloss uncertain) (PE17:167)
enderi
middle-days
enderi noun "middle-days" (sg. *enderë), in the calendar of Imladris three days inserted between the months (or seasons) yávië and quellë (Appendix D)
endya
middle
endya > enya adj. "middle" (ÉNED)
endëa
middle
#endëa adj. "middle" in atendëa, q.v. Compare enya.
eneldë
middle finger
[eneldë, enellë, enestil noun "middle finger" (VT47:26)]
enga
save
enga prep. "save" (= except) (FS)
engwa
sickly
engwa adj. "sickly"; nominal pl. Engwar "the Sickly", Elvish name of Mortal Men (Silm, GENG-WĀ)
engwë
thing
engwë noun "thing" (VT39:7, VT49:28). Extrapolation may also point to *engwë as an emphatic dual inclusive pronoun "we" (thou and I), corresponding to the ending -ngwë.
engë
was
engë vb. "was", "existed", past tense of ëa, q.v. (VT43:38, VT49:29)
enna
first
[enna adj. "first" (VT45:12)]
enquesta
one sixth
enquesta fraction "one sixth" (1/6) (VT48:11)
enquete-
repeat, say again
enquete- vb. "repeat, say again" (PE17:167)
enquë
cardinal. six
enquë ("q") cardinal "six" (ÉNEK, VT48:4, 6, 9, VT49:57); enquëa ordinal "sixth" (VT42:25); see also enquië. According to VT48:8, the word for "six" may have been encë ("k") in very early Quenya (the form is asterisked by Tolkien), but this was altered to enquë under the influence of yunquë "twelve" (perceived as meaning "2 times 6", *yú-enquë, with the prefix yú- "twi-").
ento
next
ento adv. "next" (Arct)
entulessë
return
entulessë noun "return" (UT:171)
entë
moreover, further, furthermore, what is more
entë (1) conj. "moreover, further, furthermore, what is more" (VT47:15, VT48:14). Compare yunquentë as a variant of yunquenta, q.v.
envinyanta
healed
envinyanta passive participle "healed" (MR:405), pointing to a verbal stem #envinyata- "heal", literally "renew"; cf. Aragorn's title Envinyatar "the Renewer" (LotR3:V ch. 8).
enwa
tomorrow
enwa adv. "tomorrow" (QL:34)
enwina
old
enwina adj. "old" (Markirya)
enyal-
to recall
#enyal- vb. "to recall", "to commemorate", gerund/infinitive enyalië with infinitival ending -ië; dative enyalien "for the re-calling", "[in order] to recall" in CO.
enyárë
in that day
enyárë adv. "in that day" (pointing to the future) (FS)
en-
prefix. re-, again
endaquet-
verb. to answer
enquanta-
verb. to refill
enquet-
verb. to repeat, say again
entul-
verb. to come again, *return
enyal-
verb. to recall, to recall, *remember
endëa
adjective. middle
enestil
noun. *middle finger
engwë
noun. thing
engë
adverb. ago, in the past, ago, in the past, [ᴹQ.] once (in past), †it was
enquesta
fraction. one sixth
enquië
noun. Elvish week of six days
enquë
cardinal. six
enquëa
ordinal. sixth
entan
noun. tomorrow
entulessë
noun. return
enwina
adjective. old
enyalië
noun. memory, (lit.) recalling
enne
noun. thought, purpose
enar
adverb. tomorrow
endor
noun. Middle-earth
eneldë
noun. *middle finger
enellë
noun. *middle finger
enge
adverb. ago
ago, once, in the past
enna
noun. a fact
ennie
noun. female person
enno
noun. a person
enyasse
adverb. there far away
essecenta eldarinwa
proper name. Enquiry (into the origins) of the Elvish names
Title of an essay on the naming of divisions of Elves, more commonly known by the title “Quendi and Eldar” (WJ/359-424). It is described as an “Enquiry into the origins of the Elvish names” (WJ/359), though “into the origins” is not directly represented in the Quenya title. Its first element is a compound of essë “name” and centa “enquiry”, and its second element is the possessive form of Eldarin, meaning “of Elvish”.
faren
enough
faren, adv. "enough" (VT46:9)
centa
noun. enquiry, *essay
ósanwe-centa
proper name. [Enquiry into] Communication of Thought
Title of an essay on the mental-communication abilities of the Elves, with the English translation “Communication of Thought” (MR/415). Elsewhere, the word ósanwë by itself is translated “communication of thought” or “interchange of thought” (VT39/23-4, PE17/183). Furthermore, in the title of another essay, centa is translated “enquiry”: Essecenta Eldarinwa “Enquiry (into the origins) of the Elvish names” (MR/415, WJ/359). Thus, the full meaning of this title is likely “Enquiry into Communication of Thought”.
centa
communication, enquiry, *essay
centa noun "communication, enquiry, *essay"; Ósanwë-centa ("k") "Communication of Thought", an appendix to Pengolodh's Lammas or "Account of Tongues" (VT39:23, MR:415); cf. also essecenta, q.v.
mentë
point, end
mentë noun "point, end" (MET)
yunquenta
cardinal. thirteen
yunquenta cardinal "thirteen" (12 and one more) (VT47:15), variant yunquentë (VT47:40), compare entë #1.
tenya-
verb. to arrive, end (not at speaker’s[?] place)
yunquentë
cardinal. thirteen
yunquenta
cardinal. thirteen
atendëa
proper name. double-middle
cendelë
noun. face, face, *visage
A word for “face” in the Ambidexters Sentence of the late 1960s (VT49/8). Patrick Wynne suggested it is likely an abstract noun formation from the verb cenda- “watch, observe”, and hence similar in origin to English/French “visage” which likewise originated from a Latin verb meaning “to see” (VT49/21). Earlier “face” words ᴱQ. alma and ᴱQ. yéma have similar derivations, as pointed out by Patrick Wynne.
fendë
noun. door
A word appearing as {phende >>} fende “door” in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 (PE22/166 and note #112). The deleted variant probably indicates its primitive form.
Conceptual Development: The earliest “door” word was ᴱQ. posta in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root {ᴱ√PONO >>} ᴱ√BOÐO (QL/75). Another precursor was ᴹQ. fenda “threshold” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√PHEN (Ety/PHEN). In notes from December 1959 (D59) Tolkien gave Q. fenna as a derivative of √PHEN and cognate to S. fen, all meaning “door” (PE17/181).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer 1969 fendë as the word for “door”, but I think [ᴹQ.] fenda “threshold” might remain viable as a separate derivative of the root.
lependë
noun. middle finger
In rought drafts of notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from 1968, Tolkien coined various words for “middle finger” using initial element √ENED “middle”: Q. enestil, enelde or enelde, the first of these in combination with Q. til “tip” with the usual sound change of d+t > t+t > st (VT47/26). But Tolkien soon revised the form to lepende, a combination of ✶lepe “finger” and Q. endë “middle” (VT47/27).
The word lepende “middle finger” reappeared in the polished version of these notes, along with a variant lepenel (VT47/10). Tolkien said this variant was an older word interpreted as “finger number-three”, but was originally based on Q. enel “in the middle, between” (VT47/11), with d/l variation in the primitive root √ENED (VT47/29 note #43). In yet another version of these notes, lepenel was the only word for “middle finger” (VT48/5).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d use lependë as the usual word for “middle finger”, with †lepenel as an archaic variant.
-enca
without, -less
-enca suffix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. nec-, q.v.
Ambarenya
middle-earth
Ambarenya, older [MET] Ambarendya place-name "Middle-earth" (but the more usual word is Endor, Endórë) (MBAR)
ambapenda
uphill
ambapenda adj. "uphill". Also ampenda. (AM2)
ampenda
uphill
ampenda adj. "uphill". Also ambapenda. (AM2)
arquen
noble
arquen noun "a noble" (WJ:372), "knight" (PE17:147)
atendëa
double-middle
atendëa noun "double-middle", name of the two enderi or middle-days that occurred in leap-years according to the calendar of Imladris (Appendix D, first edition of LotR)
cendelë
face
cendelë noun "face" (VT49:21)
cendë
point
cendë noun "point" (PE16:96)
elwen
heart
elwen noun "heart" (LT1:255; rather hón or enda in LotR-style Quenya)
fenna
door
fenna noun "door" (PE17:45, 181)
hanquenta
answer
hanquenta vb.? noun? "answer" (PE17:176)
kemen
earth
kemen noun "earth"; see cemen.
lenna-
go
lenna- vb. "go", pa.t. lendë "went" (LED; cf. lelya-). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word lenna- wrongly appears as **linna-; see VT45:27.
lependë
middle finger
[lependë] noun "middle finger", also lepenel (VT47:10, VT48:15; struck out)
lepenel
middle finger
lepenel noun "middle finger", also [lependë] (VT47:10, VT48:5; lependë was struck out, VT48:15)
linyenwa
old, having many years
linyenwa adj. "old, having many years" (YEN)
men-
go
#men- (4) vb. "go" (VT47:11, cf. VT42:30, VT49:23), attested in the aorist (menë) in the sentence imbi Menel Cemenyë menë Ráno tië "between Heaven and Earth goes the path of the Moon". In the verb nanwen- "return" (or go/come back), -men- is changed to -wen- following nan- "back" (etymological form cited as nan-men-, PE17:166). In examples from VT49:23, 24, Tolkien used men- in the sense of "go as far as": 1st person sg. aorist menin (menin coaryanna "I arrive at [or come/get to] his house"), endingless aorist menë, present tense ména- "is on point of arrival, is just coming to an end", past tense mennë "arrived, reached", in this tense usually with locative rather than allative (mennen sís "I arrive[d] here"), perfect eménië "has just arrived", future menuva "will arrive". All of these examples were first written with the verb as ten- rather than men-, Tolkien then emending the initial consonant.
nanwen-
return
nanwen- vb. "return" (go/come back) (PE17:166). The etymological form nan-men- indicates that the second element is #men- "go", changed to -wen- following nan- "back"; hence the perfect should perhaps be *naneménië.
pen
without, not having
[pen prep. "without, not having" (PE17:171). Cf. Ú #1.]
tenya-
arrive
†tenya- vb. "arrive" (end at [?specific] place; Tolkiens gloss was not certainly legible); pa.t. tennë (VT49:24)
hanquenta
noun. answer, answer, *response
@@@ gloss “response” suggested by Tamas Ferencz
-ien
suffix. -land
cendë
noun. point
hendas
?. [unglossed]
lepenel
noun. middle finger
fende
noun. door
fenna
noun. door
tenna
noun. thought
thought, notion, idea
Englerin
`Vsj$7T5 name. English
neologism
ennosta
noun. Renaissance
enenquëa
ordinal. sixteenth
ennóna
adjective. born again
enortalë
noun. resurrection
enar
noun. tomorrow
eneques
noun. rumor, (lit.) re-saying
ener(a)
adverb. on, onward, further
@@@ Discord 2022-06-22
enontië
noun. rebirth, resurrection
endaurë
noun. noon, (lit.) mid-day
endëranda
noun. Middle-Ages
enenquain
cardinal. sixty
enenquëan
cardinal. sixty
enquain
cardinal. sixty
enquellumë
adverb. six times
enwacuvindo
noun. liar, cheater
enwavë
adverb. actually
enyálëa
adjective. memorial
-issë
suffix. ending in feminine names
minasurië
noun. enquiry, *research
@@@ the gloss “research” was sugested by Tamas Ferencz
cotto
enemy
#cotto ("k")noun "enemy", isolated from Moricotto "Dark Enemy", a Quenya form of Morgoth(VT49:25). Compare cotumo, *notto.
cotumo
enemy
cotumo ("k")noun "enemy" (KOT > KOTH)
fárëa
enough
fárëa adj.? "enough" (presumably adjective, whereas the adverb is faren); ufárëa"not enough" _(FS). Etym has farëa "enough, sufficient" (PHAR)_
hir
entrails, bowels
hir (hird-), pl. hirdi, noun "entrails, bowels" (PE13:161)
lúcë
enchantment
lúcë ("k")noun "enchantment" (LUK)
metta
end
metta noun "end"; Ambar-metta "world-end, the end of the world" (EO); mettarë *"end-day" = New Years' Eve in the Númenórean calendar and the Steward's Reckoning, not belonging to any month (Appendix D). The word Mettanyë, heading the final part of the poem The Trees of Kortirion, would seem to be related (LT1:43)
minasurie
enquiry
minasurie noun "enquiry" (Þ; the word is actually cited as minaþurie) in Ondonóre Nómesseron Minaþurie "Enquiry into the Place-names of Gondor". The editor tentatively analyzes minaþurie as #mina "into" + #þurie (#surië) noun "seeking" (VT42:17, 30-31).
notto
enemy
*notto (ñ)noun "enemy", reconstructed simplex form of the second element of the Moringotto "Dark Enemy", a Quenya form of Morgoth(VT49:25). Compare #cotto.
oio
endless period
oio noun "an endless period" (CO) or adv. "ever" (SA:los). Oiolairë "Ever-summer" (name of a tree, UT:167; also in the name Coron Oiolairë, "Mound of Ever-summer". Oiolossë "Everwhite, Ever-snowwhite", a name of Taniquetil (OY), hence the translation "Mount Everwhite" in Tolkien's rendering of Namárië. See also SA:los. Explicit "mount" in Oron Oiolossë "Mount Everwhite" (WJ:403). Ablativic genitive Oiolossëo "from Mount Everwhite" in Namárië (Nam, RGEO:67, OY)
panda
enclosure
panda noun "enclosure" (PAD)
rembina
entangled
rembina adj. "entangled" (VT42:12); aldarembina pl. aldarembinë "tree-tangled", Quenya equivalent of Sindarin galadhremmin(PE17:26)
tyel
end
tyel (1) noun "end", stem tyeld- as in the pl. form tyeldi (FS, KYEL; the pl. form tyeldi_ was misread as "tyelde" in the Etymologies as printed in LR; cf. VT45:25 for this correction)_. Cf. tyelma.
tyel-
end, cease
tyel- (2) vb. "end, cease" (KYEL)
tyelma
ending
tyelma noun "ending" (FS, VT45:25)
vaia
envelope
vaia < waia (also vaiya < waiya) noun "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls (WAY). Cf. váya.
vaiya
envelope
vaiya < waiya (also vaia, waia) noun "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls (WAY, capitalized Vaiya under GEY; the latter entry was struck out). In a "Qenya" text in MC:214, vaiya is simply translated "sky". In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, vaiya (/ waiya) was also the name of a tengwa letter that does not appear in Tolkien's later table, but which was apparently intended to have the value w > v, like the letter wilya > vilya in the later, canonical system (VT46:21). According to Arden R. Smith, the form of the pre-classical letter is a variant of #21, which letter Tolkien would later call vala (VT46:32).
voronwa
enduring, long-lasting
voronwa adj. "enduring, long-lasting" (BOR)
voronwië
endurance, lasting quality
voronwië noun "endurance, lasting quality" (BOR)
waia
envelope
waia > vaia noun "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls (WAY) (also vaiya, waiya)
waiya
envelope
waiya > vaiya (also vaia, waia) noun "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls (WAY)
yonna
enclosed
yonna adj. (or passive participle) "enclosed", see yor-. (PE17:43)
yor-
enclose, set bounds to/about
yor- vb. "enclose, set bounds to/about" (PE17:43). Past tense yórë, †yondë, perfect oiórië (PE17:43). The forms yonda, yonna "enclosed" may be regarded as the passive participle of this verb.
hrúcen
noun. envy, (lit.) evil-sight
@@@ also hrucen
coloitië
noun. endurance, staunchness, fortitude
metta
noun. ending, end
rembina
adjective. entangled, meshed, netted, woven
vinimetta
noun. end of youth, end of youth, *reaching middle age
yonda
adjective. enclosed
coloitie
noun. endurance, staunchness, fortitude
minaþurië
noun. enquiry
ondonórë nómesseron minasurië
Enquiry into the Place-names of Gondor
yonna
adjective. enclosed
angwenda
noun. chain
senyavë
adverb. usually
ando
noun. gate, [great] door; †entrances, approaches
A word for “gate”, the Quenya name of tengwa #5 [2] in The Lord of the Rings Appendix E (LotR/1122).
Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien instead had ᴱQ. pondo “gate” under the early root {ᴱ√PONO >>} ᴱ√BOÐO (QL/75). He also had an element ᴱQ. tarnon in the name ᴱQ. Moritarnon “Door of Night” (LT1/215), which in Gnomish was G. Tarn Fui making ᴱQ. tarnon the cognate of G. tarn “gate” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/69).
ᴱQ. ando first appeared in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s as a variant of ᴱQ. andon, both cognates to ᴱN. ann “door” (PE13/160). It reappeared in cosmological notes from the early 1930s as an element in the updated name ᴹQ. Ando Lómen “Door of (Timeless) Night” (SM/237, 241), and in a glossary for these notes, ᴹQ. ando was glossed “door, gate”.
In The Etymologies of the 1930s ᴹQ. ando “gate” was derived from primitive ᴹ✶adnō under the root ᴹ√AD “entrance, gate” (Ety/AD). Tolkien gave it as the name for tengwa #5 in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s (PE22/22) and 1940s (PE22/50). In notes from December 1959 (D59) he gave it a new derivation:
> The words for “door, gate”, [ancient Sindarin] annō, annon(d)- are derivatives of √ANA “to” and mean originally “entrances, approaches”. Cf. Q ando. Quite distinct is ANAD- “long”, Q andā, S ann/and rare except in old words or names as anduin, Q anduine (PE17/40).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would assume the word applied to any protected entrance, generally used of gates but also applicable to a strong door, though a particularly large and strong entrance would use its augmented form: [ᴹQ.] andon(d-) “great gate” (Ety/AD).
hloita-
verb. to poison, envenom, fill with poison
A verb in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 glossed “to poison, envenom, fill with poison” derived from the root √SLOY (PE17/185).
telu
adjective. last, last; end (fate), close
An apparently adjectival element in the name Telufinwë meaning “last”.
Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. telu was a noun meaning “end, close” (QL/91). In the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa it was glossed “end (fate)” (PME/91).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use this element only in compounds since it is not clear what its independent singular or plural forms would be (telo, telwi?). For the ordinary adjective, I’d use métima or telda.
yor-
verb. to enclose, set bounds to/about, to enclose, set bounds to/about; *to include, contain
@@@ extended meaning “include, contain” from NQ-Wiki, also suggested by Tamas Ferencz
-ië
general infinitive
-ië (1) infinitive (or gerundial) ending, "general infinitive" (PE17:68), attested in carië (see car-), enyalië, q.v. (CO)
anaië
has been
anaië vb. "has been"; see ná #1.
andavë
long, at great length
andavë adv. "long, at great length" (PE17:102); see anda
hloita-
to poison, envenom, fill with poison
hloita- vb. "to poison, envenom, fill with poison" (PE17:185)
hormë
urgency
hormë noun "urgency" (confused with ormë "rushing") (KHOR; originally glossed "encouragement, comfort", VT45:22)
horta-
send flying, speed, urge
horta- vb. "send flying, speed, urge" (KHOR; originally glossed "urge, encourage", VT45:22)
imbë
between
imbë (1) prep "between" (Nam, RGEO:67, VT47:11, PE17:92). This is "between" referring to a gap, space, barrier, or anything intervening between two other things, like or unlike one another (compare enel). The pluralized form imbi implies "among" of several things (ancalima imbi eleni "brightest among stars"); "in the sense 'among' before plurals [imbë] is usually pluralized > imbi even when a plural noun follows". As pointed out by Patrick Wynne, imbi may also be used in the sense of "between" before two singular nouns connected by "and" (as in the example imbi Menel Cemenyë "between heaven and earth"), whereas imbë is used before dual forms, as in the examples imbë siryat "between two rivers", imbë met "between us". Elided imb' in the phrase imb' illi "among all" (VT47:11, 30). A dual form imbit is also mentioned, used to express "in absolute form the sense 'between two things' when these are not named" (apparently meaning that imbit expresses *"between them" referring to two entities, with no noun following) (VT47:30, PE17:92)
indyo
grandchild, descendant
indyo noun "grandchild, descendant" (ÑGYŌ/ÑGYON - read *inyo in Noldorin Quenya, which dialect changed ndy to ny? Cf. Quenya for Quendya.) In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, indyo was also the name of tengwa #17 with overposed dots to indicate following y (VT46:4), the whole symbol having the value ndy.
lanya-
bound, enclose, separate from, mark the limit of
lanya- (1) vb. "bound, enclose, separate from, mark the limit of" (VT42:8)
latin
open, free, cleared (of land)
latin, latina adj. "open, free, cleared (of land)" (LAT). According to VT41:5, the adjective latina "is used rather of freedom of movement, of things not encumbered with obstacles".
lelya-
appear, of beautiful things, hence attract, enchant (with dative)
lelya- (3) vb. "appear, of beautiful things, hence attract, enchant (with dative)", pa.t. lélinë (PE17:151)
londë
land-locked haven
londë noun "land-locked haven" (cf. #lóndië "harbourage"), "gulf" (TI:423). In Alqualondë "Swan-haven" (SA), "Haven of Swan" (VT45:28), Hirilondë ship-name "Haven-finder" (UT:192). In the Etymologies, londë is glossed "road (in sea), entrance to harbour" (LOD) and also "fairway" (VT45:28), i.e. a navigable channel for ships. In VT42:10, where the stem is given as LON rather than LOD, the gloss is simply "haven".
luhta-
to enchant
luhta- (1) vb. "to enchant" (LUK, VT45:29)
láta
open
láta adj. "open" (VT39:23), "open, not closed" (PE17:159, VT41:5)
malda
yellow, of golden colour
malda adj. "yellow, of golden colour" (PE17:51), variant of malina. An earlier source (the Etymologies, entry SMAL) has malda as the noun "gold" but LotR gives malta, q.v., and according to VT46:14 the form malta originally appeared in the Etymologies as well. Since Quenya sometimes uses adjectives as nouns (see for instance fanya), malda could still be regarded as a valid side-form of the noun malta "gold".
minassë
fort, city, with a citadel and central watch-tower
minassë noun "fort, city, with a citadel and central watch-tower" (VT42:24)
mitta-
between
mitta- (2) prep. "between" (VT43:30; the final hyphen may suggest that suffixes would normally follow)
nelequë
cardinal. thirteen
?nelequë ("kw") cardinal "thirteen" (VT48:21). The spelling "nelekwe" occurring in the primary source could suggest that this is really a Common Eldarin form; if so, one could theorize that the Quenya form would be *nelquë with syncope of the middle vowel (the same source lists "minikwe" as a word for 11, and the Quenya form is known to be minque). Compare nelquëa*. On the other hand, "tolokwe" as a word for 18 is listed together with definite Quenya forms and is apparently an unorthodox spelling of toloquë** (as observed by the editor); here no syncope producing *tolquë occurs. Thus toloquë could support ?nelequë as the Quenya word (but because of the uncertainties, yunquentë may be preferred as the word for 13).
nelquëa
cardinal. thirteen
nelquëa, cardinal "thirteen" (?) (VT48:21). This looks like an odd form next to other cardinals that simply end in -quë (like lepenquë, enenquë, otoquë = 15, 16, 17), and the form "nelekwe" also listed may indicate another Quenya form nelequë (q.v.) or *nelquë (but because of the uncertainties, yunquentë may be preferred as the word for 13). By another theory, nelquëa* is the ordinal "thirteenth", corresponding to the cardinal nel(e)quë**.
panta
open
panta adj. "open" (PAT)
quainel
cardinal. thirteen
quainel, cardinal "thirteen" (but yunquentë may be preferred) (VT48:21)
quainquë
cardinal. sixteen
quainquë, cardinal "sixteen" (but enenquë may be preferred) (VT48:21)
raina
nettled, enlaced
raina (1) adj. "nettled, enlaced" (VT42:11)
remba-
net, entrap
remba- vb. "net, entrap" (VT42:12)
ric-
try, put forth effort, strive, endeavour
#ric- ("k") (1) vb. "try, put forth effort, strive, endeavour" (PE17:93, 94, 167), imperative á ricë "try!", pl. á ricir "let them try", á rice am(a)ricië "try harder!" (or more idiomatically á carë (sí) ancarië, lit. *"do (now) with more doing!"
san
then
san (1) adv. "then" (MC:216; also twice in Narqelion), a "Qenya" term apparently replaced by tá in Tolkiens later conception. In his later Quenya, san would be the dative form of sa "it", hence "for it; to it".
ta
then
ta (4) conj., said to be a reducted form of tá "then", used "before each new item in a series or list"; "if as often in English the equivalent of and was omitted, and placed only before a final item [e.g. Tom, Dick, and Harriet], this would in Quenya represent a discontinuity, and what followed after ta would be an addition of something overlooked or less important". (PE17:70) Hence the use of arta (ar ta, "and ta") for "et cetera"; in older language ta ta or just ta.
tai
then
tai (3) adv. "then", also tá (which form may be preferred because tai has other meanings as well) (VT49:33)
tarwa
garden, enclosure
tarwa noun "garden, enclosure" (QL:87)
telë-
finish, end
telë- vb. "finish, end" (intransitive), also "be the last thing or person in a series or sequence of events" (WJ:411; telë may be taken as the 3rd person aorist of a stem tel-, though it may also be interpreted as an example of an E-stem verb, as suggested by the final hyphen)soleted by # 1 above)
tá
then
tá 1) adv. "then" (VT49:11). Cf. ta #4.
tólë
centre
tólë noun "centre" (LT1:269; the word endë is to be preferred in Tolkien's later Quenya)
ufárëa
not enough
ufárëa adj. "not enough" (FS). Cf. ú- "un-" and fárëa "enough, sufficient" (read *úfárëa?)
vaita-
to enfold
vaita- vb. "to enfold" (VT46:21), "to wrap" (LT1:271). Older (MET) form waita-.
vórëa
continuous, enduring, lasting
vórëa adj. "continuous, enduring, lasting" (VT45:7)
waita-
to enfold
waita- > vaita- verb "to enfold" (VT46:21)
yonda
wide, roomy, extensive
yonda adj."wide, roomy, extensive" (PE17:43), also (as alternative form of yonna) glossed "enclosed", with the latter meaning perhaps intended as the passive participle of the verb yor-
yonwa
fence, border, boundary
yonwa noun "fence, border, boundary" (PE17:43)
hahta
noun. fence
fence, hedge
coloitë
adjective. capable of bearing, tolerant (of), enduring
cotto
noun. *enemy
variant notto suggested by Helge Fauskanger (QQ/notto)
lanya-
verb. to bound, enclose, separate from, mark the limit of
lelya-
verb. to appear (of beautiful things); to attract, enchant (with dative)
londë
noun. (land-locked) haven, (land-locked) haven; [ᴹQ.] road (in sea), fairway, entrance to harbour; gulf
mitta
preposition/adverb. between, [ᴹQ.] inwards, into, [ᴱQ.] in; [Q.] between
mittar(ë)
noun. *entering
nev-
verb. to try, to try, *experiment
pel-
verb. to go round, encircle, to go round, encircle; [ᴱQ.] to surround, fence in, pen in; [ᴹQ.] to revolve, return
raina
adjective. netted, enlaced, caught in a net
remba-
verb. to net, entrap
ric-
verb. to try, put forth effort, strive, endeavour
tav-
verb. *to endure
@@@ might be the future of an otherwise unattested verb tav-
tel-
verb. to end, finish (intr.)
termar-
verb. to stand, *endure, last, (lit.) through-abide
tá
adverb. then
vórima
adjective. faithful, faithful, *(lit.) able to endure; [ᴹQ.] continuous, enduring, repeated; [ᴱQ.] everlasting
coloite
adjective. capable of bearing, tolerant, enduring
tai
1lE adverb. then
-nna
to
-n (1) dative ending, originating as a reduced form of -nă "to", related to the allative ending -nna (VT49:14). Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon (q.v.) and also added to the English name Elaine (Elainen) in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths (VT49:40). The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna (q.v.), also in the noun mariéna from márië "goodness" (PE17:59). Pl. -in (as in hínin, see hína), partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt (Plotz). The preposition ana (#1) is said to be used "when purely dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for "to God". In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the ending -n (or -en) expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o (cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200).
-uva
fill
-uva future tense ending. In avuva, caluva, cenuva, hiruva, (en)quantuva, (en)tuluva, laituvalmet, lauva, maruvan, termaruva, tiruvantes. A final -a drops out before the ending -uva is added: quanta- "fill", future tense quantuva (PE17:68). A verbal stem in -av- may be contracted when -uva follows, as when avuva is stated to have become auva (VT49:13). Origin/etymology of the ending -uva, see VT48:32. In VT49:30, the future tense of the verb "to be" is given as uva, apparently the future-tense "ending" appearing independently, but several other sources rather give nauva for "will be" (see ná #1).
an-
re
an- (3) prefix "re" in antúlien, q.v. (LotR-style Quenya shows en- instead.)
es
the eagles of the lords are at hand
es unidentified word in the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at hand" (SD:290); possibly an assimilated form of en, that may function as a kind of deitic particle here: *"Behold the Eagles..."
hón
heart
hón noun "heart" (physical) (KHŌ-N); hon-maren "heart of the house", a fire (LR:63, 73; this is "Qenya" with genitive in -en, not -o as in LotR-style Quenya read *hon-maro?)
quat-
fill
quat- vb. "fill" (WJ:392), future #quantuva "shall fill" (enquantuva "shall refill") (Nam, RGEO:67) Irrespective of the prefix en- "re", the form enquatuva (VT48:11) displays the expected future tense of quat-. The Namárië form enquantuva seems to include a nasal infix as well, which is possibly an optional feature of the future tense. On the other hand, PE17:68 cites the verb as quanta- rather than quat-, and then the future-tense form quantuva would be straightforward.
voro
ever, continually
voro, voro- adv. "ever, continually" (BOR, Narqelion) Compare vor. (Focusing on the gloss "continually", post-Tolkien writers have sometimes used voro for "still, yet", but for this sense the term en is available.) The variants vora, vorë were used for "always" in drafts for a Quenya version of the Sub Tuum Praesidium, but Tolkien eventually replaced such forms with the unrelated word illumë (VT44:9). Compare vórë, vórëa.
hirdë
noun. entrails, bowels
A neologism for “entrails, bowels” based on the early primitive word ᴱ✶ʒirdǝ from Early Noldorin Word Lists of the 1920s (PE13/144, 161).
lúcëarwa
adjective. enchanting, attractive
tel
noun. end
minaxanwa
adjective. enchained, bound, fettered
@@@ from Discord 2022-02-28, < PE ✱mi-nazgā-nwa, compare mirroanwe “embodied/incarnate one” < ✱mi-srawa-nwa-wē
cólë
noun. passivity, endurance, patience; a passive individual
@@@ used as “patience” in NQNT, it can perhaps be re-etymologized from √KOL with original sense of “that which bears”
hap-
verb. to clothe, enfold
omolmë
noun. company, business, enterprise, firm
@@@ by Röandil on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) on 2023-04-10, < PE ✱wo-mól(o)mē
yanta-
verb. to add to, enlarge, increase, augment
@@@ possibly lyanta- if you accepted gy- > dy- > ly-
molta-
verb. "to enslave, enthrall"
cólema
noun. patience, endurance; hardship
cólemaina
adjective. patient
ettelë
noun. outer fence, encircling fence
indya
noun. device, method, trick; machine, engine
lappa
noun. loose-end, end of rope, hem of robe
larta-
verb. to wait, stay, remain, last, endure
@@@ used in NQNT
lia-
verb. to entwine
melta-
verb. to enamour
@@@ Discord 2022-07-28
mette Reconstructed
adjective. *end
notto Speculative
noun. *enemy
pëanta-
verb. to give instructions to, enjoin, give into one’s hands, *teach
@@@ perhaps with original meaning “✱to give by lips”; used for “teach” in NQNT
qua(na)
all, complete, entire, full, the whole
@@@ from Discord 2022-03-11
quelmë
noun. ruin, utter end, perdition, end, death
quilta-
verb. to gird, encircle
tarwa
noun. garden, enclosure
telmëa
adjective. conclusive, final, end, last; extreme
tercol-
verb. to endure, carry through
toc-
verb. to appraise, tax, assess, assay; to try, test, essay, endeavour; to feel with the hand, handle
uruhanyaima
adjective. complicated, enigmatic, cryptic, hard to understand
vata
noun. beaten track, pathway
vor-
verb. to endure, survive
-stir
suffix. face
An element meaning “face” in the name Carnistir “Red-Face” (S. Caranthir), derived from primitive ✶stīrē (PM/353; VT41/10). Its form as an independent word would mostly likely be ✱síre (Classical Quenya þíre), but that would conflict with sírë “river” in spoken Quenya (Tarquesta). There are a number of other Quenya “face” words attested, such as cendelë, so it is probably safer to use one of these for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
canwa
noun. face
A word appearing as kanwarya in one of the drafts of the Ambidexters Sentence, apparently a 3rd-sg possessive form meaning “✱his face” (VT49/6, 21). Patrick Wynne suggested it might be derived from √KAT “shape” as in katmā > kanwa, patterned after Latin “faciēs” which also originally meant “shape”. It seems the n in this word was revised, but what the change was intended to be is unclear. Tolkien eventually revised this word to cendelë, so canwa was probably abandoned.
cëa
noun. *hedge
felehta-
verb. [unglossed], *to excavate, tunnel, mine
An untranslated form appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √PHELEG/PHELEK (PE17/118), possibly a verb derived from ✱phelektā- or ✱phelegtā-. The derivatives of this root had to do with mines and tunnels, so perhaps this verb meant “✱to excavate, tunnel, mine”.
lingwë
noun. fish
A word for “fish” appearing in its plural form lingwi “fish” in notes on The Lands and Beasts of Númenor from 1965 (NM/336) and appearing as ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi under the root ᴹ√LIW in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LIW).
Conceptual Development: Tolkien had ᴱQ. ingwe “fish” under the early root ᴱ√IWI “fish” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/43), and this word was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/43). The word {engwe >>} ingwe appeared unglossed in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/145). ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” with initial l first emerged in The Etymologies of the 1930s, as noted above.
nat
noun. thing
A Quenya noun for “thing” derived from the root √NĀ “be, exist” (VT49/30, Ety/N²), so perhaps prehistorically simply “a thing that exists”. Its plural form nati is indirectly attested in the plural únati of its (strong) negation únat “a thing impossible to be or to be done” (VT39/26).
Conceptual Development: This word is well established in Tolkien’s writings, appearing all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/64). In its earliest iteration, its stem form was natt- and its plural was natsi, where [[eq|[ti] became [tsi]]] as was the usual pattern in Early Qenya. The word reappear in texts and notes from the 1920s (PE14/43, 72; PE15/32, 68, 78). In one early dictionary entry glossed more generally as “affair, matter, thing”, but this entry was deleted (PE15/68); in other early writings the word for “affair” was given as ᴱQ. natto (QL/64). The word reappeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s with a simplified stem form nat- given its Noldorin equivalent N. nad (Ety/N²). The word appeared again in the late 1960s in notes associated with Q. ná- “to be”, where it was given the primitive form ✶năta (VT49/30).
nór
noun. land
A term for “land” as in “(dry) land as opposed to the sea”, mentioned in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/413) and again in notes from around 1968 (PE17/106-107).
Possible Etymology: In the Quendi and Eldar essay this term was derived from primitive ✶ndōro, but in the aforementioned 1968 notes Tolkien clarified that its stem form was nŏr-. This means it was probably derived from ancient ✱ndŏr-, where the long vowel in the uninflected form was inherited from the Common Eldarin subjective form ✱ndōr, a phenomenon also seen in words like nér (ner-) “man”. I prefer this second derivation, as it makes the independent word more distinct from the suffixal form -ndor or -nóre used in the names of countries.
vailë
noun. wind, [strong] wind, *gale
An obscure word for “wind” in notes from December 1959 (D59) derived from the root √WAYA and appearing in various forms: vëa, vaiwe, and vaile, the last of these with an adjectival form vailima “windy” (P17/189). A similar set of Quenya derivatives of √WAY appeared in notes from 1957, but there most of the forms were rejected: {vaiwe, view-, vaive, víw}, along with unrejected váva (PE17/33-34). Tolkien considered all these as possible cognates of S. gwae “wind”.
Conceptual Development: Precursors include ᴱQ. ’wā “wind” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√GWĀ (QL/102), ᴱQ. vá or vanwe “wind” from Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1930s (PE16/142) and ᴹQ. vaiwa “wind” from The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√WAIWA (Ety/WĀ). Thus the Quenya forms were much less stable than their Sindarin equivalent and its precursor, which were simply G. gwâ “wind” (GL/43; PE13/146) >> N./S. gwae(w) “wind” (Ety/WĀ; NM/237; PE17/33-34, 189).
Neo-Quenya: Of the various forms, I prefer Q. vailë since (a) it is later, (b) has an adjectival form and (c) has a possible direct cognate S. gwael “✱wind”, also from around the same time. Q. súrë is the usual word for “wind” and is thus preferable for most uses, but I think vailë might be used for a strong wind or gale, since elsewere in Quenya derivatives of √WĀ seem to be tied to stronger winds: hwarwa “violent wind”, vangwë “storm” (NM/237).
-lto
they
-lto, "Qenya" pronominal ending "they"; see -ltë
-ltë
they
-ltë, 3rd person pl. pronominal suffix, "they" (VT49:51; cariltë "they do", VT49:16, 17). It alternates with -ntë in Tolkiens manuscripts (VT49:17, 57). In his early material, the ending also appears as -lto, occurring in Fíriel's Song (meldielto "they are beloved" and cárielto "they made"), also in LT1:114: tulielto "they have come" (cf. VT49:57). Compare -lta, -ltya as the ending for "their".
-ndor
land
-ndor, final element in compounds: "land" (Letters:308, UT:253)
-nna
to, at, upon
-nna "to, at, upon", allative ending, originating from -na "to" with fortified n, VT49:14. Attested in cilyanna, coraryanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, númenórenna, parma-restalyanna, rénna, senna, tielyanna, q.v. If a noun ends in -n already, the ending -nna merges with it, as in Amanna, formenna, Elenna, númenna, rómenna as the allative forms of Aman, formen, elen, númen, rómen (q.v.). Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v.
-ntë
they
-ntë "they", pronomimal ending, inflexion of 3rd person plural when no subject is previously mentioned (CO; see also VT49:49). This ending competes with -ltë (q.v.) in Tolkiens conception (VT49:57; for "they do", both carintë and cariltë are attested, VT49:16 vs. 17). The corresponding pronominal possessive suffix appears as -ntya or -nta in various sources.
-on
name
-on gen.pl. ending (3O), in aldaron, aranion, elenion, Eldaron, #esseron, Ingweron, Istarion, Númevalion, Quendion, Silmarillion, Sindaron, tasarion (see Nan-Tasarion), Valion, wenderon, yénion. Normally the ending -on is added to the nominative plural, whether it ends in -i or -r, but some nouns in -ë that would have nominative plurals in -i seem to prefer the ending -ron in the genitive (hence #esseron as the gen. pl. of essë "name", though the nominative pl. is attested as essi and we might have expected the gen. pl. *ession; similarly wenderon, Ingweron).
-ttë
they
-ttë (1) "they", dual 3rd person pronominal ending ("the two of them") (VT49:51), replacing (also within the legendarium) the older ending -stë (which was later used for the second person only). This older ending -stë corresponds to a possessive ending -sta "their" (VT49:16), but this was presumably likewise altered to *-tta as the new ending for dual "their" = "of the two of them".
-wë
person
-wë a suffix occurring in many personal names, generally but not exclusively masculine (Elenwë is the sole certain example of a fem. name with this ending); it is derived from a stem simply meaning "person" (PM:340, WJ:399). In Etym, -wë is simply defined as an element that is frequent in masculine names, and it is there derived from a stem (WEG) having to do with "(manly) vigour".
Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurëa Lómëanor
forestmanyshadowed-deepvalleyblack deepvalleyforested gloomyland
Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurëa Lómëanor "Forestmanyshadowed-deepvalleyblack Deepvalleyforested Gloomyland", Quenya elements agglutinated in Entish fashion; this supposedly means something like "there is a black shadow in the deep dales of the forest" (LotR2:III ch. 4; translated in Appendix F under "Ents"; cf. also Letters:308) Earlier (TLT) version in TI:415: Tauretavárëa Tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurëa landatavárë, perhaps *"forest-wooden deepvalleyblack deepvalleyforested wide-wood."
Teler
sea-elf
Teler noun "sea-elf", pl. Teleri, general (partitive) pl. Telelli, the third tribe of the Eldar (TELES (MIS) ), also called Lindar.Teleri means "those at the end of the line, the hindmost", (WJ:382 cf. 371), derived from the stem tel- "finish, end, be last" (SA:tel-). The Lindar were so called because they lagged behind on the march from Cuiviénen. In early "Qenya", Teler, also Telellë, was defined "little elf" (LT1:267), but this is hardly a valid gloss in Tolkien's later Quenya.
a-
complete
a- (1) prefix occurring in the word Atalante, said to denote "complete". Probably just a prefixed stemvowel; cf. a root like ANÁR, said to be derived from NAR. (TALÁT)
aira
old
aira (3) adj. "old" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")
ana
to
ana (1) prep. "to" (VT49:35), "as preposition _ana _is used when purely _dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that the preposition ana can be used instead of the dative ending -n (#1, q.v.) Also as prefix: ana- "to, towards" (NĀ1); an (q.v.) is used with this meaning in one source (PE17:127)_
anda
long
anda adj. "long" (ÁNAD/ANDA), "far" (PE17:90).In Andafangar noun "Longbeards", one of the tribes of the Dwarves (= Khuzdul Sigin-tarâg and Sindarin Anfangrim) (PM:320). Compare Andafalassë, #andamacil, andamunda, andanéya, andatehta, Anduinë. Apparently derived from the adj. anda is andavë "long" as adverb ("at great length", PE17:102), suggesting that the ending -vë can be used to derive adverbs from adjectives (LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308)
ando
gate
ando (1) noun "gate", also name of tengwa #5 (AD, Appendix E). A deleted entry in the Etymologies gave Ando Lómen, evidently "Door of Night" (VT45:28; notice "Qenya" genitive in -n rather than -o as in LotR-style Quenya)
ane-
was
#ane-, form of copula "was" when pronominal endings follow: anen "I was", anel "you were", anes "(s)he/it was" (VT49:28, 29); see ná #1.
anta
face
anta (2) noun "face" (ANA1, VT45:5). Cf. cendelë.
arato
noble
arato noun "a noble" (PE17:147), in PE17:118 given as aratō and there glossed "lord" (often = "king"). Cf. aráto. The form cited in the latter source, aratō with a long final vowel, is evidently very archaic (compare Enderō under Ender); later the vowel would become short. (PE17:118)
ava-
without
ava- (3) prefix "without" (AR2, AWA). In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" (q.v.)
canwa
face
#canwa (2) noun "face", isolated from canwarya ("k") *"his face", evidently an ephemeral form Tolkien abandoned in favour of cendelë, q.v. (VT49:21; see VT49:34 regarding uncertainties as to the manuscript reading)
cemi
earth, soil, land
cemi noun "earth, soil, land"; Cémi ("k")"Mother Earth" (LT1:257; the "Qenya" word cemi would correspond to cemen in LotR-style Quenya)
ces-
to search (for something), to examine (something) in order to find (something)
ces- (Þ) ("k"), "to search (for something), to examine (something) in order to find (something)"; the root meaning is given as "enquire of, question, examine" (something). Cesë parma "to look in a book" (for a passage or information required); here the aorist stem cesë is used as infinitive. Notice that ces- here takes a simple direct object parma (not locative *parmassë, despite the translation). Past tense cense (Þ) given, replacing the phonologically expected form centë (also cited). (PE17:156)
ehtyar
spearman
ehtyar noun "spearman" (EK/EKTE). According to VT45:12, Tolkien at one point also meant ehtyar to be the name of Tengwa #15 with overposed dots to indicate a palatal sound; the letter would thus have the value hty. However, according to the classical Tengwar spelling of Quenya as outlined in LotR Appendix E, such a letter would rather have the value **ncy (since #15 is there assigned the value nc in Quenya), but since **ncy is not a possible Quenya combination, a palatal variant of #15 would not occur in the classical Quenya mode.
ehtë
spear
ehtë (stem *ehti-, given the primitive form ekti) noun "spear" (EK/EKTE). Another word for "spear" is hatal.
ekkaia
place name. Outer Sea
The ocean that surrounded the world, translated “Outer Sea” (S/37).
Possible Etymology: The etymology of this name is unclear. Robert Ireland suggested that the name may be related to the root ᴹ√KHAYA “far, distant, remote”, which has a similar derivative ᴹQ. ekkaira, an intensive form of ᴹQ. haira “remote, far” (ATD/Ekkaia).
Helge Fauskanger instead suggested that it might be derived from ✶et-gaya = ✶et “out” + ✶gaya “sea”, the latter from √GAY(AR), the same root from which Q. ëar and S. gaear are derived (QQ/Ekkaia). This seems more plausible to me, since voiced stops unvoiced after voiceless stops and aspirates in Primitive Elvish (✶[tg] > ✶[tk]) and [[p|[tk] became [kk]]].
Conceptual Development: The concept of an ocean surrounding the world was an old idea in the cosmology of Tolkien’s legendarium. In the earliest Lost Tales, there were two outer regions of air and water: ᴱQ. Vaitya “Outermost Airs” and ᴱQ. Vai “Outer Ocean” (LT1/85), both from the root ᴱ√VAẎA “enfold” (QL/100). Both terms were later combined into ᴹQ. Vaiya “Enfolding Ocean, Outer Sea”, appearing in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/236; LR/209; Ety/WAY). Vaiya was later changed to Ekkaia in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (MR/157), as this late stage referring only to the ocean and not the air.
essë
name
essë (1) noun "name", also later name of Tengwa #31, originally (MET) called árë (ázë). (Appendix E). With a pronominal ending esselya "thy name" (VT43:14). Pl. #essi in PM:339 and MR:470, gen.pl. #esseron "of names" in the compound Nómesseron (q.v.); we would rather have expected *ession, given the nom.pl. essi; perhaps #esser is a valid alternative plural form. Essecarmë noun "name-making" (MR:214, 470), Eldarin ceremony where the father announces the name of his child. Essecenta *("k") noun "Name-essay" (see centa) (MR:415); Essecilmë noun "name-choosing", an Eldarin ceremony where a child named him- or herself according to personal lámatyávë (q.v.) (MR:214, 471). The meaning Tolkien originally assigned to the word essë** in the Etymologies was "place" rather than "name" (VT45:12).
esta
first
esta (2) adj. "first" (ESE/ESET); this entry was marked with a query. The word Yestarë (q.v.) "Beginning-day" in LotR suggests that Tolkien decided to change the stem in question to _YESE/YESET_. We could then read *yesta for esta (but later this became a noun "beginning" rather than an adj. "first", PE17:120) and also prefix a y to the other words derived from ESE/ESET (essë* > yessë, essëa > yessëa). Estanossë noun "the firstborn", read likewise Yestanossë** (*Yestanessi?) but in a later text, Tolkien used Minnónar (q.v.) for "the Firstborn" as a name of the Elves, and this form may be preferred. _(In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word _Estanossë is cited as "Estanesse", but according to VT45:12, the second-to-last vowel is actually o in Tolkien's manuscript.)
farnë
dwelling
#farnë (2) noun "dwelling", in orofarnë (as translated in Letters:224, but in other notes of Tolkiens the word was interpreted "any growing thing or plant", PE17:83)
illi
all
illi noun "all" (as independent noun, apparently treated as a plural form). Imb' illi "among all" (VT47:30)
ilya
all
ilya adj. and noun "all" (LR:47, 56; SD:310), "all, the whole" (IL); "each, every, all of a particular group of things" (VT39:20); ilyë before a plural noun, "all" being inflected like an adjective (Nam, RGEO:67): ilyë tier "all paths" (Namárië, VT39:20), ilyë mahalmar "all thrones" (CO), ilya raxellor "from all dangers" (VT44:9; we might expect *ilyë raxellor here), ilyárëa (older ilyázëa) "daily, of every day" (evidently ilya "every" + árë, ázë "day" + -a adjectival ending) (VT43:18). Tolkien apparently abandoned ilyárëa in favour of ilaurëa, q.v.
in
the
i (1) "the", indeclinable definite article (I, Nam, RGEO:67, Markirya, WJ:369, WJ:398, MC:215, 216, 221). A variant in (q.v.) is also attested. Hyphenated i- in i-mar "the earth" (FS), i-Ciryamo "the mariner's" (UT:8), i-aldar "the trees" (Narqelion), attached with a dot in i·yulmar "the cups" (VT48:11), I·Eldanyárë "the History of the Elves" (LR:199), i·arya *"the best" (PE17:57), directly prefixed with no hyphen or dot in icilyanna = i cilyanna in SD:247, also ihyarma "the left hand" in VT49:22 (but i hyarma in other versions of the same text).
indo
heart, mood
indo (1) noun "heart, mood" (ID), "state" (perhaps especially state of mind, given the other glosses) (VT39:23), "mind, region/range of thought, mood" (PE17:155, 179), "inner thought, in fea as exhibited in character or [?personality]" (PE17:189). In another post-LotR source, indo is translated "resolve" or "will", the state of mind leading directly to action (VT41:13). Indo is thus "the mind in its purposing faculty, the will" (VT41:17). Indo-ninya,a word occurring in Fíriels Song, translated "my heart" (see ninya). In the compound indemma "mind-picture", the first element would seem to be indo.
inyë
i, too
inyë emphatic independent 1st person sg. pronoun, "I" with emphasis, translated "I, too" in LR:61 (and, according to one reading of Tolkiens manuscript, in VT49:49).
lelya-
go, proceed (in any direction), travel
lelya- (1) vb. "go, proceed (in any direction), travel", pa.t. lendë / elendë (WJ:363, VT14:5, PE17:139) At one point Tolkien assigned a more specific meaning to the underlying root LED: "go away from the speaker or the point in mind, depart" (PE17:52), which would make lelya- a near synonym of auta-. The same source denies that the derivatives of _LED _were used simply for "go, move, travel", but elsewhere Tolkien assigns precisely that meaning to lelya-.
lemnar
week
lemnar noun "week" (of five days) (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK). Compare enquië, otsola.
lingwë
fish
lingwë (stem *lingwi-, given the primitive form ¤liñwi) noun "fish" (LIW)
londa
path
[londa noun "path"], changed by Tolkien to londë noun "road (in sea)" (VT45:28)
luhta-
to bow
luhta- (2) vb. "to bow" (VT47:35); this intransitive verb can be distinguished from luhta- "enchant" above, since #1 is transitive and will always have a direct object, something #2 never has.
malina
yellow
malina adj. "yellow" (SMAL, Letters:308), "yellow, of golden colour" (PE17:51). Malinalda *"Yellow-tree", a name of Laurelin (SA:mal-; evidently malina + alda), translated "Tree of Gold" in the Silmarillion index. Cf. also malinornë.
mar
earth
mar (1) noun "earth" (world), also "home, dwelling, mansion". Stem mard- (VT46:13, PE17:64), also seen in the ablative Mardello "from earth" (FS); the word is used with a more limited sense in oromardi "high halls" (sg. oromar, PM17:64), referring to the dwellings of Manwë and Varda on Mt. Taniquetil (Nam, RGEO:66). The initial element of Mardorunando (q.v.) may be the genitive mardo (distinguish mardo "dweller"). May be more or less identical to már "home, house, dwelling" (of persons or peoples; in names like Val(i)mar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil) (SA:bar, VT45:33, VT47:6). Már is however unlikely to have the stem-form mard-; a "Qenya" genitive maren appears in the phrase hon-maren, q.v., suggesting that its stem is mar-. A possible convention could therefore be to use már (mar-) for "home, house" (also when = household, family as in Mardil, q.v.), whereas mar (mard-) is used for for "earth, world". Early "Qenya" has mar (mas-) "dwelling of men, the Earth, -land" (LT1:251); notice that in LotR-style Quenya, a word in -r cannot have a stem-form in -s-.
minya
first
minya adj. "first" (MINI) (cf. Minyatur, Minyon); "eminent, prominent" (VT42:24, 25). Minyar "Firsts", the original name of the Vanyar (or rather the direct Quenya descendant of the original Primitive Quendian name) (WJ:380)
miruvor
mead
miruvor, full form miruvórë noun "mead", "a special wine or cordial"; possessive miruvóreva "of mead" (Nam, RGEO:66; WJ:399).In the "Qenya Lexicon", miruvórë was defined "nectar, drink of the Valar" (LT1:261).
na
to, towards
na (2) prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by #1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead (NĀ1). Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana (VT45:36).
na
to be
na (1) form of the verb "to be", evidently the imperative (or subjunctive): Tolkien stated that na airë would mean "be holy" (VT43:14), and san na (q.v.) must mean "thus be" = "let it be so"; see ná #1 Cf. also the sentence alcar mi tarmenel na Erun "glory in high heaven be to God" (VT44:32/34). Inserted in front of a verb, na expresses a wish: aranielya na tuluva "may thy kingdom come" (ibid).
nassë
person, an individual
nassë (1) "a person, an individual" (VT49:30). Also translated "true-being" (pl. nasser is attested), the inner "true" being of a person. With a pronominal suffix in the form nassentar "their true-being" (PE17:175, cf. -nta #2), in the source referring to the "true" spiritual nature of the Valar, as hidden within their visible shapes. The word nassentar would seem to be plural, *"their true-beings". Not to be confused with the verb nassë/násë "he/she is"; see ná #1.
nat
thing
nat noun "thing" (NĀ2); compare únat. VT49:30 lists "năta, nat", but it is unclear whether năta is here a Quenya word or an etymological form underlying Quenya nat.
ne
that
ne (2) conj. "that" (as in "I know that you are here") (PE14:54), evidently replaced by i in Tolkiens later Quenya (see i #3).
nec-
without, -less
nec- prefix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. -enca, q.v.
neldë
cardinal. three
neldë cardinal "three" (SA:neldor, NÉL-ED, VT47:11, VT48:6). Eleni neldë "three stars", archaic elenion neldë = *"of stars three". Genitive "of 3 stars" = elenion neldë (for archaic elenion neldëo) (VT49:45; see 54 regarding neldion as the gen. pl.) Cf. also nelya, neldëa, Neldië.
nev-
try
nev- vb. "try" (PE17:167; Tolkien in the source expresses uncertainty as to whether this word should be adopted or not)
ni
me
ni (1) 1st person sg. pron. "I" (according to PE17:68 also "me" as object), with long vowel (ní) when stressed (VT49:51), cf. ní nauva next to nauvan for "I will be" (VT49:19), the former wording emphasizing the pronoun. The pronoun ni represents the original stem-form (VT49:50). Dative nin "for me, to me" (Arct, Nam, RGEO:67, VT41:11/15). Compare the reflexive pronoun imni, imnë "myself" and the emphatic pronoun inyë, q.v. The ancient element ni is said to have implied, originally, "this by me, of my [?concern]" (VT49:37)
ninquë
white, chill, cold, palid
ninquë adj. "white, chill, cold, palid" (WJ:417, SA:nim, PE17:168, NIK-W - spelt "ninqe" in Etym and in LT1:266, MC:213, MC:220, GL:60), pl. ninqui in Markirya. Compounded in Ninquelótë noun "White-Flower" (SA:nim), = Sindarin Nimloth, the White Tree of Númenor; ninqueruvissë ("q") "white-horse-on" _(MC:216; this is "Qenya", read _ninqueroccossë or *ninquiroccossë in LotR-style Quenya). Normally ninquë would be expected to have the stem-form ninqui-, given the primitive form ¤ninkwi; Ninquelótë rather than *Ninquilótë must be seen as an analogical form.
nië
tear
nië noun "tear" (NEI, VT45:38, LT1:262, LT2:346); apparently níe in MC:221
noa
former
noa (2) adj. "former", also adv. (and noun?) "yesterday", shortened from the full phrase noa ré "former day" (VT49:34). In other conceptual phases, Tolkien used noa for "tomorrow" _(VT49:20). _Compare enwa.
né
was
né vb. "was"; see ná #1. Also used as interjection "yes" when the meaning is "it was so, it was as you say/ask" (VT49:31). Pl. nér "were", dual nét (VT49:30). Nésë "he was" (VT49:29), though Tolkien elsewhere stated that né did not "take any inflection of person" (VT49:31), pronominal endings rather being added to ane- (the form anes *he was" is attested). Anda né "long ago" (VT49:31).
nëa
to be
nëa (2) an optative form of the verb na- "to be"? (nëa = LotR-style Quenya nai?): ya rato nëa "which soon may (it) be" = "which I hope will be soon" (Arct)
nórë
land
nórë noun "land" (associated with a particular people) (WJ:413), "country, land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live, race, clan" (NŌ, NDOR, BAL), also used = "race, tribe, people" (SA:dôr, PE17:169; however, the normal word for "people" is lië). Early "Qenya" hasnórë "native land, nation, family, country" (in compounds -nor) (LT1:272)
oilima
last
oilima adj."last" (MC:213, 214; this is "Qenya"), inflected or lengthened form oilimain "last (pl.)" (MC:221), oilimaisen "(MC:221), oilimaite "last" (MC:214, 221)
olë
cardinal. three
olë (2) cardinal "three" (LT1:258; in LotR-style Quenya Tolkien replaced this "Qenya" form with neldë)
otsola
week
otsola noun "week" (evidently referring to a week of seven days like our own, since otso = seven). (GL:62). Compare enquië, the Eldarin six-day week, and lemnar, a five-day week.
palta-
feel with the hand, stroke
palta- (2) vb. "feel with the hand, stroke" etc. (basic meaning: "pass the sensitive palm [palta] over a surface") (VT47:9)
pel-
go round, revolve, return
pel- vb. "go round, revolve, return" (PEL), apparently also transitive "encircle" (mentioned in the Silmarillion Appendix as a meaning of the root), cf. also "Qenya" pele- "surround, fence in, pen in" (pa.t. pellë given, QL:73)
perper-
suffer great anguish
perper- vb, "suffer great anguish", "endure to end", pa.t. perpérë (QL:73)
putta
stop
putta noun "stop" (in punctuation) _(PUT; see PUS). _According to VT46:10, a dot under a letter is intended, possibly indicating that the consonant is not followed by a vowel; cf. VT46:33 and see VT49:38, 40 regarding an actual example of such punctuation in a Tengwar sample.
quanta-
fill
quanta- (2) vb. "fill" (PE17:68), cf. enquantuva "will refill" in Namárië. This verb seems to spring from a secondary use of the adjective quanta "full" as a verbal stem, whereas the synonym quat- (q.v.) is the original primary verb representing the basic root KWAT.
quilta
girdle, belt
quilta noun "girdle, belt" (QL:78); the same source also lists a verb qilti- (sic) "gird, encircle"; one could perhaps read *quilta- if this verb were to be adapted to Tolkiens later Quenya.
re
re
[re, possibly a 3rd person singular emphatic pronoun, struck out by Tolkien (VT49:49)]
rin
dew
rin noun "dew" (LT1:265; rather rossë in LotR-style Quenya)
sairina
magic
sairina adj.? "magic" (evidently adj. rather than noun) (GL:72)
setta
first
[setta, setya adj. "first" (possibly also "primary", but Tolkien's gloss was not certainly legible) (VT46:13)]
sá
fire
sá noun "fire" (LT1:265; "Qenya" spelling sâ. Rather nárë in LotR-style Quenya.)
súru
wind
súru noun "wind" (MC:213, 216, 220; this is "Qenya"; Tolkien's later Quenya has súrë)
súrë
wind
súrë noun "wind", stem súri- because of primitive form sūrǐ- (PE17:62),hence the instrumental form súrinen "in the wind" or more literally "by the wind" (Nam, RGEO:66,Markirya, J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator p. 197); Súrion masc.name, "Wind-son" (Appendix A). Early "Qenya" has súru (MC:213, 216, 220). See also súriquessë.
ta
that, it
ta (1) pron. "that, it" (TA); compare antaróta** "he gave it" (FS); see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna "thither", talo/tó "thence" and tás/tassë* "there" are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: "to that", "from that" and "in that" (place), respectively. Compare "there" as one gloss of ta (see #4).
ta
they, them
ta (3) pron. "they, them", an "impersonal" 3rd person pl. stem, referring "only to 'abstracts' or to things (such as inanimates) not by the Eldar regarded as persons" (VT43:20, cf. ta as an inanimate Common Eldarin plural pronoun, VT49:52). Compare te, q.v. The word ta occurring in some versions of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer may exemplify this use of ta as an "impersonal" plural pronoun: emmë avatyarir ta** "we forgive them" (VT43:8, 9; this refers to trespasses, not the trespassers). However, since Tolkien also wanted ta to mean "that" (see #1 above), he may seem to be somewhat dissatisfied with ta "they, them", introducing variant forms like tai (VT49:32) to free up ta as a sg. pronoun. In one document, tai was in turn altered to te (VT49:33), which could suggest that the distinction between animate and inanimate "they, them" was abandoned and the form te (q.v.) could be used for both. In some documents, Tolkien seems to use tar as the plural form (VT49:56 mentions this as an uncertain reading in a source where the word was struck out; compare ótar under ó**-).
ta
there
ta (5) adv. "there" (VT49:33; this may be an Elvish root or "element" rather than a Quenya word; see tanomë; see however also tar, tara, tanna under ta #1).
tai
they, them
tai (2) pron. "they, them", 3rd person pl., used with reference to inanimates rather than persons or living things (VT49:32, see ta #3 above). Perhaps to avoid the clash with tai "that which", the pronoun tai "they, them" was altered to te in at least one manuscript (VT49:33), so that it would merge with the pronoun used of living beings and the distinction between animate and inanimate would be abandoned (see te).
tanya
that
tanya demonstrative "that" (MC:215; this is "Qenya", perhaps corresponding to later tana)
tap-
stop, block
tap- vb. "stop, block" (the form tapë given in the Etymologies is translated "he stops, blocks", evidently the 3rd person sg. aorist. In Etym as printed in LR, a was misprinted as á, cf. VT46:17). Pa.t. tampë (TAP)
tassë
there
tassë adv. "there" (VT49:11), short form tás. These seem to be properly locative forms of ta "that, it", hence "in that [place]". Compare allative tanna "thither" and ablative talo "thence".
te
they, them
te pron. "they, them", 3rd person pl. (VT49:51, LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308). The pronoun te represents an original stem-form (VT49:50). Dative ten, téna or tien "for them, to them" (q.v.) Stressed té (VT49:51). Ótë "with them", q.v. VT43:20 connects te "them" with a discussion of Common Eldarin pronominal stems (ca. 1940s), where te is the "personal" 3rd person pl. stem, referring to persons rather than abstracts or inanimates (which are denoted by ta instead; see, however, the entry ta #3 regarding the problems with this form, and the hints that te may possibly be used with reference to inanimates as well)). Also consider the reflexive pronoun intë "themselves", the final element of which is apparently this pronoun te; see also tú for the dual form.
telma
conclusion, anything used to finish off a work or affair
telma noun "a conclusion, anything used to finish off a work or affair", often applied to the last item in a structure, such as a coping-stone, or a topmost pinnacle (WJ:411). Notice that the form telmanna in the entry TEL/TELU in the Etymologies is a misreading for talmanna (VT46:18) and therefore not the same word as telma.
tier
path
tier is, besides the pl. form of tië "path" above, an ephemeral word for "so", abandoned by Tolkien in favour of tambë (VT43:17)
toi
they
toi pron. "they" (FS; replaced by te in LotR-style Quenya?)
tul-
come
tul- vb. "come" (WJ:368), 1st pers. aorist tulin "I come" (TUL), 3rd pers. sg. tulis "(s)he comes" (VT49:19), perfect utúlië "has come" (utúlien "I am come", EO), utúlie'n aurë "Day has come" (the function of the 'n is unclear; it may be a variant of the article "the", hence literally "the Day has come"). Past tense túlë "came" in LR:47 and SD:246, though an alternative form *tullë has also been theorized. Túlë in VT43:14 seems to be an abnormal aorist stem, later abandoned; tula in the same source would be an imperative. Prefixed future tense entuluva "shall come again" in the Silmarillion, future tuluva also in the phrase aranielya na tuluva* "may thy kingdom come" (VT44:32/34), literally apparently "thy kingdom, be-it-that (it) will come". In early "Qenya" we have the perfects tulielto "they have come" (LT1:114, 270, VT49:57) and tulier "have come", pl., in the phrase I·Eldar tulier "the Eldar have come"(LT1:114, 270). Read probably utúlieltë, Eldar utúlier** in LotR-style Quenya.
tulca
yellow
tulca (3) ("k") adj. "yellow". Adopted and adapted from Valarin; the normal Quenya word for "yellow" is rather malina (WJ:399)
turu-
master, defeat, have victory over
turu- (1) vb. "master, defeat, have victory over" (PE17:113, not clearly said to be Quenya, but the Q name Turucundo "Victory-prince" is listed immediately afterwards). Compare tur-; cf. also *turúna.
tárë
in that day
tárë adv.? "in that day", not translated in its first occurrence in Fíriel's Song
tú
they, them
tú pron. "they, them", 3rd person dual ("the two of them"), both "personal and neuter" (the pronoun can be used of persons and things alike). (VT49:51) Tolkien also considered tet for the same meaning, listing it alongside tú in one source (VT49:56), but this form was apparently abandoned.
vanya-
go, depart, disappear
vanya- (2) vb. "go, depart, disappear", pa.t. vannë (WAN). The verb auta- may have replaced this word in Tolkien's later conception.
vorima
continual, repeated
vorima adj. "continual, repeated" (BOR), early "Qenya" gloss "everlasting" (LT1:250)
voronda
steadfast in allegiance, in keeping oath or promise, faithful
voronda adj. "steadfast in allegiance, in keeping oath or promise, faithful", used as a title of Elendil Voronda "Elendil the Faithful"; genitive Vorondo in CO. Only glossed "faithful" in LT1:250.
vórima
steadfast in allegiance, in keeping oath or promise, faithful
vórima (more or less identical to vorima above?) adj. "steadfast in allegiance, in keeping oath or promise, faithful"; genitive vórimo in a variant of CO; see UT:317. In VT45:7, vórima is glossed "continuous, enduring, repeated".
wai
wind, weave
wai (what the primitive element ¤wei "wind, weave" became in Quenya; therefore confused with the stem WAY "enfold") (WEY)
yal-
summon
yal- vb. "summon". In enyalië "to recall" (Notes on CO, UT:317)
yuncë
cardinal. twelve
yuncë ("k") cardinal "twelve", before it was altered to yunquë under the influence of minquë "eleven" (according to VT48:7, 8). The form yuncë is asterisked by Tolkien. Compare encë under enquë.
yunquë
cardinal. twelve
yunquë ("q") cardinal "twelve" (VT47:41, VT48:4, 6, 9; VT49:57; also compare the stem yunuk(w)-_ cited in VT42:24, 31). This word appears already in an early source (PE14:82)_. Some sources point to #rasta, q.v., as another word for "twelve". However, available post-LotR sources indicate that Tolkien intended yunquë as the regular Quenya word for "twelve".
yávië
autumn
yávië noun "autumn" (SA:yávë); "autumn, harvest", in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 54 days, but also used without any exact definition (Appendix D). Noun yáviérë *"Autumn-day", a day outside the months in the Steward's Reckoning, inserted between Yavannië and Narquelië (September and October) (Appendix D)
ëa
eä
ëa (1) (sometimes "eä")vb. "is" (CO), in a more absolute sense ("exists", VT39:7/VT49:28-29) than the copula ná. Eä "it is" (VT39:6) or "let it be". The verb is also used in connection with prepositional phrases denoting a position, as in the relative sentences i or ilyë mahalmar ëa "who is above all thrones" (CO) and i ëa han ëa "who is beyond [the universe of] Eä" (VT43:14). Eä is said to the be "pres[ent] & aorist" tense (VT49:29). The past tense of ëa is engë (VT43:38, VT49:29; Tolkien struck out the form ëanë, VT49:30), the historically correct perfect should be éyë, but the analogical form engië was more common; the future tense is euva (VT49:29). See also ëala. Eä is also used as a noun denoting "All Creation", the universe (WJ:402; Letters:284, footnote), but this term for the universe "was not held to include [souls?] and spirits" (VT39:20); contrast ilu. One version of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer includes the words i ëa han ëa, taken to mean "who is beyond Eä" (VT43:14). Tolkien noted that ëa "properly cannot be used of God since ëa refers only to all things created by Eru directly or mediately", hence he deleted the example Eru ëa "God exists" (VT49:28, 36). However, ëa is indeed used of Eru in CO (i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa** "the One who is** above all thrones") as well as in various Átaremma versions (see VT49:36), so such a distinction may belong to the refined language of the "loremasters" rather than to everyday useage.
órë
heart
órë (1) noun "heart" (inner mind), also name of tengwa #21 (Appendix E), "premonition" (VT41:13), "nearest equivalent of 'heart' in our application to feelings, or emotions (courage, fear, hope, pity, etc.)" (VT41:13). The órë apparently defines a person's personality, cf. the description of Galadriel in PM:337, that "there dwelt in her the noble and generous spirit (órë) of the Vanyar". Órenya "my heart" (VT41:11).
ósanwë
interchange of thought
ósanwë noun "interchange of thought", "communication of thought", i.e. telepathy (VT39:23, PE17:183, cf. MR:415); Ósanwë-centa ("k")noun "Enquiry into the Communication of Thought" (VT39:23 cf. MR:415)
ú
without, destitute of
ú (1) adv. and prep. "without, destitute of" (VT39:14). Usually followed by genitive: ú calo "without light" (cala). In one source, ú is seemingly also used as a negative verb "was not" (VT49:13), but Tolkien revised the text in question.
úr
fire
úr noun "fire" (UR)This stem was struck out in Etym, but a word that must be derived from it occurs in LotR, so it seems that Tolkien restored it. Early "Qenya" also has Ûr, noun "the Sun" (also Úri, Úrinci ("k"), Urwen) (LT1:271). Cf. Úri.
Teleri
noun. Last-comers
Last-comers, Enders
angainor
proper name. Angainor
The great chain that bound Melkor after his defeat by the Valar (S/252).
Conceptual Development: This name had a long history in Tolkien’s legendarium, appearing in the earliest Lost Tales in various forms, most commonly ᴱQ. Angaino (LT1/103). In the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s, it was glossed “Tormentor” and given as a derivative of the root ᴱ√ŊAHYA “hurt, grieve” (QL/34). The form Engainor >> ᴹQ. Angainor emerged in The Lays of Beleriand (LB/205, 208) and remained the same thereafter.
Possible Etymology: The later meaning of this name is unclear. Christopher Tolkien connected it with Q. anga “iron” in The Silmarillion appendix (SA/anga). However, the earlier name ᴱQ. Angaino was glossed “Oppressor” or “Tormentor”, and J.R.R. Tolkien was quite emphatic that it was not etymologically related to “iron” (GL/37, G. Gainu). He derived it instead from the root ᴱ√ŊAHYA (or NAẎA) “hurt, grieve” (QL/34).
This early root survived into Tolkien’s later writings as √NAY “cause pain, lament” (Ety/NAY, PE17/166). An intriguing possibility is that the older etymology of Angainor and its resulting glosses could have remained valid as well. The initial element of Angainor might have developed from a strengthened etymological variant of this root, perhaps √NAY > √ÑAY > ✶ṇ̃gay- > Q. Angai-.
As enticing as this idea is, it does not fit the phonology of later Quenya very well. A syllabic initial nasal ✶ṇ̃g- ordinarily developed into Q. ing- (PE19/77), such as ✶ñgōlē > ingolë “lore, science” (PM/360). Furthermore, N/Ñ is not a standard etymological-variation, since these variations did not usually cross homorganic grades (PE18/90). There is no evidence that Tolkien considered such a scenario in any of his later writings.
antil
noun. *middle finger
An alternate name for the middle finger in rough drafts of Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from 1968, a combination of √ƷAN “adorn” and Q. til “tip” (VT47/26-27 note #35). As pointed out by Patrick Wynne, this represents an abnormal development for initial ʒ, vanishing rather than becoming h; this vanishing of ʒ was a feature of Quenya Tolkien toyed with in the late 1960s.
Námo
person, somebody
námo (2) noun "a person, somebody" (PM:340 writers may prefer the synonym quén to avoid confusion with # 1)
nívë
noun. face
eä
Eä
Eä was the word spoken by Eru Ilúvatar by which he brought the universe into actuality.
-ltë
suffix. they
-n(yë)
suffix. I
amya-
verb. [unglossed]
aquet-
verb. to answer
arra
adjective. [unglossed]
auta
adverb. ago
cairë
?. [unglossed]
canta-
verb. ?
conta-
verb. [unglossed]
corto
noun. circle
cúma
noun. [unglossed]
essë
noun. name
felca
adjective. [unglossed]
finca
noun. [unglossed]
fána
adjective. white, white; [ᴹQ.] cloud
@@@ as suggested by Helge Fauskanger, the form fánë “white” in the Markirya poem may be a slip or misreading
hatal
noun. spear, spear, *javelin
hindo
noun. [unglossed]
hindë
noun. [unglossed]
holdë
noun. [unglossed]
háro
?. [unglossed]
i
article. the
illi
noun. all
lanotoitë
adjective. innumerable
malsa
?. [unglossed]
mel-
verb. to love
melya-
verb. [unglossed], *to be in love
naue
?. [unglossed]
nec-
prefix. without
neldë
cardinal. three, three; [ᴱQ.] four
ná-
verb. to be, to be, [ᴱQ.] exist
raima
noun. net
sac-
verb. to close
sal-
verb. [unglossed]
sinar
noun. today, today, [ᴹQ.] this morning
sorna
adjective. steadfast
sélo
?. [unglossed]
sóla
?. [unglossed]
tana
that
tar-
verb. to stand
tassë
adverb. there
thar-
verb. [unglossed]
tomba
noun. [unglossed]
tompë
noun. [unglossed], *pulse, beat
@@@ Neo-meaning “✱pulse, beat” suggested by Röandil on 2023-04-20
tóquet-
verb. to answer
um(ba)-
prefix. [unglossed]
yanda
adjective. wide
yunquë
cardinal. twelve
éna
?. [unglossed]
ëa-
verb. to be, exist, to be, exist, [ᴹQ.] have being, be found extant in the real world
þúna
?. [unglossed]
cesië
noun. search
cornë
noun. loaf
hurindo
noun. liar
indyarin
noun. device, escutcheon, blazon
limil
noun. chain
nangwesa
noun. answer
nanquet-
verb. to answer
rihta
noun. effort
rénë
noun. memory
talya
adjective. stalwart, steady, firm
telima
adjective. final
tyul-
verb. to stand
-o
person, somebody
-o (2), also -ó, "a person, somebody", pronominal suffix (PM:340)
Ara-
noble
Ara-, ar- a prefixed form of the stem Ara- "noble" (PM:344). In the masc. names Aracáno "high chieftain", mothername (amilessë, q.v.) of Fingolfin (PM:360, cf. 344), Arafinwë "Finarfin" (MR:230)
Niélë
tear
Niélë fem. name (meaning unclear, cf. nië "tear"?), diminutive Nieliccilis ("k") noun "little Niéle" (MC:215; PE16:96). This may suggest that Niélë has the stem-form *Niéli-.
ando
long
ando (2) adv. "long"; maybe replaced by andavë; see anda (VT14:5)
andon
great gate
andon noun "great gate" (andond-, as in pl. andondi) (AD)
angaina
of iron
angaina adj. "of iron" (ANGĀ)
antil
middle finger
[antil noun "middle finger" (VT47:26)]
aquet
answer
[aquet noun? vb? "answer" (PE17:166)]
arta
fort, fortress
arta (2) noun "fort, fortress" (GARAT under 3AR)
ata
again
ata adv. "again", also prefix ata-, at- "back, again, re-; second time, double" (AT(AT), PE17:166, cf. ataquanta-, ataquetië) or "two" (PE17:166), also "ambi-" as in ataformaitë, q.v.
au-
without
au- (3) privative prefix, = "without" (AWA)
cornë
loaf
cornë _("k")_noun "loaf" (LT1:257)
ehtar
spearman
[ehtar] noun "spearman" (EK/EKTE, VT45:12)]
fána
white
fána, fánë (1) adj. "white" (Markirya - fánë as a sg. form in may be a misreading). Compare fanya.
hatal
spear
hatal noun "spear" (VT49:14, 33). Another word for "spear" is ehtë.
hauta-
cease, take a rest, stop
hauta- vb. "cease, take a rest, stop" (KHAW)
hloima
poison
hloima noun "poison", "a poisonous substance" (PE17:185)
ia
ever
[ia adv. "ever" (GEY, EY); replaced by oia.]
inga
first
inga (2) adj. "first" (ING)
landa
wide
landa (2) adj. "wide" (LAD). Maybe in landatavárë = *"wide-wood"? (TI:415)
limil
chain
limil noun "chain" (QL:54)
marda
dwelling
marda noun "dwelling" (PE17:107)
métima
last
métima adj. "last" (Markirya), in Markirya also twice métim', since the following words (auressë, andúnë) begin in an a.
nauta
bound, obliged
nauta adj. "bound, obliged" (NUT)
nánë
was
nánë vb. "was", náner "were"; see ná #1
né
was
né vb. in pa.t. "was"; see ná #1.
nírë
tear
nírë noun "tear" (NEI)
nór
land
nór noun "land" (stem nor-, PE17:106) this is land as opposed to water and sea (nor in Letters:308). Cf. nórë.
oi
ever
oi adv. "ever" (OY)
ostirion
fort
ostirion noun "fort" (TI:423)
palla
wide, expansive
palla adj. "wide, expansive" (PAL)
pirya
juice, syrup
pirya noun "juice, syrup" (PIS)
pusta
stop
pusta (1) noun "stop", in punctuation full stop (PUS). Compare putta.
raima
net
raima noun "net" (VT42:12)
ranta
part
#ranta noun "part". Pl. rantali attested. (PE14:117)
rasta
cardinal. twelve
#rasta cardinal "twelve" (isolated from yurasta_ "24", two times 12; cf. the stem RÁSAT "twelve" listed in the Etymologies). See yunquë. (PE14:17)_
rindë
circle
rindë noun "circle" (RIN)
ruinë
fire, a blaze
ruinë noun "a fire, a blaze" (PE17:183). Compare nárë.
sanda
name
[sanda, sandë] (þ) (2) noun "name" (VT46:16)
sanda
firm, true, abiding
sanda (þ) (1) adj. "firm, true, abiding" (STAN)
sangwa
poison
sangwa noun "poison" (SAG)
sanomë
there
sanomë adv. "there" (PE17:71). Cf. sinomë, tanomë.
sanwë
thought, an act of thinking
sanwë noun "thought, an act of thinking" (VT39:23, 30; VT41:5, 13, PE17:183)
sanya
name
[sanya] (þ) (2) noun ?"name" (reading of gloss uncertain, VT46:16)
sarta
steadfast, trusty, loyal
sarta adj. "steadfast, trusty, loyal" (PE17:183)
savin elessar ar <u>i</u> nánë aran ondórëo
that
i (3) conj. "that". Savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo "I believe that Elessar really existed and that [he] was a king of Gondor" (VT49:27), savin…i E[lesarno] quetië naitë *"I believe that Elessars speaking [is] true" (VT49:28) Also cf. nai, nái "be it that" (see nai #1), which may seem to incorporate this conjunction.
sorna
steadfast
sorna (þ) adj. "steadfast" (PE17:113)
sáva
juice
sáva noun "juice" (SAB)
sóra
long, trailing
sóra adj. "long, trailing" (LT2:344)
tana
that
tana (1) demonstrative "that" (said to be "anaphoric") (TA). According to VT49:11, tana is the adjective corresponding to ta, "that" as a pronoun.
tanca
firm, fixed, sure
tanca ("k")adj. "firm, fixed, sure" (TAK)
telda
last, final
telda (1) adj. "last, final" (WJ:407)
telya-
finish, wind up, conclude
telya- vb. "finish, wind up, conclude" (transitive) (WJ:411)
tië
path, course, line, direction, way
tië noun "path, course, line, direction, way" (TE3, VT47:11); pl. tier in Namárië(Nam, RGEO:67); tielyanna "upon your path" (UT:22 cf. 51; tie-lya-nna "path-your-upon")
tulca
firm, strong, immovable, steadfast
tulca (1) ("k") adj. "firm, strong, immovable, steadfast" (TULUK)
tyelima
final
tyelima adj. "final" (KYEL)
tás
there
tás adv. "there" (VT49:11); also tassë, q.v.
tóquet-
answer
[tóquet- vb. "answer" (PE17:166)]
uru
fire
uru noun "fire" (LT1:271)
vailë
wind
vailë noun "wind" (PE17:189)
vaiwa
wind
vaiwa noun "wind" (WĀ/WAWA/WAIWA)
vaiwë
wind
vaiwë noun "wind" (PE17:189)
vor
ever
vor, voro adv. "ever" (BOR, LT1:250, 273 [only voro_ in the Etymologies]; also in Narqelion)_
vëa
wind
vëa (4) noun "wind" (PE17:189)
wailë
wind
wailë noun "wind", later form vailë, q.v. (PE17:189)
waiwa
wind
waiwa noun "wind" (WĀ/WAWA/WAIWA)
wá
wind
wá (actually spelt wâ) noun "wind" (LT1:266). Cf. wáya-.
yana
that
yana demonstrative "that" (the former) (YA)
yanda
wide
yanda adj. "wide" (PE17:115); variant of yána #1, q.v.
yerna
old, worn
yerna adj. "old, worn" (GYER)
yurasta
cardinal. twelve
yurasta cardinal "24" (two times #rasta "twelve") (PE14:17)
úlumë
ever
úlumë adv. "ever", at all times (in a series or period) (PE17:156). Cf. ullumë.
-n
suffix. I
-ntë
suffix. they
auta
particle. ago
carina
participle. made
ea
verb. be
be
ea-
verb. be, exist
esse
noun. name
esta-
verb. name
fánë
adjective. white
him-
verb. adhere
hinna
adverb. still
i
pronoun. that
i, antevokaliskt in
conjunction. that
ilyë
adjective. all
in
article. the
lanotoite
adjective. innumerable
lingi-
verb. [unglossed]
maitya
?. [unglossed]
nan
adverb. again
nan
noun. valley, vale
nav-
verb. to try
nem-
verb. appear, seem
nixi
name. fish
né
verb. was
was
nóre
noun. land
quequetta-
verb. repeat, keep on saying
raina
adjective. netted, caught in net
raita
verb. to net
sa
conjunction. that
sac-
verb. close
sal-
verb. ?
sana
that
sanomë
adverb. there
tasse
there
tilma
noun. point
tul-
verb. come
tás
adverb. there
umbacarin
noun. [unglossed]
vaiwë
noun. wind
vëa
noun. wind
úpa-
verb. [unglossed]
en (2), also ena, adv. "still"; quetir en "they still say" (PE17:167)