ûri

noun. sun

A noun translated “sun” (SD/306, 428). This word appears in the forms ûrê, ûri and ûrî, but Tolkien declared that the form with long î is actually the personified form Ûrî “Lady of the Sun” (SD/426), perhaps the Adûnaic name of Q. Arien. The form ûrê only appears once (SD/426), so ûri is probably to be preferred as the ordinary word for Sun, especially since it is a neuter noun, which ordinarily cannot end in a long -ê (SD/427). Tolkien lists the “later forms Uir, Ŷr” (SD/306), one of which may be the Westron word for “sun”, most likely Wes. uir. As suggested by several authors (AAD/24, EotAL/UR), ûri is probably derived from the Elvish root ᴹ√UR.

ûrinîluwat

Sun and Moon

A phrase demonstrating a dual compound with two different elements. It contains the related pair ûri “sun” and nîlu “moon (SD/428).

ûriyat nîlô

sun and moon

An example of a dual phrase with two different words. The first word of the pair is declined as a dual. It contains the related pair ûri “sun” and nîlu “moon” (SD/428).

ûrî

feminine name. (Lady of the) Sun

The feminine personification of ûri “the sun” (SD/426), perhaps the Adûnaic name for Q. Arien.

anor

noun. Sun

The most common Sindarin name for the Sun derived from primitive ✶Anār, an augmented form of the root √NAR “fire” (PE17/38; Ety/ANÁR; SD/302-303, 306). The o is the result of ancient *ā* becoming *au* and then this *au* becoming *o* in polysyllables.

Conceptual Development: The term Anor was first mentioned in conjunction with early tales of Númenor (LR/41). It briefly appeared as N. {ánar >>} Anar “sun” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the entry for ᴹ√NAR (Ety/NAR¹; EtyAC/NAR¹), but as Anor under ᴹ√ANÁR (Ety/ANÁR). In The Notion Club Papers of the 1940s it was Anor, archaic †Anaur (SD/302-303, 306) and it retained this form thereafter.

Anor

noun. Sun

_n. Astron._Sun. Q. anār/anăr. >> Ithil

Anor

noun. sun

anórien

place name. Sunlending, *(lit.) Sun-lands

The region of Gondor between Minas Tirith and Rohan (LotR/750), translated “Sunlending” (RC/776). Its initial element is clearly Anor “Sun”, and its final element is the plural -ien of the suffix -ian(d) “land”, common in place names. Thus, the literal meaning of the name is “✱Sun-lands”.

Conceptual Development: On the draft maps for the Lord of the Rings from the 1940s, this name first appeared as (Quenya?) Anarion (TI/310) and once (rejected) in the draft texts as Anárion (TI/282), but this was changed to N. Anórien on both the maps (TI/318) and later drafts (WR/141).

minas anor

place name. Tower of the (Setting) Sun

Original name of Minas Tirith, translated “Tower of the Setting Sun” (LotR/244), a combination of minas “tower” and Anor “Sun” (SA/minas, nár).

Conceptual Development: When it first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, the name N. Minas Anor was translated more literally as “Tower of the Sun” (TI/119).

elanor

noun. pimpernel, small golden star-shaped flower, (lit.) sun-star

The name of a flower in Lórien translated “sun-star” also given as the name of the first daughter of Samwise (LotR/1026). It is a combination of el “star” and Anor “sun” (PE17/55). In notes for the tale of Aldarion and Erendis, Tolkien said it also grew in Númenor and “was a small golden star-shaped flower” (UT/216 note #20). In a letter to Amy Ronald from 1969, Tolkien described it as “a pimpernel (perhaps a little enlarged) growing sun-golden flowers and star-silver ones on the same plant, and sometimes the two combined” (Let/402). Thus it was either a golden star-shaped flower or a pimpernel-like plant growing both sun-coloured and star-coloured flowers.

Anórien

noun. sun land

anor (“the sun”) + iend (-end commonly used suffix in the names of regions and countries) #The long ó could probably reflect the long vowel in the primitive root that remains long (in the first element of a compound) when stressed.

Minas Anor

noun. the tower of the sun

minas (“tower, fort”), Anor (“the sun”)

ast

noun. light or heat of sun

_n. _light or heat of sun. >> Asfaloth

elanor

noun. 'sun-star'

n. Bot. 'sun-star'.

elanor

noun. star-sun (flower)

êl (“star”) + anor (“sun”)

fael

noun/adjective. gleam of the sun; *gleaming

An element in the name Faelivrin described as the “gleam of the sun on the pools of Ivrin” (S/210), hence probably meaning something like “gleam of the sun” or “✱gleaming”. It may be derived from the root ᴹ√PHAY in its 1930s sense “radiate, send out rays of light” (Ety/PHAY), though in later writings √PHAY meant “spirit” (PM/352).

ast

noun. light or heat of the sun

narbeleth

noun. October, Sun-fading, Sun-waning

oranor

noun. *(lit.) Sun-day, Sunday

fael

noun. gleaming brilliance (of the sun)

fân

noun. cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills)

gal-

verb. to shine clear, to shine clear, [G.] shine golden as the Sun

oranor

noun. second day of the week, day of the Sun

Anor

sun

1. Anor (pl. Anoer if there is a pl.) Archaic Anaur (SD:306). 2) naur (mainly in compounds as nar-, -nor) (flame, fire), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath.

anor

sun

(pl. Anoer if there is a pl.) Archaic Anaur (SD:306).

naur

sun

(mainly in compounds as nar-, -nor) (flame, fire), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath.

cýranor

noun. new sun after solstice

A neologism coined by Echuidor posted on 2024-08-31 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a combination of cŷr “renewed” and Anor “Sun”, equivalent to Q. ceuranar.

Anórien

Sun-land

The name is Sindarin for 'Sun-land'; Anor "sun" and -ien place name suffix.

The name is purely heraldic and doesn't refer to its climate or sunshine.

ûr Reconstructed

noun. fire, fire; [ᴱN.] sun

A word for “fire” attested in later writings only as an element in names, such as S. Úrui “August, ✱Hot-one” (LotR/1110). It appeared as N. ûr “fire” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√UR “be hot”, but this and related words were deleted when Tolkien changed the sense of the root to “wide, large, great” (Ety/UR). However, √UR “heat” was restored in later writings (PE17/148; PE22/160), and primitive ✶ūr “a fire (on hearth)” appeared in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s, though Tolkien did mark it with a “?” (PE21/71 and note #8).

Conceptual Development: Perhaps the first precursor to this word was G. †Uril, an archaic word for the Sun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing beside its modern form G. Aur (GL/75) and clearly a derivative of the early root ᴱ√URU as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Ûr; QL/098). In Gnomish Lexicon Slips revising this document, it became {ŷr >>} hŷr “sun” (PE13/114), and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it became ᴱN. {húr >>} úr “sun”, derived from primitive ᴱ✶ourū̆ (PE13/155).

This in turn became N. ûr “fire” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under ᴹ√UR “be hot”, but as noted above the meaning of this root was changed in that document (Ety/UR). Although the root √UR “heat” was later restored, it isn’t clear whether Tolkien also restored ûr “fire”, though there is some secondary evidence of it: primitive ✶ūr “a fire (on hearth)” appeared in notes from the early 1950s, as also noted above (PE21/71).

Neo-Sindarin: If S. naur is (like its Quenya cognate Q. nár) more representative of an elemental or abstract notion of fire, then ûr might be used for an individual physical fire such as one in a fireplace.

coranor

noun. solar year, (lit.) sun-round

duia-

verb. to descend, sink, set [of sun]

ast

noun. light or heat of the sun, *warmth

elanor

star-sun

(a kind of pimpernel with golden and silver flowers) elanor (pl. elanoer). Archaic *elanaur.

elanor

star-sun

(pl. elanoer). Archaic ✱elanaur.

anar

noun. Sun

Anar is the most common Quenya name for the Sun and was derived from primitive ✶Anār, an augmented form of the root √NAR “fire” (Let/425; PE17/38; Ety/ANÁR; SD/302, 306). In the uninflected form the long vowel shortens as usual in final syllables, but its stem form is probably Anár- as with the name Anárion (LotR/1044) and the plural coranári of coranar “sun-round” (PM/126). When suffixes with consonant clusters are added, however, the á shortens such as with Anarinya “my Sun” (LR/72).

Conceptual Development: This term appeared in Silmarillion drafts of the 1930s with the gloss “Heart of Flame” (LR/240) and as ᴹQ. Anar “sun” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the derivation given above (Ety/ANÁR, NAR¹).

Anar

sun

Anar noun "Sun" (ANÁR, NAR1, SA:nár; UT:22 cf. 51); anar "a sun" (Markirya); Anarinya "my Sun" (FS). See also ceuranar, Úr-anar. (According to VT45:6, Tolkien in the Etymologies mentioned anar "sun" as the name of the short vowel carrier of the Tengwar writing system; it would be the first letter if anar is written in Quenya mode Tengwar.) Compounded in the masc. name Anárion "Sun-son" (Isildur's brother, also the Númenorean king Tar-Anárion, UT:210); also in Anardil "Sun-friend" (Appendix A), a name also occurring in the form Anardilya with a suffix of endearment (UT:174, 418). Anarya noun second day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to the Sun (Appendix D). Anarríma name of a constellation: *"Sun-border"??? (Silm; cf. ríma)

Calaventë

sun

Calaventë _("k")_noun "Sun" (LT1:254)

Calavénë

sun

Calavénë _("k")_noun "Sun" (lit. "light-vessel", "light-dish") (LT1:254)

Narsil

sun

Narsil (Þ) noun the sword of Elendil, compound of the stems seen in Anar "Sun" and Isil "Moon"; see Letters:425 for etymology

úr(in)

proper name. Sun

A late remnant of earlier names for the Sun: ᴱQ. Ûr and ᴹQ. Úrin. In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, this name was changed from Úrin >> Naira >> Vása (MR/198), but the form Úr(in) occasionally appeared in some later writings (PE17/148, MR/377). This name was a derivative of the root √UR “heat, be hot” (PE17/148).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this name was ᴱQ. Ûr, Ur or Úri “Sun”, but literally meaning “Fire” (LT1/187, QL/98). The name became ᴹQ. Úrin in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/240). It was rejected in The Etymologies along with the root form ᴹ√UR, but reappeared sometimes in later writing as noted above.

úri

sun

úri noun "sun" (MC:214, 221; this is "Qenya"); genitive úrio "sun's" (MC:216)

anarcalin

masculine name. *Sun-Bright

A name appearing in linguistic notes from the 1950s (PE21/86), apparently a combination of Anar “Sun” and calina “bright”.

anardil

masculine name. *Lover of the Sun

The given name of Tar-Aldarion (UT/219), and also the name of the sixth king of Gondor (LotR/1038). This name seems to be a compound Anar “Sun” and -(n)dil “-lover”. This name also appeared in the form Anardilya (UT/174), as an endearment spoken to the young Tar-Aldarion by his grandfather Vëantur.

anar púrëa tihta

a bleared sun blinking

The thirty-fifth line of the Markirya poem (MC/222). The first word is Anar “sun” followed by the adjective púrëa “bleared” and the infinitive (or short active-participle) of the verb tihta- “to blink”, used adjectivally.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> anar púrëa tihta = “✱sun bleared blinking”

Conceptual Development: In the first draft, Tolkien used the active-participle form of the verb: tihtala, switching to the short form in the second draft (MC/222).

anarríma

proper name. *Sun Border

Name of a constellation (S/48). It seems to be a compound of Anar “Sun” and [ᴹQ.] ríma “border”, hence: “✱Sun Border”.

anárion

masculine name. *Son of the Sun

The younger son of Elendil, who was counted as the second king of Gondor and the ancestor of all Gondorian kings until Aragon took the throne (LotR/1044). The name is likely a compound of Anar “Sun” and the patronymic suffix -ion “-ion”. A plural form of this name, Anárioni, was used to refer to the kings of Gondor as the descendants of Anárion (PM/196).

Conceptual Development: When this character was first mentioned in the early tales of the “Fall of Númenor” his name was ᴹQ. Firiel, but this was soon changed to ᴹQ. Anárion (SD/401). The name given for him in the Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s was also Anárion (TI/119).

arien

feminine name. Maiden of the Sun

The Maiden of the Sun who guided the solar orb through the heavens after it was created (S/99). Her name is likely a compound of árë “sunlight” and the feminine suffix -ien.

Conceptual Development: When she first appeared, this character’s name was ᴱQ. Urwen(di) “Sun-maiden” (LT1/179, LT1A/Urwen), combining the early name of the Sun, ᴱQ. Ûr, with ᴱQ. wen(di) “maiden”. Her name was later revised to ᴹQ. Úrien (SM/97, SM/170) >> ᴹQ. Árien (SM/99, 168) >> ᴹQ. Arien (LR/243, Ety/AR¹).

In later writings, the name sometimes appeared with the long Á (PE17/148, MR/376) but usually had a short A, and this is the form appearing in the later drafts and published versions of The Silmarillion (MR/136, 198; S/99). In his late notes on the cosmology of Middle-earth, Tolkien consider numerous variant forms for this name: Áren, Ār(i), Ārië, Āzië and even a (rejected) masculine form Auron (MR/376, 380), but none of these variants appeared in the narratives. The early form Úrien also briefly reappeared in some linguistic note from the 1950s (PE21/86).

ceuranar

noun. new sun after solstice

A word appearing in notes from the late 1960s glossed “new sun after solstice” (VT48/7), a combination of Q. ceura “renewed” and Q. Anar “Sun”.

núya-

verb. to descend, to descend, *come down, set (of the sun)

Tolkien gave núya- as an intransitive verb meaning “descend” several times in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 as an example of a ya-formative verb, having the forms (a)n(d)úya (PE22/156) or núya- (PE22/163), the latter derived from primitive ✶ndūya- based on the root √ndu “down”. It was contrasted with ta-causative núta- “lower = ✱cause to go down” (PE22/156).

Conceptual Development: Prior to the 1950s, the verb form ᴱQ./ᴹQ. núta- had intransitive glosses like “stoop, sink” (Qenya Lexicon: QL/68) or “set, sink (of Sun or Moon)” (Etymologies: Ety/NDŪ); see that entry for discussion. However, intransitive núta- had competition from other verbs in Tolkien’s earlier writings.

The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s also had ᴱQ. nūmeta- or numenda- “get low (of sun)”, both verb forms of ᴱQ. núme “west” (QL/68). This verb appeared in the Oilima Markirya poem from around 1930 and its drafts in the phrase ᴱQ. rána númetar “the moon went down in the West” (MC/221). In notes associated with one of these drafts, Tolkien glossed the verb númeta- as “go down in the west” (PE16/75). The verb númeta- did not appear thereafter.

As noted above, in The Etymologies of the 1930s the verb ᴹQ. núta- was glossed “set, sink (of Sun or Moon)” (Ety/NDŪ). It was glossed “come down” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of 1948, but there it was revised to unta in the phrase ᴹQ. lairesse nihare to tarassi, yu __{núta >>} unta__ hrívesse landannar “in the summer I live in the hills [as a rule], and come down to the plains in the winter” (PE22/125 and note #136). This new intransitive verb appeared a second time in LVS in a rejected page of verbal roots as unta “descend, as of sun or of a man from a mountain” with a half-strong past form ununte “came/went down” (PE22/127 note #152). A similar verb ᴹQ. unda- appeared in notes on Quenda Personal Pronouns (QPP1) from this same period in the phrase saundar “they sank”, but it was deleted (PE23/77 note #21).

The reason for the introduction of 1948 unta- “descend” isn’t explicitly given, but likely Tolkien decided núta- should be transitive/causative, and indeed in Tolkien gave causative ✶ndūtā- “cause to sink” in Common Eldarin: Verb Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s (PE22/135). It seems núta- remained causative thereafter, but in 1969 LVS Tolkien gave the intransitive/ya-formative form as núya- “descend” (PE22/163), as described above.

Neo-Quenya: Based on this discussion, I would use núya- as the basic Quenya verb for “to descend, ✱come down”, and thus also useable as “✱set (of the Sun)”. However, I think it is worth salvaging 1948 ᴹQ. unta- with the modified sense “descend [below a surface]”, based on the use of undu for “under, beneath” and [rejected] ᴹQ. unda- “sink”. Thus I would use núya- to mean “descend [generally or towards a horizon]” while unta- would mean “descend [below a surface]” and so meaning “✱sink, stoop”. Compare also suv- “sink (esp. in water)” (PE22/127).

árë

noun. sunlight, warmth (especially of the sun); day, sunlight, warmth (especially of the sun); *noontide; day

A word for “sunlight” and “warmth (especially of the sun)” as well as the older name of tengwa #31 [k], which was originally used for the sound [z] matching the archaic pronunciation of this name: †áze (LotR/1123). When this sound fell out of use in Quenya (becoming *r*) the tengwa was repurposed for [ss] and given a new name: Q. essë. The word árë was derived from the root √AS “warmth” (PE17/18, 148; VT43/18).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹQ. are has the sense “day” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√AR of the same meaning (Ety/AR¹), and it appears with this gloss in some later writings as well (PE17/148, PM/127). By the time Tolkien was writing The Lord of the Rings appendices, though, he had changed the sense of this word to “sunlight” as described above. The sense “day” was transferred to the words aurë and ré.

Neo-Quenya: Luinyelle suggested this word might also mean “✱noontide”, patterned after G. auth “sunshine, warmth; noontide”, to serve as a basis for ᴺQ. apárilë “afternoon”.

nú-

prefix. going down, setting (of sun), west

A prefix having to do with going down, setting (of sun) and the west (PE17/18) based on √NDU “descend”. See, for example, Hyarnustar “Southwestlands” (UT/165).

Arien

the sun-maiden

Arien fem. name "the Sun-maiden", the Maia of the Sun (AR1; Silm); cf. árë "sunlight"

Narsilion

(the song) of the sun and moon

Narsilion (Þ) noun "(the song) of the Sun and Moon"; actually the stems of the words for Sun and Moon compounded (see Narsil above) and a plural genitive ending added (Silm)

andú-

going down, setting (of sun), west

andú-, nú- "going down, setting (of sun), west" (PE17:18), element underlying words like the following, and also núna (q.v.)

andú-

prefix. going down, setting (of sun), west

A prefix having to do with going down, setting (of sun) and the west (PE17/18) based on √NDU “descend”. See, for example, Andúril “Flame of the West” (LotR/277; PE17/34) or Andustar “Westlands” (UT/165).

asta-

verb. to heat, bake (by exposure to sun)

asta- (2) vb. "to heat, bake (by exposure to sun)" (PE17:148)

cauma

protection or shelter natural or otherwise, sc. against sun, or rain, or wind or against darts; shield

cauma ("k")noun "protection or shelter natural or otherwise, sc. against sun, or rain, or wind or against darts; shield" (PE17:108)

ceuranar

new sun after solstice

ceuranar ("k")noun "new sun after solstice" (VT48:7), apparently a compound ceura or ceurë + anar, q.v.

coranar

sun-round

coranar noun "sun-round", solar year (Appendix D; pl. coranári in PM:126)

narsilion

proper name. (Song) of the Sun and Moon

The tale of the creation of the Sun and the Moon, glossed “Song of the Sun and Moon” (S/99). Like the name Narsil, this name is probably a combination of the primitive roots √NAR and √THIL from which the words for the Sun and Moon were derived (Anar and Isil). The name is in the genitive plural (“of the”), but there is no element corresponding to “Song”, so a more accurate translation would simply be “Of the Sun and Moon”.

numenda-

verb. get low (of the sun)

numenda- vb. "get low (of the Sun)" (also númeta-) (LT1:263; in Tolkien's later Quenya núta-)

númeta-

verb. get low (of the sun)

númeta- vb. "get low (of the Sun)" (also numenda-) (LT1:263; in Tolkien's later Quenya rather núta-); inflected númetar "set" ("went down in the West") (MC:221; this is "Qenya")

núta-

verb. to lower, to lower; [ᴹQ.] to set, sink (of Sun or Moon); [ᴱQ.] to stoop

A transitive (ta-causative) verb appearing as andúta or núta “lower” in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969, as opposed to intransitive (ya-formative) núya- “descend” (PE22/156). It was clearly based on ✶ndūtā- “cause to sink”, which appeared in Common Eldarin: Verb Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s (PE22/135).

Conceptual Development: In earlier documents this verb had intransitive meanings, such as ᴱQ. nūta- “stoop, sink” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√NUHU “bow, bend down; stoop, sink” (QL/68), and ᴹQ. núta- “set, sink (of Sun or Moon)” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NDŪ “go down, sink, set (of Sun, etc.)” (Ety/NDŪ). In the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948, Tolkien revised intransitive {núta} “come down” to ᴹQ. unta (PE22/125 note #136); see that entry for discussion.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would limit the verb núta- to transitive “lower = ✱cause to sink or go down”. I would use núya- “descend” and [ᴹQ.] unta- “✱sink, stoop” for the intransitive senses.

osto

the gates of the sun

osto (2) noun "the gates of the Sun" (LT1:264; this "Qenya" word was probably obsoleted by # 1 above)

úr-anar

the red sun

Úr-anar noun, word occurring in Fíriel's Song, translated "the red sun"; actually the prefixed element úr- must have to do with the element ur- "heat, be hot" mentioned in the Silmarillion Appendix. Also compare Ûr as an early Qenya word for "the Sun".

anarya

noun. Sunday, (lit.) Sun-day

coranar

noun. (solar) year, (lit.) sun-round

narquelië

noun. October, Sun-fading

anar caluva tielyanna

The sun shall shine upon your path

ancale

noun. the very bright, a name of the Sun

asta-

verb. to heat, bake (by exposure to sun)

elanar

noun. pimpernel, (lit.) sun-star

A neologism coined by Parmandil posted on 2024-05-07 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a combination of él “star” and Anar “Sun”.

sardanar

noun. corundum, (lit.) hard sun

A neologism for “corundum” coined by Valerie on 2022-05-12 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a combination of sarda “hard” and Anar “sun”.

niltelmë

noun. (sun)bonnet, (lit.) harebell-hood

A neologism for a “(sun)bonnet” coined by Luinyelle posted on 2025-01-26 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a combination of [ᴹQ.] nil “harebell” and [ᴹQ.] telme “hood”, so more literally “harebell-hood”.

oranar

noun. noon, (lit.) above Sun

táranar

noun. noon, (lit.) high-sun

uir

noun. sun

A word listed as a later form of Ad. ûri “sun” (SD/306) and therefore perhaps a Westron word, as suggested by Andreas Moehn (EotAL/UR). The other “later form” Ŷr is unlikely to be Westron, since y seems not to be a vowel in Westron.

anor

noun. Sun

Anor

noun. sun

anaur Archaic

noun. Sun

aranor

noun. *Sun-day

elanor

noun. sun-star

feanor

masculine name. Radiant Sun

minas anor

place name. Tower of the Sun

anār

noun. Sun

auri

noun. heat, period of sun

ndu

root. down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, [ᴹ√] set (of Sun, etc.)

aþāraigas

proper name. Sun, ‘appointed heat’